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Leslie, Eric, Eric Pittman, Brendon Drew, and Benjamin Walrath. "Ketamine Use in Operation Enduring Freedom." Military Medicine 186, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2021): e720-e725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usab117.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic increasingly used in the prehospital and battlefield environment. As an analgesic, it has been shown to have comparable effects to opioids. In 2012, the Defense Health Board advised the Joint Trauma System to update the Tactical Combat Casualty Care Guidelines to include ketamine as an acceptable first line agent for pain control on the battlefield. The goal of this study was to investigate trends in the use of ketamine during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Freedom’s Sentinel (OFS) during the years 2011-2016. Materials and Methods A retrospective review of Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR) data was performed for all patients receiving ketamine during OEF/OFS in 2011-2016. Prevalence of ketamine use, absolute use, mechanism of injury, demographics, injury severity score, provider type, and co-administration rates of various medications and blood products were evaluated. Results Total number of administrations during the study period was 866. Ketamine administration during OEF/OFS increased during the years 2011-2013 (28 patient administrations in 2011, 264 administrations in 2012, and 389 administrations in 2013). A decline in absolute use was noted from 2014 to 2016 (98 administrations in 2014, 41 administrations in 2015, and 46 administrations in 2016). The frequency of battlefield ketamine use increased from 0.4% to 11.3% for combat injuries sustained in OEF/OFS from 2011 to 2016. Explosives (51%) and penetrating trauma (39%) were the most common pattern of injury in which ketamine was administered. Ketamine was co-administered with fentanyl (34.4%), morphine (26.2%), midazolam (23.1%), tranexamic acid (12.3%), plasma (10.3%), and packed red blood cells (18.5%). Conclusions This study demonstrates increasing use of ketamine by the U.S. Military on the battlefield and effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines in influencing practice patterns.
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Mertl, Sue Lyon. "The Fundamentals of Institutional Review Board Operations." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 9, no. 6 (December 1996): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009600900607.
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The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is one component of the human subjects protection system. Established in response to various catastrophes and atrocities involving human subjects, the IRB is a unique combination of individuals. Guided by state and federal regulations, local institutional policies and ethical standards, the IRB is the ideal advocate for human subjects participating in research studies. This review will address the fundamental issues relating to the evolution of the human subjects protection system, the principles of IRB organization and the elements of an IRB review.
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Esmaeilikia, Masoud, Behnam Fahimnia, Joeseph Sarkis, Kannan Govindan, Arun Kumar, and John Mo. "Tactical supply chain planning models with inherent flexibility: definition and review." Annals of Operations Research 244, no. 2 (February 18, 2014): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-014-1544-3.
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Dumond, Yves. "From forest firefighting doctrine to digital battlefield: a case study." Disaster Prevention and Management 24, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-03-2014-0043.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of information technology (IT) in the fight against forest fires in southern France. Design/methodology/approach – The focus is on specifying the infrastructure and equipment used during operational interventions, as well as the role and functioning of the mobile command posts, which represent the nerve centers. As part of the firefighters operational practices, the concepts of the “tactical situation” and the “mobile means board” are at the heart of operations management. The purpose of the tactical situations is to present a synthetic overview of the theatre of operations through graphic representation on a background map. The function of the mobile means board is to manage the life cycle of the different resources engaged in the operations. The author first shows how these concepts were developed within the framework of manual management only. This is followed by an IT solution using a geographical information system for each of these operational modes. Findings – A profound recognition of operational practices was a prerequisite to enable the personnel to accept a progression towards the use of IT techniques. Research limitations/implications – The implemented approach precisely reflects the French forest firefighting doctrine. Application to other countries would thus require some adaptation. Originality/value – The software system provides an easy access to geographical information functionalities for firefighters managing forest fires. This is achieved in the framework of strict compliance with their recognized operational methods.
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Pereira, Daniel Filipe, José Fernando Oliveira, and Maria Antónia Carravilla. "Tactical sales and operations planning: A holistic framework and a literature review of decision-making models." International Journal of Production Economics 228 (October 2020): 107695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107695.
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Díaz-Madroñero, Manuel, Josefa Mula, and David Peidro. "A review of discrete-time optimization models for tactical production planning." International Journal of Production Research 52, no. 17 (March 27, 2014): 5171–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.899721.
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Nabil, Lahloua, Abdellah El Barkany, and Ahmed El Khalfi. "Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) Concepts and Models under Constraints: Literature Review." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 34 (January 2018): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.34.171.
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Globalization has had a significant impact on company’s management, particularly in the supply chain (lead time, investment in production capacity and technology, organization & management ...). The sales and operations planning (S&OP) include all the processes that link the strategic objectives of the enterprise with the production plan. The impact of the S&OP on operational performance was consistently and significantly demonstrated in the operational aspects of production ; quality (conformity of production, product quality and reliability), delivery (the delivery agility, reliability of supply, manufacturing deadlines, lead times), stocks (reduction of inventory levels, inventory optimization) and flexibility (flexible volume and mix). Our objective in this paper is to present, in the first part, a literature overview of the sales and operations planning, and various research and models developed. In the second part, we will emphasize the transversal aspect of our research that involves both operational issues, tactical and strategic in a context subject to different constraints.
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Stiles, Chad M., Christopher Cook, and Matthew D. Sztajnkrycer. "A Descriptive Analysis of Tactical Casualty Care Interventions Performed by Law Enforcement Personnel in the State of Wisconsin, 2010-2015." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 3 (February 21, 2017): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17000103.
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AbstractIntroductionBased upon military experience, law enforcement has developed guidelines for medical care during high-threat conditions. The purpose of the current study was to provide a descriptive analysis of reported outcomes of law enforcement medical interventions.MethodsThis was a descriptive analysis of a convenience sample of cases submitted to the Wisconsin Tactical Medicine Initiative (Wisconsin USA), after the provision of successful patient care, between January 2010 and December 2015. The study was reviewed by the Mayo Foundation Institutional Review Board (Rochester, Minnesota USA) and deemed exempt.ResultsNineteen agencies submitted information during the study period. Of the 56 episodes of care reported, four (7.1%) cases involved care provided to injured officers while 52 (92.9%) involved care to injured civilians, including suspects. In at least two cases, on-going threats existed during the provision of medical care to an injured civilian. Law enforcement rendered care prior to Emergency Medical Services (EMS) arrival in all but two cases.ConclusionsThe current case series demonstrates the life-saving potential for law enforcement personnel trained and equipped under current Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC)/ Committee on Tactical Emergency Casualty Care (C-TECC) tactical casualty care guidelines. Although originally developed to save the lives of wounded combat personnel, in the civilian sector, the training appears more likely to save victims rather than law enforcement personnel.StilesCM, CookC, SztajnkrycerMD. A descriptive analysis of tactical casualty care interventions performed by law enforcement personnel in the State of Wisconsin, 2010-2015. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):284–288.
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Rybakov, S. "Adrenal adenomas: what to do with them? Review 2." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) 17, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0721.17.3.2021.232655.
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Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are a collective, working category that contains a wide range of different forms of pathology of these glands. They differ in the original tissue structures from which they originate, in clinical and hormonal characteristics, in diagnostic and tactical approaches. Such a wide range of emergencies, which are hidden under the guise of accidentally detected AI, puts before the clinician the task of identifying them (establishing a clinical and, if possible, morphological diagnosis) with the definition of tactical approaches. Based on the analysis of these data, as well as numerous publications, their working classification is proposed. When deciding on surgical treatment, the surgeon must have a clinical diagnosis — what nosological form of adrenal pathology is to be operated on. Interventions with the diagnosis AI are unacceptable and are a gross error. The optimal operation for most such tumors is laparoscopic adrenalectomy with the tumor. Open operations are indicated for malignant tumors of significant size, especially with signs of invasion into surrounding structures. Given that most AI are benign formations, it is equally important to determine further tactics for them — the mode and duration of observation, the order and scope of control clinical and hormonal and imaging studies, the principles of evaluation of the results. Several guidelines indicate that in the presence of hormonally inactive adenomas, without signs of malignancy, less than 3–4 cm in size, no further observation is indicated. It is noted that in such tumors the tendency to growth, malignancy, emergence of hormonal activity is extremely seldom observed. In other cases, especially with the slightest doubt of the initial results, follow-up examinations are recommended after 3, 6, 12 months and then after 1–2 years, the maximum period is set to five years. These parameters are the subject of discussion in various clinics.
