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1
Oh, Sang Hyon. "Estimation of Genetic Parameters for Boar Semen Traits." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04182003-114352/.
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During the last half of the 20th century, the world pork industry has achieved astonishing developments in pig breeding. Now swine farms are larger, ownership more concentrated, and farms have become more industrialized. Artificial insemination (AI) plays an important role in animal breeding increasing utilization of genetically superior sires. Currently boars selected for commercial use as AI sires are evaluated on grow-finish performance and carcass characteristics. The objectives of this study were to (A) estimate genetic correlations between production and semen traits in the boar; average daily gain (ADG), back fat thickness (BF) and muscle depth (MD) as production traits, and total sperm cells (TSC), total concentration (TC), volume collected (SV), number of extended doses (ND), and acceptance rate of ejaculates (AR) as semen traits; (B) to model the variances and covariances of total sperm cells (× 109) over the active lifetime of AI boars; and (C) to compare multiple traits and random regression analyses applied to total sperm cells (TSC). Average heritability estimates were 0.39 for ADG, 0.32 for BF, 0.15 for MD, and repeatability estimates were 0.38 for SV, 0.37 for TSC, 0.09 for TC, 0.39 for ND, and 0.16 for AR. Semen traits showed negative genetic correlations with MD. Genetic correlations would indicate that current selection objectives are having a negative effect on semen traits. Therefore, current AI boar selection practices may be having a detrimental effect on semen production. In random regression analysis for total sperm cells, maximum log likelihood value was observed for sixth, fifth, and seventh order polynomials for fixed, additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, respectively. Best fit as determined by Akaike's Information Criterion was based on a model with sixth, fourth, and seventh order polynomials for fixed, additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, respectively. Best fit as determined by Schwarz Criterion was by fitting fourth, second, and seventh order polynomials for fixed, additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, respectively. Heritability estimates for total sperm cells ranged from 0.27 to 0.61 across age of boar classifications. Heritability for total sperm cells tended to increase with age of boar classification. The cyclic nature of heritability for total sperm cells that was observed over the active lifetime of boars may be due in part to number of observations across seasons limiting our ability to correct for seasonal effects on sperm production. In MTDFREML analysis, heritability estimates of 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, and 27 months of age were, respectively, 0.28, 0.29, 0.26, 0.27, 0.30, 0.79, and 0.41. The results from MTDFREML seemed to be overestimated when compared to random regression. Therefore, random regression methods are the most appropriate to analyze semen traits as they are longitudinal data measured over the boars lifetime.
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Medrano, Hernandez Jose Alfredo. "The importance of individual variation in Boar semen cryopreservation." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299995.
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Saravia, Fernando. "Deep freezing of concentrated boar semen for intra-uterine insemination /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/9815944.pdf.
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Eriksson, Bengt. "Cryopreservation of boar semen : studies on sperm viability in vitro and fertility /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5903-6.pdf.
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Speight, Susan Michelle. "Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, and Reproductive Characteristics in Boars Fed Diets Supplemented With an Organic Source of Selenium." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29584.
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The objectives of this study were to assess growth and reproductive performance of boars fed a diet supplemented with organic selenium (Se). Crossbred boars received one of three treatments: I. basal diet with no supplemental Se, II. basal diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm organic Se (Sel-Plex), and, III. basal diet supplemented with 0.3 ppm sodium selenite. Nursery (n = 13 pens/treatment) boar performance was not affected (P > 0.1) by diet and only grow-finish (n = 11 pens/treatment) G:F was greater (P < 0.06) for Sel-Plex (0.378) compared with selenite (0.368) or control (0.363) boars. At 15-mo of age semen was collected from boars (n = 10/treatment) over 5-d. Semen quality declined over time, but the negative impact day had on sperm motility was less pronounced with Sel-Plex boars. Effects of treatment x day were detected for progressively motile (P = 0.02) and rapidly moving (P = 0.03) spermatozoa, sperm path velocity (VAP; P = 0.05), and average velocity (VSL; P = 0.05). At 17-mo of age, semen was collected from boars (n = 10/treatment), extended and stored over 10-d. Although semen quality decreased over time, sperm from Sel-Plex boars resisted the negative effects of day on sperm motility and pH. Effects of treatment x day were detected for percent motile spermatozoa (P < 0.01), static spermatozoa (P < 0.01), VAP (P = 0.06), amplitude of head displacement (ALH; P = 0.02), straightness (P = 0.01), and pH (P < 0.01). At 23-mo of age, semen was collected (day 0) from boars (n = 6/treatment), extended, stored and evaluated at d 1 and 8 using in vitro fertilization. Dietary Se treatment failed to affect (P < 0.05) in vitro fertilizing rates of boars. In summary, dietary supplementation with Sel-Plex enhanced G:F in grow/finish boars. Dietary Sel-Plex supplementation may decrease the effects that stressors, such as intensive semen collection or semen storage, have on boar sperm characteristics such as sperm motility. The mechanisms for these responses remain to be elucidated.Ph. D.
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Ekwall, Hans. "Electron microscopy of cryopreserved boar spermatozoa : with special reference to cryo-scanning electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007123.pdf.
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Kozink, Daniel Michael. "Enhancing Boar Reproductive Performance for Purposes of Artificial Insemination." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46182.
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The objectives were to: 1) determine if im treatments of Lutalyse expedited the training of sexually inexperienced boars for semen collection and increased spermatozoal output, and 2) determine the effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on boar libido, semen quality, sperm production, and maintenance of sperm motility during liquid storage. Experiment 1 utilized lean-type, terminal-line boars (National Pig Development, Roanoke Rapids, NC) (n = 40; 177.4 ± 2.4 d of age and 112.8 ± 2.0 kg body weight) that had not previously experienced natural mating. Boars were individually moved twice weekly for 6 weeks (total of 12 training sessions) to a semen collection room equipped with an artificial sow. Upon entering the semen collection room, boars received in treatments of either deionized water (4 mL, n = 10) or Lutalyse at doses of 5 mg (n = 10), 10 mg (n = 10), or 20 mg (n = 10), and subsequently received a libido score of 1 to 5 (1 = no interest in the artificial sow; 5 = mounting the artificial sow and allowing semen collection). The percentages of boars successfully trained for semen collection during the experimental period were similar (P > 0.05) for controls (20%) and boars receiving 5 mg (30%), 10 mg (20%), or 20 mg (10%) of Lutalyse. Average libido score for boars receiving 10 mg Lutalyse (2.35 ± 0.08) was greater (P < 0.05) than for controls (2.14 ± 0.06). Libido score for the 20 mg treatment group were (1.78 ± 0.06) lower (P < 0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. Characteristics of ejaculates (volume, gel weight, sperm concentration, total spermatozoa) from control boars and boars treated with Lutalyse at doses of 5, 10, or 20 mg were similar (P > 0.05). For Exp. 2, the same group of boars was utilized in two similar trials (Trial 1, 1a, 1b: n = 9 for control and L-carnitine-treated boars; Trial 2, 2a, 2b: n = 10 for control and L-carnitine-treated boars). Boars were fed a fortified, corn and soybean meal-based diet at a rate of 2 kg/d. Boars that were randomly selected for L-carnitine treatment received the same diet mixed with L-carnitine to achieve supplementation of 500 mg/d. For 16 wk, semen was collected weekly via the gloved hand method and was analyzed for gel-free volume, gel weight, sperm concentration, sperm per ejaculate, and characteristics of sperm motility. Time to ejaculation (reaction time), duration of ejaculation, and number of false mounts were also recorded for each collection. Trials 1a and 2a were conducted during weeks 16 and 17 for each respective trial. Boars were collected once on 4 consecutive days, allowed 4 d of rest, and then collected again, to estimate daily spermatozoal production. At the end of 16 wk, a semen sample was also processed and extended in Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) to achieve a dilution of 3 x 109 spermatozoa/100 mL-dose for Trials 1b and 2b. The extended semen was stored in plastic bottles at 18°C and motility was evaluated daily for 7 d post collection. L-carnitine supplementation for 16 wk had no effects on semen volume, gel weight, total number of sperm cells per ejaculate, reaction time, or sperm motility (P > 0.1). Boars receiving the L-carnitine-supplemented diet displayed an increase in the number of false mounts before ejaculating and an increase in sperm concentration (P < 0.05) in Trial 2. A treatment by week interaction was detected for sperm concentration in Trial 2 (P < 0.005). Increased sperm concentrations in L-carnitine-treated boars were demonstrated after only one week of feeding the respective diets. Given that the production of a mature sperm cell requires 7 to 8 wk in boars, it is therefore difficult to conclude that differences in sperm concentration were due solely to treatment. Daily spermatozoal production was similar between control boars and boars supplemented with L-carnitine (P > 0.1) for both Trials 1a and 2a. L-carnitine supplementation did not affect percent motility in Trials 1b and 2b or sperm progressive motility in Trial 2b during 7 d storage (P > 0.1). A treatment by day interaction was determined for sperm velocity (P < 0.05) in Trial 2b. L-carnitine supplementation decreased mean sperm velocity significantly after 2 d of storage. Overall, L-carnitine had no beneficial effects on boar libido, semen quality, sperm production, or maintenance of sperm motility during liquid storage. However, Lutalyse increased libido scores, but did not affect the number of boars trained for semen collection or number of spermatozoa ejaculated.Master of Science
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Hooper, Paul Nicholas. "The resistance of liquid extended boar semen to environmental stress encountered during air transport." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333488.
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Prieto, Martínez Noelia. "Aquaporins in boar and bull spermatozoa: identification and functional implications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405771.
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Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteins involved in the transport of water and some other solutes across plasma membranes. The fact that mammalian spermatozoa are highly permeable to water suggests the presence of these proteins. Taking into account that AQPs have been poorly studied in male germ cells, the present Thesis Dissertation is focused on the study of the presence, localisation and function of AQP3, AQP7 and AQP11 in the sperm of two major livestock species (porcine and bovine). On the one hand, this Thesis has demonstrated that these three proteins are found in different regions (head, neck or tail) of the ejaculated sperm in both species. On the other hand, this Dissertation has determined the relationship of the relative abundance of AQP3, AQP7 and AQP11 with sperm cryotolerance and in vitro fertilizing ability of frozen-thawed sperm. Following this, AQP3 and AQP7 have been found to be freezability markers in boar sperm, whereas AQP7 and AQP11 have been indentified to be crucial for bull sperm cryotolerance. Altogether, these results contribute to increase our knowledge about the function of these proteins in mammalian sperm and may also allow the selection of those fresh ejaculates that exhibit higher sperm cryotolerance.Les aquaporines són proteïnes relacionades amb el transport d’aigua i altres soluts a través de les membranes plasmàtiques. El fet que l’espermatozoide madur de mamífer sigui una cèl·lula altament permeable a l’aigua suggereix la presència d’aquestes proteïnes. Tenint en compte que les aquaporines s’han estudiat més aviat poc en les cèl·lules germinals masculines, aquesta Tesi Doctoral s’ha centrat en l’estudi de la presència, localització i funció de les aquaporines 3, 7 i 11 en els espermatozoides de dues espècies d’interès productiu (porcina i bovina). D’una banda, aquest estudi ha demostrat que aquestes tres proteïnes es troben en diferents regions (cap, coll o cua) dels espermatozoides d’ambdues espècies. D’altra banda, aquesta Tesi també ha determinat que hi ha una relació entre la quantitat relativa d’aquestes proteïnes, la criotolerància de les ejaculacions i la capacitat fecundant in vitro després de la descongelació, de tal manera que es pot considerar que les AQP3 i AQP7 són marcadors de congelabilitat de l’esperma porcí i les AQP7 i AQP11 ho són de l’esperma boví. En conjunt, tots aquests resultats contribueixen a incrementar el nostre coneixement sobre el paper d’aquestes proteïnes en els espermatozoides de mamífer i permeten una millor selecció de les ejaculacions prèvia a la seva conservació.
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Casas, Roqueta Isabel. "A practical approach on boar sperm cryodamage. Morphofunctional and immunocytochemical study of cryopreserved boar sperm intended for use in artificial insemination." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7642.
