Journal articles: 'Bo yin'

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Zhang, Mengzhe. "POLYPHONIC GENRES IN PIANO CREATIVITY OF CHINESE COMPOSERS." Aspects of Historical Musicology 24, no. 24 (October 13, 2021): 148–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-24.08.

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Statement of the problem. The twentieth century marked an increased interest in polyphonic music. The geography of polyphonic works for piano expanded significantly and a creative development of many Chinese composers, writing polyphonic piano pieces, took place. Today, polyphonic pieces make up a significant part of the piano repertoire in China, but they are little studied by musicologists and performers. The objective of this study – to reveal the contribution of Chinese composers to the creation of polyphonic piano repertoire of the XX – early XXI century. Analysis of the research and publications on the theme. А large number of modern authors study polyphony from the point of physical and mathematical research methods (Igarashi, Yu. & Ito, Masashi & Ito, Akinori, 2013; Weiwei, Zhang & Zhe, Chen, & Fuliang, Yin, 2016; Li, Xiaoquan et al. others, 2018). This approach does not reveal the factual musical component of polyphonic genres. In the 20th century, musicologists explored polyphony in musical folklore (Wiant, 1936; Fan Zuyin, 2004; Li Hong, 2015) and in professional Chinese composing (Sun Wei-bo, 2006, Winzenburg, 2018). The scientific novelty. This article studies the role of Chinese composers in the development of the world polyphonic piano repertoire of the XX – early XXI century. The methodological basis for the analysis of polyphonic works was the theoretical concepts of P. Hindemith, Peng Cheng, Fang Zuin, Li Hong, Sun Wei-bo. The results of the study. The research outcomes demonstrate the evolutionary development of the genre diversity of Chinese piano polyphony as well as those composers who created magnificent musical pieces. Conclusions. Chinese composers have fully mastered the art of modern counterpoint, represented by the genres of polyphonic program pieces (He Lu Ting), invention (Xiao Shu Xian, Du Qian, Sun Yun Yin, Chen Chen Quang), polyphonic suite (Ma Gui), large polyphonic cycle ( He Shao, Chen Hua Do, Xiao Shu Xian), fugue (Li Jun Yong, Yu Su Yan, Chen Gang, Tian Lei Lei, Duan Ping Tai, Zheng Zhong, Xiao Shu Xian) and small cycle “Prelude and Fugue” (Ding Shan Te, Chen Zhi Ming, Wang Li Shan). Creatively assimilating and rethinking the experience of Western polyphonists, Chinese composers have filled their polyphonic works with national features, firmly linking them with the origins of Chinese traditional and folk music. The polyphonic way of transmitting musical material becomes the most expressive at the moments of profound creativity and musical dramatization.

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Jinhuai, An. "2. The Shang City at Zhengzhou and Related Problems." Early China 9, S1 (1986): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800002893.

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ABSTRACTThe Zhengzhou Shang dynasty site is the location of an early Shang city, vast in area and abundant in archaeological remains, which was discovered by Chinese archaeologists in the middle and lower Yellow River basin during the early fifties. Within the site there is a Shang dynasty rammed-earth wall extending north-south in a rectangular shape and having a circumference of 6960 meters. These are the earliest Shang wall remains discovered to date.Based on the stratigraphy and vessel types discovered in the course of excavating the four sides of the wall, it is certain that this wall is slightly later than the late Erlitou period, and that construction on it began before the lower strata of the Shang Erligang period, the “Yin Ruins” at Anyang. The discovery of the Zhengzhou Shang site was definitely not accidental. It represents an important stage in the development of ancient Chinese rammed-earth wall architecture. The method of construction places it in a continuous line of development from the rammed-earth wall of the Henan area middle and late Longshan culture and the late Erlitou rammed-earth platform foundation to the rammed-earth foundations of the palaces of the Yin Ruins at Anyang.The grand scale of the Zhengzhou Shang wall, and the fact that inside and outside the wall were found palace foundations and workshops for the production of bronze, bone, and ceramic articles as well as numerous widespread storage pits, wells, ditches, house foundations, and tombs, and that many bronze, jade, primitive porcelain, pottery, stone, bone, and clamshell artifacts have been excavated here, including also some carved ivory pieces, pottery sculpture, and inscribed bones and pottery, lead us to conclude that the Zhengzhou Shang site was one of the early Shang capitals. Whether it is to be identified as Ao or Bo we cannot now say. In any case, the discovery and excavation of this site has supplied direct evidence of the greatest importance for the history of early Shang politics, economics, cultural, and military affairs.

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Park, Bok-Hee, and Ky-Hyoung Kim. "A Study of Motor Expertise about Kinematic and Kinetic Characteristics of Lower Extremity in the Seokmun Ilwol Martial Art Yin-yang Bo Gait Pattern." Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/kjsb.2014.24.3.239.

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Diyaljee, Vishnu. "Discussion of “New Model for Predicting Permanent Strain of Granular Materials in Embankment Subjected to Low Cyclic Loadings” by Wen-Bo Chen, Wei-Qiang Feng, Jian-Hua Yin, Jin-Miao Chen, Lalit Borana, and Ren-Peng Chen." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 147, no. 11 (November 2021): 07021026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002656.

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Chen, Wen-Bo, Wei-Qiang Feng, Jian-Hua Yin, Jin-Miao Chen, Lalit Borana, and Ren-Peng Chen. "Closure to “New Model for Predicting Permanent Strain of Granular Materials in Embankment Subjected to Low Cyclic Loadings” by Wen-Bo Chen, Wei-Qiang Feng, Jian-Hua Yin, Jin-Miao Chen, Lalit Borana, and Ren-Peng Chen." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 147, no. 11 (November 2021): 07021027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002657.

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WU, Peichen. "Traveling Japan, Writing Japan：The Translation and Publishing of the Travelogue Wareteki Nihon." Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2021.13.1.53.

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The travelogue Wareteki Nihon was published in December 2018 by Hakushui Sha, and included the work of eighteen Taiwanese writers from various generations. All their works in the text relate to their travels in Japan. These Taiwanese writers are Kan Yao-Ming, Ko Yu-fen, Huang Li-Chun, Wang Sheng-Hong, Jiang E, Chen Bo-Chin, Hu Mu-Ching, Sheng Hao-We, Chu He-Chih, Wu Ming-Yi, Lu Hui-Hsin, Yi Ge-Yan, Yen Shu-Hsia, and Liu Shu-Hui, whose works in this anthology depict Japanese scenery, culture and literature, and so on. This paper will focus on how this publishing project started, the process of producing this travelogue, and the evaluations and responses of Japan’s literary circle and the mass media to it after its publication in Japan.

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Zhao, Zhong-Zhen, Ya-Ni Hu, Yuk-Wo Wong, Wan-Chi Gigi Wong, Kim Wu, Zhi-Hong Jiang, and Tingguo Kang. "Application of microscopy in authentication of Chinese patent medicine—Bo Ying compound." Microscopy Research and Technique 67, no. 6 (2005): 305–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.20213.

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Akin, Cihan Erdost. "Making the revolution intelligible, rendering political imaginations unthinkable: A postcolonial reading of British and American media representations of Rojava." Kurdish Studies 8, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 313–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i2.521.

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Although the gendered media portrayal of female Kurdish fighters has drawn academic attention, the representation of the socio-political model of Rojava by the British and American media is often neglected. This paper surveys the British and American media to understand the kinds of opinions found in the media, the discursive means that make the Rojava model intelligible, and what is rendered either commonsensical or unimaginable. The Rojava project is framed as “a separatist rebellion”, “an experiment”, and “a genuine social revolution”. By excluding the anti-capitalist and ecological principles of Rojava, and either dismissing or romanticising its achievements, these discourses render an alternative to capitalism and the nation-state unthinkable, and reproduce Orientalist images of the region, thus serving capitalist and imperialist interests. This study suggests that we should pay more attention to socio-political imaginations and representations of non-state paradigms in order to understand the hegemony of the state. Abstract in Kurmanji Fehmbarkirina şoreşê, pêşkêşkirina nemumkiniya tesewira polîtîk: Xwendineke postkolonyal a temsîlên Rojava di medyaya Brîtanya û Amerîkayê de Li hember teswîra zayendî ya şervanên kurd ên jin ku gelek bala akademiyê kişandiye, temsîla modela sosyo-polîtîk a Rojava ji teref medyaya brîtanyayî û emerîkî ve pirî caran hate paşguhkirin. Ev nivîs li medyaya brîtanyayî û emerîkî dinêre da ku cureyên fikrên di medyayê de, amûrên vegotinê yên ku modela Rojavayê fehmbar dikin vebikole û fehm bike ka çi û çiqas beraqil an jî nexeyalbar tê pêşkêşkirin. Projeya Rojava, weke “serhildaneke cudaxwaz”, “ceribandek” û “şoreşeke civakî ya resen” tê resmkirin. Bi derkirina prensîbên dij-kapîtalîst û ekolojîk yên Rojava û bi paşguhkirin an jî romantîzekirina destkeftên wê, ev dîskûr nemumkiniya alternatîfa kapîtalîzmê û netewe-dewletê îfade dikin û wêneyekî Oryantalîst ya herêmê diafirînin ku xizmeta berjewendiyên kapîtalîst û emperyalîst dike. Ev xebat pêşniyar dike ku divê em bêtir bala xwe bidin tesewirên sosyo-polîtîk û temsîlên paradîgmaya ne-dewlet ji bo fehmkirina hegemonyaya dewletê. Abstract in Sorani Be têgeyandin kirdnî şorrş, bê mana kirdnî endêşe syasîyekan: Xwêndneweyekî postkolonyalaney wênakirdnî mîdyay berîtanî û emrîkî bo rojawa Egerçî wêne mîdyayye cênderekanî jne şervanekanî kurd sernicî ekadîmîyekanî rakêşawe, zorcar wênakirdnî modêlî syasî-cvakî rojava lelayen mîdyay berîtanî û emrîkayewe feramoşkrawe. Bo têgeyîştin lew bîruboçunaney le mîdyakanda bedî dekrêt, em babete rumallêkî mîdyay berîtanî û emrîkî dekat, amraze gutarîyekan ke modêlî rojava bê mana deken û yan wek ştêkî asayî yan xeyallî dexrête rû . Projey rojava xrawete çwarçîwey “yaxîbunêkî cudaxwazî”, “ezmunêk” we “şorşêkî rasteqîney komellayetî”. Be wedernanî bnema dje-sermayedarî û îkolojîyekanî rojava, we yan be nadîdekirdin û romantîkirdnî deskewtekan, em gutarane bedîlêk bo sermayedarî û dewllet-netewe dexate derewey bîrkirdnewe. Em twêjîneweye pêşnyar dekat ke bo ewey le hejmûnî dewllet têbgeyn, pêwîste bayexî zyatir be endêşey syasî-cvakî û nwênerayetîkrinî paradaymî nadewlletî bdeyn. Abstract in Zazaki Şoreşî dayîşfehmkerdiş, fikranê sîyasîyan nêdayîşfikirîyayîş: Medyaya Brîtanya û Amerîka de temsîlê Rojawanî ser o wendişêko postkolonîyalîst Herçiqas ke nawitişê medyaya cinsîyetperwere de rolê şêrvananê cinîkanê kurdan bala akademîkan ante, modelê komel û sîyasetê Rojawanî zafê reyan hetê medyaya Brîtanya û Amerîka ra peygoş bî. Na meqale qayîtê medyaya Brîtanya û Amerîka kena ke wina tede qeneatê ci yê cîya-cîyayî, usûlê munaqeşeyî yê îzahkerdişê modelê Rojawanî û çîyê bimantiqkerde yan zî nefikrbarî fehm bibê. Projeyê Rojawanî sey “serewedaritişo cîyaker”, “ceribnayîş” û “şoreşê komelî yo raştikên” name beno. Bi îhmalkerdişê prensîpanê Rojawanî yê antîkapîtalîst û ekolojîkan û bi redkerdiş yan zî romantîzekerdişê serkewtişanê ci, nê munaqeşeyî alternatîfê kapîtalîzm û dewleta netewe nêdanê fikirîyayene. Wina herêm ra resimo oryantalîst yeno xêzkerdene ke menfeatanê kapîtalîst û emperyalîstan rê fayde dano. No cigêrayîş pêşnîyaz keno ke ma hîna zaf bala xo bidîme fikranê komelkî û sîyasîyan û estbîyayîşê paradîgmayanê nedewlete ser ke bandura dewlete fehm bikerîme.

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Ọlátúnjí, Ọlátúndé. "Ògún: Bí a ṣe Fi Hàn Nínú Lítíréṣọ ̀." Yoruba Studies Review 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v6i1.130106.

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Ìtàn àbàláyé àwa Yorùbá sọ fún wa pé ògún ló ṣaájú gbogbo àwọn òrìsà yòókù nígbà tí wó n ń ti ìko ̣ ̀ lé o ̣ ̀ run bo ̣ ̀ wáyé. Òun ló ní àdá ti ó fi gán o ̣ ̀ nà ti ̣ gbogbo wó n gbà. Nítorí ìdí èyí, gbogbo àwọn irúnmale ̣ ̀ náà pẹnu po ̣ ̀ láti yan ̣ Ògún ni ọṣìnmalè , èyí ni olórí àwọn ìmọle ̣ ̀ , nígbà tí wo ̣ ́ n dé Ilé-Ife ̣ ̀ . Ṣùgbo ̣ ́ n ̣ ògún kò rójú jókòó sojú kan láti jẹ ọlá ti a dá a nítorí ìgbé ayé líle ti ó ti mó ọ ̣ lára àti iṣé ọdẹ tí ó ń ṣe. A gbo ̣ ́ pé èyí ló gbé Ògún de Ìrè. Nígbà ti yóò so ̣ ̀ kale ̣ ̀ ̣ láti orí òkè wọ ìlú Ìrè, kòṣẹ ni: Ọjó ògún ń ti orí òkèe bo ̣ ̀ ̣ Aṣọ iná ló mú bora Èwù e ̣ ̀ jẹ ̀ ló wo ̣ ̀ .

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Şengül, Ceren. "Constructing Kurdishness in Turkey: Passive exposure as a boundary marker." Kurdish Studies 10, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v10i1.579.