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Elbert, Ralf, Jan Philipp Müller, and Johannes Rentschler. "Tactical network planning and design in multimodal transportation – A systematic literature review." Research in Transportation Business & Management 35 (June 2020): 100462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2020.100462.
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Dungan, R. S. "BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Fate and transport of bioaerosols associated with livestock operations and manures." Journal of Animal Science 88, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 3693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3094.
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Bozutti, D. F., and K. F. Esposto. "Sales and Operations Planning: a comparison between the demand-driven and traditional approaches." International Journal of Production Management and Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ijpme.2019.9469.
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<p>Supply Chain Management (SCM) is an important concept to establish links among companies. With the aim to reach the SCM goals, companies must define processes that links the decisions areas. In this context, a process to be dealt is the Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP). The S&OP is a tactical planning process, executed on monthly-basis and led by senior management with the aim to balance demand, production, distribution, procurement and finance, to ensure the plans and performance are aligned to support the business strategic plan. In this sense, a literature review was presented in this paper in order to compare the traditional approach and the demand-driven approach for the S&OP. As expected, because of the more complex environment to be dealt in a demand-driven environment, the S&OP evolved to be able to be executed properly. However, further studies in this area should be developed in order to obtain a final framework for the demand-driven S&OP, to analyse applications in industries, to understand performance implications and to develop a performance framework for the demand-driven S&OP.</p>
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Newton, A. "(P2-32) Emergency Medical Ambulance Services: Anti Terrorist Response in the 21 Century, Supporting Police Firearms Units with Specially Trained Critical Care Paramedics." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11004766.
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Tactical Emergency Medical Services (TEMS), is a relatively new area of pre-hospital care. It requires specific attention to planning, including selection, training, equipment, procedures and continuing professional development, CPD to maintain competence. This session will describe the development of a small team of Critical Care Paramedics, who undertake a short, but intense programme, based at the Metropolitan Police Specialist Training Centre, MPSTC in England. CCPs are trained to work alongside firearms teams, who respond to criminal and terrorist incidents involving the use of firearms. The task of CCP's is to reduce the time between wounding and advanced resuscitative care, ensuring that Police Officers, members of the public and others receive a high standard of care without incurring unnecessary delays. They work outside the “hot zone”, but further forward than traditional ambulance operations. When these capabilities are available within the Emergency Ambulance Service, they are likely to improve patient care and firearms teams mission success. Delegates will be able to: (1) Identify the rationale, threat, risk and policy considerations driving the development of specially trained Paramedics working in a Police Firearms support role; (2) Describe the anticipated spectrum of incident types that might be encountered by CCPs in respect of tactical support; (3) Consider the range of triage, treatment and other capabilities, that can be provided in the field, including a review of associated education and training models; (4) Review the specialist personal protective and response equipment that is required to carry out this role; and (5) Reflect upon the viability of such capabilities within their own EMS environments.
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Chee, Amanda Hwa Ling, Edelina Melisa, and Xin Dong. "Case Studies: Application of Oil Spill Response Good Practice Guides for Inland and Near-shore Operations." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2017254. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000254.
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Following key oil spill incidents in the Gulf of Mexico and Australia, the industry initiated a three-year Joint Industry Project to develop guidelines for oil spill preparedness and response management. These documents are commonly known as the Oil Spill Response JIP (OSR-JIP) Good Practice Guides. As the OSR-JIP originated from lessons learnt from offshore incidents, it is only natural that the industry would apply it with the same type of operation, hence the tendency to limit the practical application for inland or near-shore facilities. This paper presents two examples where the OSR-JIP guides are applied at downstream operations located inland and near-shore. The first study is on a refinery located near-shore with an operational jetty and a single buoy mooring. We started with a comprehensive review of their operations and updated their oil spill risk assessment profile in line with the framework described in the OSR-JIP Tiered Preparedness and Response. This process provided a reflection of their current capability and identified the gaps for further improvement. Following this, we proceeded to update the contingency plan using the OSR-JIP Contingency Planning to ensure that the risks identified are adequately mitigated with training of personnel and equipment selection. This exercise supported in improving the readiness of the facility to respond to oil spill incidents in future. The second study involves a terminal located inland that supplies refined products through a pipeline that leads towards a jetty on the coast. We developed several area specific tactical response plans that cover risks from their above-ground pipelines and at the jetty where loading and offloading of the products to tankers are conducted. To accurately define the suitable response technique, we started the planning process with an oil spill risk assessment following OSR-JIP Risk Assessment. The tactical response plans were then developed with reference to several other OSR-JIP guides such as OSR-JIP Inland Response and NEBA. The resulting plans describe health and safety concerns, identification of sensitive receptors, response techniques, location and quantity of resources, logistical requirements and timings and waste management. Based on these case studies, we demonstrated that the OSR-JIP guides can certainly be applied for inland and near-shore facilities and have a more far wider application for the whole oil and gas industry rather than be limited to offshore operations.
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Vaz, Luis, Sharief Hendricks, and Wilbur Kraak. "Statistical Review and Match Analysis of Rugby World Cups Finals." Journal of Human Kinetics 66, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0061.
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Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the game related statistics and match analysis of rugby world cups finals from 1987 to 2015. Video recordings of all (n = 8 matches) rugby world cup finals were used for the purpose of this study. Games were analysed using the video analysis software (Sports code V8.9, Sportstec, Australia) and supplementary data were collected from the official reports published by the International Rugby Board and from webpages of Rugby World Cups. Magnitude of differences between the winners and losers was assessed mechanistically. Only 5 tries in total were scored in the last 8 rugby world cup finals. The main two modes of scoring points were penalty kicks and drop goals. Winning teams attempted more penalty kicks, yet seemed to miss more. The number of drop goals was similar between winning and losing teams. These findings highlight the significance of having an on form place-kicker and from a defensive perspective, conceding fewer penalties in kickable positions. Winners of the Rugby World Cup final won more scrums and lost few line-outs, emphasising the importance of winning the set-pieces. Further establishment of these variables and their influence on performance may be used to evaluate team performances and plan more effective tactical approaches to competition
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Cormac, Rory. "Disruption and deniable interventionism: explaining the appeal of covert action and Special Forces in contemporary British policy." International Relations 31, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117816659532.
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The United Kingdom has long engaged in covert action. It continues to do so today. Owing to the secrecy involved, however, such activity has consistently been excluded from debates about Britain’s global role, foreign and security policy and military planning: an important lacuna given the controversy, risk, appeal and frequency of covert action. Examining when, how and why covert action is used, this article argues that contemporary covert action has emerged from, and is shaped by, a specific context. First, a gap exists between Britain’s perceived global responsibilities and its actual capabilities; policy elites see covert action as able to resolve, or at least conceal, this. Second, intelligence agencies can shape events proactively, especially at the tactical level, while flexible preventative operations are deemed well suited to the range of fluid threats currently faced. Third, existing Whitehall machinery makes covert action viable. However, current covert action is smaller scale and less provocative today than in the early Cold War; it revolves around ‘disruption’ operations. Despite being absent from the accompanying debates, this role was recognised in the 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review, which placed intelligence actors at the heart of British thinking.
