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Journal articles on the topic 'Board of Ethics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Giraud, Cécile, Giuseppe Davide Cioffo, Maïté Kervyn de Lettenhove, and Carlos Ramirez Chaves. "Navigating research ethics in the absence of an ethics review board: The importance of space for sharing." Research Ethics 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747016117750081.

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Ethics review committees have become a common institution in English-speaking research communities, and are now increasingly being adopted in a variety of research environments. In light of existing debates on the aptness of ethics review boards for assessing research work in the social sciences, this article investigates the ways in which researchers navigate issues of research ethics in the absence of a formal review procedure or of an ethics review board. Through the analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, the article questions the overall utility of ethics review boards. Highlighting the importance of space for sharing, the authors argue for the development of a new type of structure that takes into account researchers’ ‘ethos of responsibility’ as an adequate ethical compass for research in the social sciences.

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Gu, Can, Man Ye, Xiaomin Wang, Min Yang, Honghong Wang, and Kaveh Khoshnood. "Nurse researchers’ perspectives on research ethics in China." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 3 (August 16, 2017): 798–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017720848.

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Background: In China, research ethics is a subject of increasingly formal regulation. However, little is known about how nursing researchers understand the concept of research ethics and the ways in which they can maintain ethical standards in their work. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine nursing researchers’ perspectives on research ethics in China. Research design: We conducted a descriptive qualitative study. Qualitative research methods enabled us to gain an in-depth understanding of nursing researchers’ views on research ethics. Participants and research context: We carefully selected and extensively interviewed 28 nursing researchers, nursing faculty, and clinical nurses who had been involved in research or who may undertake research in the future. We collected data between October 2014 and March 2015. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the institutional review boards of Yale University and Central South University. Findings: We grouped the data into five categories based on the interviewees’ responses: (1) perceptions of ethics, bioethics, and research ethics; (2) perception of the ethics review process; (3) perception of the function of institutional review boards; (4) the need for comprehensive ethical guidelines for future studies; and (5) ethical challenges faced by the interviewees. Discussion and conclusion: This study contributes new insights into nursing researchers’ views on research ethics in China and finds considerable shortcomings in researchers’ understanding and implementation of ethical principles. Intensive educational efforts are needed to provide nursing researchers, institutional review board members, and even study subjects with accurate and up-to-date information and guidance on research ethics. In addition, while Western research ethics theoretically have guided Chinese clinical research for several years, the ways in which nursing researchers have implemented these ethical standards highlight the differences between the Eastern and Western ethical paradigms. This finding suggests the need for ethical standards that are more tailored to the Chinese context.

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3

Felo, Andrew J. "Board Oversight of Corporate Ethics Programs and Disclosure Transparency." Accounting and the Public Interest 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/api.2007.7.1.1.

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For a number of years, groups such as the Jenkins Committee and the SEC have taken steps to make corporate activities more transparent to investors. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires publicly traded firms to disclose whether they have adopted codes of ethics for their senior financial officers. An implicit assumption is that ethics codes will help firms develop more transparent disclosure policies by enhancing their internal control environments. However, past research (Felo 2000) provides evidence that board involvement in the development, implementation, and maintenance of codes is an important factor in whether ethics codes are related to stronger internal control environments. Using results from Standard and Poor's survey of transparency and disclosure (Patel and Dallas 2002), I find that firms having ethics programs overseen by their boards disclose more overall information, financial information, and board and management information than do other firms. Additionally, they are more likely to disclose information recommended by the Jenkins Committee and to voluntarily provide information recently mandated by the SEC. Although my evidence only demonstrates an association between board oversight of ethics programs and disclosure transparency, it does support mandating greater board involvement in corporate ethics programs as a way to enhance corporate disclosure transparency.

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4

Dent, S. F., R. Saginur, S. Stacey, R. Heslegrave, and B. Zanke. "Ontario Cancer Research Ethics Board (OCREB): A central research ethics board initiative." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 14_suppl (July 15, 2004): 6094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.22.14_suppl.6094.

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Dent, S. F., R. Saginur, S. Stacey, R. Heslegrave, and B. Zanke. "Ontario Cancer Research Ethics Board (OCREB): A central research ethics board initiative." Journal of Clinical Oncology 22, no. 14_suppl (July 15, 2004): 6094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6094.