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L'ús d'esperma criopreservada en la inseminació artificial (IA) d'espècies d'interès productiu permet un major control sanitari i la creació de bancs de germoplasma d'alt valor genètic, entre d'altres avantatges. En el mercat porcí la major part de les inseminacions són encara realitzades amb semen refrigerat degut a l'èxit de l'aplicació de diluents de llarga durada i també a causa de la sensibilitat de l'esperma porcina a la criopreservació. Malgrat que aquesta sensibilitat ve donada per característiques particulars de la fisiologia espermàtica en l'espècie, algunes ejaculacions mantenen els paràmetres de qualitat espermàtica després de la criopreservació (ejaculacions amb bona "congelabilitat", GFEs) enfront d'altres que no sobreviuen al procés (ejaculacions amb mala "congelabilitat", PFEs). El primer objectiu de l'estudi va ser comparar ambdós grups en termes de fertilitat in vivo. El segon objectiu va ser testar l'eficiència de la inseminació postcervical (post-CAI) amb l'esperma criopreservada. El tercer objectiu va ser buscar predictors de la congelabilitat de les ejaculacions, tant en les GFEs com en les PFEs i en tres passos del procés de criopreservació (a 17ºC, a 5ºC i a 240 min postdescongelació). Aquest objectiu es va dur a terme mitjançant l'avaluació de paràmetres convencionals de qualitat espermàtica i a través de l'estudi de la localització i la reactivitat sota el microscopi de tres proteïnes (GLUT3, HSP90AA1 i Cu/ZnSOD) relacionades amb la fisiologia espermàtica i amb possibles rols en la congelabilitat. El quart objectiu va ser quantificar l'expressió de les tres proteïnes per transferència western, tant en espermatozoides d'ejaculacions GFEs com en els d'ejaculacions PFEs i en els tres passos abans esmentats, per tal de determinar el seu potencial com a predictores de la congelabilitat. Pel primer i el segon objectiu, 86 truges van ser inseminades per post-CAI amb 26 ejaculacions de mascles Piétrain dividides en una porció refrigerada a 17ºC (tractament control) i una porció criopreservada, ambdues porcions classificades alhora com a GFEs o PFEs. Els resultats més rellevants van demostrar que les probabilitats d'embaràs eren dues vegades menors en inseminacions amb esperma criopreservada d'ejaculacions PFEs (P < 0.05) que en inseminacions amb esperma criopreservada d'ejaculacions GFEs, fet que indica que les ejaculacions amb percentatges elevats d'espermatozoides mòbils progressius i d'integritat de membrana (per sobre del 40% en les GFEs) són més favorables a provocar embarassos que no pas aquelles ejaculacions amb una pobra funció espermàtica in vitro (PFEs). Ni el nombre de truges que van donar a llum, ni la quantitat de garrins, ni el risc de reflux espermàtic van ser significativament diferents entre les inseminacions amb esperma criopreservada d'ejaculacions GFEs i les inseminacions control amb semen refrigerat, la qual cosa demostra la bona aplicabilitat de la inseminació post-CAI amb l'esperma criopreservada. Finalment, pel tercer i quart objectius van ser criopreservades 29 i 11 ejaculacions de mascles Piétrain, respectivament. Dos paràmetres cinètics espermàtics, la linealitat (LIN) i la rectitud (STR), van mostrar una hiperactivació de la mobilitat superior en les ejaculacions PFEs que en les GFEs després de 30 min a 5ºC durant la criopreservació. A més, la combinació d'ambdós paràmetres va donar una fiabilitat propera al 72% en la predicció de la congelabilitat de les ejaculacions porcines. Tot i que no va ser possible predir la congelabilitat mitjançant l'avaluació de les tres proteïnes al microscopi, els resultats de transferència western van revelar diferències en l'expressió de la HSP90AA1 en l'esperma a 17ºC, molt possiblement relacionades amb la millor supervivència a la criopreservació dels espermatozoides d'ejaculacions GFEs. Aquests resultats suggereixen que la promoció de la criopreservació d'esperma porcina per la seva aplicació en IA passa pel desenvolupament de tests per la predicció de la congelabilitat en semen refrigerat.The use of frozen-thawed (FT) sperm in artificial insemination (AI) of species with productive interest allows higher sanitary control and the creation of high genetic value sperm banks, among other advantages. In the swine market, most inseminations are still performed with refrigerated semen (FS) because of the successful application of long-term extenders and the sensitivity of boar sperm to cryopreservation. Although this sensitivity is provided by particular features of the sperm physiology in boars, some boar ejaculates maintain the sperm quality parameters after freezing (good freezability ejaculates, GFEs) in front of others that do not survive the process (poor freezability ejaculates, PFEs). The first objective of the study was to compare both groups in terms of field fertility. The second objective was to test the efficiency of the post-cervical AI (post-CAI) with FT sperm. The third objective was to search for predictors of the ejaculate freezability by assessing, both in GFEs and in PFEs and in three steps during the cryopreservation procedure (17ºC, 5ºC and 240 min post-thaw), conventional sperm quality parameters and the location and reactivity, under the microscope, of three proteins related to the sperm physiology with potential roles in freezability (GLUT3, HSP90AA1 and Cu/ZnSOD). The fourth objective was to quantify, through western blotting, the expression of the three proteins, both in GFEs and in PFEs and in the three steps mentioned, to determine their potential as freezability predictors. For the first and second objectives, 86 sows were inseminated by post-CAI with 26 ejaculates from Piétrain boars divided into a 17ºC FS portion (control treatment) and a cryopreserved (FT) sperm portion, the two portions in turn classified into GFEs and PFEs. The most relevant outcomes were that the probabilities of pregnancy resulted two times lower after inseminations with FT-PFEs (P < 0.05) compared to FT-GFEs, which indicates that ejaculates with high post-thaw sperm progressive motility and membrane integrity (over 40% in GFEs) are more likely to result in pregnancies than those with poor in vitro sperm function (PFEs). Neither the number of farrowing sows and the litter size nor the risk of sperm backflow was significantly different in FT-GFEs from that achieved in FS control treatments, which showed the good applicability of post-CAI to boar FT sperm. For the third and fourth objectives, 29 and 11 Piétrain boar ejaculates, respectively, were cryopreserved. Two kinematic indices, the sperm linearity (LIN) and the sperm straightness (STR), revealed higher hyperactivated motility in PFEs than in GFEs when assessed after 30 min at 5ºC during cryopreservation, the combination of the two motility parameters showing around 72% confidence in the freezability prediction of ejaculates. Whereas it was not possible to predict the freezability of the boar ejaculates by assessing the three proteins under microscope, results from western blot showed differences in the HSP90AA1 expression in sperm at 17ºC that are most possibly related to the best cryosurvival of GFEs. This finding aims to promote the cryopreservation of boar sperm intended for use in AI through the development of tests for freezability prediction in FS.
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Blanco, Prieto Olga. "Photostimulation in boar sperm: mid-term effects, mechanism of action and “in-farm” applicability." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670408.
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L'exposició a patrons de llum específics dels espermatozoides de diferents espècies animals, ja siguin mamífers o no mamífers, com conill, gall dindi, petits remugants, humans, tilàpia, gos i toro, millora els paràmetres de motilitat i augmenta l'activitat mitocondrial de la citocrom C oxidasa. En els espermatozoides de porc, l'exposició a llum vermella LED de forma discontínua amb un protocol específic de 10 minuts de llum, 10 minuts de foscor i 10 minuts d'irradiació una altra vegada (procés 10'-10'-10 ') augmenta tant els paràmetres de qualitat de l'esperma in vitro com les taxes de fertilitat in vivo, encara que sorgeixen diversos dubtes respecte a l'aplicació pràctica a la granja de l'estimulació amb llum vermella de l'esperma de porc. Aquests dubtes es deuen a un escàs coneixement sobre qüestions molt importants com, per exemple, els mecanismes d'acció de la llum vermella i com poder optimitzar els protocols d'irradiació utilitzats. Per això, aquesta tesi doctoral se centra en les següents preguntes:
- Els efectes de la llum vermella LED sobre els paràmetres de qualitat de l'esperma de porc in vitro perduressin en el temps?
- L'activitat mitocondrial està relacionada amb els efectes observats de la irradiació amb llum vermella LED dels espermatozoides de porc?
- La irradiació amb llum vermella LED és una eina pràctica i factible per millorar les taxes de fertilitat en la cria de porcs?
Els resultats presentats en aquesta dissertació mostren que:
1. L'estimulació amb llum vermella LED dels espermatozoides de porc augmenta la seva resistència davant l'estrès tèrmic durant les primeres 48 h d'emmagatzematge a 17ºC.
2. L'estimulació amb llum vermella LED contribueix a el manteniment d'una estructura òptima de nucleoproteïnes de l'esperma de porc emmagatzemat a 17ºC durant 96 h.
3. Els efectes de la irradiació amb llum vermella sobre els espermatozoides de porc emmagatzemats a 17ºC durant 96 h depenen de el patró d'irradiació específic utilitzat.
4. Els efectes induïts per l'estimulació de la llum LED vermella en els espermatozoides de porc estan relacionats amb l'acció sobre l'activitat dels components fotosensibles del mitocondri, com la citocrom C oxidasa. Aquesta acció causarà com a conseqüència canvis significatius en l'activitat de la cadena d'electrons mitocondrials.
5. L'impacte de la llum vermella LED en l'activitat mitocondrial dels espermatozoides de porc depèn de l'estat funcional previ i precís de l'esperma i del temps d'exposició.
6. L'acció de la llum LED vermella a la cadena d'electrons d'esperma de porc no exclou altres mecanismes d'acció concomitants.
7. L'estimulació amb llum vermella LED de semen de porc abans de la IA en granges porcines pot tenir un efecte positiu en el rendiment reproductiu general d'aquestes granges. D'altra banda, l'efectivitat final general d'aquest mètode dependria d'altres factors, com el maneig adequat de la granja.
8. L'estimulació amb LED de llum vermella podria ser una forma econòmica i rendible de millorar la fertilitat i la prolificitat en les granges de truges, sempre que el maneig de les granges sigui adequat.La exposición a patrones de luz específicos de los espermatozoides de diferentes especies animales, ya sean mamíferos o no mamíferos, como conejo, pavo, pequeños rumiantes, humanos, tilapia, perro y toro; mejora los parámetros de movimiento y aumenta la actividad mitocondrial del citocromo C oxidasa. En los espermatozoides de cerdo, la exposición a luz roja LED de forma discontinua con un protocolo especifico de 10 minutos de luz, 10 minutos de oscuridad y otros 10 minutos de irradiación (proceso 10'-10'-10') aumenta tanto los parámetros de calidad del semen in vitro como las parametros de fertilidad in vivo, aunque surgen varias dudas respecto a la aplicación práctica en la granja de la estimulación con luz roja del esperma de cerdo. Estas dudas se deben a un escaso conocimiento sobre cuestiones muy importantes como, por ejemplo, los mecanismos de acción de la luz roja y cómo se pueden optimizar los protocolos de irradiación utilizados. Por ello, esta tesis doctoral se centra en las siguientes preguntas: - ¿Los efectos de la luz roja LED sobre los parámetros de calidad del semen de cerdo in vitro perdurarán en el tiempo? - ¿La actividad mitocondrial está relacionada con los efectos observados de la irradiación con luz roja LED de los espermatozoides de cerdo? - ¿La irradiación con luz roja LED es una herramienta práctica y factible para mejorar las tasas de fertilidad en la cría de cerdos? Los resultados presentados en esta disertación muestran que: 1. La estimulación con luz roja LED de los espermatozoides de cerdo aumenta su resistencia frente el estrés térmico durante las primeras 48 h de almacenamiento a 17ºC. 2. La estimulación con luz roja LED contribuye al mantenimiento de una estructura óptima de nucleoproteína del esperma de cerdo almacenado a 17ºC durante 96 h. 3. Los efectos de la irradiación con luz roja LED sobre los espermatozoides de cerdo almacenados a 17ºC durante 96 h dependen del patrón de irradiación específico utilizado. 4. Los efectos inducidos por la estimulación de la luz LED roja en los espermatozoides de cerdo están relacionados con la acción sobre la actividad de los componentes fotosensibles de la mitocondria, como la citocromo C oxidasa. Esta acción causará como consecuencia cambios significativos en la actividad de la cadena de electrones mitocondriales. 5. El impacto de la luz roja en la actividad mitocondrial de los espermatozoides de cerdo depende del estado funcional previo y preciso del esperma y del tiempo de exposición. 6. La acción de la luz LED roja en la cadena de electrones de esperma de cerdo no excluye otros mecanismos de acción concomitantes. 7. La estimulación con luz roja LED del semen de cerdo antes de la IA en granjas porcinas puede tener un efecto positivo en el rendimiento reproductivo general de estas granjas. Por otro lado, la efectividad final general de este método dependería de otros factores, como el manejo adecuado de la granja. 8. La estimulación con LED de luz roja podría ser una forma económica y rentable de mejorar la fertilidad y la prolificidad en las granjas de cerdas, siempre que el manejo de las granjas sea adecuado.
Exposition of sperm from separate species of mammalian and non-mammalian sperm such as rabbit, turkey, ram, human, tilapia, dog and bull to specific light patterns improves motion parameters as well as increases mitochondria cytochrome C oxidase activity. In boar sperm, the red light LED exposure in discontinuous irradiation with a specific protocol of 10 minutes light followed by 10 minutes in darkness and then again, a 10 minutes irradiation period (10'-10'-10' procedure) increases both in vitro semen quality parameters and in vivo fertility rates, although several doubts raise regarding the practical in-farm application of red light stimulation of boar sperm. These doubts are mainly linked to a poor knowledge regarding very important questions such as the mechanism/s of action of red light and how the utilized irradiation protocols can be optimized. In this sense, this PhD dissertation has been focused on the following questions: - Did the effects of red-light LED on in vitro semen quality parameters of boar sperm last over time? - Is mitochondrial activity related with the observed effects of red-light LED irradiation of boar sperm? - Is red light LED irradiation a practical and feasible tool to improve fertility rates in pig farming? Results shown in this dissertation indicate that: 1. Red-light LED stimulation of boar sperm increases their resilience to withstand thermal stress over the first 48 h of storage at 17ºC. 2. Red-light LED stimulation contributes to the maintenance of an optimal nucleoprotein structure of boar sperm stored at 17ºC for 96h. 3. Effects of red-light LED irradiation on boar sperm stored at 17ºC for 96h depend on the specific utilized irradiation pattern. 4. Effects induced by red LED light stimulation on boar sperm are related to the action on the activity of mitochondria photosensitive components such as cytochrome C oxidase. This action will cause, as a consequence, significant changes in the activity of mitochondrial electron chain. 5. The impact of red-light LED on boar sperm mitochondrial activity depends on the precise, previous sperm functional status and on the time of exposure. 6. The action of red LED light on the boar sperm electron chain does not exclude other concomitant mechanisms of action. 7. Red-light LED stimulation of boar semen prior to AI in pig farms can have a positive effect on the overall reproductive performance of these farms. Otherwise, the overall final effectiveness of this method would depend on other factors such as a proper farm management. 8. Stimulation with red-light LED could be an economical and profitable way to improve fertility and prolificacy in sow farms, provided the appropriate management of farms
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Saravia, Fernando. "Cryopreservation of boar semen : impact of the use of specific ejaculate portions, concentrated packaging, and simplified freezing procedures on sperm cryosurvival and potential fertilising capacity /." Uppsala : Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/200898.pdf.