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Minasov, V., L. Kinderknekht, and M. Smolyanyi. "ACTIONS OF THE ARMY AVIATION DURING THE RAIDBY THE AIR ASSAULT FORCES’ UNITS." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy 2, no. 12 (December 27, 2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2019.12.2.66-72.
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The article analyzes the foreign and domestic experience of combat use of Army Aviation Helicopters (AA) in modern wars and local conflicts when conducting raid operations by the units of Air Assault (Airmobile) forces, as well as the experience of transfer of the Air Assault Forces by helicopters in time of action. During a raid, air assault battalion can use combat helicopters. In this case, helicopter ambushes are most expedient to use in the ways of raising the nearest enemy reserves and in case of the enemy's mobile objects to strike suddenly, using various tactical techniques. The use of ambushes will be most effective in the area, which provides the secretive action of helicopters and the selection of enough quantity of fields. The use of Army aviation allows the airborne assault units to be transferred during a raid. Helicopters must fly at extremely low altitudes using terrain masking, individual and group means of EW. Exit of helicopters at the landing field of the air assault force is carried out suddenly and accurately in relation to place and time. AA units are widely used to evacuate units. Transport and combat helicopters provide for the admission on board and transportation of personnel, weapons, documents; conducting intelligence. At the same time combat helicopters perform the task of destroying air defense on the flight route; concealment of AA combat order from possible attacks by enemy helicopters in the air; landing and take-off of transport and combat helicopter. Commanders of air assault units must be aware of the tactics of combat, transport-combat and transport helicopters and their tactical characteristics, which will significantly improve the effectiveness of the raid and be able to apply it during the raid.
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POPESCU, Ionel, and Bogdan VOINESCU. "KEY LEADER ENGAGEMENT – CONCEPTUAL DELIMITATIONS." STRATEGIES XXI - Command and Staff College 17, no. 1 (August 12, 2021): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53477/2668-2028-21-25.
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Abstract: In the information age, the strategic, operational and tactical levels are more interrelated than in the past, which demands a different quality of co-ordination and command and control (C2) across the levels of engagement. Today’s military operations to counter the complex challenges of the global security environment require consideration and integration of the information factor throughout all processes – analysis, planning, execution and assessment. Key Leader Engagement (KLE) is an important element of C2 that the commander can use to achieve this. These engagements can be used to shape and influence local leaders within the operations area or may also be directed toward leaders who may influence specific groups based upon military, social, religious, and traditional patterns. Military commanders and diplomats have been meeting with important local officials for decades in different countries and mission areas, but the new security challenges express the need for collaborative C2 have renewed the interest in this concept. This article is based on a literature review and my personal experience gained through ATALANTA Operation mandate, as FOPS Jn KLE. This project is the first attempt to empirically evaluate the impact of key leader engagements as part of naval operations. It gives a flavour of what KLE is and how it can be integrated in the Navy Doctrine, especially in the multinational operations where ROU Navy is frequently involved. Through this approach, I address not only the specialists, those who contribute to the development of operative and doctrinal documents, but also the ones that are continuously self-educated as part of the resilient leadership process.
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Reis, João, Yuval Cohen, Nuno Melão, Joana Costa, and Diana Jorge. "High-Tech Defense Industries: Developing Autonomous Intelligent Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 4920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114920.
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After the Cold War, the defense industries found themselves at a crossroads. However, it seems that they are gaining new momentum, as new technologies such as robotics and artificial intelligence are enabling the development of autonomous, highly innovative and disruptive intelligent systems. Despite this new impetus, there are still doubts about where to invest limited financial resources to boost high-tech defense industries. In order to shed some light on the topic, we decided to conduct a systematic literature review by using the PRISMA protocol and content analysis. The results indicate that autonomous intelligent systems are being developed by the defense industry and categorized into three different modes—fully autonomous operations, partially autonomous operations, and smart autonomous decision-making. In addition, it is also important to note that, at a strategic level of war, there is limited room for automation given the need for human intervention. However, at the tactical level of war, there is a high probability of growth in industrial defense, since, at this level, structured decisions and complex analytical-cognitive tasks are carried out. In the light of carrying out those decisions and tasks, robotics and artificial intelligence can make a contribution far superior to that of human beings.
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John, Lijo, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. "Converging sustainability definitions: industry independent dimensions." World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development 12, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 206–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wjstsd-04-2015-0017.
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Purpose – Sustainability as a construct is still debated and is yet to attain a consensus among researchers and practitioners. Sustainable development has been seen differently by players from different industry sectors. There is need to understand the commonality prevailing on sustainability practices across different industry sectors to arrive at a consensual sustainability definition. The purpose of this paper is to propose four dimensions of sustainability and studies how it captures sustainability practices across key industrial sectors. Design/methodology/approach – Current study argues the case for sustainability using four constructs, namely, economical, environmental, ethical, and social. Subsequently a holistic definition with a model is proposed incorporating the four constructs for sustainability. Studies documenting sustainability practices across industries, namely, automobile, infrastructure, cement and concrete, electronics, mining, paper, pharmaceutical, and logistics were reviewed to validate the applicability of the proposed four construct model across different key industrial sectors. Findings – Current study validates the industry independence of the proposed four constructs of sustainability model through a literature review. Very few studies have documented industry-specific sustainability practices and much lesser have studied the ethical dimension of sustainability. Furthermore, the organizational strategic plan is developed for incorporating the environmental, economical, ethical, and social needs into the organizational business operations at the strategic, tactical, and the operational levels. Research limitations/implications – Proposed model needs to be applied in multiple case organizations from diverse sectors to evaluate its capacity to capture the aspects of sustainability across different sectors. Future study could attempt to understand the interrelationships between the identified constructs and how they impact each other within different industrial sectors. Practical implications – Model linked to organizational business operations at the strategic, tactical, and the operational levels helps in the alignment of the organizational activity towards the strategic intent of the organizational sustainability philosophy in the business ecology. It also helps in equipping the organization to achieve the operational excellence and the strategic business growth at the same time. Originality/value – Current study is unique in its attempt to understand the capability of proposed sustainability dimensions to capture the sustainability practices followed across different industrial sectors.
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Petrovic, Jelena. "Unlocking the role of a board director: a review of the literature." Management Decision 46, no. 9 (October 17, 2008): 1373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251740810911993.
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XU, LEBO, PRZEMYSLAW PRUSZYNSKI, and PETER HART. "Effect of conductivity on paper and board machine performance— a review and new experiences." October 2017 16, no. 10 (2017): 567–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj16.10.567.
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The current trend to further reuse water within paper mills has resulted in more accumulated salts, as reflected by increased conductivity values. Although conductivity measurement is widely used in paper mills, its fundamental principles and interpretation are not often fully understood. This keeps papermakers from reaching the full benefits of using conductivity measurements to help manage the wet end chemistry of paper or board machines. High and variable conductivity affects the intrinsic properties of pulps, the performance of chemical additives, and the interaction between them. This paper reviews principles of conductivity; its measurement; its effect on important aspects of papermaking operations, such as retention, drainage, sizing, strength development and deposit control; and the fundamentals behind the effects of conductivity on the papermaking process. Specific mill examples are also provided. Potential solutions for operating a mill under high and variable conductivity conditions are discussed.
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Vidal, Ivan, Paolo Bellavista, Victor Sanchez-Aguero, Jaime Garcia-Reinoso, Francisco Valera, Borja Nogales, and Arturo Azcorra. "Enabling Multi-Mission Interoperable UAS Using Data-Centric Communications." Sensors 18, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 3421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103421.