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6

Jacob, Jean Daniel, and Thomas Foth. "Conflicting interests: Critiquing the place of “institutional reputation” in research ethics reviews." Aporia 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/aporia.v11i2.4596.

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Going through Research Ethics Boards (REB) and being held accountable to the highest ethical standards to conduct research with human subjects is commonplace. The goal of such a process helps ensure the selection and achievements not only of morally acceptable ends, but also of acceptable means to those ends when conducting research. Ultimately, REBs must pass judgment about the acceptability of harms and benefi ts to participants as they relate to research processes and outcomes. In this paper, we explore the implication of integrating “institutional reputation” as a category of analysis in the ethical review process. Informed by a recent Research Ethics Board (REB) review, we seek to engage with the readership in a constructive refl ection on the concept of institutional reputation as a source of confl icting interests in research ethics review process.

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7

Howton, Shawn D., Shelly W. Howton, and Victoria B. McWilliams. "The Ethical Implications of Ignoring Shareholder Directives to Remove Antitakeover Provisions." Business Ethics Quarterly 18, no. 3 (July 2008): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200818326.

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Managers have a unique fiduciary responsibility to shareholders of a firm that implies a set of ethical obligations. At a minimum, managers are required to protect shareholder’s interests when other stakeholders are unaffected by their decision. This ethical imperative has been established in the literature. In cases of conflicts of interest between managers and shareholders, the board of directors of the firm has an ethical obligation to shareholders. The structure of the board can affect its ability to fulfill this obligation. Two specific cases where managerial actions have been argued to be unethical are the adoption of classified boards and poison pills. In this study, we empirically analyze the role of board structure in protecting shareholder rights in the specific case of antitakeover provisions. We test this question on a sample of firms whose shareholders have voted to remove antitakeover provisions and find that independent, focused boards are more likely to accede to shareholder resolutions than are less independent boards. Board size is also important and related to other board structures. We draw implications of this finding for future research on the ethics of board governance.What’s really needed is a change in mindset—one that fosters not only a culture of compliance but also a company-wide environment that fosters ethical behavior and decision-making.—William H. Donaldson, SEC Chairman (2004)

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8

Maksum, Muhammad. "Economics Ethics in the Fatwa of Islamic Economics." Al-Ulum 15, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/au.v15i1.218.

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The fatwa by the National Sharia Board (Dewan Syariah Nasional/DSN) of Indonesian Ulema Council (Majlis Ulama Indonesia/MUI) and The Sharia Advisory Council of Central Bank of Malaysia/Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) on Islamic economics is dominated by its ethical aspects. The prohibition of riba (interest), for instance, is an Islamic ethic which is mostly set in both institutions. In this case, the Legal consideration contains more ethics than fatwa verdicts. The ethics in the legal consideration is commonly based on the basic ethical principles of The Noble Qur'an, the hadith and the Islamic jurisprudence. In the meantime, the ethics for the object of contract in DSN is mentioned more in the fatwa verdict than in their legal consideration while the ethics for contract performer is equally found in both areas. This thesis is discovered by reading the DSN's fatwa from 2000 t0 2010 and the MPA's fatwa from 1997 to 2010. Once identified, the ethics in both institutions is classified into a particular category. As the result, this research generates a great implication on the dominant aspect of Islamic ethics in its legal formal.

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Gurung, Mongal S., Tashi Dema, Dorji Pelzom, Tashi Tobgay, and Pakila Drukpa. "Research Ethics Board of Health: a seven year review of the only ethics review board in Bhutan." Bhutan Health Journal 2, no. 1 (May 13, 2016): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.18.

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Introduction: Research Ethics Board of Health (REBH), established in 2009, is the only ethics review board in Bhutan. The REBH was certified by the Strategic Initiative for Developing Capacity in Ethical Review (SIDCER), Forum for Ethical Review Committees in the Asian and Western Pacific Regions (FERCAP) in 2010 and recertified in 2013, and it received the Federal Wide Assurance (FWA) from the Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP), USA, in 2010 and in 2013. All researchers conducting health related research in Bhutan have to seek prior ethical clearance from REBH under the requirements of the National Health Policy 2011. Objective: The article aims to describe the performance of REBH, its standard and review procedure. Methods: A descriptive study of records and database of REBH from 2009 to 2015. Results: As of December 2015, the REBH has received 227 protocols with an average of 32 protocols per year. The median number of days for the initial review was 21 days (Min 0 days; Max 85 days). The median duration for approval of protocols from the date of receiving the application was 48 days. The average number of times the protocols were reviewed before issuing the approval letter was 2. Conclusions: There has been a progressive increase in the number of protocols submitted to REBH. This indicated an increasing research culture in Bhutan. It takes about one and half months to get an approval from REBH; therefore, researchers have to consider the time required for ethical clearance process while planning research projects.