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Pitso, Teele. "Improvements in the viability and fertilizing integrity of boar spermatozoa using the "umqombothi" sorghum bicolour semen extenders." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/130.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Agric. Animal Prod.)) -- Central University of technology, Free State, 2009The objective of this study was to evaluate the viability of semen extended in “Umqombothi” (UMQ) and compare with Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) and unextended semen (UNX). Twelve large white boars and twelve large white sows were used in this experiment. The following sperm characteristics were measured; sperm motility percentage, live sperm, sperm concentration, abnormal sperm percentage and semen pH of (UNX), (UMQ) and (BTS) and compared, fertility parameters namely; non-return rate percentage, farrowing rate, total piglets and live piglets were also measured and compared. The results from the study showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in sperm motility between (UNX), (UMQ) and (BTS) whereby (UMQ) had the highest percentage of motile sperm which was followed by (BTS) and (UNX) having the lowest percentage of motile sperm, however the results also showed that sperm motility and live sperm percentage of semen stored at 4°C differed significantly (p<0.05) from sperm motility and live sperm percentage of semen stored at 25°C whereby sperm motility and live sperm percentage of semen stored at 25°C were higher than sperm motility and live sperm percentage of semen stored at 4°C. Nevertheless no significant difference in sperm concentration and semen pH was found when semen stored at 4°C and 25°C were compared. However were time of semen collection of 9:00 and 15:00 were compared no significant differences in sperm motility percentage, live sperm percentage, sperm concentration, abnormal sperm percentage and semen pH were observed. The study also revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) in non-return rate, farrowing rate, total piglets and live piglets between semen stored at 25°C and 4°C of which the results explain that semen stored at 25°C had a higher percentage of non-return rate , farrowing rate, total piglets and live piglets, however, Under (UNX) collected at 9:00 and 15:00 that there was no significant difference in no-return rate percentage, farrowing rate, total piglets and live piglets was observed when two times of semen collections were compared. Under (UMQ) collected at 9:00 and 15:00 there was also no significant difference in non-return rate percentage, farrowing rate, total piglets and live piglets observed when two times of semen collections were compared. Under (BTS) collected at 9:00 and 15:00 there was also no significant difference in non-return rate percentage, farrowing rate, total piglets and live piglets observed when two times of semen collections were compared. Nevertheless were semen extenders were compared (UNX) collected at 9:00 and 15:00 differed significantly (p<0.05) from (UMQ) and (BTS) collected at 9:00 and 15:00 whereby (UNX) had the lowest percentage of non-return rate, farrowing rate, total piglets and live piglets.
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Alberti, Kyle Anthony. "Effect of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on ejaculate characteristics and the shedding of virus in boar semen." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32965.
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Research has demonstrated that porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can be shed into boar semen, raising the possibility that artificial insemination may be an important route by which disease associated with PCV2 is transmitted. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of vaccination against PCV2 on ejaculate characteristics and PCV2-specific antibody titers in serum of PCV2-positive boars viremia and viral shedding in semen. Semen and blood samples were collected weekly from week 0 to week 8. After collections at week 0, boars were vaccinated with a commercial vaccine against PCV2 (n = 5) (Suvaxyn PCV2 One dose; Fort Dodge Animal Health, Fort Dodge, IA) or served as controls and received 2 ml 0.9% saline (n = 5). Sperm concentrations and characteristics of sperm motility were assessed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system (Hamilton Thorne Research, Beverly, MA) and sperm morphology was evaluated after staining using light microscopy. The PCV2 antibody titers were determined in serum using an ELISA (Iowa State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; Ames, IA). The genomic copy number of PCV2 DNA in serum and semen was determined by PCR (Iowa State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory; Ames, IA). There were no effects of treatment or treatment by week on semen characteristics (P > 0.05). An effect of treatment by week was detected for serum antibody titers (P < 0.01). Compared with controls, antibody titers in vaccinated boars tended to be greater at week 0 (1.13 ± 0.05 titer/ml vs 1.01 ± 0.05 titer/ml; P = 0.09) and were greater at week 2 (1.15 ± 0.05 titer/ml vs 1.01 ± 0.05 titer/ml; P < 0.05) but lesser at week 7 (1.01 ± 0.05 titer/ml vs 1.23 ± 0.05 titer/ml; P < 0.01) and tended to be lesser at week 8 (1.05 ± 0.05 titer/ml vs 1.17 ± 0.05 titer/ml; P = 0.07). There were no effects of treatment, week, or treatment by week for serum genomic copy number of PCV2 DNA (P > 0.1). An effect of week was detected for semen genomic copy number of PCV2 DNA (P < 0.04). During week 3, PCV2 genomic copy number was at its greatest numerical value, however, semen PCV2 genomic copy number was at its lowest point. This was followed by an increase in semen PCV2 genomic copy number during week 7. This increase could be related to the increase in viral shedding in the serum. In summary, vaccination against PCV2 can lower antibody titers when given post-infection and has no effect on indicators of semen fertility. Vaccination also can decrease the length of reoccurring infection by decreasing the length of viral shedding in serum.Master of Science
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Kruger, Donné Andrea. "Genetic analyses of progeny performance from local and imported boar semen used in the South African pig industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53507.
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The widespread use of artificial insemination in the pig industry has provided breeders access to genetic material from superior boars from around the world. Selection of parent stock is based on estimated breeding values (EBVs) which are regularly computed in all countries performing genetic evaluations. Application of EBV s, are restricted to the country of estimation for animals part of the genetic evaluation. In dairy cattle, conversion equations, and more recently Multiple Across Country Estimation (MACE), have successfully been applied for comparison of breeding values across countries. The purpose of this study was firstly to investigate estimation of conversion equations for South African, Canadian and USA breeding values of boars based on number born alive (NBA), 21 day litter weight (21DLWT), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and back fat thickness (BF) for Duroc, Landrace and Large White pigs. The analyses were based on data provided by the South African Stud Book Association. The correlations estimated for these traits highlighted several data restrictions such as differences in measurement of traits between the countries. Insufficient data further resulted in non-significant (P >0.05) correlations and accurate conversion equations could not be developed. The second phase of the study focused on the value of foreign sires in the South African pig industry by comparing the on-farm performances of progeny for average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and back fat thickness (BF) form progeny sired by USA and Canadian born sires to the performance of progeny from local sires and to progeny with paternal USA grandsires (F1-US sires). The progeny analysed included Duroc, Landrace and Large White pigs. Sex differences were highly significant (P <0.0001) for all traits as males outperformed females. Farm differences were highly significant (P <0.0001) for all traits except Duroc BF (P <0.05). Due to large differences seen in progeny performances on farms in similar climatic regions, farm differences were expected to be due to management rather than environmental influences. The effect of country was significant (P <0.05) in all the models. However, although the USA-sired progeny performed better overall, the effect of country, as measured by a stepwise R2, was the smallest across all models except BF in the Landrace, with farm, sex and year-season contributing larger portions of the variation seen in the on-farm progeny performances. These results indicates limited superiority of imported semen with most of the variation attributed to differences in farm as explained by management.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
MSc
Unrestricted
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Jelena, Apić. "UTICAJ SADRŽAJA PROTEINA U SPERMALNOJ PLAZMI NERASTA NA PARAMETRE RAZREĐENE SPERME I FERTILITET VEŠTAČKI OSEMENjENIH KRMAČA." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2015. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=95676&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Veštačko osemenjavanje (VO) je najznačajnija reproduktivna biotehnologija u
intenzivnoj proizvodnji svinja. Efikasan izbor visoko fertilnih genetski superiornih
nerastova i visok fertilitet veštački osemenjenih krmača, ima veliki ekonomski uticaj na
efikasnost praktične primene ove biotehnologije. Međutim, prethodna istraživanja
pokazuju da procena klasičnih parametara fertiliteta ejakulata (koncentracija, ukupan
broj, pokretljivost i morfologija spermatozoida) nisu dovoljni pokazatelji fertiliteta i
reproduktivne performanse nerastova. Sa druge strane, pokazalo se da je fertilitet
veštački osemenjenih krmača, često, niži od onog kod prirodno osemenjenih krmača.
Kao osnovni razlog nižeg fertiliteta kod VO krmača, navodi se osemenjavanje sa
prekomerno razređenim dozama i/ili dozama dugotrajno čuvanim (3 do 5 dana).
Rezultati prethodnih istraživanja ukazuju da komponente semene plazme imaju ključni
uticaj na fertilizacioni potencijal spermatozoida in vivo i in vitro, kao i na fiziološke
procese važne za uspešnu oplodnju i razvoj embriona u uterusu.
Zbog toga je glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio da se: (a) odredi sadržaj proteina u
spermalnoj plazma nerastova koji se koriste za VO na nekoliko komercijalnih farmi
svinja u Srbiji, (b) oceni uticaj sadržaja proteina u spermalnoj plazmi na pokretljivost i
morfologija spermatozoida u nativnoj i razređenoj spermi, nakon 3 dana čuvanja u
razređenom stanju i (c) ispita uticaj intrauterine infuzije spermalne plazme, pre
aplikacije klasične VO doze, na fertilitet krmača.
Sadržaj proteina u spermalnoj plazmi se kretao između 1% i 6,5%, što je
ustanovljeno kod 212 uzoraka, dobijenih iz ejakulata 106 nerastova, koji se koriste za
VO na 6 farmi u AP Vojvodini. Nizak nivo proteina (1-3.5%, prosečno 2,4%) je
ustanovljen kod 69%, a visok nivo proteina (3.6-6.5%, prosečno 4,2%) kod 31%
ispitivanih nerastova. Nije ustanovljen značajan (P>0,05) uticaj rase ili starosti nerasta,
kao ni godišnje sezone, na sadržaj proteina u spermalnoj plazmi. Citomorfološka
svojstva spermatozoida su testirana sistemom CASA i protočnom citometrijom. U
nativnoj spermi testiranih nerastova, prosečno je bilo 71% živih, 13% spermatozoida sa
oštećenim akrozomom i 32% spermatozoida sa morfološkim anomalijama. Volumen
ejakulata, koncentracija, ukupan broj i pokretljivost spermatozoida bili su značajno
(P<0,01) veći kod nerastova sa visokim, u poređenju sa niskim sadržajem proteina u
spermalnoj plazmi. Progresivna pokretljivost - PP (64%) i broj živih spermatozoida - ŽS
(66%) bio je značajno veći, dok su broj spermatozoida sa oštećenom ćelijskom
membranom - OM (19%), akrozomom - OA (29%) i hromozomima - OH (13%) bili
značajno (p<0,01) niži u uzorcima sperme sa visokim sadržajem proteina, koji su bili
čuvani 72h u razređenju 1:4, od ovih vrednosti kod uzoraka sa niskim sadržajem
proteina (PP = 48%, ŽS = 44%, OM = 27% OA = 45% i OH = 22%). Zamena autologne
spermalne plazme iz ejakulata sa niskim sadržajem proteina od jednog nerasta, sa
homologom spermalnom plazmom iz ejakulata drugog nerasta sa visokim sadržajem
proteina, značajno (p<0,01) povećava progresivnu pokretljivost spermatozoida, sa 52%
na 65%, kod uzoraka čuvanih 72h u razređenju 1:4. Intrauterina infuzija 30 ml semene
plazme, pre aplikacije klasične VO doze, značajno (p<0,05) povećava vrednost
prašenja (94%) i prosečan broj živo rođene prasadi po leglu (12.3) (p<0,01), u
poređenju sa kontrolom grupom krmača (83% i 10.5 prasadi).
Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, može se zaključiti: (1) postoje značajne razlike u
sadržaju proteina u spermalnoj plazmi između pojedinih nerastova, (2) uzorci sperme sa
visokim sadržajem proteina, imaju veće vrednosti fertilizacionog potencijala
spermatozoida, od uzoraka sa niskim sadržajem proteina u spermalnoj plazmi, posle 72h
čuvanja u razređenju 1:4 i (3) infuzija spermalne plazme, pre aplikacije klasične VO
iv
doze, značajno povećava fertilitet tako tretiranih krmača, u poređenju sa kontrolnim
krmača. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da određivanje sadržaja proteina u spermalnoj plazmi,
može biti korisno sredstvo za predviđanje stepena fertiliteta nerasta, pre njegove
upotrebe za VO, kao i da se spermalna plazma može koristi za povećanje fertiliteta
veštački osemenjenih krmača. Dobijenim rezultatima su, u potpunosti, potvrđene radne
hipoteze i ostvareni postavljeni ciljevi istraživanja.
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Martins, Simone Maria Massami Kitamura. "Análise da interação vitamina A e o ambiente em reprodutores suínos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-05032007-105554/.
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Os objetivos do estudo foram: (a) avaliar a influência da suplementação de vitamina A na dieta de cachaços nos parâmetros seminais: volume, motilidade, vigor espermático, pH, concentração espermática, número total de espermatozóides, percentual de espermatozóides vivos e anormalidades morfológicas ao longo do ano; (b) averiguar a variabilidade das características, em animais suplementados com vitamina A na dieta, frente às variações da temperatura nas estações do ano. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no Laboratório de Pesquisa em Suínos, da FMVZ-USP, utilizando-se 10 machos de linhagem híbrida e distribuídos em dois tratamentos, controle (nível de 25.000 UI de vitamina A/animal/dia) e suplementado com a vitamina A (nível de 40.000 UI de vitamina A/animal/dia). O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com medidas repetidas no tempo, sendo os dados analisados utilizando o programa estatístico Statistical Analysis System (SAS). As probabilidades de interações com o tempo foram determinadas pelo teste de Greenhouse-Geisser Epsilon, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Em relação aos efeitos da vitamina A durante o período de 1 ano, verificou-se que não houve diferença entre os tratamentos para os parâmetros seminais, não encontrando-se efeito de interação tempo e tratamento. Detectou-se efeito de tempo para os parâmetros pH, concentração espermática, número total de espermatozóides, percentual de espermatozóides vivos e anormalidades morfológicas. Já na averiguação da variabilidade também não foi constatado efeito de tratamento, porém houve efeito de estação do ano para todos os parâmetros e de temperatura para o percentual de espermatozóides vivos, pH e anormalidades morfológicas, não sendo verificado efeito para os demais parâmetros. Inferiuse com o estudo que, dada à condição metabólica diferencial dos animais híbridas, novas averiguações devem ser perseguidas para a relação nutrição e reprodução, uma vez que, os efeitos positivos da suplementação da vitamina A na espermatogênese foram evidenciados, principalmente nas características que mais se relacionam com a formação da célula espermática, as anormalidades morfológicas, percentual de espermatozóides vivos e número total de espermatozóides no ejaculado.The objectives of the study were: (a) to evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on boars? diet considering the parameters: volume, motility, spermatic vigor, seminal pH, spermatic concentration, total number of spermatozoa, percentage of living sperm cells and morphologic abnormalities during one year; (b) to investigate the variability founded against the temperature and seasons of the year on vitamin A supplemented animals seminal parameters. The research was developed in the Laboratory of Research in Swines, the FMVZUSP, using 10 boars of hybrid lineages. Two treatments were used having the control (level of 25.000 UI of vitamin A/animal/day) and vitamin A supplemented group (level of 40.000 UI of vitamin A/animal/day). The statistical design was random, with repeated measured in time. The analyzed data used was the statistical program Statistical Analysis System (SAS). The probabilities of the interactions in time were determined by Greenhouse-Geisser Epsilon test, considering the significant level 5%. None of the evaluated parameters was significantly different and no detected interaction in time was found treatment. In relation to the effects of the vitamin A on supplementation in one year period it wasn?t have differences among treatments on seminal parameters, and also there wasn?t interaction in time and at treatment, however for pH, spermatic concentration, total number of spermatozoa, percentage of living sperm cells and morphologic abnormalities it was detected effect on time. In relation to the variability there wasn?t treatment effect, however there was for all the parameters studied effect of the season. The effect of temperature was only for the percentage of living sperm cells, pH and morphologic abnormalities. It was concluded that at a given metabolic condition of the hybrid animals, new ascertainments must be inquired for the relation nutrition and reproduction, a time that, the positive effect of the suplementation of the vitamin in spermatogenesis had been evidenced, mainly in the characteristics that more become related with the formation of the espermática cell.