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We claim the strong potential of data-centric communications in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), as a suitable paradigm to enhance collaborative operations via efficient information sharing, as well as to build systems supporting flexible mission objectives. In particular, this paper analyzes the primary contributions to data dissemination in UAS that can be given by the Data Distribution Service (DDS) open standard, as a solid and industry-mature data-centric technology. Our study is not restricted to traditional UAS where a set of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) transmit data to the ground station that controls them. Instead, we contemplate flexible UAS deployments with multiple UAV units of different sizes and capacities, which are interconnected to form an aerial communication network, enabling the provision of value-added services over a delimited geographical area. In addition, the paper outlines an approach to address the issues inherent to the utilization of network-level multicast, a baseline technology in DDS, in the considered UAS deployments. We complete our analysis with a practical experience aiming at validating the feasibility and the advantages of using DDS in a multi-UAV deployment scenario. For this purpose, we use a UAS testbed built up by heterogeneous hardware equipment, including a number of interconnected micro aerial vehicles, carrying single board computers as payload, as well as real equipment from a tactical UAS from the Spanish Ministry of Defense.
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Albert Lusiola, Musoma. "SUCCESSES AND FAILURES BORNE OUT OF HAVING OR NOT HAVING MULTI-AGENCY LAWS, POLICIES, DOCTRINES, AND STRATEGIES REGARDING TERROR RESPONSE COORDINATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 498–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12320.
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Terrorism has had been a real menace facing Kenya over the years.The study question sought to find out the successes and failures borne out of having/not having multi-agency laws, policies, doctrines and strategies regarding terror response coordination.Based on the mixed methods and exploratory research designs data was collected from a sample of 97. These were drawn from a target population of 3400 which included all the members of the Kenya Defense Forces Special Operations Forces (KDF SoFs), the National Police Service (NPS) Recce squad, ATPU Officers, policy level military, intelligence and police officersand a few members of academia. The target population is estimated at 3400 personnel from which a sample of 97 was obtained. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and interviews whilesecondary data was also obtained using desk review of relevant literature. Data was analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings show that the existence of structural and legal frameworks guiding multi-agency operations on countering terrorism in Kenya had led to effective response through standardizations of operation guidelines, better sharing of information, joint training and exchange of best practices among the various responders. This was evidenced in the Dusit D2 Attack in which synchronization of operations showed better response to the attack by the various operational and tactical teams as compared to the Westgate Attack. Lastly, it is evident that Kenya is yet to know that it has dealt with the terrorism menace. This can only be attested when the country stays for a long period of time without an attack, say more than 5 years.Basedon the findings of the study, the following recommendations were made. There is need for domesticating the existentstructural and legal frameworks guiding multi-agency operations on countering terrorism in Kenya so as to enhance the effectiveness of response to terrorism through standardizations of operation guidelines, better sharing of information, joint training and exchange of best practices among the various responders. Regular review of any gaps in the existing structural and legal frameworks should be undertaken and measures put in place to bridge those gaps through continuous legislation.
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Chmielewski, Mariusz, and Marcin Kukiełka. "Queue-based quantitative approach for border guard operational modelling. Constructive simulator models reflecting border crossings and blockade elements." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 02051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821002051.
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The paper presents selected modelling techniques utilised in constructive simulation environment SymSG Border Tactics which provides tactical training capabilities for Polish Border Guard. Operational responsibilities of BG include policing as well as reconnaissance, transport and traffic control in near border areas. Modelling of such operations require multiresolution approach, as many of operational elements can be modelled as aggregated entities but majority of active simulation elements need to be implemented as individual simulation objects. The behavioural models reflecting BG, perpetrators or society have been modelled as agents and more complex operational elements (e.g. road blockades, control points during temporary restoration of the border control, border crossing) are modelled using queue system. Such approach delivers flexibility of system modelling but most of all is tuned to the calibration parameters provided by the BG analysts. Therefore, developed modelling approach provides flexibility in customisation of the model (simulation element) based on the user and scenario preferences. Constructive simulator has been designed to support brief (up to 4h) live exercises and reflect training of border guard outpost operational tasks. Finally the paper describes architectural solutions developed to support modelling approaches and required functionalities for simulation execution, after-action-review mechanism and remote simulation access.
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Knizhenko, S. O. "The concept of a certain forensic technique and its types." Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 83, no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2018.4.04.
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The forensic technique is one of the sections of forensic science which task is to develop recommendations for the effective investigation of certain types of crimes. Nowadays there is no consensus among scholars about the concept of a certain forensic technique, its types, structure and tasks.
The objective of the work is to determine the concept of a certain forensic technique and its types, taking into account the contemporary development of scientific ideas about criminalistics.
The author of the article has revealed the modern tasks of a certain forensic technique, has determined the sphere of distribution of forensic recommendations. The classification of methods of investigation of certain types of crimes has been offered taking into account the taxonomy, which will lead the construction, implementation of new and modernization of existing forensic techniques to a new level.
It has been noted that the current development of criminalistics leads to the need to apply forensic recommendations both at the stage of pre-trial investigation, and during the judicial review of criminal proceedings. In this regard, one of the tasks of a certain forensic technique is the development of methodological recommendations not only for investigators, but also for prosecutors, judges.
A certain forensic technique in the opinion of the author is the system of typed criminalistic recommendations in a certain form stipulated by investigative (court) situations and by the subject matter of proving regarding the most appropriate complexes of procedural actions, operative and search activities and tactical operations, their combination with the use of technical and forensic means and tactical methods according to the type of crimes aimed at the effective detection, consolidation, evaluation and use of evidence in criminal proceedings.
Types of certain forensic techniques are allocated on various features, which take into account both criminal and criminalistic criteria and make up the following levels: group, species, generic, intergeneric (complex).
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Picard, C., and M. J. Douma. "P113: A systematic review and meta-analysis of tourniquet devices for speed of application, successful hemostasis and patient tolerance." CJEM 20, S1 (May 2018): S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.311.
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Introduction: Tourniquets are a mainstay of hemorrhage management. However, there is insufficient evidence to guide device sselection. This review analyses the literature on tourniquets, for the following outcomes: lower-extremity arterial hemostasis, application speed, and pain. Methods: Studies were limited to English. Non-human studies, case series, and intra-operative applications were excluded. A systematic review of MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database from 1992 to Dec 2017 was performed. Article citations were also assessed. Results: Twenty-one studies met criteria, testing 28 tourniquet devices. The most popular devices for arterial hemostasis were the Combat Application Tourniquet (C-A-T) (662 applications), Special Operations Forces Tactical Tourniquet (SOFTT) (307 applications), blood pressure cuff (80 applications), rubber tubing (58 applications) and the Emergency Medical Tourniquet (EMT) (52 applications). The blood pressure cuff achieved the highest (weighted averages) rate of 99% (95% CI 93 to 100) based on four studies of 80 applications. Followed by the EMT which achieved 83% (95% CI 72 to 93), based on three studies of 52 applications (p<0.01). The fastest device to apply, taking 17 seconds (95% CI 11 to 23), was surgical tubing, based on two studies totalling 30 applications. The next fastest was the blood pressure cuff, requiring 20 seconds (95% CI 18 to 22), based on two studies totaling 58 applications (though there was no statistical difference in application time, p=0.08). Tolerance could not be analyzed, due to heterogeneity of outcome measures. Conclusion: This is the first meta-analysis of tourniquet outcomes. The literature lacks a standard approach to device application. The quality of evidence is of very low due to the small sample sizes, lack of blinding, selective outcome reporting and result inconsistency. Common medical equipment appear to outperform commercial tourniquets for arterial hemostasis and speed of application; however, they are some of the least studied devices.
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Susanto, Edi, and Norfaridatul Akmaliah Othman. "The factors influencing modeling of collaborative performance supply chain: A review on fresh produce." Uncertain Supply Chain Management 9, no. 2 (2021): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2021.2.005.