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10

Shin, Sang-Goo. "Institutional Review Board, Ethics Committee." Journal of Korean Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1, no. 1 (1993): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.12793/jkscpt.1993.1.1.110.

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11

Flynn, Patricia C. "Ethics in the Board Room." Philosophy in the Contemporary World 10, no. 1 (2003): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pcw20031016.

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12

Fowler, Alexander. "Professional Ethics Bulletin Board System." Anthropology News 34, no. 7 (October 1993): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.1993.34.7.38.2.

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13

Gilbert, Christopher. "The Ethics of Board Perseverance." Board Leadership 2021, no. 177 (September 2021): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bl.30199.

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14

Crane, Andrew, Dirk Ulrich Gilbert, Kenneth E. Goodpaster, Marcia P. Miceli, Geoff Moore, Scott J. Reynolds, Marshall Schminke, Sandra Waddock, Gary R. Weaver, and Andrew C. Wicks. "Comments on BEQ’s Twentieth Anniversary Forum on New Directions for Business Ethics Research." Business Ethics Quarterly 21, no. 1 (January 2011): 157–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq20112117.

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ABSTRACT:In 2010, Business Ethics Quarterly published ten articles that considered the potential contributions to business ethics research arising from recent scholarship in a variety of philosophical and social scientific fields (strategic management, political philosophy, restorative justice, international business, legal studies, ethical theory, ethical leadership studies, organization theory, marketing, and corporate governance and finance). Here we offer short responses to those articles by members of Business Ethics Quarterly’s editorial board and editorial team.

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15

Kress, Victoria, Rachel O'Neill, Jake Protivnak, and Nicole Stargell. "Supervisors' Suggestions for Enhancing Counseling Regulatory Boards' Sanctioned Supervision Practices." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 37, no. 2 (March 31, 2015): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.37.2.p658p5k07m830351.

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Regulatory board-sanctioned supervision is intended to enhance the practice of disciplined counselor licensees and to protect the public. A qualitative research design was used to assess the perceptions of four supervisors who provided board-sanctioned supervision. The themes greater board-generated communication and ethics-related considerations were identified. Suggestions for state counseling regulatory boards are discussed.

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16

Garegnani, Giovanni Maria, Emilia Piera Merlotti, and Angeloantonio Russo. "Untangling the antecedents of code of ethics quality: does corporate governance matter?" Corporate Governance 15, no. 5 (October 5, 2015): 607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-02-2015-0020.

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Purpose – This study aims to investigate the antecedents of code of ethics’ quality with specific regard to the peculiarities of corporate governance, which include the role of the primary shareholders within the firm, the role and influence of independent directors on the board, the effect of board size on the strategic decision-making process and the influence of the chief executive officer’s (CEO) age and gender diversity. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 248 Italian public companies publishing a code of ethics as of 2011 is used to test the hypotheses through Tobit regression models. Findings – A positive or negative impact is derived from the implementation of a high-quality code of ethics. Codes of ethics are strongly influenced by the ownership structure of the company given the critical role played by primary shareholders with larger stakes in influencing the quality of a code. Moreover, the lower the number of independent directors, the higher the firm’s propensity to invest in code of ethics’ quality. Similar results were found in relation to board size and CEO age, where smaller boards and younger CEOs are more inclined to implement higher-quality codes of ethics. Originality/value – Results support the argument that when linked to a sustainability strategic orientation focused on a high-quality code of ethics, corporate governance characteristics reveal influences that differ from those found in prior literature.

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17

Diefendorf, Allan O. "The ASHA Board of Ethics: An Update on Roles, Responsibilities, and Educational Resources." Perspectives on Administration and Supervision 18, no. 1 (March 2008): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/aas18.1.4.