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Jäkel, Helen [Verfasser], Dagmar Akademischer Betreuer] Waberski, Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kietzmann, Jennifer [Akademischer Betreuer] Schön, and Christine [Gutachter] Aurich. "Hypothermic storage of boar spermatozoa : a pathway to antibiotic-free liquid semen preservation / Helen Jäkel ; Gutachter: Christine Aurich ; Dagmar Waberski, Manfred Kietzmann, Jennifer Schön." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237685249/34.
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Batista, Franciane. "Influência da contaminação bacteriana sobre os parâmetros espermáticos de suínos e perfil de resistência dos agentes isolados." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2011. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/851.
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Previous issue date: 2011-11-09Artificial insemination is a established and applied biotech of reproduction to the current swine production, which main objective is to maximize the use of ejaculated, maintaining and improving reproductive efficiency. However, when there is a bacterial contamination in the semen, may be seriously impaired for sperm viability. Inseminated doses with bacterial contamination have reduced motility and pH, increase of agglutination, abnormalities of the acrosome and dead cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial contamination in semen collected in boar studs and relate it to quantitative and qualitative semen qualities, and test the sensitivities of the isolated agent using different antibiotics. Boar semen was collected from three artificial insemination centers in different regions of the state of Santa Catarina. These samples were analyzed at the Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológico Animal CAV-UDESC, where it was performed the isolation, identification, bacterial count besides the antibiograns. The same samples were also evaluated for motility, vigor, concentration and agglutination. For this evaluation it was used data provided by the company. Smears were prepared from semen samples and stained with eosin-negrosina for the evaluation of sperm morphology. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS statistical package. There was isolated 17 different bacterial genera, among which the most frequent were Staphylococcus sp. (26.43%), Proteus sp. (20.53%), Escherichia coli (9.47%), Pseudomonas sp. (11.05%), but there was not a significant correlation (P> 0.05) when comparing the number of colony forming unit / mL of semen with motility, concentration and morphological changes. It was found an isolated effect of the genus Staphylococcus sp. (P <0.05) causing a decrease in sperm motility of the samples where it was isolated. Most bacterial pathogens showed resistant to commercial antibiotics tested which refers to those used in the preparation of the inseminated doses from the boar studs
A Inseminação Artificial é uma biotécnica da reprodução bem estabelecida e aplicada na suinocultura atual, cujo objetivo principal é a maximização do uso dos ejaculados, mantendo e melhorando a eficiência reprodutiva. Entretanto, quando há contaminação bacteriana no sêmen, pode haver sério comprometimento para a viabilidade espermática. Doses inseminantes com contaminação bacteriana apresentam diminuição da motilidade e do pH, aumento da aglutinação, de anormalidades do acrossoma e de células mortas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar a contaminação bacteriana em sêmens coletados em centrais de inseminação artificial e relacionar com suas qualidades quantitativas e qualitativas, além de testar a sensibilidades dos agentes isolados frente a diferentes antibióticos. Foi coletado sêmen suíno de três centrais de inseminação artificial em diferentes regiões do estado de Santa Catarina. Essas amostras foram submetidas à análise microbiológica no Centro de Diagnóstico Microbiológica Animal CAV-UDESC, onde foi realizado o isolamento, identificação, contagem bacteriana além dos antibiogramas. Estas mesmas amostras foram também avaliadas quanto à motilidade, vigor, aglutinações e concentração. Para esta avaliação foram utilizados dados fornecidos pela empresa. Foram realizados esfregaços das amostras de sêmen e corados com eosina-negrosina para a avaliação da morfologia espermática. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância utilizando-se o procedimento GLM do pacote estatístico SAS. Houve isolamento de 17 diferentes gêneros bacterianos, entre os quais os mais freqüentes foram Staphylococcus sp. (26,43%) Proteus sp. (20,53%), Escherichia coli (9,47%), Pseudomonas sp. (11,05%), porém não houve uma correlação significativa (P>0,05) quando comparados o número de unidade formadora de colônia /mL do sêmen com motilidade, concentração e alterações morfológicas. Foi encontrado um efeito isolado do gênero Staphylococcus sp. P(<0,05) provocando uma diminuição na motilidade dos espermatozóides das amostras onde o mesmo foi isolado. A maioria dos agentes bacterianos mostrou-se resistentes aos antibióticos comercias testados que foram aqueles mais utilizados para diluição de sêmen nas centrais de inseminação artificial
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Almeida, Maria Clara Silva de. "Impacto da diluição isotérmica e bitérmica sobre a qualidade do sêmen suíno." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/97864.
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O uso de protocolos de diluição bitérmica está aumentando em centros de inseminação artificial e é necessário garantir que as doses de inseminação tenham a mesma qualidade quando comparado com protocolos de diluição isotérmica. Quatro ejaculados de cada 19 reprodutores PIC® foram coletados e distribuídos em split sample em três tratamentos: diluição bitérmica em duas etapas (T1), diluição isotérmica em duas etapas (T2) e diluição isotérmica em uma etapa (T3). A curva de temperatura para os três tratamentos foi feita utilizando um data logger com sensor de temperatura. As doses inseminantes foram preparadas utilizando o diluente BTS e armazenadas a 16ºC e usadas para avaliação dos parâmetros espermáticos através do Sistema CASA e avaliação de morfologia espermática, durante 120 horas. A temperatura das amostras de sêmen submetidas à diluição bitérmica em duas etapas alcançou 24,1ºC durante 120 minutos , enquanto que as amostras submetidas à diluição isotérmica em uma ou duas etapas alcançou 26,8ºC e 27,0ºC, respectivamente. A motilidade total, a progressiva e BCF foram influenciadas (P<0,05) pelo tempo de diluição, mas não pelo protocolo de diluição. A motilidade total e progressiva diminuiu com o tempo de armazenamento (91.0 ± 0.91 para 81.5 ± 1.08 % e 74.0 ± 2.48 para 60.4 ± 2.59% de 24h para 120h, para MOT e PROG, respectivamente) enquanto BCF diferiu entre 24 e 120h (28.6 ± 0.76 e 27.3 ± 0.79 Hz). As seguintes características de motilidade não foram afetadas pelo protocolo de diluição e pelo tempo de armazenamento: DAP, DCL, DSL, VAP, VCL, VSL, STR, LIN, WOB e ALH. Às 72 h de armazenamento, a morfologia espermática não diferiu entre os tratamentos (P>0.05), apresentando uma média geral de 9.2 ± 0.36 defeitos totais. Concluindo, a diluição bitérmica torna o processo de produção de doses inseminantes mais rápido, pois demoraram menos tempo para alcançar a temperatura próxima de armazenamento, sem comprometer a qualidade das doses inseminantes produzidas.The use of bithermic dilution protocols is increasing in artificial insemination centers, being necessary to guarantee that the quality of insemination doses remain the same when compared to isothermic dilution protocols. Four ejaculates from each one of 19 crossbreed PIC® boars were collected and assigned, in a split sample design, in to three treatments: two step bithermic dilution (T1), two step isothermic dilution (T2) and one step isothermic dilution (T3). Temperature curve for the three treatments was recorded using a temperature sensor data logger. Semen doses prepared with BTS extender were stored at 16°C and were used to evaluate sperm parameters through CASA system and sperm morphology, during 120 h. The temperature in semen samples submitted to a two-step bithermic dilution reached 24.1ºC during 120 min, whereas one or two-step isothermic dilution samples reached 26.8ºC and 27.0ºC, respectively. Total motility, progressive motility and BCF were influenced (P<0.05) by the storage time but not by the dilution procedure. Total and progressive motility reduced throughout the storage time (91.0 ± 0.91 to 81.5 ± 1.08 % and 74.0 ± 2.48 to 60.4 ± 2.59% from 24h to 120h, for MOT and PROG respectively) whereas BCF differed between 24 and 120h (28.6 ± 0.76 and 27.3 ± 0.79 Hz). The following motility traits were neither affected by the dilution procedure nor by the time of storage: DAP, DCL, DSL, VAP, VCL, VSL, STR, LIN, WOB, and ALH. At 72 h of storage, sperm morphology was not different among treatments (P>0.05), showing an overall mean of 9.2 ± 0.36 total defects. In conclusion, the bithermic dilution makes the process of artificial insemination doses production faster by taking less time to reach a temperature close to that of storage, without impairing semen quality.
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Leal, Diego Feitosa. "Influência do plasma seminal oriundo da fração rica do ejaculado sobre as características estruturais e na cinética do espermatozoide suíno conservado sob refrigeração a 17°C por 72 horas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-10052016-103832/.
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O plasma seminal é o constituintes não celular do sêmen suíno e contém uma série de componentes orgânicos e inorgânico que desempenham ações variadas tanto no trato reprodutivo masculino como no feminino. No entanto, este fluido de constituição complexa, exerce ações ambiguas sobre os espermatozoides suínos, pois pode atuar ao mesmo tempo de forma benéfica ou deletéria sobre a viabilidade destas células. Nesse sentido, alguns estudos sugerem que este não é o melhor meio para a conservação de espermatozoides. Desta forma o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do plasma seminal sobre a integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal e o potencial de membrana mitocondrial do espermatozoide suíno armazenado sob refrigeração a 17°C por 72 horas. Para tanto, foram obtidos 4 ejaculados de 6 cachaços. Em seguida o sêmen in natura foi avaliado quanto às características da motilidade pelo sistema computadorizado de análise do sêmen, morfologia espermática por contraste de interferência diferencial e concentração espermática. Após essa primeira avaliação, os ejaculados foram acondicionados em tubos cônicos de 50 mL para serem divididos em três tratamentos, a saber: não centrifugado (NC), centrifugado e com o plasma seminal retirado pós-centrifugação (CS) e centrifugado resuspendido (CR). A força de centrifugação utilizada foi de 500xg por 10 minutos. Todos os tratamentos foram submetidos à diluição em meio BTS para que se obtenha uma concentração de 30 x 106 espermatozoides por mililitro (mL). Em seguida, as amostras permaneceram por 90 minutos em temperatura ambiente e protegidas da luz antes de serem armazenadas. As doses com os diferentes tratamentos foram acondicionadas à temperatura de 17°C e foram avaliadas nos intervalos 0 (90 min pós-diluição), 24, 48 e 72 horas para os seguintes parâmetros: características da motilidade (CASA), integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal, estabilidade da membrana plasmática e peroxidação das membranas espermáticas (citometria de fluxo). Os tratamentos foram submetidos à análise de variância (PROC GLM), empregando-se o programa SAS (1998). Quando o principal efeito foi significativo, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey-kramer ao nível de 5% de significância. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que a ausência do plasma seminal foi deletéria para algumas características de motilidade, o mesmo ocorreu para a integridade das membranas plasmática e acrossomal uma vez que houve diminuição na percentagem de celulás espermáticas com membrana plasmatica integra e acrossomo integro no tratamento sem plasma seminal. A peroxidação lipídica das membranas e a manutenção da estabilidade da membrana plasmática não foram influenciadas pelo tratamento. Assim, conclui-se que a presença do plasma seminal em doses inseminantes refrigeradas por 72 h é importante para a manutenção das características de motilidade e para a integridade das membranas plasmáticas e acrossomalThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of seminal plasma, from the rich fraction of the ejaculate, on kinetics, plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and capacitation of extended liquid boar semen stored under refrigeration at 17° C for 72 hours. For this purpose, four ejaculates from each of six boars were used. Shortly after collection and raw semen evaluation, ejaculates were extended in BTS medium and then assigned to one of three treatments, as follows: non-washed seminal plasma (NWSP), washed-seminal plasma (WSP) centrifuged with own seminal plasma suspended (CWSSP). All treatments were evaluated for sperm motility parameters by the sperm class analyzer (SCA). Plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation and sperm capacitation were evaluated by flow cytometry at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours post dilution. The mean percentage of sperm motility (total and progressive) were lower (p<0.05) in the WSP treatment. There was an increase (p<0.05) in the percentage of sperm with damaged acrosome and damage plasma membrane in the WSP treatment. Membrane lipid peroxidation did not differ (p>0.05) irrespective of treatment nor did sperm capacitation, which was similar (p>0.05) among treatments. Our results show that seminal plasma from the sperm rich fraction is important to maintain adequate structural and functional characteristics of extended liquid boar and should be present in seminal doses throughout the period of store
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Félix, Maria Inês Pires. "Vantagens da adição de antioxidantes ao diluidor para conservação de sémen de suíno." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21232.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs suínos são animais extremamente sensíveis ao stress térmico, tendo as altas temperaturas efeitos negativos sobre os parâmetros reprodutivos das fêmeas e a qualidade do sémen dos machos. Esta influência negativa sobre os parâmetros espermáticos, assim como a diminuição da qualidade das doses de sémen durante o armazenamento, deve-se em parte às espécies reativas de oxigénio, que quando em excesso causam stress oxidativo e têm uma série de consequências, nomeadamente a diminuição da motilidade dos espermatozóides e a instabilização das membranas lipídicas e do ADN, o que consequentemente afeta o poder fertilizante dos espermatozóides. A relação entre a qualidade do sémen e os resultados de fertilidade é um indicador importante para as explorações e centros de inseminação. Neste contexto, o presente ensaio teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da utilização de um diluidor suplementado com antioxidantes (MR-A® antiox), em comparação com um diluidor comercial (MR-A®), nos parâmetros de fertilidade in vivo, nomeadamente na taxa de gestação, taxa de parto, número de leitões vivos (NV) e número de leitões mortos (NM), e ainda estimar a influência da temperatura sobre os mesmos. Para o efeito, foram inseminadas 134 porcas F1 (LW x LR), com sémen proveniente do mesmo varrasco RAM2 (Duroc x Pietrain), divididas em dois grupos: grupo controlo (GC) com o diluidor comercial MR-A ® e grupo teste (GT) com o diluidor MR-A® antiox. Procedeu- se ainda a uma breve análise do sémen, e posteriormente foram registados para cada porca o diagnóstico de gestação, os NV, os NM e os mumificados. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre os grupos, pelo que o desempenho das fêmeas inseminadas não foi influenciado pelo diluidor utilizado, embora as médias no GC tenham sido superiores em todos os parâmetros analisados (taxa de gestação de GC 9,5% superior ao GT; NV = 11.79 vs 11.04; NM = 2.14 vs 2.17). Foi também possível aferir a influência da paridade sobre a prolificidade (p<0,05), sendo que fêmeas com maior número de partos apresentaram menor número de NV e maior número de NM. Por outro lado, também foi registada a influência da temperatura sobre a taxa de gestação, concluindo-se que quanto mais baixas as temperaturas maior o número de diagnósticos positivos.
