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Academic literature on the topic 'BNAB-93'
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Journal articles on the topic "BNAB-93"
1
Grabezhnoy, V., and G. Lomakov. "RESULTS OF CALCULATION OF BENCHMARK MODELS ON RADIATION PROTECTION, INTENDED FOR RESEARCH OF TRANSMISSION OF IONIZING RADIATION THROUGH WATER AND STEEL LATTICES." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2020, no. 2 (2020): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2020-2-72-84.
Full textAbstract:
The work is devoted to evaluating the accuracy of using the BNAB-RF system of constants together with the discrete ordinate method and the KATRIN-2.5 and CASCAD codes (IPM RAS) for studying the passage of neutrons and photons through water and steel gratings. The results of calculating the benchmark models for radiation protection from the SINBAD database are presented, namely, the ASPIS Neutron / Gamma-Ray Transport Through Waiter / Steel Arrays, NESDIP-2 Benchmark Experiment and NESDIP-3 Benchmark Experiment models, which were located in experimental channel of the NESTOR reactor. As a neutron source, a disk made of an alloy of uranium and aluminum irradiated with a stream of thermal neutrons leaving the NESTOR reactor was used. Protective compositions consisted of steel containers with water and plates of various steels (stainless steel and mild steel). Measurements of the passage of ionizing radiation were carried out using foils placed between steel plates or immersed in water at different distances from the neutron source. The calculations of neutron and photon reactions were carried out using the discrete ordinate method in 3D and 2D geometries KATRIN-2.5 and CASCADE, respectively. The constant systems BNAB-93 and BNAB-RF were used as group libraries. We can especially note the calculated estimates for the passage of gamma radiation presented here, obtained from the reaction (n-gamma) in the materials of the ASPIS installation. The results of calculations showed a good agreement of the calculated values with the experimental data. Based on the obtained numerical results, the BNAB-RF constant system was verified as applied to the calculation of radiation protection from ionizing radiation passing through water and steel gratings.
2
Seleznev, E., V. Bereznev, I. Chernova, and A. Belov. "USING PARTIAL EQUATIONS FOR ANALYSIS OF THE FAST BREEDER REACTOR KINETICS." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2019, no. 3 (2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2019-3-153-162.
Full textAbstract:
To analyze the possibilities of using the system of partial neutron transport equations in evaluating the kinetics of a fast breeder reactors compared to the classical system of equations, computational studies of test models of MET-1000 and MOX-1000 reactors developed in the framework of the Generation-IV. As transient processes, the displacements (dumping and lifting) of control rods were simulated, and the reactivity effects in the indicated reactors were evaluated through the solution of stationary problems, i.e. through the use of an asymptotic estimate of the reactivity obtained from the solution of the stationary eigenvalue problem and from the processing of the inverse solution kinetic equation method from solving the transient problem. Test calculations were carried out in 26 and 28 group approximations using the BNAB-93 and BNAB-RF libraries and eight groups of delayed neutrons. The article shows that the features of determining, both calculation and measurement, the effects of reactivity and efficiency of control rods in fast breeder reactors are related to the working region of the neutron spectrum.
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Andrianova, Olga N., Yury Ye Golovko, Gleb B. Lomakov, Yevgeniya S. Teplukhina, and Gennady M. Zherdev. "Calculation and experimental analysis of benchmark experiments with a fast neutron spectrum and models of sodium and lead cooled fast reactors using different evaluated nuclear data libraries." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 2 (2021): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.68951.
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The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of criticality calculations using a Monte-Carlo code with the BNAB-93 and BNAB-RF neutron group constants, as well as with evaluated neutron data files from the Russian ROSFOND evaluated nuclear data library and other evaluated nuclear data libraries (ENDF, JEFF, JENDL) from different years. A set of integral experiments on BFS critical assemblies carried out in different years at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (60 different critical configurations) was analyzed. The considered integral experiments are included in the database of evaluated experimental neutronic data used to justify the neutronic performance of sodium and lead cooled fast reactors, to verify codes and nuclear data as well as to estimate uncertainties in neutronic parameters due to the nuclear data uncertainties. It has been shown that the ROSFOND evaluated nuclear data library is a library that minimizes the calculation and experimental discrepancies for the considered set of integral experiments. The paper also presents the results of criticality calculations for models of sodium and lead cooled fast reactors based on different evaluated neutron data libraries and provides estimates for the uncertainty in criticality associated with nuclear data.