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Abstract This article reviews the purpose of the ASHA Board of Ethics as a supportive body whose primary charge is to assist in the professional development of ethical practice within and among the membership of ASHA. Although this body enforces the rules of conduct established by the code, one of its primary purposes is to review, revise, and disseminate changes or opinions of ASHA in response to issues as they arise in professional practice and research. As such, this article provides a list of current ASHA Issues in Ethics Statements, articles, and tabled summaries of the principles and rules of the current ASHA code used for filing complaints. This article suggests that ASHA members should view the ASHA Code of Ethics as a mindset instead of a rule book and the ASHA Board of Ethics as a resource for advisement and interpretation rather than the enforcer of the rules.

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18

Berlin, Jordan, Suanna S. Bruinooge, and Ian F. Tannock. "Ethics in Oncology: Consulting for the Investment Industry." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.10.3036.

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As Ethics Committee Chair, I am pleased to introduce the first in an ongoing series of ethics vignettes. These columns, which are based on true-to-life situations that arise in oncology research and practice, are intended to identify and explore important ethical issues and provide commentary that is specific to oncology. Please look for them periodically in both the Journal of Clinical Oncology and the Journal of Oncology Practice. The idea for publishing vignettes evolved through the joint efforts of the Ethics Committee and the Board of Directors. Rather than adopt a single set of ethical principles that applies vaguely to any situation and well to none, the Committee and the Board preferred to tackle ethical dilemmas individually, specifically, and directly. Because the Ethics Committee thought the ethical and legal implications of physician interactions with the investment industry were so important and timely, it chose to address this topic in both a position article, which was previously published in the January 20, 2007, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology (J Clin Oncol 25:338-340, 2007) and in its first vignette column. The Ethics Committee hopes this column will be the first of several that ASCO members will find helpful as they grapple with the many ethical issues that arise in daily practice in the field of oncology. Because these columns are intended to address the concerns of ASCO members, the Committee welcomes suggestions for future topics at vignettes@asco.org. Martin D. Abeloff, MD, Chair, Ethics Committee

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19

Muldoon, Maureen. "Professional Ethics Considerations of Research Ethics Board Members in Canada." Business and Professional Ethics Journal 25, no. 1 (2006): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bpej2006251/44.

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20

Terjesen, Siri, and Ruth Sealy. "Board Gender Quotas: Exploring Ethical Tensions From A Multi-Theoretical Perspective." Business Ethics Quarterly 26, no. 1 (January 2016): 23–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2016.7.

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ABSTRACT:Despite 40 years of equal opportunities policies and more than two decades of government and organization initiatives aimed at helping women reach the upper echelons of the corporate world, women are seriously underrepresented on corporate boards. Recently, fifteen countries sought to redress this imbalance by introducing gender quotas for board representation. The introduction of board gender quota legislation creates ethical tensions and dilemmas which we categorize in terms of motivations, legitimacy, and outcomes. We investigate these tensions through four overarching theoretical perspectives: institutional, stakeholder, social identity, and social capital. We outline a future research agenda based on how these tensions offer greater focus to research on quotas and more broadly to ethics and diversity in organizations in terms of theory, anticipated ethical tensions, data, and methodology. In sum, our review seeks to synthesize existing multidisciplinary research and stimulate future enquiry on this expanding set of legislation.

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21

Khaireddine, Hanen, Bassem Salhi, Jabr Aljabr, and Anis Jarboui. "Impact of board characteristics on governance, environmental and ethical disclosure." Society and Business Review 15, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 273–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-05-2019-0067.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate how board characteristics impact the governance, environmental and ethics disclosure. Board characteristics such as board size, gender diversity, board independence, CEO/chair duality and board meeting are included. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a sample of 82 companies listed in the SBF120 between 2012 and 2017. A number of econometric techniques are used such as generalized least squares to test the panel regressions. Findings Board independence, board gender diversity and board meetings have a positive and significant influence on governance, environmental and ethics disclosure. Board size is positively and significantly associated only with corporate environmental disclosure. The adoption of Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI, G4) has not affected or biased the corporate governance (CG), environmental and ethics disclosure. Originality/value This study adds to the literature on management reporting behavior and ethics and contributes to the extant CG literature by offering new evidence on the disclosure of good CG practices as well as environmental and ethics behavior. This study offers new insights about the potential influence of board characteristics on such specific disclosure practices focusing “during the optional period of GRI4 and after their mandatory adoption”.

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22

Khanal, Pratik, Sajana Maharjan, Namita Ghimire, and Khem Bahadur Karki. "Historical Development of Health Research Ethics in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 1 (March 18, 2018): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i1.19377.