ABSTRACT - Advantages of adding antioxidants to swine semen extender for conservation - Pigs are extremely susceptible to thermal stress, with high temperatures having negative effects on reproductive parameters of females and semen quality of males. This negative influence on espermatic parameters, as well as the decrease in the quality of semen doses during storage, is partly due to reactive oxygen species, which when in excess cause oxidative stress and have a series of consequences, namely the reduction of sperm motility and instabilization of lipid membranes and DNA, which consequently affects the fertilizing power of sperm. The relationship between semen quality and fertility results is an important indicator for farms and insemination centers. In this context, the present assay aims to evaluate the effect of using an extender supplemented with antioxidants (MR-A ® antiox), in comparison with a commercial extender (MR-A®), in the parameters of fertility in vivo, namely in the gestation rate, farrowing rate, number of piglets born alive (NV) and number of stillborns (NM), and also estimate de influence of temperature on them. For this purpose, 134 sows F1 (LW x LR) were inseminated, with semen from the same boar RAM2 (Duroc x Pietrain), divided in two groups: control group (GC) with the commercial MR-A® extender and test group (GT) with MR-A® antiox extender. A brief analysis of semen was also carried out, and subsequently the gestation diagnosis, NV, NM and mummified were recorded for each sow. The results did not show any significant diferences (p>0,05) between groups, which means that the performance of the inseminated sows was not influenced by the extender, although the averages in the GC were higher in all analysed parameters (gestation rate of GC was 9,5% above GT; NV = 11.79 vs 11.04; NM = 2.14 vs 2.17). It was also possible to assess the influence of parity on litter size (p<0,05), where females with higher number of births show lower number of NV and higher number of NM. On the other hand, the influence of temperature on gestation rate were also recorded, concluding that the lower the temperature, the higher the number of positive diagnos
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Castro, Ariane Cristina de. "Comportamento e desempenho sexual de suínos reprodutores criados em ambientes enriquecidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11152/tde-11052016-101442/.
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Este trabalho buscou avaliar o comportamento e o desempenho sexual de suínos machos de linhas puras e cruzadas, criados com e sem a utilização de enriquecimento ambiental, na fase de crescimento. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas, que compreenderam a fase de crescimento dos animais e o treinamento para coleta de sêmen. Na fase de crescimento, 128 machos foram alojados em ambientes enriquecidos ou estéreis. Utilizou-se como enriquecimento ambiental correntes suspensas, galão de cinco litros suspenso e um galão de 50 litros solto no piso. Esses objetos foram oferecidos de forma alternada e cada um ficou disponível na baia por um período de 30 dias. Na primeira etapa foram registrados o comportamento dos animais, os escores de lesão e a massa corporal. Após a fase de crescimento, foram escolhidos aleatoriamente 32 animais aprovados na seleção genética para serem avaliados durante o treinamento para coleta de sêmen. O treinamento ocorreu durante seis dias consecutivos e cada animal foi treinado por três vezes em dias alternados. Durante o treinamento para a coleta de sêmen, o comportamento animal, as relações humano-animal, o volume do ejaculado e os níveis de testosterona e cortisol foram registrados. Como respostas na fase de crescimento, verificou-se que, mesmo utilizando uma combinação de objetos, os suínos se habituaram rapidamente a eles e a frequência de manipulação diminuiu após o primeiro período para todos os objetos. Observamos que o ambiente enriquecido foi eficaz na redução dos comportamentos agonísticos e mordedura de cauda e orelha para os animais puros e cruzados, e isso consequentemente reduziu a quantidade e severidade de lesões de pele. Na fase de treinamento para coleta de sêmen, os resultados demonstraram que o comportamento sexual dos animais foi influenciado pelas linhas genéticas, sendo assim, observou-se que os machos de linha cruzada tiveram maior facilidade durante o treinamento para coleta de sêmen e apresentaram maior média do escore de libido, diferindo das linhas puras (P<0,001). Verificou-se que não houve diferença na média do escore de libido entre os tratamentos com e sem enriquecimento ambiental (P=0,276), porém, os tratamentos com enriquecimento tiveram o menor número de animais treinados. Dessa forma, os resultados indicam que o ambiente enriquecido com uma combinação de enriquecimentos pontuais (objetos) é uma estratégia eficaz para aumentar o comportamento exploratório e reduzir os comportamentos agonísticos e anormais na fase de crescimento. Mas, por outro lado, os animais criados em ambientes enriquecidos tiveram um pior desempenho sexual durante o treinamento para coleta de sêmen.This study aimed to evaluate behavior and sexual performance of male pigs from purebred and crossbred, raised with and without the use of environmental enrichment during the growth phase. The study was divided into two steps comprising the animals\' growth phase and training for semen collection. In the growth phase 128 males were housed in an enriched or in a sterile environment. As environmental enrichment, hanging chains, a hanging five-liter gallon and a fifty-liter gallon released on the floor were used. These objects were alternately offered and each one was available in the pen for a period of 30 days. In the first step, animal behavior, injury score and body weight were recorded. After the growth phase, 32 animals approved in genetic screening were randomized to be evaluated during training for semen collection. The training took place for six consecutive days and each animal was trained three times on alternate days. During the training for semen collection, animal behavior, human-animal relationship, ejaculated semen volume, testosterone and cortisol levels were registered. As a response during the growth phase, even using a combination of enrichments, pigs quickly got used to them and manipulation frequency decreased after the first period for all objects. We observed that the enriched environment was effective in reducing agonistic behavior and biting of tail and ear in animals of pure and mixed lines, and therefore the number and severity of skin lesions were reduced. During the training for semen collection, results showed that sexual behavior of animals was influenced by genetic lines, therefore we observed that males of mixed lines had greater ease during training for semen collection and had a higher libido score average, differing from the pure lines (P<0,001). There was no difference in the libido score average between treatments with and without environmental enrichment (P=0,276), however the treatment with environmental enrichment had fewer trained animals. Thus, results indicate that enriched environment with a combination of enrichment objects is an effective strategy to increase exploratory behavior and to reduce agonistic and abnormal behaviors during the growth phase. However, animals raised in enriched environments had a worse sexual performance during the training for semen collection.
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Stefopoulou, Sofia N. "Studies on reproductive traits of the male pig with particular emphasis on artificial insemination of the female : 1. Growth and development aspects of the boar and factors affecting male fertility 2. Semen evaluation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327421.
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Selles, Soriano Elena. "Evaluación de la capacidad fecundante de espermatozoides porcinos refrigerados y congelados." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10859.
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Este trabajo se ha centrado en el estudio de diferentes factores que afectan a la capacidad fecundante del semen congelado, como la velocidad de descongelación y el sistema antioxidante del semen porcino. También se ha estudiado la capacidad predictiva de la fertilidad in vivo que tienen las diferentes técnicas de análisis seminal tanto para el semen congelado como en condiciones de campo para el semen refrigerado.
Se pudo determinar que la velocidad de descongelación más rápida tiene un efecto positivo sobre la funcionalidad espermática de las muestras evaluada mediante un sistema de FIV. Igualmente se concluyó también que el sistema de FIV parece ser la mejor herramienta disponible para evaluar la calidad del semen congelado-descongelado. Se evidenció que el proceso de crioconservación del semen supuso una pérdida siginificativa en el contenido de GSH intracelular. Finalmente, se demostró que el análisis seminal sólo puede identificar eyaculados con bajo potencial fértil.Boar frozen-thawed semen is still a valuable tool as a complement to artificial insemination with fresh semen in some conditions. The objectives were firstly, the design of better freezing methods in order to obtain acceptable semen quality (freezing-thawing procedures) and secondly, to address the question of whether differences in farrowing rate and litter size after the use of different ejaculates could be predicted using the standard semen parameters under commercial conditions.We can determine that the IVF fertilization system seems to be a good tool to evaluate the quality of frozen-thawed boar semen previous to its commercial way. In other way, we found that there was a loss in GSH content after cryopreservation of boar semen and the addition of GSH to the thawing extender resulted in a significant increase in sperm fertilizing ability. Finally, semen analysis, under commercial conditions, allows to identify ejaculates with very low fertility potential. Therefore, it is unlikely to detect fertility differences associated with seminal parameters.
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Corcini, Carine Dahl. "Estudo de testes in vitro para predição de fertilidade de machos mamíferos." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/123456789/1273.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-25The knowledge of the reproductive potential of a male has economical and reproductive importance, especially if he is used in artificial insemination programs. The conventional assays for evaluating seminal quality do not have the capacity of measuring the fertilizing potential of a sample, they only indicate if it is within the acceptable parameters for insemination, according to the Brazilian College of Animal Reproduction. Into this context, the in vitro sperm penetration assay presents itself as an alternative laboratorial test to categorize fertile males regarding their fecundation capacity, since they mimic in vitro what happens in vivo. However, this assay has its use limited by the difficulty of execution and by the utilization of high cost equipment. The present work aimed to find a new biological model to study male reproductive aspects and to evaluate alternatives to simplify and to decrease costs of the assay execution: use of the chicken egg inner perivitelline layer (IPVL) penetration assay and its association with in vitro and in vivo parameters; use of BTS as incubation media for the in vitro penetration assay, and female gametes cryopreservation using different methods. It was concluded that: 1) Calomys laucha can be used as a biological model; 2) it is possible to use the inner perivitelline layer as a substrate in assays to predict fertility of Calomys laucha males; 3) the IPVL has receptors that allow swine sperm binding, therefore presents potential for use in male fertility diagnostic tests; 4) it is possible to use BTS as incubation media for the in vitro penetration assay, in oocytes or in IPVL, and in water-bath without CO2, and 5) the cryopreservation of ovaries at -20ºC or the refrigeration of oocytes in PBS at 5ºC before the execution of the in vitro oocyte penetration assay, using mTBM media, is an alternative to the use of fresh oocytes in tests to predict swine semen fertility.
O conhecimento do potencial reprodutivo de um macho é de importância econômica e reprodutiva, principalmente se ele é utilizado em programa de inseminação artificial. Os testes convencionais que avaliam a qualidade seminal não possuem a capacidade de medir o potencial fertilizante de uma amostra e, apenas indicam se a mesma se encontra dentro dos parâmetros aceitáveis para a inseminação segundo o Colégio Brasileiro de Reprodução Animal. O teste de penetração espermática in vitro, aparece neste contexto como um teste laboratorial alternativo para categorizar os machos férteis, quanto a sua capacidade de fecundação, pois mimetizam in vitro o que acontece in vivo. No entanto, este teste tem seu uso limitado por ser de difícil execução e por utilizar equipamentos de alto custo. O presente trabalho objetivou encontrar um novo modelo biológico para estudos sobre aspectos reprodutivos de machos e avaliar alternativas para simplificar e diminuir custos para execução do teste: utilização do teste de penetração na membrana perivitelina interna do ovo da galinha (IPVL) e sua associação com parâmetros in vitro e in vivo; utiilização do BTS como meio de incubação do teste de penetração in vitro e utilização de diferentes maneiras de criopreservação de gametas femininos. Foi concluído que: 1) Calomys laucha pode ser utilizado como modelo biológico; 2) é possível utilizar a membrana perivitelina interna como substrato de teste para predizer a fertilidade de machos Calomys laucha; 3) a IPVL possui receptores que permitiram a ligação do espermatozóide suíno, apresentando potencial para ser utilizada em diagnóstico de fertilidade de machos; 4) é viável utilizar BTS como meio para realização do teste de penetração in vitro em ovócito ou IPVL, em banho-maria sem a presença de CO2 e 5) o congelamento de ovários a -20ºC ou o acondicionamento a 5º C dos ovócitos em PBS para realizar o teste de penetração ovocitária in vitro, utilizando o meio mTBM, é uma alternativa para predizer a fertilidade de sêmen suíno.
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Poolperm, Pariwat. "Factors Influencing Semen Quality and Fertility in Boars." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20010831-112730.