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This article discusses the under-researched sonic aspect of belonging to Kurdishness in Turkey: listening to or hearing the language, so-called passive exposure, without necessarily speaking it. Drawing on ethnographic, in-depth interviews and participant observation across five different field sites in Turkey, this article illustrates that in Turkey, where the public space for Kurdish soundscape is limited, passive exposure to the Kurdish language within family environments acts as major means of transmission of belonging. This discussion contributes to the literature on boundary-making by illustrating that the absence of passive exposure hinders some of the means of boundary-making such as self-ascription. Abstract in Kurmanji Avakirina Kurdîniyê li Tirkiyeyê: Merûziya pasîf wekî nîşaneke sînorê Ev gotar hêla dengî ya aîdiyeta Kurdîniyê li Tirkiyeyê, ya kêm-lêkolînkirî nîqaş dike: guhdarîkirin an bihîstina zimên, ango merûziya pasîf, bêyî şertê axaftina bi wî zimanî. Li gor hevdîtinên kûr ên etnografîk û çavdêrîkirina beşdarî ya li 5 qadên cuda yên li Tirkiyeyê, ev gotar nîşan dide ku dema qadên giştî ji bo derdora dengî ya kurdî bisînor bin, merûziya pasîf a zimanê kurdî di nav derdorên malbatî de dibe rêya sereke ya raguhastina aîdiyetê. Ev nîqaş tevkariya edebiyata li ser çêkirina-sînoran dike bi nîşandana wê yekê ku nebûna merûziya pasîf dibe asteng ji bo hin rêyên çêkirina-sînoran; bo nimûne, ji bo xwe-lêbarkirinê. Abstract in Zazaki Tirkîya de Awankerdişê Kurdbîyayîşî: Marûzîya Pasîfe Sey Nîşanê Sînoran No nuşte cîhetê vengî yê Tirkîya de kurdbîyayîşî yo ke bes cigêrayîş nêdîyo, ey ser o vindeno: marûzîya pasîfe, yanî bê ke merdim yew ziwan qisey bikero, la ê ziwanî biheşno yan goşdarî bikero. Bi roportajanê xorînanê etnografîkan û panc waranê Tirkîya yê cîya-cîyayan de nîyadarîya beşdaran ra, na meqale musnena ke rayapêroyîya Tirkîya de ke tede manzaraya vengî ya kurdkî sînorkerdî ya, uca dorûverê keyeyan de ziwanê kurdkî rê bi hewayêko pasîf marûzbîyayîş beno wasitaya weşanê endamîya komelî ya bingeyêne. Na munaqeşeya ke kemerêk nana ro lîteraturê sînorronayîşî ser, nawnena ke eke marûzîya pasîfe çin bo, tayê îmkanê sînorronayîşî, sey xotedehesibnayîşî, asteng benê. Abstract in Sorani Available in print and PDF versions.

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Romano, David. "Sub-state actors and foreign policy risk-taking: The Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq." Kurdish Studies 8, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 339–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i2.533.

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The analysis presented here offers a possible framework for understanding when sub-state actors behave prudently and more strategically in their foreign relations, and when other priorities might instead heighten the chances of seemingly irrational, erratic, or dangerous, foreign policies. Using a case study of the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq to illustrate the argument, the author attempts to show how “regime consolidation” plays a key role in allowing such actors to prioritise policies aimed at grappling with external challenges, threats and opportunities. Internally legitimate, consolidated regimes can better present “one face” to the outside world and behave more strategically in the international arena. Political systems lacking consolidation or internal legitimacy, in contrast, turn to the external environment in search of resources to help them with domestic threats and challenges. This may lead to seemingly erratic, unpredictable and risky foreign policies on their part. Abstract in Kurmanji Aktorên bin-dewletî û girtina rîskên siyaseta derve: Hikûmeta Herêma Kurdistanê ya Iraqê Analîza ku li vir hatiye pêşkêşkirin çarçoveyeke muhtemel ji bo fehmkirina demên ku aktorên bin-dewletî di têkiliyên xwe yên derve de bi hişyarî û stratejîk tevdigerin û demên di dewsê de pêşkiyên din şansên siyaseta derve yên xeternak, guherbar û îrrasyonel didine ber xwe. Bi bikaranîna mînaka Hikûmeta Herêma Kurdistanê ya Iraqê nivîskar hewl dide ku nîşan bide ka çawa “xurtkirina rejîmê” roleke serekî dilîze di destûrdana van aktoran de ku pêşekiyê bidin polîtîkayên ku bi dijwarî, tehdît û talûkeyên derve bigre. Rejîmên di hundir de meşrû û xurt dikarin baştir “rûyekî” nîşanê cîhana derve bidin û di qada navneteweyî de bêhtir stratejîk tevbigerin. Lê belê sîstemên siyasî yên ne xurt û di hundir de ne meşrû jî berê xwe didin derdora derve di lêgerîna çavkaniyan de da ku alîkariya wan bikin ji bo talûke û zehmetiyên hundirîn. Ev dikare bibe sedem ku ew polîtîkayên derveyî yên birîsk, netexmînbar û hevnegir ên berçav bigrin ji aliyê xwe ve. Abstract in Sorani Ektere dewllete lawekeyyekan û xoleqerey metrisî danî syasetî derewe: hkumetî herêmî kurdistanî ‘êrraq Ew şîkaryaney lêreda amadekrawn , çwarçêweyekî guncaw pêşkeş dekat bo têgeyiştin lewey le katêkda ektere dewllete lawekîyekan beşêweyekî wiryayane û sitratîjyanetir le peywendîyekanî derewey xoyanda hellsukewt deken, we katêkîş ewlewîyetekanî tir renge şansî ewey le rukeşda wek syasetî derekî na'eqllanî, namo, yan trisnak derdekewêt berizbkatewe. Hkumetî herêmî kurdistanî 'êraq wek keysî twêjînewe bekarhatuwe bo rûnkirdnewey ew argumêntey ke nûser hewll dedat nîşanî bdat çon “ptewkirdnî rjêm” rollêkî serekî debînêt le rêgedan bew core ekterane bo ewey ew syasetane bkate ewlewîyet ke amanc lêy berberekanêy allingarîy û hereşe û derfete drekîyekane. Ew rjêmaney ke şer'îyetî nawxoyyan heye û çespawn baştir detwanin “yek rûîy” pîşanî dinyay derewe bken û le meydanî nêwdewlletîşda sitratîjyanetir hellsukewt bken. Bepêçewanewe, ew sîsteme syasyaney ke neçespawn û şer'îyetî nawxoyyan kurtidênêt, le gerran bedway serçawekanda rû le jîngey derekî deken bo ewey yarmetîyan bda le herreşe û allingarîye nawxoyyekan. Eme lewaneye wabkat ke ew syasete derekîyaney ke be namo, pêşbînî nekraw û metrisîdar derdekewn le terefî ewanewe bêt. Abstract in Zazaki Faîlê bindewletkî û rîskgêrîya sîyasetê teberî: Hukmatê Herêmê Kurdîstanî yê Îraqî No analîzê tîyayî seba fehmkerdişê wextê ke faîlê bindewletkîyî têkilîyanê xo yê teberî de bitedbîr û hîna zaf stratejîk hereket kenê û wexto ke herinda ci de prîorîteyê bînî asayîş ra gore îhtîmalê polîtîkayanê teberî yê bêmantiq, bêqerar yan zî xeternakan kenê zêde, ci rê çarçewayêka potansîyele pêşkêş keno. Bi xebata nimûneyî yê Hukmatê Herêmê Kurdîstanî yê Îraqî no arguman nîşan dîyeno. Nuştox wazeno bimusno ke “konsolîdasyonê rejîmî” senî rolêko sereke gêno ke tede kerdoxanê winasîyan rê destûr dîyeno ke polîtîkayanê xo yê çareserkerdişê zehmetî, tehdîd û îmkananê teberî prîorîtîze bikerê. Eke zere de meşrû yê, rejîmê kondolîdekerdeyî eşkenê xo bi “yew rî” teber rê bimusnê û sahneya mîyanneteweyîye de hîna zaf stratejîk hereket bikerê. Heto bîn ra, sîstemê sîyasîyî ke tede konsolîdasyon yan zî meşrûîyetê zereyî çin ê, ê xo çarnenê dorûverê xo yê teberî ke seba helkerdişê tehdîd û zehmetîyanê zereyî ro çimeyan bigêre. No seba înan beno ke bibo sebebê polîtîkayanê teberî yê bêqerar, nevervînbar û rîzîkodaran.

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Rafaat, Aram. "The shaky foundations of the 1926 annexation of Southern Kurdistan to Iraq." Kurdish Studies 6, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v6i2.457.

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Between 1921 and 1925, the Kurds of Southern Kurdistan participated in three main political ‎processes in Iraq. These processes were the election of Faisal Ibn Hussein as the King of Iraq ‎in 1921, the election of the Iraqi Constituent Assembly in 1924, and the Mosul Province ‎referendum organised by the League of Nations in 1925. The British used the Kurds’ ‎participation as a foundation for the annexation of Southern Kurdistan to Iraq. However, this ‎article argues that these three processes cannot be considered as legitimate foundations as the ‎majority of Kurds voted against these processes or were excluded from participation. ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIBingehên lawaz ên îlhaqa Kurdistana başûr bi ser Iraqê ve li sala 1926anDi navbera salên 1921 û 1925an de li Iraqê, kurdên başûrê Kurdistanê tevlî sê prosesên siyasî yên sereke bûn. Yek ji van prosesan hilbijartina Faysal ibn Huseyin wek qralê Iraqê bû li sala 1921an, yek hilbijartina Meclisa Avakar a Iraqê bû li sala 1924an, û referandûma wilayeta Mûsilê bû ku sala 1925an ji hêla Cemiyeta Neteweyan ve hatibû encamdan. Brîtanyayê tevlîbûna kurdan wek bingehek bi kar anî ji bo îlhaqa başûrê Kurdistanê bi ser Iraqê ve. Lê belê, îddiaya vê gotarê ew e ku ev her sê proses nabin wek bingehên rewa bêne qebûlkirin ji ber ku piraniya kurdan reya xwe li dijî van prosesan dan an jî rê li ber beşdariya wan hate girtin. ABSTRACT IN SORANIBinema lerzokekanî likandinî başûrî Kurdistan be 'Êraqewe le 1926 daLe nêwan 1921 ta 1925 da, kurdekanî başûrî Kurdistan le sê proseyî siyasîy serekî le 'Êraq da beşdarîyan kird. Ew sê proseyeş brîtîbûn le hellbijardinî Feyselî kurî Husên wek padşayî 'Êraq le 1921, hellbijardin bo Encumenî Damezrênerî 'Êraqî le 1925, we rîfrandomî wîlayetî Mûsill ke le layen Komelleyî Gelan le 1925 da rêk xira. Berîtanya em beşdarîkirdiney kurdî wek binema bo likandinî başurî Kurdistan be 'Êraqewe be kar hêna. Bellam, em babete argumêntî ewe dekat ke em sê proseye nakrêt wek binemay şer'î bo likandinî başurî Kurdistan be 'Êraqewe hejmar bikrên çunke zorîney kurd dengiyan le dijî ew sê proseye da yan bêbeş kiran le beşdarîkirdin.

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Li, Huihui, Yajing Chi, Sha Yin, Bo Yu, Mu Su, Baoxuan Zhang, Ling Qiang, et al. "Abstract P1-08-27: Dynamic monitoring of circulating tumor DNA can predict chemotherapy response and prognosis in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P1–08–27—P1–08–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p1-08-27.

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Abstract Background: Chemotherapy is the main treatment for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC). However, mTNBC patients (pts) is often associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. Biomarkers that can effectively predict the efficacy of chemotherapy for mTNBC are currently lacking. Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in plasma by liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive and highly sensitive method, which has been wildly used in the clinic and plays an important role in tumor diagnosis, efficacy evaluation, residual and recurrent tumor detection, etc. But yet, the clinical application of ctDNA in mTNBC remains relatively scarce. Here, for the first time, we set to explore the possibility of ctDNA as a biomarker for predicting chemotherapy response and prognosis in mTNBC.Methods: From May 2018 to October 2020, 38 mTNBC pts who received less than 3rd line standard chemotherapy were prospectively included. Tumor tissues were obtained prior chemotherapy, and plasma for ctDNA were collected at baseline, a day before the 3rd cycle chemotherapy and at disease progression. Next-generation sequencing (NGS,457 genes panel) was performed on all samples for mutation detection. And the ctDNA fraction, maximum variant allele frequency (max-VAF), tumor mutation burden (TMB) and other variate were calculated, further combined with clinical data, chemotherapy response and survival of pts for statistical analysis.Results: Finally, 109 blood samples and 13 tissue samples were detected by NGS. A total of 214 mutation genes and 397 mutation sites were detected. The mutation types included missense mutation, nonsense mutation, non-/frameshift insertion, non-/frameshift deletion, non-/frameshift substitution, splicing mutation and so on. The genes with the top 5 mutation frequencies were TP53 (32/38, 84.21%), PIK3CA (14/38, 36.84%), KMT2C (8/38, 21.05%), PTEN (6/38, 15.79%), NOTCH4 (6/38, 15.79%), respectively. The same variants were identified in 12 of 13 pts in paired plasma and tissue, with a concordance rate of 92.3%. The mutation rate in plasma ctDNA was significantly lower than that in tissues (15.26% ± 12.52% vs. 28.88 ± 16.54%, P < 0.001) but was still positively correlated with that in tissues (r = 0.306, P = 0.049). The median progression-free survival (mPFS) of pts with GNAS mutation was shorter than GNAS wild-type pts (3.000 vs. 6.100 months, P = 0.014). The area under curve of ctDNA fraction (0.812, P = 0.043), max-VAF (0.817, P = 0.043) and TMB (plasma) (0.759, P = 0.053) in predicting chemotherapy resistance or disease progression were larger than CEA (0.491, P = 0.888), CA125 (0.574, P = 0.243) and CA153 (0.482, P = 0.778). CtDNA fraction (r = 0.482, P < 0.001), max-VAF (r = 0.489, P < 0.001), TMB (plasma). (r = 0.419, P < 0.001) were correlated with chemotherapy response measured by RECIST v1.1 in CT imaging, while CEA (r = -0.024, P = 0.808), CA125 (r = 0.111, P = 0.266) and CA153 (r = -0.017, P = 0.865) had no correlation with chemotherapy response. The mPFS of pts with ctDNA fraction ≤ 50% or max-VAF ≤ 0.4 at baseline was significantly longer than that of pts with ctDNA fraction > 50% (6.100 vs. 3.430 months, P = 0.006) or max-VAF > 0.4 (6.100 vs. 3.430 months, P = 0.047). The elimination of mutations or the decrease of mutation rate in plasma ctDNA after 2 cycles of chemotherapy showed better chemotherapy response, while recurrence of mutations, increase of mutation rate and emergence of new mutations showed chemotherapy resistance.Conclusions: Mutations in tumor tissues and plasma ctDNA of mTNBC pts detected by NGS have high consistency. And compared with CT imaging and traditional tumor markers, dynamic monitoring ctDNA can more aptly reflect the change of whole-body tumor burden, better predict the chemotherapy response and prognosis in mTNBC. Citation Format: Huihui Li, Yajing Chi, Sha Yin, Bo Yu, Mu Su, Baoxuan Zhang, Ling Qiang, Guohua Ren, Lihua Song, Bing Bu, Shu Fang, Mao Shang, Qiaorui Tan, Xiaochu Man. Dynamic monitoring of circulating tumor DNA can predict chemotherapy response and prognosis in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-27.