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Andrianova, Olga N., Yury Ye. Golovko, Gleb B. Lomakov, Yevgeniya S. Teplukhina, and Gennady M. Zherdev. "Calculation and experimental analysis of benchmark experiments with a fast neutron spectrum and models of sodium and lead cooled fast reactors using different evaluated nuclear data libraries." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. (2) (2021): 103–9. https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.68951.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of criticality calculations using a Monte-Carlo code with the BNAB-93 and BNAB-RF neutron group constants, as well as with evaluated neutron data files from the Russian ROSFOND evaluated nuclear data library and other evaluated nuclear data libraries (ENDF, JEFF, JENDL) from different years. A set of integral experiments on BFS critical assemblies carried out in different years at the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (60 different critical configurations) was analyzed. The considered integral experiments are included in the database of evaluated experimental neutronic data used to justify the neutronic performance of sodium and lead cooled fast reactors, to verify codes and nuclear data as well as to estimate uncertainties in neutronic parameters due to the nuclear data uncertainties. It has been shown that the ROSFOND evaluated nuclear data library is a library that minimizes the calculation and experimental discrepancies for the considered set of integral experiments. The paper also presents the results of criticality calculations for models of sodium and lead cooled fast reactors based on different evaluated neutron data libraries and provides estimates for the uncertainty in criticality associated with nuclear data.
5
Shaginyan, Ruben A., Valery V. Korobeinikov, and Viktor Yu Stogov. "Study into the dependence of the Co-60 and Lu-177g production efficiency on the energy structure of neutron flux density." Nuclear Energy and Technology 9, no. 4 (2023): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.9.116662.
Full textAbstract:
At present, the existing approaches to production of artificial isotopes are mostly based on the development experience from previous years. This work aims to develop an algorithm for selecting the most effective irradiation modes for target materials. The study is based on sequential modeling of irradiation of target isotopes by neutrons of different ‘single-group’ fluxes at the same neutron flux density within each energy group (BNAB-93). In this study, a flux density equal to 2×1015 n/(cm2×s) was used for each energy group. This approach will help ‘designing’ and selecting the actual neutron spectrum that has the highest efficiency compared to alternatives. The study modelled Co-60 and Lu-177g production for each energy group. The kinetics was analyzed in the most efficient groups in terms of specific activity. The maximum specific activity for Co-60 is reached in group 17 and is equal to 1 kCi/g. For the scheme of Lu-177g production through Lu-176 the maximum specific activity is reached in group 26 and is equal to 58.5 kCi/g. For the scheme of Lu-177g production through Yb-176, the maximum specific activity is reached in group 17 and is equal to 260 Ci/g, advantageous for production are groups 15–17 and 26.
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Shaginyan, Ruben A., Valery V. Korobeinikov, and Viktor Yu. Stogov. "Study into the dependence of the Co-60 and Lu-177g production efficiency on the energy structure of neutron flux density." Nuclear Energy and Technology 9, no. (4) (2023): 281–87. https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.9.116662.
Full textAbstract:
At present, the existing approaches to production of artificial isotopes are mostly based on the development experience from previous years. This work aims to develop an algorithm for selecting the most effective irradiation modes for target materials. The study is based on sequential modeling of irradiation of target isotopes by neutrons of different 'single-group' fluxes at the same neutron flux density within each energy group (BNAB-93). In this study, a flux density equal to 2×1015 n/(cm2×s) was used for each energy group. This approach will help 'designing' and selecting the actual neutron spectrum that has the highest efficiency compared to alternatives. The study modelled Co-60 and Lu-177g production for each energy group. The kinetics was analyzed in the most efficient groups in terms of specific activity. The maximum specific activity for Co-60 is reached in group 17 and is equal to 1 kCi/g. For the scheme of Lu-177g production through Lu-176 the maximum specific activity is reached in group 26 and is equal to 58.5 kCi/g. For the scheme of Lu-177g production through Yb-176, the maximum specific activity is reached in group 17 and is equal to 260 Ci/g, advantageous for production are groups 15–17 and 26.
7
Kitchin, D., J. Bhiman, D. Mvududu, et al. "A1 The role of virus-antibody co-evolution in the development of a V3-glycan-directed HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody lineage." Virus Evolution 5, Supplement_1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ve/vez002.
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Abstract Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are essential for a preventative HIV-1 vaccine but have not been elicited through vaccination. bNAbs develop in 20–30 per cent of HIV-1 infections and often target the V3-glycan epitope of the HIV envelope protein (Env). In these individuals, virus-antibody co-evolution is thought to drive the maturation of antibody lineages to neutralization breadth. We used deep sequencing of env genes and antibody transcripts from fourteen time points spanning the first 3 years of infection to characterize the virus-antibody co-evolution in donor CAP255 who developed V3-glycan-specific bNAbs. Sequencing and cloning of env genes, followed by neutralization assays, were used to identify Env mutations associated with neutralization escape from two bNAbs (CAP255.G3 and CAP255.C5) isolated at 149 weeks post-infection (wpi). Sequencing data indicated that CAP255 was co-infected by three related viral variants, all of which had an intact N332 glycan, which persisted in > 90 per cent of later viruses. A recombinant V3-region became fixed from 8 wpi, conferring slight neutralization resistance to CAP255.G3/C5 and other V3-glycan bNAbs. Later, T415R/K substitutions in V4 emerged by 51 wpi and were associated with complete viral escape from CAP255.G3/C5, though not from the polyclonal plasma response. All 93-week and later Envs were resistant to CAP255.G3/C5 and V3-glycan bNAb PGT135. Viral escape by 51 wpi suggested that the CAP255 bNAbs arose earlier, driving escape, but persisted to 149 weeks. This was supported by preliminary deep sequencing of the antibody repertoire that indicated bNAb lineage members were already present in the plasma at 39 wpi. Escape from V3-glycan bNAbs via T415R/K mutations have not previously been shown, suggesting a novel mode of recognition within the V3-glycan supersite. Further work will focus on identifying the bNAb-initiating Env and intermediate bNAb lineage members that were capable of engaging contemporaneous Env neutralization escape mutants. Characterization of Envs that engaged bNAb precursors, as well as those that selected for broader members of the bNAb lineage, will inform the design of immunogens capable of eliciting V3-glycan bNAbs in a novel HIV-1 vaccine regimen.