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The aim of this study is to identify and explore the success factors that influence the fresh product supply chain collaborative performance system (CPS) towards the flow of information among partners along the chain, and the supply chain relationships of all partners in it by identifying the role played by information structures at the planning level of supply chain collaboration, as well as providing policy insights to stakeholders in different countries to analyze applicable implementation. This research method uses a research approach by reviewing the previous literature that was selected deliberately during the last 10 years; journal papers, conferences, working papers, and Ph.D. thesis. Using three steps, the first step found 189 articles. The second step was to get 96 articles that match the topics raised. Finally, the third step, determined 39 articles selected as important topics focusing on fresh production areas and they were categorized and analyzed. This study is considered to be our best knowledge to examine the success factors influencing CPS in FPSC, such as; knowledge of the benefits of collaborative performance systems, reluctance to change, collaborative culture, trust, technology and information, social relations, environmental friendliness, and sustainability security and safety. The theoretical framework, was also developed incorporating the principles of supply chain network collaboration, taking into account the importance of business strategy and inter-organizational network theory, to strengthen the evidence for the relationship between the collaborative planning levels in usable information flow, at both the strategic, operational and tactical levels in the supply chain collaboration. The implication of this research is intended to examine the success factors that influence it, so that it can be developed and become the basis for improvement models that are still rarely applied in this field, from the influencing factors that exist in the collaboration structure.
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Bradbury, Trish, and Ian O’Boyle. "Batting above average: Governance at New Zealand cricket." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 4 (2015): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i4c3p3.
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The study examined the independent board structure adopted by New Zealand Cricket (NZC) and issues of board process including board roles, calibre and structure. Data collection consisted of in-depth semi-structured interviews of NZC senior management/board members, supplemented by archival document review and analysis. The findings, although not generalisable across the whole non-profit sport sector, supported the literature on the roles and calibre of board members in an independent board structure. Due to increasingly professional operations and growth of commercialisation in sport, expertise in commercial aspects was noted as required. Given the majority of non-profit sport organisations’ federated structure, collaborative governance theory appears to be an area of future research when evolving from a delegate to independent or hybrid governance model.
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Qaiser, Fahham Hasan, Karim Ahmed, Martin Sykora, Alok Choudhary, and Mike Simpson. "Decision support systems for sustainable logistics: a review and bibliometric analysis." Industrial Management & Data Systems 117, no. 7 (August 14, 2017): 1376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2016-0410.
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Purpose Decision making in logistics is an increasingly complex task for organizations as these involve decisions at strategic, tactical and operational levels coupled with the triple-bottom line of sustainability. Decision support systems (DSS) played a vital role in arguably solving the challenges associated with decision making in sustainable logistics. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current state of the research in the domain of DSS for logistics while considering sustainability aspects. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review approach using a set of relevant keywords with several exclusion criteria was adopted to identify literature related to DSS for sustainable logistics. A total of 40 papers were found from 1994 to 2015, which were then analyzed along the dimensions of publishing trend, geographic distribution and collaboration, the most influential journals, affiliations and authors as well as the key themes of identified literature. The analysis was conducted by means of bibliometric and text mapping tools, namely BibExcel, gpsvisualizer and VOSviewer. Findings The bibliometric analysis showed that DSS for sustainable logistics is an emerging field; however, it is still evolving but at a slower pace. Furthermore, most of the contributing affiliations belong to the USA and the UK. The text mining and keyword analysis revealed key themes of identified papers. The inherent key themes were decision models and frameworks to address sustainable logistics issues covering transport, distribution and third-party logistics. The most prominent sustainable logistics issue was carbon footprinting. Social impact has been given less attention in comparison to economic and environmental aspects. The literature has adequate room for proposing more effective solutions by considering various types of multi-criteria decision analysis methods and DSS configurations while simultaneously considering economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainable logistics. Moreover, the field has potential to include logistics from wide application areas including freight transport through road, rail, sea, air as well as inter-modal transport, port operations, material handling and warehousing. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic review of DSS for sustainable logistics using bibliometric and text analysis. The key themes and research gaps identified in this paper will provide a reference point that will encourage and guide interested researchers for future study, thus aiding both theoretical and practical advancements in this discipline.
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Rodriguez, Michael, Andrea L. Dixon, and James W. Peltier. "A review of the interactive marketing literature in the context of personal selling and sales management." Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing 8, no. 4 (October 7, 2014): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrim-06-2014-0035.
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Purpose – The purpose of this 16-year review is to summarize interactive marketing literature in the context of personal selling and sales management. This paper serves as precursor to the Special Issue on the Convergence of Interactive Marketing and Personal Selling and Sales Management to be published by the Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing. Key research needs are identified. Design/methodology/approach – A content analysis was performed on 106 articles categorized over 1998-2013. Ebsco Host was used as the database search engine, running impendent searches using personal selling, professional selling and sales management as identifiers across a variety of interactive marketing topics identified by Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing (JRIM)’s Editorial Board. Findings – The examination of the convergence of interactive marketing in a personal selling/sales management context revealed 106 articles, with approximately 60 per cent being published in the past eight years. Although the interactive marking field is growing, there is clearly a significant opportunity for scholarly work across wide-ranging personal selling and sales management topics, and specifically in the areas of performance indices, evolving technologies, social media and tactical sales and management issues. Practical implications – The paper reviews personal selling and sales management articles that have been published in the time period of 1998-2013 across marketing, business and non-business journals. While the Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management has been the dominant outlet, other marketing and non-marketing journals are increasing their exposure in these areas. Originality/value – The study provides both academics and practitioners with an updated review of the interactive marketing literature along with a sense of how personal selling and sales management research is evolving. This review offers value as a standalone article and as input for scholars submitting manuscripts to JRIM’s Special Issue on the Convergence of Interactive Marketing and Personal Selling and Sales Management.
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Mulenga, Mwila Joseph, and Meena Bhatia. "The Review of Literature on the Role of Earnings, Cash Flows and Accruals in Predicting of Future Cash Flow." Accounting and Finance Research 6, no. 2 (March 22, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v6n2p59.
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AbstractResearch on the relative ability of accounting information aims in examining the ability of accounting information to predict future cash flow and earnings, based on the assertion given by Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) which states that the earnings and its components have a better predictive power than cash flow itself (FASB,1978 para 44). Many studies have been conducted by various researchers but only few of these studies succeed to match with this assertion. This study aims to provide review on the study related to ability of earnings, cash flows from operations and accruals to predict future cash flows where methodology used in this line of research and presentation of empirical results are discussed. The review provides in depth discussion for the purpose of assisting the researchers to get familiarity with line of financial accounting research investigated capital market based accounting research and also as guidance for future researchers.Keywords: Cash flow from operations, Earnings, Accruals, Prediction, Capital Market Based Accounting Research.
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Aboelmaged, Mohamed Gamal Shehata. "E-maintenance research: a multifaceted perspective." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 26, no. 5 (June 1, 2015): 606–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-02-2013-0009.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a multifaceted perspective on e-maintenance research and practice over 12 years from 2002 to 2013. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research approach is conducted through analysing e-maintenance literature published in peer-review journals from 2002 to 2013 in operations management, information systems, computer science and engineering disciplines. Findings – A multifaceted perspective that reflects evolutionary, managerial, and technological domains of e-maintenance research has been emerged and explained. In addition, stages of e-maintenance process (i.e. integration, aggregation, and prediction) tend to synchronize with organizational levels (i.e. strategic, tactical, and operational) and stimulate the value of e-maintenance practices across the enterprise. However, there are many managerial and technological challenges that inhibit successful implementation of e-maintenance system. Practical implications – The present research offers managers and vendors a frame of reference that facilitates e-maintenance adoption and implementation. In addition, there is a need for theoretical as well as empirical research in the future to validate the multifaceted perspective in the present study and to obtain more insight into the nature of e-maintenance issues in various settings. Originality/value – The present paper is one of the first attempts to bridge the gaps in a currently cluttered field of e-maintenance research. It also provides both academics and practitioners with a useful framework that sustains rigorous e-maintenance research and practice.