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熊, 力锋. "From the Political and Military Point of View, the Location of “Zheng Bo Ke Duan” in “Yan”." Chinese Traditional Culture 10, no. 02 (2022): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/cnc.2022.102008.

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Ye, Xiao. "Traditional Chinese medicine in the UK in the past forty years: an interview with Professor Bo-ying Ma." Journal of Integrative Medicine 14, no. 2 (March 2016): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60234-0.

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Radojcic, Vedran, Ryan P. Flynn, Jooho Chung, Jing Du, Eric Perkey, Katelyn Paz, Michael Zaiken, et al. "Notch Signaling Mediated By Dll1/4 Notch Ligands Controls the Pathogenesis of Both Multi-Organ System Non-Sclerodermatous and Sclerodermatous Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.805.805.

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Abstract Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) with limited success of current therapeutic options. We have shown that Notch inhibition in donor T cells or systemic neutralization of the Notch ligands Delta-like1 and Delta-like4 (Dll1/4) prevents acute GVHD in multiple mouse allo-HCT models (Zhang et al., Blood 2011; Sandy et al., J Immunol 2013; Tran et al., JCI 2013). However, the role of Notch signaling in cGVHD remains unknown. To address this question, we used genetic and antibody-mediated strategies of Notch inhibition in two established and pathophysiologically distinct mouse models of cGVHD characterized by dominance of sclerodermatous changes (Scl) or non-Scl multi-organ system disease that includes bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), respectively. In the B10.D2→BALB/c MHC-matched, minor antigen mismatched model of Scl-cGVHD, transgenic expression of the pan-Notch inhibitor DNMAML in T cells induced high level protection from cGVHD as assessed using clinical and pathological scoring criteria. Systemic antibody-mediated blockade of Dll1/4 Notch ligands prevented cGVHD when given early after allo-HCT, with dominant effects of Dll4 inhibition alone. However, Dll4 blockade provided no therapeutic benefits if delayed by 48 hours after allo-HCT or when targeting fully established Scl-cGVHD, suggesting that Dll4-mediated Notch signals are critical in this model when delivered to T cells early after allo-HCT. To understand the impact of Notch inhibition during priming of alloantigen-specific T cells, we studied immunodominant Vβ3+CD4+ T cells that expand in response to a host superantigen encoded by Mtv6 in BALB/c recipients. Both control and Notch-inhibited Vβ3+CD4+ T cells upregulated activation markers and expanded to comprise >80% of donor T cells in lymphoid and target organs by day 6. However, Notch inhibition markedly decreased IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17 production in these cells, while expanding Vβ3+CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Thus, Notch inhibition preserved in vivo T cell proliferation and expansion, but tilted the balance in favor of alloantigen-specific regulatory T cells over highly inflammatory effector T cells. In the B6→B10.BR MHC-mismatched model of allo-HCT, characterized by prominent germinal center (GC) responses and BO-cGVHD, genetic pan-Notch inhibition in T cells with DNMAML blocked GC formation and provided long-lasting high level protection from BO, as assessed using pulmonary function tests to measure resistance, elastance and compliance, as well as pathological examination (day 56 after allo-HCT). Flow cytometric evaluation showed that follicular helper T cells (CD4+PD-1hiCXCR5+) and cells with a GC B cell phenotype (CD19+GL7+CD95hi) were markedly decreased in numbers. Genetic deletion of Notch1 or Notch2 in donor T cells also prevented the immunological manifestations of cGVHD. Antibody-mediated blockade of the Notch ligands Dll1, Dll4, or both in the peri-transplant period protected recipients from BO-cGVHD. In contrast to our observations in Scl-cGVHD, delayed Dll1/4 blockade starting at day 28 after allo-HCT preserved pulmonary function, decreased GC formation and alloantibody deposition in target tissues, and ameliorated BO-cGVHD. Thus, Dll1/4 inhibition could provide therapeutic benefits even in established BO-cGVHD. Altogether, we identified a key role for early Notch signals in alloantigen-specific T cells that define subsequent cGVHD pathogenesis. Interference with Notch signaling early after allo-HCT provided long-lasting protection from cGVHD. In addition, our observations in the multi-organ system BO-cGVHD model suggest a therapeutic potential for delayed inhibition of Dll1 or Dll4 Notch ligands in an active disease setting driven by alloantibody formation. Our preclinical data suggest that Notch signaling should be explored as a novel druggable target to prevent or treat different forms of cGVHD. Disclosures Yan: Genentech, Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership. Siebel:Genentech Inc.: Employment, Equity Ownership.

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Pohl, Jonathan Otto. "Kurds in the USSR, 1917-1956." Kurdish Studies 5, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v5i2.442.

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Soviet policy towards its Kurds fluctuated and remained fragmented, ambivalent, and inconsistent throughout the existence of the USSR. On one hand, the Soviet government provided for the material and cultural development of Kurds in Armenia and Azerbaijan during the 1920s and 1930s. On the other hand, in 1937 it deported a number of Kurds from Azerbaijan and in 1944 an even larger number from Georgia to Kazakhstan and Central Asia as special settlers. The Soviet government only freed Kurdish special settlers from the legal restrictions limiting their movement and other rights in April 1956. Former Kurdish special settlers, however, could not return to the Caucasus. The Kurds remained a diaspora group in the USSR without any national territory and only limited cultural institutions. Only in the late 1980s did this situation change.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIKurd li Yekîtiya Komarên Sosyalîst ên Sovyetan ji 1917 heta 1956Siyaseta Sovyetan beramber kurdên xwe, di hemû tarîxa YKSS de, pir caran guherî û hergav pirserî, xumam û nelihev bû. Li milekî, salên 1920an û 1930yan, dewleta Sovyetê îmkan dabîn kirin ji bo pêşketina çandî û samanî ya kurdên Ermenistan û Azerbeycanê. Li milê din, heman dewletê sala 1937an hejmareke kurdên Azerbeycanê û sala 1944an jî hejmareke pir mezintir a kurdên Gurcistanê wek muhacirên taybet şandine Qazaxistan û Asyaya Navendî. Dewleta Sovyetê şertên taybet ên li ser kurdên muhacir, yên ku bo nimûne nedihêlan ew ji cihekî biçin cihên din, bes di nîsana 1956an de rakirin. Lê belê, muhacirên kurd ên destê pêşiyê nekarîn bizivirine Qefqazyayê. Kurd li YKSS wek cemaeteke diasporayê veman bêyî ti erdekî xwe yê neteweyî û bi tenê bi hindek dezgehên çandî. Bi tenê salên dawî yên 1980an ev rewş guherî. ABSTRACT IN SORANIKurd le Yekyetî Sovîyet 1917 ta 1956Siyasetî Yekîyetî Sovyet le beramber Kurdekanî xoyda berz û nizmî be xoyewe bînîwe û le hemû temenî Yekîyetî Sovîyetda be şêweyekî natewaw, rarrayî û neguncaw mayewe. Le layenêkewe, ḧikumetî Yekîyetî Sovîyet, le nêwan sallekanî 1920 û 1930ekan, helumercî bo geşey binerretî û kultûrîy Kurdekan le Ermeniya û Azerbaycan rexisand. Le layenêkî tirewe, le sallî 1937 jimareyek le Kurdekanî le Azerbaycan derkird û tenanet le sallî 1944 jimareyekî zor ziyatir lewanî, wekû koçerî taybet, le Corciyawe rewaney Qezaxistan û Asyay Nawendî kird. Tenya le aprîlî 1956da, ḧikumetî Yekîyetî Sovîyet berbende yasayîyekanî le ser azadî hatûçû û mafekanî tirî em koçere taybetane hellweşandewe. Bellam, ew kurdaney ke pêştir kirabûn be koçer yan nêştecêy taybet boyan nebû bigerrênewe bo nawçey Qefqaz. Kurdekan wekû grupêkî diyaspora le Yekîyetî Sovîyetda manewe, bê ewey herêmêkî nîştimanîyan hebê û tenya çend enistîtoyekî kultûrîy sinûrdaryan pê dra. Tenya le kotayî heştakanî sedey bîstemda doxeke gorrankarî beserda hat.

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Kelly, David. "Chinese Democracy and the Crisis of 1989: Chinese and American Reflections.Roger V. Des Forges, Luo Ning , Wu Yen-bo." Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 33 (January 1995): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2950099.

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Frenkel, Alexander L., and David Halpern. "Surfactant and gravity dependent instability of two-layer Couette flows and its nonlinear saturation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 826 (August 3, 2017): 158–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.423.

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A horizontal channel flow of two immiscible fluid layers with different densities, viscosities and thicknesses, subject to vertical gravitational forces and with an insoluble surfactant monolayer present at the interface, is investigated. The base Couette flow is driven by the uniform horizontal motion of the channel walls. Linear and nonlinear stages of the (inertialess) surfactant and gravity dependent long-wave instability are studied using the lubrication approximation, which leads to a system of coupled nonlinear evolution equations for the interface and surfactant disturbances. The (inertialess) instability is a combined result of the surfactant action characterized by the Marangoni number $Ma$ and the gravitational effect corresponding to the Bond number $Bo$ that ranges from $-\infty$ to $\infty$. The other parameters are the top-to-bottom thickness ratio $n$, which is restricted to $n\geqslant 1$ by a reference frame choice, the top-to-bottom viscosity ratio $m$ and the base shear rate $s$. The linear stability is determined by an eigenvalue problem for the normal modes, where the complex eigenvalues (determining growth rates and phase velocities) and eigenfunctions (the amplitudes of disturbances of the interface, surfactant, velocities and pressures) are found analytically by using the smallness of the wavenumber. For each wavenumber, there are two active normal modes, called the surfactant and the robust modes. The robust mode is unstable when $Bo/Ma$ falls below a certain value dependent on $m$ and $n$. The surfactant branch has instability for $m<1$, and any $Bo$, although the range of unstable wavenumbers decreases as the stabilizing effect of gravity represented by $Bo$ increases. Thus, for certain parametric ranges, even arbitrarily strong gravity cannot completely stabilize the flow. The correlations of vorticity-thickness phase differences with instability, present when gravitational effects are neglected, are found to break down when gravity is important. The physical mechanisms of instability for the two modes are explained with vorticity playing no role in them. This is in marked contrast to the dynamical role of vorticity in the mechanism of the well-known Yih instability due to effects of inertia, and is contrary to some earlier literature. Unlike the semi-infinite case that we previously studied, a small-amplitude saturation of the surfactant instability is possible in the absence of gravity. For certain $(m,n)$-ranges, the interface deflection is governed by a decoupled Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation, which provides a source term for a linear convection–diffusion equation governing the surfactant concentration. When the diffusion term is negligible, this surfactant equation has an analytic solution which is consistent with the full numerics. Just like the interface, the surfactant wave is chaotic, but the ratio of the two waves turns out to be constant.

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Hayhoe, Ruth. "Adult Higher Education: A Case Study on the Workers' Colleges in the People's Republic of China. Yu Bo , Xu Hong Yan." Comparative Education Review 33, no. 3 (August 1989): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/446872.

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Yilmaz, Birgul. "Language Attitudes and Religion: Kurdish Alevis in the UK." Kurdish Studies 8, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 133–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i1.512.