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Mahomed, Sharana, Martin Beliveau, Roberto Heredia-Ortiz, et al. "Population pharmacokinetics of weight-based compared with fixed dosing of CAP256V2LS, a broadly neutralizing antibody for HIV prevention in women." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, June 3, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaf181.
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Abstract Introduction In the development of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bNAb) for HIV prevention, there is a need for simpler dosing strategies. This study assessed whether fixed dosing achieves comparable systemic bNAb concentrations to weight-based dosing across a range of weights. Methods The CAPRISA 012B trial was a first-in-human, Phase 1 dose-escalation study conducted in young, HIV-negative women (median age 25 years; IQR: 22–29) in South Africa, evaluating the subcutaneous administration of CAP256V2LS alone and in combination with VRC07-523LS. Weight-based dosing between 5 and 20 mg/kg was assessed. A fixed 1200 mg dose of CAP256V2LS and VRC07-523LS, administered alone or in combination, was evaluated in women weighing from 59.5 kg to 93.2 kg, with a median weight of 78.3 kg (IQR: 67.2–81.5). A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe and predict the concentration–time profiles of CAP256V2LS in participants. Model-based simulations then extended this analysis across a broader hypothetical weight range (34.2–119 kg). Results Model-based simulations revealed comparable exposure between the 1200 mg fixed-dose and the 20 mg/kg weight-based dosing regimens. Inter-individual variability in bioavailability and clearance was 0.212 and 0.019, respectively, and was consistent across both fixed-dose and weight-based dosing, regardless of the route of administration. Weight-based dosing of CAP256V2LS led to a mean wastage of 265.8 mg for the 5 mg/kg dose, 433.4 mg for the 10 mg/kg dose, and 324.2 mg for the 20 mg/kg dose. Conclusions For women weighing 60–93 kg, a fixed-dose of 1200 mg of CAP256V2LS produced similar adverse events and pharmacokinetic profiles as weight-based dosing. The fixed dose reduced variability in the plasma concentrations and product wastage compared with weight-based dosing.
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Julg, Boris, Kathryn E. Stephenson, Kshitij Wagh, et al. "Safety and antiviral activity of triple combination broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapy against HIV-1: a phase 1 clinical trial." Nature Medicine, May 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01815-1.
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AbstractHIV-1 therapy with single or dual broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) has shown viral escape, indicating that at least a triple bNAb therapy may be needed for robust suppression of viremia. We performed a two-part study consisting of a single-center, randomized, double-blind, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled first-in-human trial of the HIV-1 V2-glycan-specific antibody PGDM1400 alone or in combination with the V3-glycan-specific antibody PGT121 in 24 adults without HIV in part 1, as well as a multi-center, open-label trial of the combination of PGDM1400, PGT121 and the CD4-binding-site antibody VRC07-523LS in five viremic adults living with HIV not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in part 2 (NCT03205917). The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics for both parts and antiviral activity among viremic adults living with HIV and not on ART for part 2 of the study. The secondary endpoints were changes in CD4+ T cell counts and development of HIV-1 sequence variations associated with PGDM1400, PGT121 and VRC07-523LS resistance in part 2. Intravenously administered PGDM1400 was safe and well-tolerated at doses up to 30 mg kg−1 and when given in combination with PGT121 and VRC07-523LS. A single intravenous infusion of 20 mg kg−1 of each of the three antibodies reduced plasma HIV RNA levels in viremic individuals by a maximum mean of 2.04 log10 copies per ml; however, viral rebound occurred in all participants within a median of 20 days after nadir. Rebound viruses demonstrated partial to complete resistance to PGDM1400 and PGT121 in vitro, whereas susceptibility to VRC07-523LS was preserved. Viral rebound occurred despite mean VRC07-523LS serum concentrations of 93 µg ml−1. The trial met the pre-specified endpoints. Our data suggest that future bNAb combinations likely need to achieve broad antiviral activity, while also maintaining high serum concentrations, to mediate viral control.