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Willson, Richard, and Karen Febey. "Evaluation of the Transportation Research Board Minority Student Fellows Program." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 13 (April 11, 2018): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118758057.
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This paper evaluates the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Minority Student Fellows Program (Program). Initiated in 2010, the Program supports students from select Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Hispanic-Serving Institutions, and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions to attend TRB’s Annual Meeting and present a student-authored research paper. The Program is intended to increase involvement of those groups in TRB and the transportation profession. This evaluation considers the Program’s performance against stated and implicit goals using a survey of mentees; qualitative reflections by the Program manager, a mentor, and a mentee; and indirect outcome metrics. Conclusions are that the Program was successful in increasing exposure to TRB, contributing to the growth of fellows as transportation professionals, and encouraging ongoing TRB participation. With regard to operations, the Program achieved visibility and attracted external funding, which bodes well for its sustainability. Lessons learned include crafting appropriate rules for participation and finding the right balance between critique and support in the paper review process. There are opportunities to extend the mentoring experience with continued involvement of past fellows.
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McManus, MD, MCR, John G., Annette McClinton, RN, BSN, and Melinda J. Morton, MD, MPH. "Ethical issues in conduct of research in combat and disaster operations." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2009.0013.
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Background: The conduct of research in the combat and disaster environments shares many of the same fundamental principles and regulations that govern civilian biomedical research. However, Department of Defense research protocols stipulate additional requirements designed to preserve servicemembers’ informed consent rights, uphold ethical standards, and protect sensitive or classified information.The authors reviewed studies that have been approved for the conduct of research in current combat operations and also discuss their applicability in disaster settings.Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study of protocols that have currently been approved for conduct of research in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom.Results: During the period of July 2005 through October 2007, 38 retrospective chart review protocols, seven prospective studies requiring consent or an alteration of the consent document and 12 prospective observational studies were submitted through the Deployed Research Committee in Iraq for review and approval at the Brooke Army Medical Center Institutional Review Board (IRB). A total of 55 protocols were approved by the IRB for implementation in the Iraq combat theater. Most of these protocols involved trauma care treatment. One prospective study investigating the effects of blast-concussive injuries on US Soldiers in Iraq requiring informed consent was reviewed and approved.Conclusions: The conduct of military medical research has, and will make, significant and lasting contributions to the practice of both civilian and military medicine. Although policies and regulations to conduct research and release-associated findings often seem cumbersome and stringent, these added hurdles serve not only to ensure protection of the rights of human subjects during a time of potentially increased vulnerability, but also to protect the security interests of US troops. Many of these principles and practices are directly applicable in disaster research environments.
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Wardenaar, Floris C., Daniel Thompsett, Kaila A. Vento, Kathryn Pesek, and Dean Bacalzo. "Athletes’ Self-Assessment of Urine Color Using Two Color Charts to Determine Urine Concentration." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084126.
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Our objective was to determine self-reported accuracy of an athletic population using two different urine color (Uc) charts (8-color vs. 7-color Uc chart). After approval by the Institutional Review Board, members of an athletic population (n = 189, 20 (19–22) year old student- or tactical athletes and coaches, with n = 99 males and n = 90 females) scored their Uc using two charts. To determine the diagnostic value of Uc, results were compared with urine concentration (osmolality and urine specific gravity, USG). Uc was scored slightly darker with the 8-color vs. 7-color Uc chart (2.2 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 1.2, respectively, p < 0.001), with a moderate correlation between charts (r = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.69–0.81). Bland-Altman analysis showed a weak reporting bias (r = 0.15, p = 0.04). The area under the curve for correct urine sample classification ranged between 0.74 and 0.86. Higher accuracy for both methods was found when Uc scores were compared to USG over osmolality, indicated by 4.8–14.8% range in difference between methods. The optimal Uc cut-off value to assess a low vs. a high urine concentration for both Uc charts varied in this study between 1 and ≤2 while accuracy for charts was similar up to 77% when compared to USG.
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Nielsen, Susanne Balslev, Anna-Liisa Sarasoja, and Kirsten Ramskov Galamba. "Sustainability in facilities management: an overview of current research." Facilities 34, no. 9/10 (July 4, 2016): 535–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-07-2014-0060.
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Purpose Climate adaptation, energy efficiency, sustainable development and green growth are societal challenges for which the Facilities Management (FM) profession can develop solutions and make positive contributions on the organisational level and with societal-level effects. To base the emerging sub-discipline of sustainable facilities management (SFM) on research, an overview of current studies is needed. The purpose of this literature review is to provide exactly this overview. Design/methodology/approach This article identifies and examines current research studies on SFM through a comprehensive and systematic literature review. The literature review included screening of 85 identified scientific journals and almost 20,000 articles from the period of 2007-2012. Of the articles reviewed, 151 were identified as key articles and categorised according to topic. Findings The literature review indicated that the current research varies in focus, methodology and application of theory, and it was concluded that the current research primary addresses environmental sustainability, whereas the current research which takes an integrated strategic approach to SFM is limited. The article includes lists of reviewed journals and articles to support the further development of SFM in research and practice. Research limitations/implications The literature review includes literature from 2007 to 2012, to manage the analytical process within the project period. However, with the current categorisation and the access to the reviewed journals and articles, it is possible to continue with the latest literature. Practical implications The article provides an overview of theoretical and practical knowledge which can guide: how to document and measure the performance of building operations in terms of environmental, social and economical impacts? How to improve the sustainability performance of buildings? What are the potentials for and barriers to integrating sustainability into FM on strategic, tactical and operational levels? Originality/value The paper presents the most comprehensive literature study on SFM so far, and represents an important knowledge basis which is likely to become a key reference point for pioneers and scholars in the emerging sub-discipline of SFM.
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Rogowski, Ronald. "Report of the Editors of the American Political Science Review, 2008–2009." PS: Political Science & Politics 43, no. 02 (April 2010): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096510000430.
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We report here on the journal's operations during the year from July 1, 2008, to June 30, 2009. In doing so, we want first to express our thanks to the APSA: its staff, Council, and Publications Committee, both for good advice and for important material support. The impact of both is documented, albeit only partially, in the following article. TheAPSREditorial Board and its Executive Committee have also been invaluable, and we have benefited particularly from the concentrated counsel that a subcommittee provided during a two-day site visit to UCLA in July. Editorial Board members have also given unstintingly of their time to serve as guest editors on UCLA-connected submissions that might otherwise raise conflicts of interest. We owe very special debts of gratitude to our Senior Editor, Joseph Riser, whose serene and wise disposition seems never to falter; our graduate editorial assistants (EAs), Megan Gallagher, Diana Ichpekova, Rebekah Sterling, and Matt Spence; two of our original co-editors, Kathleen Bawn and Michael Chwe, who gave extraordinarily dedicated service but decided to leave the group effective July 1, 2009; and Gary Cox (UCSD) and Arthur Lupia (Michigan), who agreed to join our weekly meetings via videoconference—in Gary's case, for the long term; in Skip's, temporarily. Finally, we thank the authors of the nearly 700 papers submitted to us and the over 2,000 referees who gave, unremunerated and anonymously as always, their astute and often admirably detailed counsel.
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Giovannetti, Andres, Danielle Craigg, Miguel Castro, Sharona Ross, Iswanto Sucandy, and Alexander Rosemurgy. "Laparoendoscopic Single-Site (LESS) versus Robotic “Redo” Hiatal Hernia Repair with Fundoplication: Which Approach is Better?" American Surgeon 85, no. 9 (September 2019): 978–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500939.