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POOLPERM, PARIWAT. Factors Influencing Semen Quality and Fertilityin Boars. (Under the direction of Drs.Glen W. Almond and William L. Flowers)
The objectives of this researchwere 1) determine the influence of antibiotics on semen quality, 2) determinethe association among insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in seminal plasma,semen quality, and subsequent fertility, and 3) retrospectively study theassociation among semen parameters and sow fertility. In the firststudy, the effects of gentamicin (GM), amikacin (AM), neomycin sulfate(NM), and penicillin-streptomycin (PS) in semen extender on the percentagesof motile (MOT), morphologically normal sperm (MOR), and sperm with normalacrosome (NAR) were examined. An in vitro penetration assay was conductedusing sperm cells on day 0 and day 5 of storage. GM and NM groupsshowed higher (p<0.05) MOT than other groups after 5 days of storage. No differences in penetration rate were found among treatments; however,the penetration rate decreased (p<0.05) on day 5 of storage.
In the second study, ejaculateswere collected and diluted in an extender (Vital?). Gilts (n=113)and sows (n=375) were inseminated with the extended semen in homogenetic-homospermicregimens. Farrowing rate (FR), total pigs born (TB) and born alive(TBA) were recorded. IGF-I was determined in seminal plasma by radioimmunoassay. Concentration of IGF-I from 204 ejaculates was 95.38 ± 3.56 ng/ml (mean± SEM) and total amount of IGF-I/ejaculate was 23.50 ± 1.20 µg. SeminalIGF-I differed (p<0.05) among genetic lines and had no effect (p>0.05)on MOT, MOR and NAR. However, IGF-I was associated (p<0.05) withsemen volume, sperm concentration and total number of sperm/ejaculate. No association between IGF-I level in seminal plasma and fertility indiceswas found.
The third study determinedthe associations among insemination parameters with subsequent fertilityof boar semen using data from the second study. MOR was associated(p<0.05) with fertility parameters. TB and TBA were associatedwith age of semen at the first insemination (SAGE) and number of spermper insemination dose (AIDOSE). With stepwise regression analysis,it was evident that FR was associated with semen volume, MOR and SAGE. Meanwhile, TB and TBA were associated with SAGE, AIDOSE and total numberof spermatozoa/ejaculate. In conclusion, the assessment of semencharacteristics may not necessarily delineate fertility between boars.
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Kousenidis, Kostas. "Semen quality of boars : a study of influential factors and the development and validation of techniques designed to improve the assessment of semen parameters." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311148.
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The rationale of this thesis was to examine and extend knowledge of boar semen quality, its evaluation and factors which influence quality; with the objective of improving the effectiveness of pig AI. The literature review led to the conclusion that the development of a semen evaluation technique which describes the overall quality of the sperm, correlates well with most semen quality parameters, and most important, applicable at farm level would be a valuable advance. In addition knowledge is needed of the factors affecting semen quality and in particular better semen dilution techniques. Studies on the effect of various factors on semen quality showed: i. With two boar lines (purebred, PB) and (crossbred, CB), CB gave higher total sperm counts (P<0.05), but PB gave better farrowing rates (87% V 78%, P<0.05), ii. Semen collected in Autumn/Winter had higher total sperm counts than semen collected in Spring/Summer (66.4 V 47.8 x 109, P<0.001), iii. General semen quality did not change significantly over 48 hours in the study, iv. Pooling of semen had no effect on semen quality. Semen dilution by a controlled 'Anti-shock' procedure gave a higher proportion of litters with 11 or more piglets born than semen diluted by the standard procedure (78% vs 62%, P<0.05). Sperm motility was affected when, in Kiev diluent, glucose (G) was replaced by fructose (F). Motility was F vs GF vs G: 84.8%; 84.1; 81.0, but by day-3 was 27.7, 60.2 and 62.0 (P<0.01). No significant differences were found between diluents in AI sow fecundity, probably due to the limited numbers of sows. It is concluded that although farrowing rate and litter size are the ultimate indices of semen quality, good correlations with in vitro techniques have yet to be established. The 'swim-up' test is suggested as the most suitable on farm in vitro semen assessment, and that the 'Anti-shock' dilution technique has commercial promise. Fructose should be the usual sugar used in the diluent.
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Guzman, Jorge Marin. "Studies evaluating dietary selenium and vitamin E on semen quality, in vivo oocyte fertilization, spermatozoal ultrastructure and testicular histology of boars /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487681148541821.
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Spjuth, Linda. "Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and semen quality in boars : effects of pre-pubertal oral exposure on sperm production, viability and function post-puberty /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/2006104.pdf.
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Polowek, Kim. "Victim participatory rights in parole: their role and the dynamics of victim influence as seen by board members /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2398.
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Pulat, Arpat, and Tayierjiang Zaierding. "En jämförelsestudie av fritidsbåtar mellan The Candela Seven och AMT 230 GP." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar produktionsutveckling (ML), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292202.
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Detta examensarbete går ut på att utföra en analys i form av en jämförelsestudie av två fritidsbåtar med funktions, ekonomisk samt hållbarhetsaspekter i fokus. Projektet utgår samt är inriktad på en eldrivenbärplansbåt The Candela Seven från elmotorbåtsproducent Candela Speed Boat AB där båten jämförs med motorbåten AMT 230 GP från Advanced Marine Tech Premium Boats och utvärderas dels med hjälp av Havsmiljöinstitutets samarbete mellan olika institutioner i Sverige som referensram. Projektmålen är att genom analys och utvärderingar av jämförelsearbete utse båten som ska prioriteras mellan Candela Seven och AMT 230 GP samt komma med eventuella rekommendationer ur funktions-, ekonomiska samt hållbarhetsperspektiv. Arbetet startade med en nulägesanalys för att skapa insikt i produktfunktionalitet av båtarna, vilka ekonomisk och hållbarhetsfördelar produkten har samt hur marknaden ser ut för elbåtar med kundbehov i fokus. För vidareanalys av insamlade data och fakta för jämförelsearbete genomfördes SWOT- och kvantitativa analysmetoder samt genom matematiska resonemang och analyser identifiera båtens egenskaper och fördelar jämfört med konkurrenten. I jämförelseanalys används jämförelsematris för värdering och sammanställning av olika parametrar mot varandra samt utse båten som ska prioriteras. I jämförelseanalysen med olika parametrar visades Candela Seven är en gynnsammare båt att välja eller köpa och som prioriteras i jämförelse med AMT 230 GP. Fokus kan bli att hitta flera kunder som är intressanta, eller produktanpassa för att uppfylla kunders önskemål. Nulägesanalys genomfördes som visar att en huvudkonkurrent med bensindriven båt identifierades samt är ett substitut som utmanar produkten. Utmärkta egenskaper från SWOT och Kvantitativa-analysen är att Candela Seven är energisparande samt lönsammare att driva med mindre underhåll jämfört med AMT 230 GP. Dessutom är produkten miljövänligare i körning med hållbarhetstänkande egenskaper och design.This thesis is based on performing an analysis in the form of a comparative study of two leisure boats with functional, economic and sustainability aspects in focus. The project is based and focuses on an electric hydrofoil boat The Candela Seven from electric motorboat manufacturer Candela Speed Boat AB where the boat is compared with the motorboat AMT 230 GP from Advanced Marine Tech Premium Boats and evaluatedpartly with the help of the Institute of Marine Environment's cooperation betweendifferent institutions in Sweden as a reference framework. The project goals are to, through analysis and evaluations of comparative work,designate the boat that will be prioritized between Candela Seven and AMT 230 GP andgive eventual recommendations from a functional, financial and sustainabilityperspective. The work started with a current situation analysis to create insight into the productfunctionality of the boats, what economic and sustainability benefits the product hasand what the market looks like for electric boats with customer needs in focus. Forfurther analysis of collected data and facts for comparative work, SWOT andquantitative analysis methods were performed and through mathematical reasoning andanalyzes to identify the boat's properties and advantages compared to the competitor. In comparison analysis, a comparison matrix is used for valuation and compilation ofdifferent parameters against each other and to designate the boat to be prioritized.In the comparison analysis with various parameters, Candela Seven was shown to be amore favorable boat to choose or buy and which is prioritized in comparison with theAMT 230 GP. The focus can be on finding more customers that are interesting, orproduct adaptation to fulfill customer needs. The current situation analysis was carried out which shows that a main competitor witha petrol-powered boat was identified and is a substitute that challenges the product.Excellent features from the SWOT and Quantitative analysis are that Candela Seven isenergy-saving and more profitable to operate with less maintenance cost compared to the AMT 230 GP. In addition, the product is more environmentally proficient whendriving with sustainability-thinking properties and design.
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Montal, Nathalie, and Monika Cedervinge. "What trends can be seen in respect to independence, gender, tenure and age among board members between 2001- 2010? : - A study of four banks in Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18086.
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Corporate Governance is an important topic that has been given a great deal of attention the last decade and the attention has increased even more with the financial crisis of 2007-2009. The severe financial and economic crisis has worsened the relationship between shareholders and corporations, including banks, as well as between the executive management and the board of directors. There is a need to rebuild the trust between these actors and Corporate Governance is considered to be a helpful tool in order to achieve this. A mean that is used within Corporate Governance to protect shareholders in the financial market is the use of independent directors as a monitoring device for the executive management. Independent directors are considered to play an important role on boards and are preventing inside directors from abusing their power in hazardous ways. The efficiency of independent directors has however shown to differ between industries. The banking industry in particular stands out in comparison to non-financial firms. It is vital that independent directors are provided with the right expertise that is needed to fundamentally understand the complex industry of banks, and there is a risk that these directors lack this kind of knowledge which makes their presence inefficient. The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether there have been any changes in the number of independent board members in four Swedish banks within the time period of 2001-2010. The banks that are included in this study are Handelsbanken, Nordea, SEB and Swedbank. Variables that are covered in the study are, except for number of independent board members in respect to the bank and major shareholders, the number of executives on the boards, the gender distribution, average age and average tenure of the independent board members. The result shows that there has been an increase in the number of independent board members within the investigated time period. The banks are complying with guidelines concerning board independence that are included in various recommendations provided by both the European Commission as well as the Swedish Corporate Governance Board.
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Kasecamp, Emily Hager PhD. "COMPANY, COLONY, AND CROWN: THE OHIO COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, EMPIRE BUILDING, AND THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR, 1747-1763." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1574777293217054.
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Collyer, Paddie. "An examination of the development of the British Board of Film Censors seen through the archives of three local authorities from 1912 until 1982 and of the British Board of Film Classification : with a particular focus on 'The Last Temptation of Christ' (1988), 'Natural Born Killers' (1994), and 'Crash' (1996)." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2003. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/605/.
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Ku, Huang-Hui, and 辜煌輝. "Cryopreservation of Boar Semen." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14645664755332835707.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
畜產系
89
Major advantages of using frozen boar semen are as follows: not limited by geographic or time limitation, genetic improvement, economical service and for animal preservation. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of semen extenders, frozen-thawed speed rate and egg-yolk component on motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Results of the study indicated that the motility and trypan blue unstained in 1:1 dilution were higher than other groups (1:0, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:10). Tween 20 and Tween 80 were shown not good additives for freeze extender. If boar semen diluted with extender supplement with high concentration detergent (1st and 2nd with 1.5% OEP) and stored at 5℃ for over 24 hr, the sperm motility was low. However, there is not disadvantageous if semen store for a short time. Either egg-yolk extender go through centrifugation or not, there were no significant difference among sperm motility and trypan blue unstained after frozen-thawed procedure. Boar semen dilute with freeze extender supplement without or with 20 mg/ml taurine and 20 mg/ml L-glutamine were 51.3%, 51.3% and 52.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference among groups. When straw placed in -20℃ cooling room at the time intervals of 0, 5, 15 min, then put the straw above LN vapor for another 20, 15 and 5 min, the sperm motility was no significant difference. However, there was no survive if the straw placed into LN directly after storage at -20℃for 25 min. When boar semen diluted with MIII (Kiev), Androhep, BTS, Modena before or after frozen-thawed procedure and the result was showed that the sperm motility was lowest at Modena group for fresh semen extender, however, the sperm motility was highest at Modena group for thawed extender. The result indicated that the higher thawed-sperm motility have higher conception rate after AI.
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黃宗平. "Effects of Semen Mixing on Quality of the Extended Boar Semen." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09364223178636795900.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
動物科學與畜產系所
100
Heterologous insemination (HI), also known as heterospermic inseminations, is a common practise to inseminate sows with extended semen made of ejaculates from 2 or more boars. HI may increase sows’ conception rates by ‘risk diversification’, especially when boar’s fertility is not certain. Because of this , HI has becomed popular in Taiwan. However, it is still not clear that ejaculate mixing would affect quality of the extended semen during storage. This study was conducted to compare daily change in semen traits for three days among various combinations of heterospermic semen. In experiment 1 (Exp 1), three ejaculates each from 29 Duroc boars were collected and there motility (MOT) and hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) were determined. Boars were classified into one of three groups by cluster analysis, including SH (single ejaculate with high MOT and HOS), SM (low MOT but high HOST), and SL (high MOT but low HOST). In Exp 2, each four combinations of heterospermic semen samples were made, including HH, HM, HL, ML, and MM, by either mixing equal sperm number (MEN-) or equal ejaculate volume (MEV-). These combined or noncombined semen sample were all extended into a typical dose (5×108 total sperm in 80 mL) before stored at 16℃. Sperm traits were measured daily for 3 days. In Experiment 3, ejaculates from same boars were mixed at a ratio of 1:2 or 2:1. The mixed and unmixed samples were prepared and sperm traits were examined as described in Exp 2. Data were arc-sine transformed and then analyzed using ANOVA, orthogonal contrast, and Duncan multiple range test. Among MEN groups in Exp 2, MEV-HL group exhibited a higher MOT than SH and SL (56.2 ± 5.2% vs 66.4 ± 2.3 and 64.8 ± 3.7%). SL group had a lower HOST than SH, SM and any other combined groups. MEN-MM group had lower acrosome integrity than all uncombined groups and the rest of combined groups. Among MEV groups in Exp 2, MEV-HH and MEV-HM had a higher MOT than SM group (69.7 ± 3.2, 70.0 ± 2.9% vs 60.9 ± 2.4%). All the heterospermic groups had a higher HOST than SL group. In addition, SH (41.9 ± 1.5%) and SM (43.1 ± 1.3%) groups both had higher HOST than MEV-HL (36.8 ± 2.9%) (P < 0.05). In Exp 3, M-HL12 had a higher MOT than M-HL21 (62.8 ± 4.8% vs 53.1 ± 5.3%). Groups SH and SM had higher HOST than M-HL12 (37.2 ± 2.6%), M-ML12 (34.7 ± 2.6%), M-HL21 (34.5 ± 3.1%) and M-ML21 (36.1 ± 2.5%). SM group also exhibits a higher HOST than M-HM12 (41.4 ± 2.1%). M-HM21 group had a higher acrosome integrity than M-HM12 (69.8 ± 3.5% vs 64.4 ± 4.0%), while acrosome integrity in SH group (69.2 ± 2.8%) was higher than groups M-HM12 and M-HL21 (64.4 ± 4.0%, 64.8 ± 3.5%), and M-HM21 higher than SM (65.1 ± 3.8%). These results suggest that ejaculates mixed with equal volume tends to have higher while ejaculates mixed with equal number tend to have a lower motility than unmixed ones. Extended semen made from single ejaculate also had higher motility than mixed group, no matter what the ratios of sperm numbers were. Semen made from equal number sperm may have a higher HOST than those mixed with equal volumes or the unmixed groups, and the unmixed group have a higher HOST than those mixed with various ratios. It is concluded that ejaculate mixing may exhibit dissimilar effects on measurements of motility and HOST.