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In this article, I report on results of a Matched Guise Tests (MGT) study investigating attitudes towards Bohtan (BHKr) and Maraş Kurmanji (MRKr) spoken among the UK diaspora. I focus on BHKr, which I use to refer to the Kurmanji that is identified as “good Kurmanji”, also referred to as “academic”/ “proper”, and MRKr to refer to the Kurmanji that is referred to as “bad Kurmanji” by Kurmanji speakers in the UK. The MGT, and questions pertaining to perceptual dialectology such as respondents’ perceptions of region, religion, gender and class in this study, show that attitudes towards what is perceived as BHKr and MRKr differ significantly. By concentrating on language attitudes towards Kurmanji which have never been studied in the UK context before, this paper investigates negative and positive evaluations of both BHKr and MRKr in relation to religious affiliation. Abstract In Kurmanji Helwêstên zimanî û dîn: Kurdên elewî li Ingiltereyê Di vê gotarê de encamên taqîkirineke bi rêya testa "matched guise" li ser helwêstên beramber kurmanciya Botan û ya Mereşê li nav endamên diasporaya Ingiltereyê hatine pêşkêşkirin. Her du devokên kurmanciyê yên Botan û Mereşê hatine nirxandin, ku li nav axêverên kurmanciyê li Ilgiltereyê (Yilmaz, 2018) devoka Botan li beramber "kurmanciya baş" an jî "akademîk" tê danîn û kurmanciya Mereşê jî wek "kurmanciya xerab" tê danîn. Testê û pirsyarên li ser devoknasiya sehkî (perceptual dialectology), wek seh û nezera beşdaran li ser dever, dîn, cinsiyet û çînê di vê xebatê de nîşan didin ku sehên axêveran derheq kurmanciya Botan û Mereşê bi rengekî girîng ji hev cuda ne. Bi rêya hûrbûna li ser helwêstên zimanî beramber kurmanciyê, ku heta niha qet nehatiye vekolîn li Ilgiltereyê, ev gotar berê xwe dide tehlîla nirxandinên erênî û nerênî yên li ser devokên Botan û Mereşê di warê aîdiyeta dînî de. Abstract in Sorani Hellwêstî zmanî û ayîn: 'Elewîye Kurdekan le Şanşîne Yekgirtuwekan Lem wtareda ew twêjîneweye radegeyenim ke ‏Matched Guise Testis ‎‏ ‏‎(MiGT) ‎î bo lêkollînewe le ‏hellwêstî Kurmancî ‏axêwerekanî Bohtan ‏‎(BiHKir)‎‏ we Maraş ‏‎(MiRKir) ‎‏ le naw dayesporay ‏şanşîne yekgirtuwekanda. ‏Min terkîzm xistote ser (‏‎(BiHKir‎, bo amaje dan bew kirmancaney ‏bekardênim ke be "kurmancî ‏baş" nasrawn, herweha wek "ekadîmî"/"lebar" amajeyan ‏pêdrawe, we ‏‎(MiRKir)‎‏ bo ew kurmancaney ke be ‏‏"kurmancî xrap" lelayen kurmancye ‏axêwerekanî şanşînî berîtana amajeyan pê dedrêt (‏‎(Yilmaz, 2018‎‏.)‏‎ (MIGT)‎‏ legell ‏pirsyarekanî peywest be pey birdin be zansitî zarawekan, bo nmûne sernicî ‏wellamgokanî naw ‏em twêjîneweye bo nawçe, ayîn, regez û çîn, ewe pîşandeden ke hewlliwêstekan ‏derbarey ‏ewaney ke be ‏‎(BiHKir)‎‏ û be ‏‎(MiRKir)‎‏ debînrên zor cyawazn. Be terkîz kirdne ser ‏hellwêste zmanîyekan ‏derbarey kurmancî ke hergîz pêştir le şanşîne yekgirtuwekan dîrase ‏nekrawe , em babete ‏lêkollînewe le hellsengandne erênî û nerênîyekanî heryek le ‏‎(BiHKir)‎‏ û ‏‎(MiRKir)‎‏ le peywend be ‏întîmay dînî dekat. Abstract in Zazaki Tewrê ziwanî û dîn: kurdê elewî yê Qiralîya Yewbîyayîye Ez na meqale de netîceyanê cigêrayîşê Testanê Seypêkerdeyan ê Guiseyî (MGT) ke derheqê tewranê ziwanî yê kurmancîya Botanî (BHKr) û Mereşî (MRKr) yê ke dîyasporaya Qiralîya Yewbîyayîye de qesey benê, înan analîz kena. Ez giranî dana BHKr ser ke hetê qiseykerdoxanê kurmancî yê Qiralîya Yewbîyaye sey “kurmancîya rinde” yan zî “kurmancîya akademîke/raşte” hesibnîyena, û MRK ser ke sey “kurmancîya xirabine” hesibnîyena (Yilmaz, 2018). MGT û persê ke derheqê dîyalektolojîya îdrakîye de yê, sey dîyayîşê îdrakkerdoxan yê herêm, dîn, cinsîyet û sinife ke na meqale de ca girewto, ê musnenê ke tewrê înan ê hemverê BHKr û MRK yewbînan ra zaf cîya yê. Pê giranîdayîşê tewranê zimanî yê hemverê kurmancî ser, ke heta nika ê tewran ser o Qiralîya Yewbîyayîye de qet cigêrayîş nêameyo kerdene, na xebate erjnayîşanê BHRr û MRKr yê pozîtîf û negatîfan goreyê têkilîya xo ya dînî analîz kena.

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Leinonen, Anu. "Struggling against language shift: Kurdish language education in Turkey." Kurdish Studies 10, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v10i1.561.

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This article, largely based on interviews with language activists, investigates Kurdish language-in-education policy in Turkey since the early 2000s. It attempts to answer the following questions: How has Kurdish language education developed in Turkey from 2004 to 2020? What has been the impact of the educational activities on reversing the language shift from Kurdish to Turkish? I argue that the most important contribution has been on the elite or academic level with a widening of the Kurdish-reading and writing elite. Yet, the language shift from Kurdish to Turkish continues. Abstract in Kurmanji Têkoşîna li hember guhastina ziman: Perwerdehiya zimanê kurdî li Tirkiyeyê Ev gotar, ya ku bi giranî xwe dispêre hevpeyvînên ligel aktîvîstên ziman, ji destpêka salên 2000î û vir ve li Tirkiyeyê li polîtîkaya perwerdehiya zimanê kurdî an jî di nav polîtîkayên perwerdehiyê de li cihê zimanê kurdî vedikole. Gotar, hewl dide bersiv bide van pirsan: Ji sala 2004an heta 2020an li Tirkiyeyê perwerdeya zimanê Kurdî çawa bi pêş ketiye? Bandora çalakiyên perwerdehî yên li ser berovajîkirina guhastina ziman ya ji kurdî bo tirkî çi bûye? Ez nîqaş dikim ku tevkariya herî girîng li ser elîtan an jî asta akademîk bûye bi berfirehbûna elîtên xwîner û nûserên kurdî. Lê guhastina zimên a ji kurdî bo tirkî berdewam e. Abstract in Zazaki Duştê ravurîyayîşê ziwanî de lebitîyayîş: Tirkîya de perwerdeyê kurdkî Bi roportajanê çalakîkeranê ziwanî ra, nê nuşteyî de serê 2000an ra nat polîtîkaya Tirkîya ya perwerdeyê kurdkî ser o cigêrayîş yeno kerdene. Na xebate kena ke cewabê nê persan bido: 2004 ra heta 2020 perwerdeyê bi ziwanê kurdkî Tirkîya de senî aver şîyo? Tesîrê çalakîyanê perwerdeyî yê ke ravurîyayîşê ziwanê kurdkî bi tirkî bêro apeygirewtene, çi bî? Ez ana ver ke tesîro tewr muhîm beşdarîya elîtan yan zî sewîyeya elîtan a akademîk a ke wendoxî û nuştoxîya kurdkî kena hîraye. Ancî, ravurîyayîşê ziwanî yê kurdkî ver bi tirkî hîna dewam keno. Abstract in Sorani Available in Print and PDF versions.

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Hussain, Serena. "Islamic Universalism or Ethno-nationalism? Exploring identity salience within a Kurdish migrant community in Britain." Kurdish Studies 9, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v9i2.619.

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This article examines identity salience among members of a Kurdish Muslim migrant community in England. The study, in contrast to previous research on the Kurdish diaspora, focuses on religious identity in a small-city context, with recently arrived migrants, predominately from Iraqi Kurdistan. In-depth interviews highlight how ethnic repression within sending nations results in greater politicisation of ethnicity and in turn salience over all other identities, even within a non-Muslim setting. As such, findings did not demonstrate growing salience of religious identity over ethno-national identities, in order to close ranks with other Muslim minorities in a local context, as described in literature on ‘Islamic diasporas’. Abstract in Kurmanji Gerdûnparêziya îslamî ya netewparêziya nijadî ? Vekolîna girîngiya nasnameyî di civateke Kurdên koçber li Brîtanyayê de Ev nivîsar girîngiya nasnameyî ya li nav endamên civateke Kurdên misilman ên koçber li Inglîstanê vedikole. Li berevajiyê lêkolînên bihorî yên li ser diyasporaya kurd, ev vekolîn li ser nasnameya dînî ya koçberên nûhatî, pirraniya wan ji Kurdistana Êraqê ve, di çarçoveya bajarokeke piçûk de radiweste. Hevdîtinên hûrgilî bal dikişînin ser polîtîzebûna bêhtir a ku bi encama zordestiya nijadî li neteweyên birêkêr pêk hat û, li ser vê, girîngiya meztir a nasnameya nijadî li ber hemû nasnameyên din, heta di hawirdoreke ne-misilman de jî. Weha, van encam hane girîngiya zêde ya nasnameya olî li hember nasnameyên nijadî-neteweyî nîşan nedaye, li berevajiyê destbiratiya herêmî ya bi kêmneteweyên misilman ên din re ku di edebiyata li ser ‘diyasporayên misilman’ de tê dîtin. Abstract in Sorani Îslamî cîhanî yan nasêwnallîzmî êtnî? Lêkollîneweyek le ser giringî nasnamey êtnî le nêwan komellêk koçberî kurd le le Berîtanya Em wutare şirovey giringî nasnamey êtnî le nêwan endamanî komellêk koçberî musullmanî kurd dekat le Berîtaniya. Twêjîneweke be pêçewaney twêjînewekanî pêştir le ser rewendî kurd le tarawge, tîşk dexate ser nasnamey ayinî le nêw koçberî tazegeyştû le Kurdistanî ‘Êraqewe,‌ le çwarçêwey‌ şarêkî biçûkda. Çawpêkewtinî dûrxayan derîxistwe ke çawsanewey êtnî le wllatî koçkirdinewe debête hoy besiyasîbûnî nasnamey êtnî û zallbûnî be ser nasnamekanîtir da, tenanet le nêwendî namusullmanekanîş da. Le ber ewe encamekan zallî nasnamey ayinî be ser nasnamey êtnî dernaxen bo nizîkbûnewe le gell kamayetiy musullmanekanîtir le nêwendî nawxoda, wek leserçawekanîtir le ser musllmananî ‌tarawge baskrawn. Abstract in Zazaki Îslamî cîhanî yan nasêwnallîzmî êtnî? Lêkollîneweyek le ser giringî nasnamey êtnî le nêwan komellêk koçberî kurd le le Berîtanya Em wutare şirovey giringî nasnamey êtnî le nêwan endamanî komellêk koçberî musullmanî kurd dekat le Berîtaniya. Twêjîneweke be pêçewaney twêjînewekanî pêştir le ser rewendî kurd le tarawge, tîşk dexate ser nasnamey ayinî le nêw koçberî tazegeyştû le Kurdistanî ‘Êraqewe,‌ le çwarçêwey‌ şarêkî biçûkda. Çawpêkewtinî dûrxayan derîxistwe ke çawsanewey êtnî le wllatî koçkirdinewe debête hoy besiyasîbûnî nasnamey êtnî û zallbûnî be ser nasnamekanîtir da, tenanet le nêwendî namusullmanekanîş da. Le ber ewe encamekan zallî nasnamey ayinî be ser nasnamey êtnî dernaxen bo nizîkbûnewe le gell kamayetiy musullmanekanîtir le nêwendî nawxoda, wek leserçawekanîtir le ser musllmananî ‌tarawge baskrawn.

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Wu, Fusheng. "Tang shi xi chuan shi lun: Yi Tang shi zai Ying Mei de chuan bo wei zhong xin 唐诗西传史论 (review)." China Review International 18, no. 1 (2011): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.2011.0025.

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CHUN DAE JIN. "Consideration of Narrative Transition and Contemporary Accommodation of an Unfortunate Literary Figures in San-Yan(三言)― Focused on Li-Bai, Wang-Bo, and LIu-Yong, Historic Figures." Journal of the research of chinese novels ll, no. 59 (December 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17004/jrcn.2019..59.001.

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Bakan, Ronay. "Socio-spatial dynamics of contentious politics: A case of urban warfare in the Kurdish region of Turkey." Kurdish Studies 8, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 245–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i2.491.

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The literature on contentious politics often explains the dynamics of collective action as a product of sequential events in national and international politics. This time-centred perspective disregards the spatial dynamics of contention. Similarly, analysis on the relation between the Turkish state and Kurdish national movement tends to focus on dynamics and actors in macro politics. However, in the case of urban warfare, macro-level explanations cannot by themselves illustrate why certain localities experienced urban warfare while other districts in the same city or region continued their everyday life. Therefore, this article shifts the focus from macro-political dynamics to micro politics to examine the emergence of urban warfare in Suriçi, Diyarbakır, in 2015. It argues that socio-spatial dynamics comprised significant mechanisms that facilitated the conflict. Overall, it claims that the urban warfare in Suriçi demonstrates that dynamics of mobilization can be captured through a dialectical approach to macro and micro-level politics. Abstract in Kurmanji Dînamîkên sosyo-mekanî yên siyaseta dijwar: Nimûneya şerê bajaran li herêma kurd a Tirkiyeyê Lêkolînên heyî yên li ser siyaseta dijwar pirê caran dînamîkên tevgera kolektîf weke encama bûyerên peyhatî yên di siyaseta netewî û navnetewî de rave dikin. Ev nêrina zeman-navendî dînamîkên mekanî yên dijwariyê paşguh dikin. Herwiha, analîzên li ser têkiliya di navbera dewleta tirk û tevgera neteweyî ya kurd meyldar in ku bala xwe bidin dînamîk û aktorên makro-siyasetê. Lê belê, di mînaka şerê bajaran de, ravekirinên di asta makro de nikarin nîşan bidin ka çima hin herêman şerê bajaran tecrube kir lê di heman demê de navçeyên din ên heman bajarî an herêmê jiyana xwe ya rojane berdewam kir. Ji ber vê yekê, ev gotar balê ji dînamîkên makro-siyasetê dikşîne ser mîkro-siyasetê ku derketina şerê bajarî ya li Suriçiya Diyarbekirê, ya 2015an, binirxîne. Nîqaş dike ku dînamîkên sosyo-mekanî mekanîzmayên girîng pêk anîn ku pevçûn hêsantir kirin. Bi giştî, îdia dike ku şerê bajaran yê Suriçiyê nîşan dide ku dînamîkên seferberiyê bi rêya nêzîkbûneke dîalektîk a siyaseta di astên mîkro û makro de dikarin bên fehmkirin. Abstract in Sorani Daynamîkekanî cvakî-cêgeyî syasete mlimlanêyyekan: Dosyeyekî şerrî şarîy le herêmî kurdî le turkya Edebyatî syasetî mlimlanê zorcar daynemîkî karî bekomell wek berhemî rûdawe yek le dway yekekan le syasetî neteweyî û nêwdewlletîda rûn dekatewe. Em rwange katgeraye daynemîkî cêgeyî mlimlanê feramoş dekat. Be heman şêwe, şrove leser peywendî nêwan dewlletî turk û bzûtnewey neteweyî kurdîş meylî terkîzkirdne ser daynemîkekan û ekterekanî naw makro syasetî heye. Bellam, leprisî şerrî şarîyda, rûnkirdnewekanî rehendî-makro natwanin betenya ewe rûn bkenewe ke boçî lekatêkda hendêk le xellkî xocêyî şerrî şarîyan ezmûn kird le nawçekanî dîkey heman şar yan herêmda xellk le jyanî rojaney xoyan da berdewam bûn. Boye em wtare bo hellsengandinî serhelldanî şerrî şarîy le surîçî dyarbekir le sallî 2015 da, sernic le daynamîkî makrro syasî degwazêtewe bo maykrro syaset. Be giştî, babeteke cext lewe dekat şerrî şarîy le surîçî ewe derdexat ke daynemîkî mobalîzekirdin dekrêt leser astî makro û maykro syasetda wêna bikrêt. Abstract in Zazaki Dînamîkê soyso-herêmkîyî yê polîtîkaya şerkere: Dewaya cengê şaristanan ê herêmanê kurdan ê Tirkîya Edebîyatê polîtîkayanê şerkeran de zafêrî dînamîkê tevgeranê kolektîfan sey netîceyê serebûtanê sîyasetê neteweyî û mîyanneteweyîyan ê rêzkîyan îzah benê. No perspektîfo wextmerkezkî dînamîkê şerkerî yê herêmkîyî îhmal keno. Bi eynî usûlî, analîzê têkilîya mabênê dewleta Tirkîya û tevgerê kurdan ê neteweyî zafane dînamîk û kerdoxanê makropolîtîka ser o vindeno. Çi esto ke cengê şaristanan de nê tewir îzahê sewîyeya pêroyî bi xo nêeşkenê bimusnê ke çira tayê cayan de cengê şaristanan qewimîyeno û eynî dem de taxanê eynî şaristanî yan zî mintiqayanê bînan de cuya rojanîye dewam kena. Coka na meqale bale dînamîkanê makropolîtîkan ra ancena mîkropolîtîka ser ke wina destpêkerdişê cengê şaristanî yê taxa Sûrî ya Dîyarbekirî yê serra 2015î analîz bibo. Tede munaqeşe beno ke dînamîkê sosyo-herêmkîyî mekanîzmayanê muhîmanê ke dest dayî lejî, înan xo de hewêneno. Pêroyî, vajîyena ke cengê şaristanî yê Sûrî musneno ke dînamîkê seferî pê teşebusêko dîyalektîk yê makro- û mîkropolîtîka bêrê dîyene.