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Health research in Nepal initiated with a survey in malaria in 1952. The first regulatory body for health research was Nepal Medical Research Committee formed under Ministry of Health. Ethical Review Body is the first ethical review structure. Nepal Health Research Council is now an independent body to regulate health research in Nepal. Development of research ethics in Nepal is clearly evident with the development of ethical guidelines; functioning of Ethical Review Board; expansion of institutional review committees and initiation of online submission system. However, monitoring compliance with research ethics could be a challenge for the NHRC.

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23

Driscoll, Dawn-Marie. "Ethics and Corporate Governance: Lessons Learned from a Financial Services Model." Business Ethics Quarterly 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857874.

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Abstract:To achieve ethical corporate governance, directors’ first priority must be to examine their own structure and operation. If the board is vulnerable to charges of unethical conduct, it will have little credibility in its oversight role over the corporate culture of the organization. An examination of a positive model of corporate governance in the mutual fund industry provides an effective illustration of several ways to add ethics to corporate governance: 1) legislation; 2) jawboning; 3) peer pressure; 4) regulation; 5) training and reflection. While peer pressure and training are more effective than the others, all those methods taken together cannot solve every ethical lapse. Only individual board members, working together, can influence the conduct of the board and propel themselves and the organization towards a standard of continuing ethical excellence.

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Kim, Jongbin, and Jongsoo Kim. "Institutional Review Board and Research Ethics." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY 41, no. 2 (May 30, 2014): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2014.41.2.187.

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Plemmons, Dena. "Executive Board Creates Ethics Task Force." Anthropology News 50, no. 2 (February 2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-3502.2009.50219.x.

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Pannbacker, Mary. "Response to ASHA Board of Ethics." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 9, no. 1 (February 2000): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0901.94.

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27

Ellis, G. "Revival of the Ethics Advisory Board." Science 242, no. 4876 (October 14, 1988): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3175641.

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28

Abbott, Alison. "Ethics board members quit over 'imbalance'." Nature 373, no. 6510 (January 1995): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373097a0.

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29

Galbreath, Jeremy. "Are boards on board? A model of corporate board influence on sustainability performance." Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 4 (July 2012): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200000699.

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AbstractExisting research on a board-of-director–sustainability performance relationship have largely examined inside directors, outside directors, and gender diversity – yet empirical results have yet to offer any definitive answers. I posit that this previous research lacks a thorough examination of the role of boards and the means and mechanisms by which they influence performance. Drawing on the board capital perspective and the role of boards, this paper develops a model that highlights the influence of board capital on the future sustainability performance of firms. The model takes into account specific types of human and social capital of outside directors which have previously been unexamined. Beyond the board capital perspective, an argument is put forth that values are largely neglected in the examination of boards of directors, but are necessary in the study of sustainability because of its normative implications. I therefore account for the value attunement concept as a moderating variable in the model. The paper draws on corporate governance and business ethics' literature to generate propositions and offer original insight into the drivers of sustainability performance in organizations.

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Galbreath, Jeremy. "Are boards on board? A model of corporate board influence on sustainability performance." Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 4 (July 2012): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2012.18.4.445.

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AbstractExisting research on a board-of-director–sustainability performance relationship have largely examined inside directors, outside directors, and gender diversity – yet empirical results have yet to offer any definitive answers. I posit that this previous research lacks a thorough examination of the role of boards and the means and mechanisms by which they influence performance. Drawing on the board capital perspective and the role of boards, this paper develops a model that highlights the influence of board capital on the future sustainability performance of firms. The model takes into account specific types of human and social capital of outside directors which have previously been unexamined. Beyond the board capital perspective, an argument is put forth that values are largely neglected in the examination of boards of directors, but are necessary in the study of sustainability because of its normative implications. I therefore account for the value attunement concept as a moderating variable in the model. The paper draws on corporate governance and business ethics' literature to generate propositions and offer original insight into the drivers of sustainability performance in organizations.