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Only a small percentage of patients fail laparoscopic fundoplications undertaken for gastroesophageal reflux disease. But because many laparoscopic fundoplications have been undertaken, surgeons frequently encounter patients in need of “redo” operations. This study was undertaken to evaluate the robotic approach versus laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) approach for redo fundoplications. With an Institutional Review Board approval, 64 patients undergoing LESS (n = 32) or robotic (n = 32) redo antireflux operations were prospectively followed up. Data are presented as median (mean + SD). For LESS versus robotic redo operations, the operative duration was 145 (143 ± 33.5) versus 196 (208 ± 76.7) minutes ( P < 0.01), estimated blood loss was 50 (80 ± 92.1) versus 20 (43 ± 57.1) mL ( P = 0.07), and length of stay was 1 (3 ± 5.4) versus 1 (2 ± 1.9) day ( P = 0.57); 1 LESS operation was converted to “open.” Operative duration was longer for men ( P = 0.01). Postoperative complications were not more frequent after Nissen (n = 36) or Toupet (n = 28) fundoplication, regardless of the approach. When matched by BMI, operative duration was prolonged by a large Type I to IV hiatal hernia ( P = 0.01). Symptoms improved dramatically and were similar with both approaches, and patient satisfaction was high. Robotic redo antireflux operations take longer than LESS operations. LESS and robotic redo antireflux operations are both safe and offer significant and similar amelioration of symptoms after failed fundoplications.
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Onyido, Tochukwu Ben C., David Boyd, and Niraj Thurairajah. "Developing SMEs as environmental businesses." Construction Innovation 16, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 30–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-05-2015-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish opportunities for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to become environmental businesses. The “Environmental Business” concept refers to a commercial organisation that provides goods and/or services which provide socio-environmental value and which are produced in such a way that the organisation addresses environmental and social problems. Design/methodology/approach – Interviewing and observation were used to conduct a case study of how 30 SMEs prepared for the UK’s Green Deal programme in the West Midlands County, UK. In total, 20 interviews were conducted and 23 field notes were recorded. Based on the literature review, the research enquiry into practice, and the philosophical approach of pragmatism adopted by the research, a “Three Ps” (profit, process and product) analytical framework was established with which to operationalise the environmental business. Findings – The research identifies tactical opportunities that assist SMEs to function as environmental businesses whilst maintaining the traditional focus on economic performance. It also shows the benefits and challenges involved. Research limitations/implications – The research focused on a case study related to specific sectors (building and energy) within a specific UK region (West Midlands), which limits the generalisability of the results. Practical implications – The research highlights practical opportunities for SMEs to address existing environmental and social problems through their products and processes and prevent new problems arising due to their operations. Originality/value – This research represents an initial step in developing a pragmatic implementation model by which SMEs can overcome barriers to being environmental businesses whilst maximising business advantages.
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Ravi, V., and Ravi Shankar. "Survey of reverse logistics practices in manufacturing industries: an Indian context." Benchmarking: An International Journal 22, no. 5 (July 6, 2015): 874–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2013-0066.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current status of reverse logistics practices used on four sectors of Indian manufacturing industry, namely, auto, paper, food and beverage processing, and electronics. Design/methodology/approach – A nationwide questionnaire-based survey has been used to assess reverse logistics practices in Indian context. Findings – It was seen from the survey that Indian companies considered implementing reverse logistics programs in their organization as a strategic-level decision. Volume of products entering the return stream is a key driver of reverse logistics activities. One of the important observations of this research is that Indian companies have primarily adopted reverse logistics due to the economic benefits associated with them. Research limitations/implications – The results reported in this research are the bird’s eye view of reverse logistics practices in the Indian context only. The low level of questionnaire responses is also one of the limitations of this study. Numerical data related to companies could not be reported in this research as companies were reluctant in giving sensitive data. Practical implications – The present research would be useful for benchmarking professionals/managers for understanding strategic, tactical and operational-level issues of reverse logistics with respect to Indian context. Also, logistics managers can evolve suitable strategies for successful implementation of reverse logistics programs. Originality/value – The literature review indicates that only a few frameworks available give a holistic perspective of the current status of reverse logistics operations in an Indian context. This research is an attempt in this regard.
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Lovalekar, Mita, Caleb D. Johnson, Shawn Eagle, Meleesa F. Wohleber, Karen A. Keenan, Kim Beals, Bradley C. Nindl, and Christopher Connaboy. "Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injuries among US Air Force Special Tactics Operators: an economic cost perspective." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (December 2018): e000471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000471.
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ObjectivesMusculoskeletal injuries (MSI) are an important concern in military populations. The purpose of this study was to describe the burden of MSI and associated financial cost, in a sample of US Air Force Special Operations Command Special Tactics Operators.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, medical records of the Operators were reviewed during the years 2014–2015. MSI that occurred during a 1-year period prior to the date of review were described. MSI attributes described included incidence, anatomic location, cause, activity when MSI occurred, type and lifetime cost of MSI estimated using the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System.ResultsA total of 130 Operators participated in the study (age: 29.1±5.2 years). The 1-year cumulative incidence of MSI was 49.2 injured Operators/100 Operators/year. The most frequent anatomic location and sublocation for MSI were the lower extremity (40.9% of MSI) and shoulder (20.9%), respectively. Lifting was a common cause of MSI (21.8%). A large per cent of MSI (55.5%) occurred while Operators were engaged in either physical or tactical training. Common MSI types were pain/spasm/ache (44.5%). Many MSI (41.8%) were classified as potentially preventable by an injury prevention training programme. The total lifetime cost of these MSI was estimated to be approximately US$1.2 million.ConclusionMSI are an important cause of morbidity and financial cost in this sample of Air Force Special Tactics Operators. There is a need to develop a customised injury prevention programme to reduce the burden and cost of MSI in this population.
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Ustinova, L. A., V. A. Barkevych, N. V. Kurdil, R. M. Shvets, V. I. Saglo, and O. A. Yevtodiev. "Current state and trends in the development of the identification tools for chemical warfare agents in Ukraine: ways of harmonization in accordance with EU and NATO standards. Part IІ." Ukrainian Journal of Modern Toxicological Aspects 87, no. 3 (December 9, 2019): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-4570-87-3-30-42.
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ABSTRACT. Modern chemical-warfare (CW) reconnaissance tasks require a fundamentally new approach to the development of methods and technologies to create a database of technical means that provide the necessary sensitivity, responsiveness and specificity. This phase of the study involves chemical control equipment that is in operational service with EU and NATO armies. Objective: analysis of current international technological standards in the field of control of chemical warfare agents, which are in operational service with EU and NATO armies. Materials and Мethods. Domestic and foreign sources of scientific information, covering current issues of CBRN security in terms of chemical substances control equipment in EU and NATO countries and review of the prospects of their introduction into the arsenal of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The following methods of scientific research were applied: analytical, historical, bibliographic, systematic and informational approach, expert assessments. Results and Discussion. The analysis of foreign chemical control equipment showed that the most priority are portable gas alarms, robotic and air complexes of CW reconnaissance with the possibility of remote detection of the contaminated area, their integration into automated control systems, which provide prompt collection, processing and transfer of information on changing the chemical environment. As for modern chemical control tools in EU and NATO countries in the field of detection and identification of chemical warfare agents and hazardous chemicals, chemical, physical and chemical, biochemical and spectrometric methods are the most applied due to the speed and high reliability of the results. Currently, there is a need to equip the units of the tactical branch of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Preventive Medicine Service of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine with a multi-purpose warning system of radiation and chemical threats. The compatibility of the warning and troop commanding system will reduce the loss of military personnel and machines during possible combat operations using weapons of mass destruction, as the systems will increase the speed of decision making on the use of individual and collective protective equipment. Conclusion. Harmonization of the standards of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with NATO standards in the field of chemical control is a complex task that requires changes in the system of standards of medical care, which include regulatory, engineering, tactical, medical, educational, and other processes. National scientific and technical potential may be the basis for the creation of new and improved technologies for the production of CW reconnaissance devices and means to indicate chemical warfare agents (CWA) for the needs of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Keywords: military toxicology, chemical weapon, identification of chemical warfare agents.