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Wang, Yu-Feng, and 王渝灃. "Computer Simulation of Automatic Boar Semen Collection." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05717338292838929018.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
生物產業機電工程學研究所
101
For semen collection, the traditional gloved-hand method had several disadvantages such as low working efficiency, intensive labors, not considering the safety of collectors and human factors. The newly developed automated semen collection technique should be able to solve the above problems. Recently, labor shortage is a common problem existed in rural area of Taiwan, and the automated semen collection is a must for the swine industry. To follow the development of industry, the aim of this study is to develop a model which is able to simulate the operation of semen collection, and computer simulations will be conducted to find out the key factors of improving performance. According to the semen collection operation of the testing breeding farm, the whole process were separated into five time slots in this study: 1. moving time from pig pen to the waiting room, 2. waiting time, 3. moving time from waiting room to semen collection room, 4. semen collection time, and 5. moving time from semen collection room back to pig pen. Firstly, 20 heads of boars were intensively sampling for individual time slots data during the whole collection process. The means and standard deviations for each time slot were found and used as the starting parameters for a draft model using those previously collected data. The computer program of the model was coded with C++ based on Microsoft Visual Studio 2010, and the OpenGL was used for graph displaying. The manipulated variables in this program include semen collection time and the walking speed of the boar, and the interface parameters need be set up before executing the program are: number of boars to be collected, numbers of semen collection room and the waiting room to be chosen for operation, and order of boars to be collected. The parameters of this draft model was adjusted after their simulation results being compared with data collected from another batch of 32 heads of boars. This modified model was further validated using the data collected from another batch of 37 heads of boars. This validated model could be used in evaluating and planning of the existing facilities of the breeding farm. For example, the tested variables could include the number of semen collection room and waiting room, the order of boars to be collected and the number of operator driving the boars. After conducting recursive simulations and comparing the tested results, the optimal planning was found as follows: 1. using 4 semen collection rooms simultaneously could save operation time up to 43%, 2. efficiency improving was not significant when increasing the number of waiting rooms owing to the limitation of number of semen collection room, and 3. the minimum total operation time was achieved if the nearest boar from waiting room was out first.
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Tsai, Tsung-Han, and 蔡宗翰. "Effects of Trolox to Boar Diluent Semen on The Quality of Cryopreserved Semen." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27105195622419307053.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
生物技術與動物科學系動物科學碩士班
102
Liquid and frozen methods are usually used to apply in boar semen preservation. The principal semen preservation is liquid method in pig breeding farm. However the number of semen dosages of collected and diluted the boar semen is usually greater than the number of mated sows. It wastes the excellent boar semen. If we could cryopreserve the liquid boar semen, we would increase the application of the excellent boars. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Trolox in diluent boar semen for 2 and 3 days storage on the sperm quality and in vitro fertility of cryopreserved boar diluent semen. In experiment 1, the fresh boar semen was mixed with SafeCell diluent containing 200 μM Trolox in a 50% ratio, and stored at 16 to 18 ˚C in a refrigerator for 2 and 3 days. Before and after cryopreservation, the sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, viability and mitochondrial activity of the stored semen were analyzed using phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry. The thawed semen was examined during 4 hours (0, 2 and 4 hours) post-thawed. The results indicated that the sperm quality parameters including motility, acrosomal integrity, viability and mitochondrial activity of liquid stored semen with Trolox after 2 d and 3 d storage were no significant difference compared with the control. The acrosomal integrity of cryopreserved diluent semen with Trolox for 2 d storage was 37.8% that was significantly better than the control (28.1%) (P < 0.05). At post-thawed 2 hours, the motility of sperm in diluent semen with Trolox for 2 d storage was 46% that was significantly higher than the same treatment for 3 d storage (40%) (P < 0.05). At post-thawed 4 hour, all quality parameters of the 4 groups were not different significantly.In experiment 2, fresh boar semen was mixed with SafeCell or BTS diluents containing 200 μM Trolox in a 50% ratio, and stored at 16 to 18 ˚C in a refrigerator for 3 d. Before cryopreservation, the free radical scavenging of diluent semen sored at 0 and 3 days was analyzed by DPPH antioxidant assay. Before and after cryopreservation, the sperm motility, acrosomal integrity, viability and mitochondrial activity of the cryopreserved semen were analyzed by phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry. Finally, the fertility of the frozen semen was evaluated by in vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes. The results showed that the free radical scavenging among all groups was not significantly different before semen cryopreserved. The quality parameters of thawed semen, including motility, acrosomal integrity, viability and mitochondrial activity did not differ significantly between SafeCell and BTS diluent semen with or without Trolox. However, the incubated time (0, 2 and 4 hours) of post thawed semen affected all quality parameters. The longer time of incubation decreased the sperm quality. The diluent semen supplemented with Trolox did not improve the sperm quality of cryopreserved semen. Finally, there was no difference of penetration rate and polyspermy rate in IVF experiments among the 4 groups.In conclusion, the Trolox in diluent semen could improve the integrity of sperm acrosome, and extension the time of liquid stored semen decreased the sperm motility of frozen-thawed semen. All parameters and fertility of BTS and SafeCell diluent semen with or without Trolox that stored 3 days and cryopreserved did not differ significantly after been thawed. We also suggested that the shorter time diluent (BTS) could be used to dilute boar semen for cryopreservation, but the longer time diluent (SafeCell) maintained the better sperm quality of post-thaw semen.
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Wu, Ming-Hsun, and 吳明勳. "Development of the liquefaction of boar semen extender." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00513807144716838440.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
畜產系
93
Artificial insemination is an important biological technique to improve livestock reproduction and breeding quality. The benefits include spread out genes of high quality boar characters and reduced animal infectious diseases. In order to improve the productivity of a pig farm, the semen extender plays an important role in the artificial insemination. The purpose of this study is to develop a liquefied boar semen extender. The extender not only can provide convenience to use, but also it’s quality can maintain stable and diminish the possibility of bacterial infection. In the 1st experiment, the Sperm-up diluents that made accord with Kiev formula mixed with antibiotic-gentamicin sulfate, storage the solution for a month under the temperatures of 8℃, room temperature (30℃), and 40℃, the potency of gentamicin sulfate decreased to 63.63%, 39.37%, and 0% respectively. The higher temperature let the solution color became darker. Results were shown that high temperature affects the quality of Sperm-up and antibiotic potency. In the 2nd experiment, used different dose combinations of antioxidants, including sod. bisulfite, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and polyaminoproy biguanide, the results reveal that those antioxidants have a negative influence to the sperm motility. In the 3rd experiment, the stability of extenders that mixed with different antibiotics was tested. Added neomycin, gentamicin, and apramycin change its color easily. During storage, extenders supplement with penicillin+streptomycin, its color changes gradually from clear to light yellow in three months. The deteriorate neomycin and apramycin during storage are harmful to the sperm motility compare to MIII group (P<0.05). The sperm motility during four days of preservation, penicillin+streptomycin and gentamicin groups have no significant difference (P>0.05) than MIII group, however, both antibiotic potency dropped. Results were shown that liquefaction of the popular antibiotics affects to the sperm preservation and decreases antibiotic potency. In the 4th experiment, a new kind of fluoroquinolone antibiotic- enrofloxacin was picked and tried. After six days storage, sperm motility in 30 mg, 5 mg enrofloxacin is obviously superior to the MIII and Modena groups (28.4% vs 8.6% and 28.3% vs 0.0%). The viability of the semen has similar performance. Observed during the experiment, the pH value and bacteria growth showed consistent variation. There is no tremendous pH value change in both 5 mg and 30 mg of enrofloxacin. It shows that new antibiotic can effectively inhibit the growth of microflora without affecting the preservation of spermatozoa. In the 5th experiment, another kind of fluoroquinolone antibiotic-ciprofloxacin, was selected for experiment. Group that supplement ciprofloxacin successfully demonstrates excellent sperm preservation and broad safety range. In the 6th experiment, Kiev’s solution added with 100 mg/500 mL of ciprofloxacin as semen extender applied to five commercial pig farms in summer time (May to July). There were totally 622 sows participated in this experiment. Results were shown there is no significant difference (P>0.05) between each group in conception rate and farrowing rate, but the litter size of ciprofloxacin group is higher (P<0.05) than others group. However, during storage crystals were discovered in the 100 mg/500 mL ciprofloxacin, decreased ciprofloxacin to 50 mg/500 mL was repeated again and no significant difference was observed in the performance of sow reproduction. In summary, Kiev solution added with 50 mg/500 mL ciprofloxacin is stable, cost effective and worth for commerce.
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Chen, Yichu, and 陳奕竹. "Develop New Extenders To Improve The Boar Semen Quality." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16848863896913193203.
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碩士國立宜蘭大學
動物科技學系碩士班
100
Livestock semen is preserved in liquid or frozen states. The principal preservation mode of semen used for pig artificial insemination (AI) is liquid storage, which prolongs the storage time of boar semen to different extenders, depending on the extender used. During extended semen storage, the death of some spermatozoa causes agglutination of the cells, causing more of the live sperm to die. The addition of gelatin to semen extenders used for storage of rabbit and sheep semen has resulted in a more uniform distribution of spermatozoa and prevents sedimentation. This has not only maintained sperm motility and membrane integrity but also improved fertility. However, the gelatin-supplemented extenders used for boar are not applicable to pig AI. Xanthan gum (X-gum) is a widely used cosmetic thickener, and it can be used to uniformly suspend semen; however, the effect of X-gum on boar semen quality is unknown. The objective of this study was to develop gelatin- or X-gum-supplemented extenders applicable to refrigerated preservation of boar semen. Initially, the extenders were stored at 16°C for 3 days, 4°C for 14 days, or -20°C for 90 days, and we examined changes in pH value, osmotic pressure, and total bacteria count to evaluate the effect of storage on the quality of the extender. Fresh boar semen was then diluted in the extenders and stored. Semen quality was examined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, and fertility was verified by in vitro fertilization (IVF). The results indicated that the osmotic pressure of extenders could be maintained during storage at 16°C for 3 days and 4°C for 14 days, but that the pH value was significantly 0.2 higher than that of fresh extenders. Nevertheless, when comparing extenders stored at -20°C for 90 days and at 16°C for 3 days, the pH values and osmotic pressures were significantly higher expected mBTS (+G) (P < 0.05), but were still tolerated by the sperm. Boar semen was extended in 1.5% gelatin- or 0.3% X-gum-supplemented extenders for 3 days. In these extenders, the spermatozoa remained suspended in the upper layer; however, in semen extenders lacking gelatin or X-gum, the semen sedimented after 6 hours. When the semen was extended in gelatin- or X-gum-supplemented extenders, the sperm motility and membrane integrity were significantly lower on the 3rd day than on the 1st day (P < 0.05); however, these factors still met the eligibility criteria for pig AI. The sperm membrane integrity (93.8 ± 1.5%) and mitochondrial function (89.9 ± 0.4%) on the 1st day (P < 0.05) were significantly higher for semen extended in gelatin-supplemented extenders than those of semen extended in other types of extenders. However, the sperm viability (79.3 ± 1.7%) was significantly lower in gelatin-supplemented extenders than in other types on the 3rd day (P < 0.05). Using IVF of pig oocytes, we then compared the fertility of the extended semen between that stored with shaking or non-shaking, and that stored in gelatin- or X-gum-supplemented extenders for 3 days. The sperm penetration rates were 86.3 ± 20.3%, 70.4 ± 7.0%, 88.6 ± 7.1%, and 76.6 ± 1.3%, respectively; there were no significant differences in fertility between semen stored under these conditions. In conclusion, boar semen extended with gelatin- or X-gum-supplemented extenders can effectively maintain semen quality and fertility.
42
Hsiao, Sung-Ling, and 蕭淞齡. "A model for predicting quality characteristics of boar semen." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22673700495215285349.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
動物科學系所
104
The purpose of this study was to develop an online system on predicting quality characteristics of boar semen which can instantly assess boar semen traits and estimate future performance of semen quality in order to assist users to effectively utilize their breeding boars. This system adopted Microsoft Windows Server 2008 operating system, and was written in ASP.NET 4.5 (Active Server Page.NET4.5) programming language coordinated with CSS3 (Cascading Style Sheet 3) and C#.NET. The system framework was consisted of ”home”, “semen quality”, “reproduction system”, ”predicting model”, “user guide”, ”related link”, and “contact us”. In the predicting model, user could use the boar ejaculate month and season to estimate semen quality characteristics, and regression equations by statistical analysis from on farm data of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire to estimate the future boar semen trait performance. The system also use different prediction model according to different breed and season. Users can also use their own estimates of parameters in the regression equations to change the system to meet their demands. The system provides regression analysis data of boar semen production to estimate future performance, and to assist pig farmers to assess whether it is worthwhile to keep this boar, and furthermore improve the effective utilization of breeding boars.