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Salin, Ahmad Saiful Azlin Puteh, Zubaidah Ismail, Malcolm Smith, and Anuar Nawawi. "Board ethical commitment and corporate performance: Malaysian evidence." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 1146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-10-2017-0099.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between board ethical commitment and the performance of the company. When directors embed ethics in discharging their duty, it will prohibit frauds, unnecessary actions and decisions that are detrimental to the company. Design/methodology/approach This study collected data for two years i.e. 2013 and 2014 from the annual report of the biggest 500 companies by market capitalisation as of 31 December 2013 listed under Bursa Malaysia stock exchange. Board ethical commitment is measured based on the Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) and various international best practices while corporate performance is measured based on return on equity, return on assets, net profit margin, market to book value and TobinQ. Findings This study found that ethical commitment by the board has a significant positive relationship with corporate performance. The findings are robust to the alternative performance measurements and lagged one-year corporate performance. Research limitations/implications This paper enhances the theoretical understanding of the contribution of the board of ethical commitment to the sustainable performance of the company. However, this study suffered from a limited data collection period of two years only from the annual report of the company. Practical implications This study provides an indicator that the directors need to provide a good ethical leadership example to the employees and committed to built a good ethical work culture in the organisation via establishment of code of ethics. In addition, this code needs to be promoted, enforced and embedded in the operations of the organisation. Originality/value This study is original as it not only examines board ethical commitment from MCCG 2012 but also international best practices from various countries such as UK, USA and Europe. It also contributed to the literature and theoretical understanding of the importance of board ethical commitment specifically in developing countries like Malaysia that scarce in the literature.

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Kasherman, Lawrence, Ainhoa Madariaga, Qin Liu, Luisa Bonilla, Michelle McMullen, Shiru (Lucy) Liu, Lisa Wang, et al. "Ethical frameworks in clinical research processes during COVID-19: a scoping review." BMJ Open 11, no. 7 (July 2021): e047076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047076.

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ObjectivesIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic there have been significant developments in research, its conduct and the supporting ethical framework. While many protocols have been delayed, halted or modified, other research efforts have been accelerated, generating controversy. The goal of this paper is to determine the rates of references surrounding the ethical oversight of research as reported in current COVID-19-related research publications.DesignScoping review.SettingPopulation-based observational or interventional studies from December 2019 to May 2020 with sample size of two or more. Studies were searched through electronic databases including Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials.ParticipantsEligibility criteria included participants within published studies who tested positive for COVID-19.Main outcomes and measuresData were extracted and charting methods included taking note of references to ethical frameworks, institutional review board (IRB), ethics committee (EC) or research ethics board (REB) involvement, consent processes, and other variables.Results11 556 articles were screened, with 656 included in the final analysis. References to ethics were present in 530 (80.8%) studies, with 491 (74.8%) involving IRB/ECs/REBs and 126 (19.2%) not referencing ethics. Consent processes were outlined in 201 (30.6%) studies, with 198 (30.2%) reporting that they obtained consent waivers, however, 257 (39.2%) did not mention consent at all. Differences (p<0.001) in ethics-related references were apparent when analysed by continent, publication type, sample size and IF.ConclusionsThe majority of published articles pertaining to COVID-19 research made mention of ethical considerations, however, national and regional variations in research ethics review requirements introduce heterogeneity between studies and raise important questions about the conduct of scientific research during global public emergencies.Trial registration numberOpen Science Framework: https://osfio/z67wb.

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Khan, Mohammed I., Matthew Holek, Faris Bdair, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Sandra M. Eldridge, Claire L. Chan, Michael J. Campbell, et al. "Assessing the transparency of informed consent in feasibility and pilot studies: a single-centre quality assurance study protocol." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e036226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036226.

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IntroductionPilot/feasibility studies assess the feasibility of conducting a larger study. Although researchers ought to communicate the feasibility objectives to their participants, many research ethics guidelines do not comment on how informed consent applies to pilot studies. It is unclear whether researchers and research ethics boards clearly communicate the purpose of pilot studies to participants consenting.The primary objective of this study is to assess whether pilot/feasibility studies submitted for ethics approval to a research ethics board transparently communicate the purpose of the study to participants through their informed consent practice. A highly transparent consent practice entails the consent documents communicate: (1) the term ‘pilot’ or ‘feasibility’ in the title; (2) the definition of a pilot/feasibility study; (3) the primary objectives of the study are to assess feasibility; (4) the specific feasibility objectives; and (5) the criteria for the study to successfully lead to the main study. The secondary objectives are to assess whether there is a difference between submitted and revised versions of the consent documents (revisions are made to obtain research ethics approval), to determine factors associated with transparent consent practices and to assess the consistency with which pilot and feasibility studies assess feasibility outcomes as their primary objectives.Methods and analysisThis is a retrospective review of informed consent information for pilot/feasibility studies submitted to the Hamilton integrated Research Ethics Board, Canada. We will look at submitted and revised consent documents for pilot/feasibility studies submitted over a 14-year period. We will use descriptive statistics to summarise data, reporting results as percentages with 95% CIs, and conduct logistic regression to determine characteristics associated with transparent consent practices.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Hamilton integrated Research Ethics Board, and the results of this study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.