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Meng, Xiangwei, Xue-ping Gao, Wen-zhong Zhang, and Yun-peng Jiang. "EXPERIMENTAL FORMULA FOR THE WAVE-INDUCED SHIP MOORING FORCE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 19, 2011): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.61.

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The wave force dose not considered at the formula of mooring ship cable force in the Load Code for Harbor Engineering[JTJ215-98]. This brought the inconvenience to the calculation of designed cable force for mooring ship. By means of analysis for the laboratory model test result of mooring ship cable force under wave effect, Wave force formula of mooring ship under wave effect was gained. This formula well reflected the influence of ship size, ship load , ship rolling period, ship pitch period, wave period and wave height. The formula can be used in the calculation of standard value of mooring ship cable force under the wave effection, also it can be used to instruct the wave model test for mooring ship. References Zhang Ri-xiang. Liu Zhong-bo. Zhang Ning-chuan. 2003 .An Experimental Study on the Mooring Line Forces & Impact Forces of a Moored Ship Under the Combined Action of Wind,Wave and Current [J].,China offshore Platform, (01).15-18. Li Yan. Zheng Bao-you.Gao Feng. Meng Xiang-wei.2007.Model test study on the impact forces and mooring line forces of a moored ship under the combined action of wave and current [J].;The Ocean Engineering, (02).57-63. Ministry of transport of the People's Republic of China(1998).The Load Code for Harbor Engineering(JTJ215-98). [S]. Jiang Qing. Ge Hong-zheng.Xie Peng.2007.Influence of Ship's Type and Tonnage on the Ship's Mooring Force [J]. Port & Waterway Engineering, (09).51-59. Wu Xiuhuan. 1999.Ship and maneuverability and seakeeping [M]. Ministry of transport of the People's Republic of China. p220. Zhang Wen-zhong. Etc.(2006): Model test of Mooring LNG ship at Jiangsu Provence, Tianjin Port Engineering Institute Ltd. of CCCC.

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Maclean, Gerald Martin. "British Travellers, the Kurds, and Kurdistan: a brief literary history, c. 1520-1673." Kurdish Studies 7, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v7i2.461.

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This essay investigates accounts of the Kurds and Kurdistan by sixteenth- and seventeenth-century British travellers to the Ottoman and Safavid empires by placing them alongside contemporary Kurdish and Iranian chronicles by Sharaf al-Din Khan Bedlisi (1597) and Eskandar Beg Monshi (1616-29). Although considerable attention has been paid in recent scholarship to early-modern British travellers’ accounts of the Christian, Jewish, and Muslim communities of the Levant, Middle East, and Persia, the Kurds have been entirely ignored. Early British travellers most often encountered Kurds in and around Aleppo, where the Levant Company established its headquarters during the 1580s. Remarkably few, however, commented on the Kurdish presence. Further east, Anthony Shirley and his companions on their mission to visit Shah Abbas in 1598 recognised Kurdistan to be a province between Baghdad and Qazvin, and regarded the Kurds as uncivilised and rootless vagabonds; for Shirley himself they provided a means to magnify his own importance. While earlier Venetian merchants “described Kurdistan and Kurds with perspicacity and in detail” (Galletti, 1995: 99), the accounts by the first British travellers alternated between description and fabrication.ABSTRACT IN KURMANJIGerokên Brîtanî, kurd û Kurdistan: dîrokeke nivîskî ya kurt, c. 1520-1680Ev gotar li ser wan neql û berhemên derbarê kurdan û Kurdistanê de ye ku ji teref gerokên brîtanî (îngilîz) yên sedsalên 16 û 17an ên li nav împeratoriyên Osmanî û Safewî hatine nivîsandin; gotar, wan dide ber berhemên dîrokî yên kurd û îranî yên hevdemên wan, wek Şerefxanê Bidlîsî (1597/8) û Îskender Beh Monşî (1616-29). Digel ku di xebatên nûjen de baleke girîng hatiye dayîn bo zanyariyên gerokên Brîtanî yên serdema berî-modern li ser civakên Xirîstiyan, Yahûdî û Misilman ên Levant, Rojhilata Navîn û Îranê de, kurd bi temamî hatine piştguhkirin. Gerokên brîtanî yên ewil bi piranî li Heleb û derdora wê rastî kurdan hatine ji ber ku Şîrketa Levantê di salên 1580an de baregeha xwe li wir ava kiribû. Lê belê, gelek kêm ji wan behsa hebûna kurdan kiriye. Bêtir li aliyê rojhilat, Anthony Shirley û hevrêyên wî di serdana Şah Ebbas ya 1580an de, Kurdistan wek parêzgeheke di navbera Bexda û Qezwînê de destnîşan kiriye û kurd wek tolazên hov û bêesl dîtine, û ji bo Shirley bi xwe ew amrazek bûn ku girîngiya xwe qat-qat zêdetir bike. Tucarên Venedîkî yên ewil “Kurdistan û kurdan bi hişmendî û hûrbînî terîf kirine” (Galleti, 1995:99), lê belê, neql û terîfên gerokên brîtanî di navbera terîf û derewan de diguherin.ABSTRACT IN SORANIGerîde Berîtanîyekan, Kurd û Kurdistan; puxteyek le mêjû 1520-1680Em nusîne kêwmallî mijarekanî Kurd û Kurdistan le ‌ sedekanî şazdehem û ḧevdehem dekat, le jêr roşnayî nêrrînî gerrîde Berîtanyayiyekan le herdû împiratorî 'Usmanî û Sefewîda be leberçawgirtinî herdû şakarî Şerefedîn Xanî Bedlîsî (1597/8) û Eskender Begî Munşî (1616-29) herçende zorbey kare zanistîyekan tîşkyan xistûwete ser karekanî gerrîde‌Bberîtanîyekan le berebeyanîy modêrneda; bellam ziyatir leser Cûwekan, Krîstiyanekan, Musellmanekan le Şam, Rojhellatî Nawerast û willatî Fars rawestawn û betewawî Kurdyan piştgwê xistûwe. Gerrîde berîtanîye berayiyekan zorcar çawyan be kurd le naw yan ledewrî Ḧeleb kewtuwe‌; katê ke mekoy serekîy‌ Kompanyay Şam damezra le sallî 1580kanda. Bellam zor be kemî leser bûnî kurd lewnaweda dwawin. Ziyatir bewer rojhellat, Anthony Shirley û hawrêkanî le rêgey seferyanda bo çawpêkewtin be Şa 'Ebas le sallî 1598, Kurdistanyan be wîlayetêk nasanduwe lenêwan Beẍdad û Qezwînda û Kurdanyan wek xellkêkî namedenî û koçer nasanduwe. Mebestî Shirley ‌le derxistinî basî Kurdan ziyatir bo nîşandanî giringîy xoy buwe. Bellam bazirgane Vînîsyayiyekan wesfî Kurd û Kurdistanyan be deqîqtir û dûrudrêjtir kirduwe. (Galletti 1995: 99), baskirdinî Kurdan lelayen gerrîde berîtanyayiyekanewe ziyatir wesfkarîy wirûkeşane buwe.ABSTRACT IN ZAZAKIRaywanê brîtanyayijî, kurdî û Kurdîstan: tarîxo edebîyo kilm, dorê 1520-1680îNa meqale raporê ke Împeratorîyanê Osmanî û Sefewîyan de hetê raywananê brîtanyayijan yê seserranê şîyês û hewtêsinan ra derheqê kurd û Kurdîstanî de virazîyayî, înan ser o cigêrayîş kena û ê raporî kronîkanê hemdeman yê kurdan û îranijan yê Şerefxanê Bedlisî (1597/8) û Îskender Beg Munşî (1616-29) de nana pêver o. Herçiqas ke cigêrayîşanê peyênan de xeylê eleqe musnîyaye raporanê raywananê modernanê verênan yê Brîtanya ke derheqê komelanê xirîstîyan, yahudî û muslumanan yê Levant, Rojhelatê Mîyanênî û Îranî de virazîyayî, kurdî pêro pîya ameyî peygoş kerdene. Raywananê brîtanyayijan ê verênan kurdî zafane Haleb û derûdorê ci de dîyî, cayo ke Şîrketê Levantî serranê 1580an de merkezê xo nabî ro. Çi esto ke înan ra zaf tay kesan estbîyayîşê kurdan ser o şîrove kerd. Hîna zaf hetê rojhelatî de, Anthony Shirley û hevalê ey serra 1598î de kewtbî mîsyon ke Şah Abbasî zîyaret bikerê. Înan Kurdîstan sey wîlayetê mabênê Bexdad û Qazvînî de nas kerd û çimê înan de kurdî gewendeyê bê ristim û bê medenîyet bîyî. Seba Shirleyî kurdî tena wasitayêk bîyê ke pê înan muhîmîya xo berz bikero. Herçiqas ke bazirgananê venedîkijan “Kurdîstan û kurdî bi aqilo tuj û teferuat tarîf kerd” (Galletti, 1995: 99), raporanê raywananê brîtanyayijanê verênan mabênê terîf û pêardişî de ca girewt.

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Lee Dellon, A. "Invited discussion of “the relationship between structural features of peripheral nerves and suture methods for nerve repair,” by Shi-Zhen Zhong, M.D., Guo-Ying Wang, M.D., Yun-Shao He, M.D., and Bo Sun, M.D." Microsurgery 9, no. 3 (1988): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/micr.1920090305.

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Lai, Bo. "Comments on the paper “A preliminary study of anaerobic treatment coupled with micro-electrolysis for anthraquinone dye wastewater” published by Lihui Huang, Guopeng Sun, Tao Yang, Bo Zhang, Ying He, Xinhua Wang in Desalination 309 (2013) 91–96." Desalination 314 (April 2013): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2013.01.017.

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Pham, Manh Duc. "Dong Son Imprints in the South of Vietnam (research summary)." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 13–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i4.1562.

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In the paper, the author reviews the most recent important archaeological discoveries with Dong Son bronze drums (Heger I) found from Highlands (Kontum, Gia Lai, DakLak, Lam Dong provinces), Southern Part of Central Vietnam (Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa provinces) and Southern Vietnam (Binh Dương, Binh Phuoc, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Ben Tre, Kien Giang provinces). The author points out “key sites” in the South Vietnam – the typical sites and artifacts most lively showing “the convergance of Indigenous - Exogenous culture” in ancient villages, workshops for metallurgy, cemeteries, treasures, etc., which are related to the Dong Son and other inhabitants of the protohistorical epoch in Vietnam and Southeast Asia and beyond. There are Cemeteries or Tresors which contained Bronze Dong Son drums (Heger I type), bronze halberds (Ko), Western Han mirrors, Indian Nephrite or Glass and Golden Ornaments – artifacts not only representing the multi-linear relationship of the owners of Southern Vietnam with other Asian centres, but also were considered to be the symbol of power, authority, potential of military and polical function, social ranks and they reflected the unpeaceful situation of the contemporary society. The author emphasizes the very appearance of these Dongson drums as shown with 2 subtypes of Bronze Drum Collections: Original Dong Son (Heger I) Bronze Drum Collection and Imitative Bronze Drum Collection which was created according to "Dongsonian Style" thousands of years ago. The author emphasizes the very early appearance of the “exogenous” elements of culture-technique-art-religion in Southern Vietnam, which were adapted or completely modified to match the knowledge and psychology, aesthetic needs, and “Indigenous” beliefs – especially clear in traditional funeral concept thousands of years ago, as shown with distinction in “chiefdom cemetery”. Finallly, the author generalized data related to Bronze metallurgy at the Southern Vietnam area and came to some following remarks: 1/ Nam Bo - Vietnam was the early centre of Bronze Metallurgy at the Mainland Asia in the Proto-history, with the technology of casting in sandstone moulds. 2/ This Bronze casting industry together with its copper and alloy materials probably came from “Native land of Dong Son culture” – the “Bronze Triangle” or “Bronze Quadrilateral”: Dong Son – Yunnan – Guangxi – Guangdong – Khorat. Through various ways: directly via the East Sea to the South of Vietnam or indirectly through roads – via Sa Huynh cultural area and Tay Nguyen (Highlands) along the Mekong River to the South of Vietnam in the end. 3/ However, the southern metallurgy had their “own features” that were considered “non-Dong Son” by the author. The big and sophisticated bronze products such as Dong Son drums (Heger I type) or Chinese halberd (Ko or halberd), Art figurines such as statues of a pangolin (Manis javanica) or Amulets, statues depicting a dog chasing another animal, etc. only appeared in the Early Iron Age. Apart from some exotic intact goods such as Dong Son drums from Son Tinh, Daglao, Ben Tre, Bu Dang etc. and Western Han mirrors from Binh Yen, Go Dua, Phu Chanh, Kem Nac, most of the bronze products in the Early Iron Age in the South of Vietnam were cast on site, with their own characteristics that were “non-Dong Son” and “non-Chinese”. 4/ According to the author, the large bronze object like Dong Son – styled drums or “Ko” appeared a lot here to the regalia expressing power of the Bigmen (the leaders) in the early historical period in the South of Vietnam and they were just replaced in the early Christian Era under the influence of Indian civilization – process by which French scholars call “Hinduism” and “Buddhism”.