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Mapeka, Mohleko Helen. "Characterization and cryopreservation of South African indigenous Kolbroek boar semen." Thesis, 2011. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000660.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech. degree in Agriculture)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011.There is a lack of research on the characterization and cryopreservation of Kolbroek boar semen. This study evaluated Kolbroek boar semen characteristics, extenders and cryoprotectants for cryopreservation, and its subsequent assessment of fertility by in vitro fertilization.
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Yang, Ihsienhsuuan, and 楊逸軒. "Effects of Cryoprotectant Composition and Freezing Rate on the Semen Quality of Frozen-Thawed Boar Semen." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31213879345805837845.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
動物科學與畜產系所
103
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of cryoprotectant composition, including various concentrations of glycerol, trehalose, and low density lipoprotein (LDL), and freezing rate on the quality of frozen-thawed boar semen. Parameters analyzed were sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial potential and DNA integrity. Results demonstrated that the semen quality of cyroprotectant containing 6% glycerol is significantly (P < 0.05) improved in comparison with those of croprotectant containing 3 and 4.5 % glycerol. Semen positioned 1 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen (average freezing rate = -60℃/min) had significantly (P < 0.05) better quality then semen positioned 3 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen (average freezing rate = -30℃/min) after thawing. Using the cyroprotectant containing 300 mM trehalose lead to significantly (P < 0.05) improved semen quality when compared to using cryoprotectants containing 250 mM trehalose, 350 mM trehalose, and 11% lactose. In addition, cyroprotectant containing 10% LDL was significantly (P < 0.05) better than 8% LDL, 12% LDL, and 20% egg yolk in terms of maintaining semen quality. Taken together, the combination of using the cyroprotectant containing 6% glycerol, 300 mM, and 10% LDL with the average freezing rate at -60℃/min (positioned 1 cm above the surface of liquid nitrogen) had the optimal semen quality. Using such semen for artificial insemination (AI) had similar (P > 0.05) conception rate (53.8 vs. 54.5%) in comparison with using fresh semen. However, the litter size (13.0 v.s. 9.2) and the number of piglets born alive per litter (12.0 v.s. 9.0) of the sows AI with frozen semen were significantly higher than those of the sows AI with fresh semen.
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Liu, Ying-Jyug, and 劉映均. "Effect of trehalose on the quality of freeze-dried boar semen." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47515703972829780426.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
動物科技學系碩士班
99
The freeze-dried semen was lower cost and more convenience, not only for long-term preservation but also for long-distance transportation. Being freeze-dried, the spermatozoa lost their motility and could not be used for in vitro fertilization (IVF) or artificial insemination (AI) for the purpose of fertilization. Only intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with embryo transfer could be possible for producing offspring. How to reduce the damage to sperm during the freeze-drying process is the major issue in this research. The objective of the present study was to establish the optimal condition for freeze-drying boar semen and evaluated the effect of the concentration of trehalose (0 M, 0.1 M and 0.2 M), storage temperature (25℃, 4℃ and -80℃) and storage time (1 and 6 months) on the quality of freeze-dried semen, male pronuclear formation (MPN) and embryo development after ICSI. Considering the water content and quality change of boar semen after freeze-dried, we decided the freeze-dried condition with 5 mTorr and -54℃ for freeze-drying 16 hours. The water content of freeze-dried semen was reduced to 3.55%, the quality of freeze-dried semen was not affects for 1 week preservation at 18℃. Compared with fresh semen, the viability, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial function of freeze-dried semen were significantly decreased and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was increased significantly. However, the 0.1 M or 0.2 M of trehalose freeze-dried semen possessed higher acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial functional and indicated a significantly lower DNA fragmentation index than that without trehalose. Being stored at -80℃ the viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial functional and DNA integrity of freeze-dried semen were better than that stored at 25℃ or 4℃. Despite that the time in storage did not affect its viability and mitochondrial functional, freeze-dried semen in storage for one month indicated higher acrosomal integrity and lower DFI than that in six months. After the injection of freeze-dried sperm into the oocytes, the male pronuclear formation rate, embryos cleavage and embryo development rate between the treatment groups had no significant difference. Therefore, adding the trehalose can enhance the acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial functional and DNA integrity and effectively reduce the damage to the sperm during the freeze-drying process, but it provides no significant improvement to MPN and embryos development after ICSI.
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Crowell, Sara Shute. "Evaluating temperature effects and extension cooling rates on boar semen quality." 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03232009-110114/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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WONG, CI-HONG, and 翁齊宏. "Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Combine with Antibiotics for Liquid Boar Semen Preservation." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36990575708796073275.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
生物技術與動物科學系
105
Antibiotics should be added to boar semen extender to increase semen storage time and reduce pathogen proliferation. Although antibiotics easily cause bacterial resistance, a lack of them in boar semen results in bacterial proliferation, a decline in sperm quality, artificial insemination failure, and even harm to the reproductive systems of artificially inseminated sows. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (cAMPs) have a high affinity to bacteria. They are highly stable and provide little bacterial resistance, so they are potential substitutes for antibiotics. However, few studies have been conducted in which antimicrobial peptide has been added to boar-extended semen. This study evaluated the effects of cAMP for bacterial proliferation and sperm quality in extended semen. Two cAMPs, Pleurocidin (PLE-a) and Q4-15a, as well as the antibiotic gentamicin and four types of bacteria, namely Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Klebsiella oxytoca were used in the experiment. The experiment was divided into five parts. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of simulated contamination of common bacteria in boar-extended semen on sperm quality. Experiment 2 evaluated the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cAMPs on four common bacteria in boar semen. Experiment 3 evaluated the effects of cAMPs on boar sperm quality. Combining the results of three experiments described, experiment 4 evaluated the effects of cAMPs and gentamicin on sperm quality in boar extended semen–simulated contamination of common bacteria and analyzed whether the antimicrobial substance could improve sperm quality in extended semen. Bacterial concentration, pH value, osmotic pressure, agglutination, normal morphology, acrosome integrity, viability, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial functional were detected in these experiments. Finally, experiment 5 evaluated the effects of cAMPs on sperm fertility through in vitro fertilization. The results of experiment 1 showed that the boar-extended semen simulated bacterial contamination at 5 × 106 CFU/mL and stored at 17°C for 72 hours, increased bacterial concentration, decreased the pH value, changed osmotic pressure, decreased sperm motility, and increased sperm agglutination. The results of experiment 2 indicated that 256 μg/mL of PLE-a or Q4-15a in 5 × 106 CFU/mL of extended semen–simulated bacterial contamination could not inhibit the proliferation of E. coli and K. oxytoca. However, the combination of gentamicin, PLE-a, and Q4-15a could decrease the MIC of cAMPs to 128 μg/mL. A total of 5 × 103 CFU/mL of extended semen–simulated bacterial contamination, PLE-a, and Q4-15a could completely inhibit four types of bacteria, and the MICs of cAMPs were 8 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL, respectively. The combination of gentamicin and the two cAMPs also decreased their MIC. Experiment 3 revealed that the high concentration of cAMPs in extended semen could damage the sperm. Extended semen containing more than 25 μg/mL of PLE-a or Q4-15a could seriously damage sperm motility and acrosome integrity. The concentration of cAMPs below 10 μg/mL did not affect sperm quality. Experiment 4 showed that 8 μg/mL of PLE-a combined with gentamicin inhibited bacterial proliferation in extended semen–simulated bacterial contamination but did not affect sperm quality. In Experiment 5, the extended semen supplemented with 8 μg/mL of PLE-a and 4 μg/mL of gentamicin, 4 μg/mL of PLE-a and 32 μg/mL of gentamicin, 16 μg/mL of Q4-15a and 4 μg/mL of gentamicin, or 4 μg/mL of Q4-15a and 32 μg/mL of gentamicin and stored at 17°C for 72 hours could inhibit bacterial proliferation under 103 CFU/mL and maintained more than 70% sperm motility. The results of the in vitro fertilization experiment confirmed that sperm in extended semen could penetrate the oocytes. In conclusion, the bacteria in boar semen can damage semen and sperm quality. The extended semen supplemented with cAMPs could inhibit bacterial proliferation. Ten μg/mL of cAMPs in the extended semen did not affect sperm quality and fertility.
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吳鼎文. "The Effect of Different Freezing Methods on Cryo-efficiency of the Boar Semen." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05327383558145923288.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
獸醫學系研究所
98
The aim of this study was to evaluate the combinatorial effects of different concentrations of Orvus Es Paste (0 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 1.5 % or 2 %), different cryoprotectants (5 % dimethylacetamide or 5 % glycerol), and freezing methods (liquid nitrogen or dry ice) on boar semen cryo-preservation. Nine breeding boars (Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc) were chosen and semen manually collected twice from each boar. The 18 semen samples were used to compare the cryosurvival efficiency of the 14 treatments (A-N) . The qualities of thawed semen were best preserved in treatment H (0.5 % OEP, 5 % glycerol and dry ice), followed by treatment E and were worst in treatment B (0 % OEP, 5 % dimethylacetamide and dry ice) were observed. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in post-thawed sperm motility (63.4 % vs. 26.9 %), percentage of linear motion sperm (56.9 % vs. 17.5 %), sperm viability (70.0 % vs. 33.3 %) and sperm acrosomal integrity rate (67.9 % vs. 29.4 %) among the treatment H and B. However, the proportion of sperm with normal morphology showed no significant difference (65.6 % vs. 66.3 %; p>0.05) among them. Further statistic analysis suggests that there was no significant difference in semen quality among breed or individual donors (p>0.05).
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Lin, Yi-Shen, and 林怡伸. "Establishment of the method of boar semen analysis by the UltiMate Sperm AnalysisTM." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04878007022595320425.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
94
The inspection boar seminal fluid character may promote the sow conception rate. The former boar sperm vigor and the state examination are carry on by the artificial way, easy to receive the subjective consciousness to affect. But in the present medicine uses the sperm power analyzer may fast also analyzes the human sperm objectively the vigor and the state, but applies in the boar sperm's inspection, then Shang Shuxin attempted. This article mainly take analyzes the comparison by the different diluent formula of examination fluid as the foundation (N=5), discovers most suits applies the examination fluid which boar uses in Ultimate Sperm AnalyzerTM, after finally passes through the experiment and the material analysis chooses 3 kind of good diluent to be possible to supply the sperm to move the analyzer examination. The analysis quite different examination density meter and the sperm power analyzer sperm density relevance, the sperm vigor analyzer and the photoelectricity color comparator the correlation coefficient had 0.956 after the repetition test. When compared with by cell dyeing way use sperm power analyzer examination sperm state with by artificial microscopic exam way examination sperm state both relevance, because by sperm power analyzer examination sperm state step complicated, also must dehydrate, dyeing and so on steps, easy to cause the sperm state damage, therefore both the relevance is not remarkable.
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LIN, I.-HSUAN, and 林宜萱. "Effect of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate on the quality of extended boar semen." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gpv338.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立宜蘭大學
生物技術與動物科學系動物科學碩士班
107
Artificial insemination technology is widely used in commercial pig farm production. However, semen is easily contaminated by bacteria during the process of insemination which called bacteriospermia. Therefore, antibiotics are added to the boar semen extender to reduce microbial proliferation and prolong the semen preservation time, but it may also cause bacterial resistance. Bacterial proliferation cannot be inhibited without the addition of antibiotics. Contaminated semen may cause sows endometritis, damage the reproductive system, and reduce reproductive efficiency. Sodium benzoate (SB), potassium sorbate (PS) and lysozyme are food additives to avoid food spoilage. SB can destroy the permeability of microbial cell membranes, such as bacteria and mold, inhibit the absorption of amino acids by cell membranes. PS can alter cell membrane morphology, inhibit transport function and metabolic activity. Lysozyme can hydrolyze the glycosidic bond of the cell wall peptidoglycan and damage the bacterial cell wall. The object of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of SB, PS and lysozyme on bacterial proliferation and sperm quality in extended semen. The test used four bacteriostatic substances, SB, PS, lysozyme, gentamicin (Gen), and the four bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella oxytoca, which are common in boar semen. The study consists of six parts: Experiment 1 evaluated the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of four bacteriostatic substances on common bacteria in boar semen. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of boar extended semen supplemented with bacteriostatic substances on sperm quality. Experiment 3 evaluated the effect of bacteriostatic substances on bacteriostatic effect and sperm quality of preserved boar extended semen simulated contamination with bacteria. Experiment 4 evaluated the bacteriostatic effect of bacteriostatic substances combined with antibiotics on common bacteria in boar semen. Experiment 5 evaluated the effect of bacteriostatic substances combined with antibiotics on bacteriostatic effect and sperm quality of preserved boar extended semen simulated contamination with bacteria. Finally, experiment 6 evaluated the effects of bacteriostatic substances on sperm fertility through in vitro fertilization (IVF). The result of experiment 1 showed that adding SB, PS and Gen to the culture medium of four common bacteria in semen, the growth of bacteria decreased with the increase of the additive concentration, but lysozyme could not. The result of experiment 2 indicated the dose effect of SB and PS on boar sperm, and the addition amount should be lower than 20 mM and 8 mM, respectively. The result of experiment 3 revealed that SB 10 mM inhibited bacterial proliferation effectively and maintained the quality of sperm which extended semen simulating low-concentration bacterial contamination preservation for 3 days. However, the addition of PS 4 or 8 mM to extended semen that simulated contamination with bacteria didn’t effectively inhibit bacteria proliferation and maintain sperm quality. PS is not suitable for use in contaminated boar extended semen. The results of experiments 4, 5 and 6 showed that SB 10 mM combined with Gen 0.005 g/L inhibited bacterial proliferation effectively, maintained the quality of sperm and not affect sperm fertilization ability which extended semen simulating high-concentration bacterial contamination preservation for 3 days. In conclusion, adding appropriate amount of sodium benzoate to the boar extended semen with low-concentration of bacterial contamination, can effectively inhibit bacterial proliferation and maintain sperm quality within 3 days of preservation, there is no difference from using commercial BTS extender. Adding appropriate amount of SB combined with a small amount of gentamicin to the extended boar semen simulating low-concentration bacterial contamination also has good bacteriostatic effect and maintained the quality and fertility of sperm, reduces the amount of antibiotics used at the same time.