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Geiger, Jennifer. "Personal Reflection on Board Leadership and Ethical Decision-Making." Music Therapy Perspectives 38, no. 1 (2020): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mtp/miz026.

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Abstract Leadership experiences provide opportunities for personal growth and increased self-efficacy. A single lens for reflection about service to AMTA via the Board of Directors is presented, recognizing myriad experiences with volunteer leadership. The 2019 Code of Ethics empowers individual responsibility, serves as a guide for ethical decision-making, and provides hindsight for personal reflection.

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Mardiya, Nuzul Qur'aini. "PENGAWASAN PERILAKU HAKIM MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI OLEH DEWAN ETIK." Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.6.1.2017.25-40.

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The Constitutional Court has a code of ethics and behavior of judges the constitution as the legal basis to carry out profession ethics. Due to his duty, judge of the constitution had potentially breaking the code of conduct and behavior of judges. In order to oversee the conduct of judges the constitution formed The Board of Ethics Judge Constitution (DE-HK) who has authority to check and give decision regarding of the reports on complaints and information through the media/the community related to alleged violations the code of conduct and behavior of judges the constitution as well as a violation of law constitutional court. The Board would have the authority to impose sanctions verbally and if the offense heavy, the board recommended the formation of an assembly of honor of constitutional court and make propose of the suspension of the judge the constitution, and if not proven The Board rehabilitates judge that concerned. This study is done in a juridical manner normative by looking at an object or target of regulation research, legislation and materials law other related supervision the conduct of judges the constitution by the board. Hence, within the revision on constitutional court law in National Legislation Program, it's important to do institutional strengthening the board of conduct and to ripen position the tribunal honor judges to carries out surveillance and checks for violation code of ethics and behavior by the judges.Keywords: code of ethics and behavior, The Board Of Ethics Judge Constitution, judge, supervision

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Russell, James A., John C. Marshall, Arthur Slutsky, Srinivas Murthy, Dave Sweet, Terry Lee, Joel Singer, et al. "Study protocol for a multicentre, prospective cohort study of the association of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers on outcomes of coronavirus infection." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e040768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040768.

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IntroductionThe COVID-19 epidemic grows and there are clinical trials of antivirals. There is an opportunity to complement these trials with investigation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) because an ARB (losartan) was effective in murine influenza pneumonia.Methods and analysisOur innovative design includes: ARBs; alignment with the WHO Ordinal Scale (primary endpoint) to align with other COVID-19 trials; joint longitudinal analysis; and predictive biomarkers (angiotensins I, 1–7, II and ACE1 and ACE2). Our hypothesis is: ARBs decrease the need for hospitalisation, severity (need for ventilation, vasopressors, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation or renal replacement therapy) or mortality of hospitalised COVID-19 infected adults. Our two-pronged multicentre pragmatic observational cohort study examines safety and effectiveness of ARBs in (1) hospitalised adult patients with COVID-19 and (2) out-patients already on or not on ARBs. The primary outcome will be evaluated by ordinal logistic regression and main secondary outcomes by both joint longitudinal modelling analyses. We will compare rates of hospitalisation of ARB-exposed versus not ARB-exposed patients. We will also determine whether continuing ARBs or not decreases the primary outcome. Based on published COVID-19 cohorts, assuming 15% of patients are ARB-exposed, a total sample size of 497 patients can detect a proportional OR of 0.5 (alpha=0.05, 80% power) comparing WHO scale of ARB-exposed versus non-ARB-exposed patients.Ethics and disseminationThis study has core institution approval (UBC Providence Healthcare Research Ethics Board) and site institution approvals (Health Research Ethics Board, University of Alberta; Comite d’etique de la recerche, CHU Sainte Justine (for McGill University and University of Sherbrook); Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board, University of Calgary; Queen’s University Health Sciences & Affiliated Hospitals Research Ethics Board; Research Ethics Board, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Veritas Independent Research Board (for Humber River Hospital); Mount Sinai Hospital Research Ethics Board; Unity Health Toronto Research Ethics Board, St. Michael’s Hospital). Results will be disseminated by peer-review publication and social media releases.Trial registration numberNCT04510623

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Moore, Andrew. "New Zealand Research Ethics Committee Matters." Research Ethics 7, no. 4 (December 2011): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174701611100700403.