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Salih, Rdhwan Shareef. "Legal complications of stabilization provisions in Iraqi Kurdistan production-sharing contracts." Kurdish Studies 10, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v10i1.654.

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During the period of long-term petroleum contracts, host states may attempt to amend the contractual regulation or even to annul contracts by changing their domestic laws, especially in developing countries. Therefore, to restrict the legislative or administrative power of the host States, the contractors would want the petroleum contracts to contain stabilization provisions. These provisions have been included in production-sharing contracts (PSCs) of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). This study aims to critically analyse stabilization provisions of the KRG’s PSCs in order to ascertain their legal complications when compared to the provisions of several oil-producing countries’ PSCs. Thus, the study poses this question: what are the main legal complications of stabilization provisions of the KRG’s PSCs? The study has clarified that most PSCs of the KRG have adopted full hybrid-stabilization provisions and a few of them have adopted limited hybrid-stabilization provisions that have been drafted very widely and are one of the main legal complications of the KRG’s PSCs. Finally, it is suggested that the KRG push back on widely drafted stabilization provisions and adopt limited stability provisions or attempt to extricate PSCs from these provisions. Abstract in Kurmanji Tevliheviyên qanûnî yên bendên îstîkrarê di peymanên parvekirina-hilberandinê yên Kurdistana Iraqê de Di dema peymanên petrolê yên demdirêj de, welatên mêvandar dibe ku hewl bidin rêziknameyên peymanan biguherînin û heta peymanan betal bikin bi rêya guhertina qanûnên xwe yên navxweyî, bi taybetî jî li welatên pêşketinê. Herwiha, ji bo sînorkirina hêza qanûnsazî an jî rêveberî ya dewletên mêvandar, peymandar dê bixwazin hin bendên îstîkrarê bixin nav peymanên petrolê. Ev bend di nav peymanên parvekirina-hilberandinê (PPH) yên Hikûmeta Herêma Kurdistanê (HRK) de hatine bicihkirin. Ev xebat hewl dide ku bi awayekî rexneyî bendên îstîkrarê yên PPHyên HRKê vekolîne da ku tevliheviyên wan ên qanûnî diyar bike bi rêya berawirdkirina PPHyên çend welatên hilberînerên petrolê. Bi vî awayî, xebat vê pirsê dike: Tevlîheviyên qanûnî yên bingehîn yên bendên îstîkrarê yên PPHyên HHKê çi ne? Xebatê zelal kiriye ku piraniya PPHyên HHKê bendên îstîkrarê yên bi temamî dureh qebûl kirine û kêm ji wan bendên îstîkrarê yên dureh ên sînorkirî qebûl kirine ku gelek bi berfirehî hatine nivîsandin û yek ji bingehîn tevlîheviyên qanûnî yên PPHyên HHKê ne. Di dawiyê de, hatiye pêşniyarkirin ku HHK ji bendên îstîkrarê yên bi berfirehî diyarkirî vekişe û bendên îstîkrarê yên sînorkirî bipejirîne an jî van bendan ji PPByan derxe. Abstract in Zazaki Zehmetîyê qanûnî yê hukmanê îstîqrarî yê kontratanê parekerdişê berardişî yê Kurdîstanê Îraqî Demê kontratanê petrolî yê wextdergan de beno ke dewletê pêşkêşkerî, bitaybetî dewletê averşîyayoxî, biceribnê qanûnê xo yê zereyî bivurnê û wina madeyanê kontratan zî bivurnê yan zî kontratan bi xo betal bikerê. Coka, seba ke îmkananê dewletanê pêşkêşkeran ê qanûnî û îdarîyan sînor bikerê, mutahîdî wazenê ke zereyê kontratanê petrolî de hukmê îstîqrarî est bê. Nê hukmî daxilê kontratanê parekerdişê berardişî (PSC) yê Hukmatê Herêma Kurdîstanî (KRG) bîyî. No cigêrayîş hedef keno ke nê hukmanê îstîqrarî yê PSCanê KRG bi çimeyo rexnegir analîz bikero û zehmetîyanê înan ê qanûnî goreyê hukmanê PSCanê welatanê petrolvetoxanê bînan ra tesbît bikero. Coka, no cigêrayîş nê persî pers keno: zehmetîyê qanûnî yê hukmanê îstîqrarî yê PSCanê KRG çi yê? Cigêrayîşî vet meydan ke zafêrîya PSCanê KRG hukmê îstîqrarî yê tam-hîbrîdî qebul kerdî û ci ra tayîne kî hukmê îstîqrarî yê hîbrîdê sînorkerdeyî qebul kerdî ke bi hewayêko zaf hîra virazîyayê û zehmetîya qanûnî ya bingeyêne yê PSCanê KRG yê. Peynîye de, pêşnîyaz beno ke KRG hukmanê îstîqrarî ke bi hewayêko hîra virazîyayî, ver bi vejîyo û hukmanê îstîqrarî yê sînorkerdeyan qebul bikero yan zî biceribno ke PSCan nê hukman ra vejo. Abstract in Sorani Available in Print and PDF versions.

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Aydin, Suavi. "A Survey of the Roots and History of Kurdish Alevism: What are the Divergences and Convergences between Kurdish Alevi Groups in Turkey?" Kurdish Studies 8, no. 1 (May 24, 2020): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i1.551.

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This article focuses on the generic form of Alevism, commonly referred to as “Anatolian Alevism”, asking how ethnic and tribal divergences occurred, their interrelationships and the basis of the differences and similarities. It assumes that the beliefs and practices known collectively as “Anatolian Alevism” constitute a “wholistic structure” that refers to the joint possession of a common set of ritualistic and mythic attributes and characteristics. In this context, “Anatolian Alevism” presents a distinctive attribute compared to other beliefs thought to be similar or connected to which Alevism is related in some ways although it is also the product of a different history and belief pattern. The central concern is to provide an understanding of the historical establishment and interrelationship of Kırmanjki and Kurmanji speaking Alevi tribes and their similarities and differences compared to Turkish/Turkmen Alevism despite their strong structural associations. KURMANJI: Nêrînek li ser reh û dîroka elewîtiya kurdî: Cudatî û Wekheviyên di nav komên elewiyên kurd li Tirkiyeyê Pirsa serekî di vê gotarê de ew e ka "elewîtiya kurdî" xwedanê cihekî taybet û dîrokeke xwe ye li nav wê baweriya ku wek "elewîtiya Anatolê" tê zanîn. Ji bo vê armancê, gotar li rehên dîrokî û geşedana bawerî û cemaeta ku em dibêjinê "elewîtiya kurdî" dinêre, û wekhevî û cudatiyên di navbera komên elewî yên kurmancî-ziman û kirmanckî-ziman dinirxîne. Gotar li ser wan pirsan hûr dibe ku dikevine nav şiklê berbelav ê elewîtiyê, ku bi rengekî asayî wek "elewîtiya anatolê" tê zanîn, û dikeve dû pirsa ka cudabûnên qewmî û eşîrî çawa pêk hatin, çi têkilî hene di navbera wan de û çi heye di bingehê wan cudatî û wekheviyan de. Gotar hizreke ne-bingehger dide pêş li ser têgihiştina damezrandina dîrokî û têkiliyên navxweyî yên eşîrên elewî yên zaza (kirmanckî-ziman) û kurmancî-ziman, û wekhevî û cudatiyên wan gava mirov ligel elewîtiya tirk/turkman dide ber hev sererayî manendiyên wan ên binyadî yên bihêz. SORANI: Rumallêkî rîşe û dîrokî kurdanî 'elewî: cyawazîyekan û nzîkbûnewekanî nêwan ‏grupekanî ‏kurdî 'elewî le turkya Em babete terkîz dexate ser forme giştîyekey 'elewîzm, ke beşêweyekî baw wek ‏‏"'elewîzmî ‏enadoll" amajey pêdedrêt, deprisêt çon cyawazîye etnîkî û hozîyekan û ‏peywendîye ‏nawxoyyekanîyan we payey cyawazî û lêkçunekanîyan rûydawe. Twêjîneweke ‏waydadenêt ke ew bawerr û ‏praktîsaney begşitî wek "'elewîzmî enadollî" nasrawe ‏‏"sitraktorî giştî" (grîmaney serekî ‏pesendikraw lelayen cvakî 'elewî le turkya) ‏pêkdênêt, ewey ke amaje dedat be bûnî komellêk sîfet û taybetmendî nerîtî û efsaneyî ‏hawbeş. Lem çwarçêweyeda, beberawrid legell bawerrekanî tir ke wa debînrên be corêk ‏le ‏corekan legell 'elewîzimda hawşêwen yan peywendîyan pêkewe heye "'elewîzmî ‏enadollî" ‏sîfetî cyakerewey heye herçende berhemî mêjû û ‏şêwey bîrkirdnewekeyşî cyawaz bêt. ‏Krokî babeteke desteberkirdnî têgeyîştinêke derbarey ‏bunyad û pêwendîye xobexoyyekanî ‏hoze axêwerekanî kirmancekî û kirmancîye 'elewîyekan we ‏cyawazî û leyekçunekanîyan ‏legell 'elewîye turk/turkmanekan sererray ‏sitraktorî behêzî komellekanyan. ZAZAKI: Derheqê ristim û tarîxê elewîyîya kurdan de cigêrayîş: Tirkîya de cîyayî û nêzdîbîyayîşê grûbanê elewîyanê kurdan Na meqale formê elewîyî yo pêroyî ke sey “elewîyîya Anadolîye” name bena, aye ser giranî dana. Pers beno ke cîyayîyê etnîk û eşîrkî, pagirêdayîşê înan û bingeyê cîyayî û yewbînanromendişî senî ameyê ra. Ferz beno ke bawerî û urf û adetê ke bi hewayêko pêroyî sey “elewîyîya Anadolîye” nas benê, ê “awanîyêka pêrogire” anê pê ke wayîrîya hempare yê komsifet û taybetmendîyanê adetî û mîstîkan qesd kena (no qeneato umûmî yo ke hetê komelê elewîyanê Tirkîya ra qebul beno). Herçiqas ke goreyê bawerîyanê bînan ê ke texmînan ra gore nêzdî yan zî girêdayeyê elewîyî yê û herçiqas ke elewîyîye qalibanê tarîx û bawerî yê cîya-cîyayan ra yena pêra, la bi tewirêk ancî ê bawerîyanê bînan de têkildar a, ancîya na çarçewa de “elewîyîya Anadolîye” wayîra sifetêkê taybetî ya. Eleqeya bingeyêne a ya ke hem derheqê pagirêdayîş û awanîya tarîxî yê eşîranê elewîyan ê ke kirmanckî û kurmanckî (kirdaskî) qesey kenê de, hem zî, goreyê elewîyîya tirke/tirkmene û duştê heme nêzdîyîya xo ya awankîye de, derheqê cîyayî û yewbînanromendişê înan de îzahat bêro pêkêşkerdene.

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Hürman, Hazal. "Penalisation of Kurdish children under the Turkish Anti-Terror Law: Abandonment, sovereignty and lawfare." Kurdish Studies 8, no. 2 (October 13, 2020): 271–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ks.v8i2.464.

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This article explores how the disproportionate penalisation of Kurdish minors under the Turkish Anti-Terror Law informs their political imagination and experiences of the Turkish state. By depriving Kurdish children of the rights to which they are otherwise entitled as minor citizens of Turkey, the Anti-Terror Law takes the form of a vertical relation of abandonment that excludes children from the law’s protection. Drawing on ethnographic research I conducted in a south-eastern town of Turkey bordering Syria, I contextualise the abandonment of Kurdish children within Turkey’s growing lawfare, whereby the Turkish state resorts to criminal prosecutions and mass incarceration as means to discipline the populace. Kurdish children’s abandonment in the midst of lawfare encourages a wide range of social groups to exert control and harm on them with impunity behind and beyond bars. The resultant web of constant punishment and surveillance reinforces the image of the lawmaker as an omnipotent entity that, children come to believe, haunts them on a daily basis. Abstract in Kurmanji Cezakirina zarokên kurd di bin hiqûqa dij-terorî ya tirk de: Terkandin, serwerî û nelihevkirina demdirêj Ev gotar dixwaze lêbikole ka çawa cezakirina bênisbet a zarokên kurd a bi rêya Hiqûqa Dij-Terorî ya Tirk tesewir û tecrubeya wan a dewleta tirk berçav dike. Bi mehrûmkirina zarokên kurd ji mafên wan, ên ku di rewşa asayî de weke hemwelatiyên piçûk ên Tirkiyeyê tên qebûlkirin, Hiqûqa Dij-Terorî formeke têkiliya tîkane a terkandinê digre ku zarokan derveyî parastina hiqûqê dihêle. Li gor lêkolîna etnografîk a min li navçeyeke başûr-rojhilatê Tirkiyeyê yê nêzîkî sînorê Sûriyeyê kirî, ez terkandina zarokên kurd di nav nelihevkirina demdirêj ya Tirkiyeyê de bicih dikim, bi rêya ku dewleta tirk serî li darizandinên tawanbar û zindankirinên giştî dide weke amûrên dîsîplînkirina gel. Terkandina zarokên kurd di nav nelihevkirina demdirêj de grûbên civakî yên cûr bi cûr teşwîq dike ku kontrol û zirara xwe bigihînin wan bi rêya bêcezakirina li û pişt zindanê. Di encama tora ceza û kontrolên daîmî de wêneyê qanûndaneran weke hebûneke qadir, zarok wisa bawer dikin, bi rojane museletê wan dibe. Abstract in Sorani Szadanî mindallanî kurd le sayey yasay dje-tîrorî turkî: Desberdarbûn, serwerî û yasayî Em wtare lewe dekollêtewe ke çon szadanî nahawsenganey mêrmindallanî kurdî le sayey yasay djetîrorî turkda xeyall û ezmûnî ewan beramber dewlletî turk arayîşdedat. Be bêbeşkirdnî mindallanî kurd lew mafaney ke debwaye wek hawullatîyekî mêrmindallî turkya lêy behremend bin, yasay dje tîror şêwey peywendyekî stûnî desberdarbûn werdegrêt ke mindall dexate derewey parastinî yasayî . Hellêncan leser bnemay twêjîneweyekî îtnografî ke min le şaroçkeyekî başurî rojhellatî turkyay hawsinûrî surya encamim dawe, min destberdarkirdnî mindallanî kurd le naw yasay geşesendûy turkya dexeme syaqî ewey dewlletî turk wek dîspilînî cemawerî pena bo dadgay tawan û szadanî cemawer debat. Wedernanî mindallanî kurd le naw berrey yasa da, hanî grupgelî frawanî komellayetî dedat ta be parêzbendîyewe le pişt dîwarî bendîxane û ledereweyda kontrolyan bken û zyanyan pê bgeyenin. Torrî encamgîrî ew sza û çawdêrîye berdewame ew wênaye behêz dekat ke yasadaner desellatdarêkî rehaye, mindallanîş degene ew bawerrey ke rojane twanay rawkirdnî ewanî heye. Abstract in Zazaki Cezakerdişê domananê kurdan binê qanûnê verba terorî yê Tirkîya: teriknayîş, serdestî û qanûntacizîye Na meqale cigêrayîş kena ke nereşîdê kurdan senî bi hewayêko bênîsbet binê qanûnê verba terorî yê Tirkîya de ceza benê û no cezakerdiş senî xeyal û tecrubeyanê înan ê sîyasîyan bi dewleta Tirkîya ser o tesîr keno. Heqê ke normal de hemwelatîyê Tirkîya yê nereşîdî wayîrê înan ê, domanê kurdan ci ra bêpar yenê verdayene. Wina qanûnê verba terorî keweno şekilê têkilîya teriknayîşî ya tîkanîye ke bi no hewa domanan sitara qanûnî ra teber keno. Bi bingeyê cigêrayîşê etnografîkî ke mi sînorê Sûrîye şaristanêkê başûrê rojhelatê Tirkîya de kerd, ez teriknayîşê domananê kurdan çarçeweya binpaykerdişê qanûnî ke Tirkîya de her aver şono, tede qayîtê ci kena. Nê binpaykerdişê qanûnî de dewleta Tirkîya xo şanena taqîbatê cezayî û komhepiskerdişî ke wina şarî dîsîple bikero. Domanê kurdan ke mîyanê prosesanê qanûnî de teriknîyenê, no teriknayîş cesaret dano tewir-tewir grûbanê komelkîyan ke bandura xo domanan ser o ronê yan zî înan rê zerar bidê, bê ke nê grûbî zere yan zî teber ra ceza bibê. Netîceyê na torra ceza û nezaretî ya timine de, çimê domanan de qanûnviraştoxî benê çîyo ke her çî eşkeno bikero û her roje beno musalatê înan.

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Utomo, Muhajir, Irwan Sukri Banuwa, Henrie Buchari, Yunita Anggraini, and Berthiria. "Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Yields." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, no. 2 (June 12, 2013): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.131-139.

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The impact of agricultural intensification on soil degradation now is occurring in tropical countries. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term tillage and N fertilization on soil properties and crop yields in corn-soybean rotation. This long-term study which initiated since 1987 was carried out on a Typic Fragiudult soil at Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Sumatra (105o13’45.5"-105o13’48.0"E, 05o21’19.6"-05o21’19.7"S) in 2010 and 2011. A factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was tillage system namely intensive tillage (IT) and conservation tillage (CT) which consist of minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT); while the second factor was N fertilization with rates of 0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 applied for corn, and 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha-1 for soybean. The results showed that bulk density and soil strength at upper layer after 24 years of cropping were similar among treatments, but the soil strength under IT at 50-60 cm depth was 28.2% higher (p<0.05) than NT. Soil moisture and temperature under CT at 0-5 cm depth were respectively 38.1% and 4.5% higher (p<0.05) than IT. High N rate decreased soil pH at 0-20 cm depth as much as 10%, but increased total soil N at 0-5 cm depth as much as 19% (p<0.05). At 0-10 cm depth, MT with no N had highest exchangeable K, while IT with medium N rate had the lowest (p<0.05). At 0-5 cm depth, MT with no N had highest exchangeable Ca, but it had the lowest (p<0.05) if combined with higher N rate. Microbial biomass C throughout the growing season for NT was consistently highest and it was 14.4% higher (p<0.05) than IT. Compared to IT, Ap horizon of CT after 24 years of cropping was deeper, with larger soil structure and more abundance macro pores. Soybean and corn yields for long-term CT were 64.3% and 31.8% higher (p<0.05) than IT, respectively. Corn yield for long-term N with rate of 100 kg N ha-1 was 36.4% higher (p<0.05) than with no N.Keywords: Conservation tillage, crop yields, N fertilization, soil properties[How to Cite: Utomo M, IS Banuwa, H Buchari, Y Anggraini and Berthiria. 2013.Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Yields. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 131-139. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.131][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.131] REFERENCESAl-Kaisi and X Yin. 2005. Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon dioxide emission in corn- soybean rotation. J Environ Qual 34: 437-445. Pub Med. Barak P, BO Jobe, AR Krueger, LA Peterson and DA Laird. 1997. Effects of long-term soilacidification due to nitrogen inputs in Wisconsin. Plant Soil 197: 61-69.Blake GR and KH Hartge. 1986. Bulk density. In: A Klute (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. ASA and SSSA. 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Effects of conservation tillage in soil carbon sequestration and net revenues of potato-based rotations in the Colombian Andes. [Thesis], University of Florida, USA. SAS [Statistical Analysis System] Institute. 2003. The SAS system for windows. Release 9.1. SASInst Inc, Cary, NC.Singh A and J Kaur. 2012. Impact of conservation tillage on soil properties in rice-wheat cropping system. Agric Sci Res J 2: 30-41.Six, J, SD Frey, RK Thiet and KM Batten. 2006. Bacterial and fungal contributions to carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 70: 555-569.Smith JL and HP Collins. 2007. Management of organisms and their processes in soils. In: EA Paul (ed). Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry. Third Edition. Academic Press, Burlington, USA, 532 p.Stockfisch N, T Forstreuter, W Ehlers. 1999. Ploughing effects on soil organic matter after twenty years of conservation tillage in Lower Saxony, Germany. Soil Till Res 52: 91-101.Tarkalson, DD, GW Hergertb and KG Cassmanc. 2006. Long-term effects of tillage on soil chemical properties and grain yields of a dryland winter wheat-sorghum/corn-fallow rotation in the great plains. Agron J 26: 26-33. Thomas GA, RC Dalal, J Standley. 2007. No-till effect on organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient distribution in a Luvisol in the semi-arid subtropics. Soil Till Res 94: 295-304.Utomo M, H Suprapto and Sunyoto. 1989. Influence of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on soil nitrogen, decomposition of alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) and corn production of alang-alang land. In: J van der Heide (ed.). Nutrient management for food crop production in tropical farming systems. Institute for Soil Fertility (IB), pp. 367-373.Utomo M. 2004. Olah tanah konservasi untuk budidaya jagung berkelanjutan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional IX Budidaya Pertanian Olah Tanah Konservasi. Gorontalo, 6-7 Oktober, 2004, pp. 18-35 (in Indonesian).Utomo M, A Niswati, Dermiyati, M R Wati, AF Raguan and S Syarif. 2010. Earthworm and soil carbon sequestration after twenty one years of continuous no-tillage corn-legume rotation in Indonesia. JIFS 7: 51-58.Utomo M, H Buchari, IS Banuwa, LK Fernando and R Saleh. 2012. Carbon storage and carbon dioxide emission as influenced by long-term conservation tillage and nitrogen fertilization in corn-soybean rotation. J Trop Soil 17: 75-84.Wang W, RC Dalal and PW Moody. 2001. Evaluation of the microwave irradiation method for measuring soil microbial biomass. Soil Sci Soc Am J 65: 1696-1703.Wright AL and FM Hons. 2004. Soil aggregation and carbon and nitrogen storage under soybean cropping sequences. Soil Sci Soc Am J 68: 507-513. Zibilske LM, JM Bradford and JR Smart. 2002. Conservation tillage induced change in organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in a semi-arid alkaline subtropical soil. Soil Till Res 66: 153-163.

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Hyun, Hyesun, Bo Sun, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Teresa Griffin, Juanzhu Yan, Albert Wielgus, Yue Wang, Tian Zhang, Jianjun Cheng, and Andrew Z. Wang. "Abstract 296: Antigen-independent delivery of 4-1BB agonist to the tumor microenvironment improves immune response while reducing hepatotoxicity." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-296.

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Abstract Background: Clinical progress of α4-1BB has been impeded by hepatotoxicity. Current research is focused on improving targeted delivery of α4-1BB to the tumor using tumor-specific markers. However, targeted delivery of 4-1BB agonists to tumors faces challenges due to a lack of tumor biomarkers and effector T cells within tumors. To overcome these challenges, we developed antigen-independent targeting approach based on unnatural sugar-mediated metabolic glycoengineering and bio-orthogonal click chemistry to deliver α4-1BB to tumors. We utilized nanoparticles that can deliver a sugar analogue containing click-chemistry moiety to the tumor microenvironment. Method: The Ac4ManNAz was loaded in mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles (MazNP), and the loading efficiency was determined by HPLC. DBCO-functionalized α4-1BB (DBCO-α4-1BB) was synthesized via amine-NHS coupling reaction. The tumor inhibition efficiency was assessed on mice bearing different tumor models. Mice were either inoculated subcutaneously on the left flank (75,000 B16F10 cells) or injected on the left fourth mammary fat pad (100,000 4T1 cells). Mice were given MazNPs (IV) on day 5, 6, 10, and 11, and DBCO-α4-1BB (IV) and αPD-1 (IP) on day 8 and 13. T lymphocytes were analyzed by fluorescent IF staining. Serum liver enzyme was examined to evaluate hepatotoxicity of treatments. Liver pathology was assessed by H&E and CD8+ IHC staining. Results: The αPD1 plus DBCO-α4-1BB with MazNPs showed a 36.4% cure rate, compared to 0% of αPD1 plus DBCO-α4-1BB or αPD1 plus DBCO-α4-1BB with free Ac4ManNAz in B16F10 melanoma model. We then re-challenged the cured mice with 200,000 B16F10 cells and 50% of cured mice survived without any further treatment. In 4T1 breast cancer model, the survival data analyzed using the log-rank test showed that the median survival of αPD1 plus DBCO-α4-1BB with MazNP was increased by 71%, compared to the PBS, and 26% αPD1 plus α4-1BB or αPD1 plus DBCO-α4-1BB with free Ac4ManNAz. We showed that the involvement of NK and CD8+ T cells in the antitumor efficacy of αPD1 plus DBCO-α4-1BB with MazNP. Notably, a massive CD8+ T cell infiltration in the liver was observed in both αPD1 plus α4-1BB (29.8 ± 18.2%) and αPD1 plus DBCO-α4-1BB with Ac4ManNAz (22.1 ± 10.9), significantly higher than PBS control (0.9 ± 0.6%), while the percentage of CD8+ T cells in the MazNP treatment (5.4 ± 5.8%) was five times lower. Hepatotoxicity was further confirmed by serum liver enzyme analysis that ALT and AST levels were substantially elevated by αPD1 plus α4-1BB or αPD1 plus DBCO-α4-1BB with free Ac4ManNAz, as compared to PBS control group, while the MazNP-treated mice had normal serum ALT and AST levels except for one. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that antigen-independent targeted delivery of α4-1BB can improve anti-tumor immune responses while reducing hepatotoxicity. Citation Format: Hyesun Hyun, Bo Sun, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Teresa Griffin, Juanzhu Yan, Albert Wielgus, Yue Wang, Tian Zhang, Jianjun Cheng, Andrew Z. Wang. Antigen-independent delivery of 4-1BB agonist to the tumor microenvironment improves immune response while reducing hepatotoxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 296.

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Chung, Juliette Yuehtsen. "Bo Liang. Ji shu yu di guo yi yan jiu: riben zai Zhongguo de zhi min ke yan ji gou [Researches on Technology and Imperialism: Japanese Colonial Scientific Research Institutes in China]. (Zhongguo jin xian dai ke xue ji shu shi yan jiu cong shu.). 345 pp., figs., tables, bibl., index. Jinan: Shandong jiao yu chu ban she [Shandong Education Press], 2006. ¥38 (paper).Jianping Han;, Xingsui Cao;, Liwei Wu. Ri wei shi qi de zhi min di ke yan ji gou: li shi yu wen xian [Colonial Scientific Institutions during the Japanese Occupation and Puppet Manchukuo Period: History and Literature]. (Zhongguo jin xian dai ke xue ji shu shi yan jiu cong shu.). 468 pp., figs., bibl., index. Jinan: Shandong jiao yu chu ban she [Shandong Education Press], 2006. ¥49 (paper)." Isis 99, no. 2 (June 2008): 429–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/591369.

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Wang, Changjun, Yidong Zhou, Yan Lin, Feng Mao, Jinghong Guan, Xiaohui Zhang, Songjie Shen, et al. "Abstract OT1-12-03: Phase II study of pyrotinib plus nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for lymph node-negative (N0) or micrometastatic (N1mi), HER2-positive early breast cancer (PHAEDRA)." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): OT1–12–03—OT1–12–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-ot1-12-03.