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New Zealand's health (and disability) ethics committees are children of public inquiries: the ‘Cartwright’ ministerial inquiry of 1988, the ‘Gisborne’ cervical screening ministerial inquiry of 2001, and the Health Select Committee clinical trials inquiry of 2011. The Cartwright inquiry strengthened external scrutiny of research. The Gisborne Inquiry strengthened ethics committee accountability and expertise, and greatly streamlined review process. The Health Select Committee inquiry is further sharpening accountability and process. Under-discussed systemic issues also persist, including: how to keep the ethical primacy of the researcher-participant relationship and of researcher responsibility for good study conduct; whether the point of ethics committees is to facilitate good research as well as to protect participants; and whether ethics committees are just standard public bodies - to be given powers and limitations just like any other administrative tribunal or licensing board.

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Wiryanto, Wiryanto. "Penguatan Dewan Etik dalam Menjaga Keluhuran Martabat Hakim Konstitusi." Jurnal Konstitusi 13, no. 4 (December 20, 2016): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1342.

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The Birth of the Board of Ethics of the Constitutional Judges cannot be separated from the effort to uphold a code of ethics and maintain of the dignity of the constitutional judges. Abuse of authority in the judiciary has led to the destruction of the legal system and the non-fulfillment of a sense of justice. Judicial mafias has destroyed the foundation of the authority of the judiciary and undermine the honor and dignity of judges, therefore it is necessary to take concrete measures to restore the authority of the judiciary and maintaining the honor of judges as the main pillars of the judiciary in enforcing law and justice. One concrete step is the need for strengthening the supervisory system of ethics against constitutional judges, the results of which will provide input to the Constitutional Court, whether the monitoring system of ethics against constitutional judges applied so far has been able to maintain the honor, dignity, and constitutional justices, and whether the system has provided legal certainty in its enforcement against violations of the Code of Ethics and Conduct of Constitutional Judges. Strengthening the role of the board of ethics of constitutional judges as guardians of constitutional judges dignity can be constantly improved by opening access to complaints from the public against allegations of ethical violations committed by constitutional judges.

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"Board of Ethics Decision." ASHA Leader 18, no. 3 (March 2013): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an2.18032013.58.

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"Board of Ethics Decisions." ASHA Leader 18, no. 6 (June 2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an3.18062013.61.

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"Board of Ethics Decision." ASHA Leader 18, no. 9 (September 2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an4.18092013.61.

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"Board of Ethics Decisions." ASHA Leader 18, no. 5 (May 2013): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an11.18052013.60.

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Access Audiology Highlights Hearing Loss Prevention, Watch for the 2013 SIG Coordinating Committee Elections, ASHA CE Courses Offer Transparency, Did You Know?, Students: Save on ASHA Membership, Certification to Replace Recognition in Clinical Specialty Program, Specialty Recognition in Neurophysiological Intraoperative Monitoring, Academic Accreditation Group Seeks Applicants, ASHA Awards Grants to State Associations, Use Pathways to Launch Your Research Career, Board of Ethics Decisions

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"Board of Ethics Decisions." ASHA Leader 20, no. 10 (October 2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an11.20102015.69.

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"Board of Ethics Decisions." ASHA Leader 13, no. 2 (February 2008): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an2.13022008.22.

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"Board of Ethics Decisions." ASHA Leader 22, no. 3 (March 2017): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an2.22032017.60.

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"Board of Ethics Decisions." ASHA Leader 22, no. 4 (April 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an2.22042017.60.

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"Board of Ethics Decision." ASHA Leader 23, no. 3 (March 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an2.23032018.62.

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"Board of Ethics Decisions." ASHA Leader 23, no. 10 (October 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an2.23102018.62.

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"Board of Ethics Decision." ASHA Leader 23, no. 12 (December 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an2.23122018.62.

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"Board of Ethics Decisions." ASHA Leader 24, no. 6 (June 2019): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/leader.an2.24062019.64.

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