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Abstract Background: Nowadays, dual HER2-targeted therapy has become the mainstay for high-risk HER2-positive breast cancer. However, for low-risk resectable HER2-positive breast cancer, the optimal adjuvant regimen remains inconclusive. Mono anti-HER2 antibody combined with single-agent chemotherapy has become a recommended adjuvant regimen for N0, small HER2-positive tumors, but there is scarcity of evidence on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for low-risk HER2-positive breast cancer. The randomized phase III PHOEBE trial has proved the superiority of pyrotinib, a novel irreversible pan-ErbB receptor TKI targeting HER1, HER2, and HER4, over lapatinib when in combination with capecitabine for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. We believe pyrotinib can also show promising activity in early breast cancer. Regarding the chemotherapy backbone, nab-paclitaxel exhibits its therapeutic advantage over solvent-based paclitaxel and is widely used in combination with immunotherapy. This study is conducted to evaluate pyrotinib plus nab-paclitaxel in the adjuvant setting for patients with low-risk HER2-positive breast cancer. Moreover, diarrhea is the most common adverse event of pan-HER TKIs. Given the unknown incidence and severity of diarrhea with pyrotinib plus nab-paclitaxel and no consensus on therapeutic or prophylactic strategy of pyrotinib-related diarrhea, a sub-study is conducted to investigate the effect of different prophylactic strategies with loperamide for diarrhea. Trial design: This is a multicenter, open-label, single-arm phase II study. Patients will receive nab-paclitaxel 260 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks for 12 weeks and pyrotinib 240 mg once daily for one year within 90 days after surgery. In the sub-study, 120 patients will be randomly (1:1) assigned to two cohorts. Cohort A will receive loperamide during cycle 1 of adjuvant therapy with pyrotinib plus nab-paclitaxel, at a dose of 4 mg three times a day on days 1-7 and 4 mg twice a day on days 8-21. Cohort B will receive loperamide during cycles 1 and 2 of adjuvant therapy, at a dose of 4 mg three times a day on days 1-7 and 4 mg twice a day on days 8-42. Eligibility criteria: Women aged 18-75 years with histologically confirmed N0/N1mi, HER2-positive invasive breast cancer, primary tumor ≤3 cm, ECOG performance score of 0 or 1, known hormone receptor status, and adequate bone marrow, hepatic, renal, and cardiac function. Aims: The primary endpoint is invasive disease-free survival (iDFS). Secondary endpoints are safety and tolerability. In the sub-study, the primary endpoint is the incidence of grade ≥3 diarrhea, and secondary endpoints include the incidence and severity of diarrhea during the first 2 cycles of adjuvant therapy, the incidence and severity of constipation, the onset time, frequency and duration of grade ≥3 diarrhea, relationship between diarrhea and study drugs, the incidence of dose reduction, discontinuation and hospitalization due to diarrhea, and quality of life questionnaire score using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast. Statistical methods: The primary efficacy analysis will be performed in the full analysis set, defined as all patients with at least one dose of study drug. iDFS will be estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Safety will be analyzed in the safety set, defined as all patients with at least one dose of study drug and at least one safety assessment. Accrual: Target accrual is 261 patients at approximately 5 sites in China. The first patient was enrolled on January 14, 2021. Accrual is ongoing. Citation Format: Changjun Wang, Yidong Zhou, Yan Lin, Feng Mao, Jinghong Guan, Xiaohui Zhang, Songjie Shen, Xuejing Wang, Yanna Zhang, Bo Pan, Ying Zhong, Li Peng, Xi Cao, Ru Yao, Xingtong Zhou, Chi Xu, Ying Xu, Qiang Sun. Phase II study of pyrotinib plus nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for lymph node-negative (N0) or micrometastatic (N1mi), HER2-positive early breast cancer (PHAEDRA) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-12-03.

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Yin, Bo, Haiyong He, Jiande Lin, Youran Hong, Boshi Cheng, Lin Zhu, Hualong He, Mingchan Ma, and Jiangwei Wang. "Correction: Bichannel design inspired by membrane pump: a rate booster for the conversion-type anode of sodium-ion battery." Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ta90094g.

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Correction for ‘Bichannel design inspired by membrane pump: a rate booster for the conversion-type anode of sodium-ion battery’ by Bo Yin et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 3373–3381, https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta10343a.

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Lai, Tri. "New Aspects of Regions whose Tilings are Enumerated by Perfect Powers." Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 20, no. 4 (December 17, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.37236/3186.

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In 2003, Ciucu presented a unified way to enumerate tilings of lattice regions by using a certain Reduction Theorem (J. Algebraic Combin., 2003). In this paper we continue this line of work by investigating new families of lattice regions whose tilings are enumerated by perfect powers or products of several perfect powers. We prove a multi-parameter generalization of Bo-Yin Yang's theorem on fortresses (Ph.D. thesis, MIT, 1991). On the square lattice with zigzag paths, we consider two particular families of regions whose numbers of tilings are always a power of 3 or twice a power of 3. The latter result provides a new proof for a conjecture of Matt Blum first proved by Ciucu. We also consider several new lattices obtained by periodically applying two simple subgraph replacement rules to the square lattice. On some of those lattices, we get new families of regions whose numbers of tilings are given by products of several perfect powers. In addition, we prove a simple product formula for the number of tilings of a certain family of regions on a variant of the triangular lattice.

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"FDA warns not to use Bo Ying Compound." Reactions Weekly 1522, no. 1 (October 2014): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40278-014-3973-9.

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Ojo, Akinloye. "Oríṣiríṣi àwọn Akẹ́kọ̀ọ́ ní Kíláàsì Yorùbá fún Àjòjì àti oríṣi àwọn ọ̀nà Ìkédè wọn." Yoruba Studies Review 1, no. 2 (December 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v1i2.130141.

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Ijapa bo, o ni ohun ti eniyan ba moo se, bi idan nii ri. Amo sa, ki i le se ohunkohun lo dabi idan, igbaradi ati ipalemo to ye se pataki pupo. Ninu apileko yii, a o soro nipa okan pataki ninu awom eroja ti o se koko fun kiko ajoji ni ede ati asa Yoruba ni akoyege. Eroja yi ni ise ti oluko kookan gbodo se lati da orisi awon akekoo ti won wa ni kilaasi mo ati lati yara se amodaju orisi ona ti onikaluku won n gba kekoo paapaa julo ikede won. Awon itoka ti a se ninu apileko yii yoo da lorii gbogdo iriri ati akitiyan ti a ti n se fun igba die ti a ti nko orisiriawon ajoji ni ede ati asa Yoruba ni ilu Amerika. Laarin akoko yi, a ti ko awon akekoo yunifasiti ti o le nigba ni akoyege. Enikan ki i gbon tan. Yato si iriri tiwa, a o tun mulo lara imo awon ti won ti n ko ajoji ni ede ati asa Yoruba nile ati lokeere fun igba die lati fi kun gbogbo alaye inu apileko yi. Aleye awon rikan ti a ti ri pe o se koko, ti o si ti wulo ninu akiti-yan atiko awon ajoji lede ati lasa abinibi wa ni a se akojopo re sino apileko yii.

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SUBAŞI, Kenan, Aydın MERAL, and Bahattin AKHAN. "Analysis of Alaaddin Seccadi's Children's and Early Youth Stories According to Children's Literature Criteria." Journal of Mesopotamian Studies, September 19, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35859/jms.2022.1156114.

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Children’s and early youth’s literature have started as a subbranch of modern literature at the modern schools and although its first goal that children education and reading practice implementation today in many ways this variety of literature expanded to a large area and it produced lot of works. Since the Kurds have not been given the right to education or because they have not been given locally and piecemeal as a whole, Kurdish children's readers have not become a serious mass. Such a situation inevitably affected the development of Kurdish children's literature negatively. Despite of these bad conditions on south Kurdistan which has usual a partial education due to we can encounter lots of works –especially stories and poems- at children’s literature. Content of this article is that one of a personality Alaaddin Seccadi who avant garde at the authorship of stories of children. Seccadi wrote six stories for children in the 1940s and in this article these six stories evaluated according to criterion of children literature. At the result of our assessment determined Allaadin Seccadi wrote his stories as like his period mind which has stylistic of children reality frame and been seem that he had similarity with other nations storyteller of child who at the same term with him.

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KAPLAN, Yaşar. "Kürt Folklorundaki Anlatı Türleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme (Destan, Beyt ve Şarkısal Anlatılar)." International Journal of Kurdish Studies, August 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21600/ijoks.1144690.

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Folklora kurdî ji alîyê şarezayên babetê ve wekî qadeke gelek berfireh û dewlemend tête danasîn. Bi rastî di van salên dawîyê xebatên li ser tomarkirin, twîjandin û senifandina folklora kurdî da werarek peyda bûye. Lê belê li dû vê berfirehî û dewlemendîya folklora kurdî xebatên zanistî yên li dor danasîn, vavartin û dîyarkirina tuxûbên cûrên edebiyata devkî hêj di asta pêdivî da nîne. Di xebatên li ser folklora kurdî da babeta ji hemîyan aloztir jêkvavartina hinek cûreyan û navlêkirina wan e. Ev alozî taybetî di danasîn, navlêkirin û dîyarkirina tuxîbên cûreyên vegêranê (narrative genres) da dîyar dibin. Meqseda me ji cûreyên vegêranê, vegêranên kurdî yên helbestkî û helbest-pexşan ên dirêj in ku destan, beyt û vegêranên strankî di nava xwe da vedigire. Her çend cûreyên vegêranê wekî xwerû helbestkî, xwerû pexşanî û helbest-pexşanî dabeş bibin jî em di nivîsarê da cih nedine vegêranên xwerû pexşanî. Armanca vê xebatê danasîna cûreyên vêgêranê, dîyarkirina sînorên wan ên edebî û destnîşankirina taybetîyên wan e. Ji bo vê çendê destan, beyt û vegêranên strankî dê di gel hevdû bêne mûqarenekirin, cudahî û wekhevîyên wan da dê bêne tesbîtkirin. Herwesa cûreyên vegêranê ji alîyê naverok, teşe, îcraker, motif û tema û erdnîgarî û hewza çandî ve dê bêne helsengandin.

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"Erratum: Ying-Tao Yu and Bo-Qing Xu, Shape-controlled synthesis of Pt evolution of the tetrahedral shape.Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2006; 20: 638–647." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 21, no. 3 (2007): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.1164.

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YAVUZER, Mehmet Nur. "BERBERÎYA EVÎN û NASNAMEYÊ û REWŞA TRAJÎK di ROMANA SÎYA EVÎNÊ da." Kurdiyat, June 16, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55118/kurdiyat.1116823.

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Trajîka ku di puxta jîyanê û ya meriv da heye, xwe li ser meriv û bûyeran va dide nîşan. Trajîk; berberî, hilbijartina mecbûrî, wêranî û êşê dihewîne. Wek rastîyeke meriv trajîk, di dîrokê da zêdetir bala kesên ku bi felsefe, edebîyat, şano û hunerên dîtbarîyê va mijûlin kişandiye ku ew li ser trajîkê hûr bûne, wê lêkolîn kirine, herwiha trajîkê di berhemên xwe da dane nîşan. Kirûya trajîkê, di serî da di tragedyayên Yewnana kevn da cih girtiye, rihê wê serdema pirxwedayî û çarenûsa karakterên malmezin ya ku bi têkçûnekê bi encam dibû, di şanoyên wê serdemê da derketiye li pêş bîneran. Di serdema nûjen da, xêncî berhemên tragedyayê, ku girîngîya wan kêm bûye, bi taybet di romana ku rewacê da bû, bûyer, rewş û karakterên trajîk yên ku rihê serdema nûjen nîşan dane, derdikevin li pêş xwîneran. Ya ku trajîk e bi awayên cihêreng xwe nîşan bide jî, ew zêdetir di qada nirxan da û di berberîya nirxan da derdikeve der. Di rewşa trajîkê da kes, bi du nirxên erênî va ribirû dimîne ku divê yek ji wan hilbijêre, dema ku ji wan yekî hildibijêre, nirxa din ji holê radike û ev hilbijartina mecbûrî, wî/wê ber bi wêranbûnekê va dixijikîne. Evîn û nasname di cihana nirxan da du hêmanên girîng in. Evîn, hesteke xurt û bengî ya meriv e, ku ew ji bo meriv û jîyanê çavkanîyeke enerjîyê ye. Ew, di heman demê da nirxeke çêker û gihaner e. Nasnameya ku aîdîyetan dihundirîne, li ser bingeha cudatîyan, li ser kîbûn û ji kûbûna kes yan jî komekê radiweste, bi vî awayî kes û komê dide nasîn. Evîn, ku hesteke xurt û nirxeke bilind ya merivayetîyê ye û nirxên nasnameyî ku ji bo kes û komê girîng in, di serdema nûjen da wek du nirx û mijarên berberîyê, bûne çavkanîya derbûna puxta trajîk, ya ku di meriv da heye. Evîn û nasname du temayên sereke yên romanên Mehmed Uzun (1953-2007) in ku yek ji wan romanan Sîya Evînê ye. Romana Sîya Evînê rewşeke trajîkê dihewîne ku ev xebat di vê romanê da li ser berberîya du nirxan, ya evîn û nasnameyê radiweste, jînenîgarîya trajîk ya ronakbîrekî Kurd yê ku di navbera van herdu nirxan da maye, hilbijartinek kiriye û ber bi rewşeke trajîk va xijikîye hur dibe, rewşa trajîk ya ku di romanê da derdibe, radixe li ber çavan.

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"9540462 Study of mixed state for natural gas automobile mixer part one: Mixed phenomenon in two dimension model of mixer Xu Bo Yan (Chiba University), Mikio Furuyama (Chiba University)." JSAE Review 17, no. 1 (January 1996): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0389-4304(96)83337-6.

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Miao, Yunfa, Mingxing Xiang, Teng Zhang, and Sophie Warny. "Comment on “An equable subtropical climate throughout China in the Miocene based on palaeofloral evidence” by Qing Wang, Yan Li David K. Ferguson, Wen-Bo Mo, and Nan Yang, Earth-Science Reviews, [Earth-Science Reviews 218 (2021) 103649]." Earth-Science Reviews, April 2022, 104020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104020.

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"Erratum: Sorting of transgenic secretory proteins in miniature pig parotid glands following adenoviral-mediated gene transfer Xing Yan, Antonis Voutetakis, Changyu Zheng, Bo Hai, Chunmei Zhang, Bruce J. Baum, Songlin Wang.Journal of Gene Medicine 2007; 9: 779–787." Journal of Gene Medicine 9, no. 12 (2007): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgm.1134.

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Thanh Huyen, Le, Dao Sy Duc, Nguyen Xuan Hoan, Nguyen Huu Tho, and Nguyen Xuan Viet. "Synthesis of Fe3O4-Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Tissue-Paper and Application in the Treatment of Methylene Blue." VNU Journal of Science: Natural Sciences and Technology 35, no. 3 (September 20, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4883.

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Graphene-based composites have received a great deal of attention in recent year because the presence of graphene can enhance the conductivity, strength of bulk materials and help create composites with superior qualities. Moreover, the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles such as Fe3O4 can improve the catalytic efficiency of composite material. In this work, we have synthesized a composite material with the combination of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and Fe3O4 modified tissue-paper (mGO-PP) via a simple hydrothermal method, which improved the removal efficiency of the of methylene blue (MB) in water. MB blue is used as the model of contaminant to evaluate the catalytic efficiency of synthesized material by using a Fenton-like reaction. The obtained materials were characterized by SEM, XRD. The removal of materials with methylene blue is investigated by UV-VIS spectroscopy, and the result shows that mGO-PP composite is the potential composite for the color removed which has the removal efficiency reaching 65% in acetate buffer pH = 3 with the optimal time is 7 h. Keywords Graphene-based composite, methylene blue, Fenton-like reaction. References [1] Ma Joshi, Rue Bansal, Reng Purwar, Colour removal from textile effluents, Indian Journal of Fibre & Textile Research, 29 (2004) 239-259 http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/24631.[2] Kannan Nagar, Sundaram Mariappan, Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption on various carbons-a comparative study, Dyes and pigments, 51 (2001) 25-40 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-7208(01)00056-0.[3] K Rastogi, J. N Sahu, B. C Meikap, M. 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