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Kauvar, David S., and Jennifer Gurney. "Exploring Nonbattle Injury in the Deployed Military Environment Using the Department of Defense Trauma Registry." Military Medicine 185, no. 7-8 (March 7, 2020): e1073-e1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz481.
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Abstract Introduction: The impact of disease and nonbattle injury (DNBI) on casualty burden of military operations has historically been greater than that of battle-related injuries. The ratio of battle to DNBI casualties has changed as advances in equipment, hygiene, and infectious diseases have been made; however, during military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, 30% of serious injuries treated or evacuated from the area of operations were secondary to NBI. Most DoD research and intervention efforts focus on battle injuries; NBI has received much less practical attention. We aimed to explore the potential utility of the largest Department of Defense casualty database in identifying potential intervention targets for preventing NBI events. Materials and Methods: Phase I was a comprehensive NBI literature review from historical and current military operations. Phase II was an IRB exempt initial examination of relevant data contained in the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DoDTR). Phase I: A MEDLINE search using the terms “military”, “injury”, and “nonbattle/non battle” was performed, and articles containing useful data points to characterize the unique risks of the modern deployed military environment and identify potentially preventable NBI hazards in the modern deployed military environment were retrieved and reviewed in full-text. Phase II: This information was used to explore data within the DoDTR’s and its ability to provide data to inform NBI prevention efforts in the following areas: most prevalent NBI causes, NBI location and timing related to operational tempo, characteristics of the population at risk for NBI. Results: Phase I: Falls and motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) accounted for most of the serious NBI in Iraq and Afghanistan. No specific epidemiologic data was readily available to guide NBI prevention efforts. Phase II was limited to NBI and falls from Iraq and Afghanistan in the DoDTR. Only aggregate data were available with a total of 1829 falls and 1899 MVCs. Case fatality for falls was 1.1% and for MVCs 6.5%. The greatest frequency of NBI was in Iraq among U.S. Army personnel, but comparison of rates is not possible without reliable denominators for individual variables. Annual NBI incidence seems proportional to overall level of personnel deployed to each theater, but without knowledge of the true denominator of total deployed personnel, it is impossible to conclude definitively. The annual number of falls was stable throughout the period of highest operational tempo in Iraq (2003–2011), although MVCs were more common earlier in the operation (2003–2005), likely corresponding to greater operational maneuver. Conclusions: The deployed military environment is dangerous and NBI presents a primary prevention target for expeditionary operations. The DoDTR is a database of detailed injury and medical care information and lacks much of the data required to perform a comprehensive epidemiologic NBI analysis. Specific prevention recommendations cannot be made based solely on DoDTR data and integration with other DoD databases that assess operational and tactical data should be considered.
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Ito, Karen, and Lise Anne Slatten. "A Path Forward for Advancing Nonprofit Ethics and Accountability: Voices from an Independent Sector Study." Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs 6, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.20899/jpna.6.2.248-273.
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The nonprofit sector continues to grow in size, assets, and influence. However, a critical eye in recent years has brought scrutiny from many stakeholders to the operations of nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Accountability, transparency, and ethical behavior are now part of the everyday language of NPO leaders, staff, volunteers, donors, and board members. This study synthesizes research on a specific set of guidelines developed by Independent Sector and provides a substantive review of key concepts and developments related to nonprofit ethics and accountability. The results should prove useful for NPO staff, stakeholders, regulators, the media, and others interested in improved governance.
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Dixon, Dennis O., Susanna Weiss, Kelly Cahill, Lawrence Fox, Joni Love, James McNamara, and Lydia E. Soto-Torres. "Data and safety monitoring policy for National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases clinical trials." Clinical Trials 8, no. 6 (October 24, 2011): 727–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774511425181.
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Background Historically, four divisions of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) that manage clinical trials and oversee data and safety monitoring have operated fairly autonomously with respect to their approaches to Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) operations. We recognized the need for a revised policy on DSMB operations in an effort to encourage greater harmonization of procedures across the four divisions. Purpose The purpose of this article is to describe the considerations that motivated the development of the new policy, summarize current DSMB policies and ongoing harmonization efforts across the four divisions, and offer some recommendations for DSMB operations in the hope that other organizations may benefit from our experience. Methods From 2005 to 2009, a working group undertook a review of DSMB responsibilities, policies, and operations. We analyzed and summarized the final policy document that the working group produced, gathered data describing current DSMB activities, and developed a tabular, cross-sectional overview highlighting how divisions are harmonizing their DSMB operations. Results In 2010, there were 44 DSMBs in NIAID monitoring 169 protocols, and those DSMBs conducted 209 reviews of the protocols. Review and analysis of DSMB practices across the four divisions have led to recommendations for efficient and successful DSMB operations: adopt an inclusive approach, whereby the trial investigators assist in the process of forming and utilizing DSMBs; structures other than DSMBs can often provide many of the features of DSMBs but with greater flexibility in membership, access to interim data, and scheduling; the trial protocol should specify what safety and other concerns should trigger a DSMB review and what data should be included in prespecified reviews; present data in thoughtful and user-friendly ways that answer specific questions; allow sufficient time to plan for working with the DSMB. Limitations We recognize that NIAID’s specific circumstances and DSMB policy may not apply to the operation of DSMBs in every organization. Nevertheless, we believe that useful lessons can be learned from our experiences and efforts toward harmonization. Conclusions Homogeneity in DSMB operations and management has appeal as a matter of organizational policy and efficiency. Some limited flexibility, as long as it honors fundamental principles of independence, confidentiality of interim trial results, and clear lines of reporting and approval, may be appropriate on occasion. NIAID’s 2009 institute-level policy established a collective understanding of the important contribution that DSMBs make to the responsible conduct of clinical trials. Thinking will continue to evolve, leading to further policy refinements and the continued assurance of patient safety in our clinical trials.
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Et. al., Atiq Ali Khan,. "Impact for Timely and Reliable Data Transmission in Industrial Areas– A Review." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 2 (April 11, 2021): 1274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i2.1190.
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By breaking down the impact for timely and reliable data transmission in industrial areas, the authors uncover that couple of distributions shed light on this viewpoint. By setting up these discoveries, this paper gives a stage to the comprehension of what might actually shape keen plan designing and its plan related exercises. To achieve this, the authors lead a methodical review of the literature, which gives different discoveries. As the new impact plan to an enormous degree characterizes the worth chain for an organization, the test lies in guaranteeing that the planned item will assist the organization with profiting the Industrial Areas. These discoveries are then dissected by 12 experts both from the scholarly community and the business, and the discoveries' relations to the impact for timely and reliable data transmission in industrial areas and their impact on the item advancement measure is examined. Industrial Areas are generally connected with what changes in regards to the operations of an undertaking mean for said venture's assembling frameworks. In any case, the impact of these changes surpasses the creation frameworks themselves; rather, they influence the whole worth chain, from the item plan and advancement measure through assembling and store network the board to promoting and removal. Therefore, the reason for this investigation is to set up highlights and properties that will shape all through the industrial areas and into a savvy configuration designing.
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Rogowski, Ronald. "Annual Report of the Editors of the American Political Science Review, 2010–2011." PS: Political Science & Politics 45, no. 02 (March 14, 2012): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096512000121.
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We report on the journal's operations during the year from July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2011. We once again express our thanks to the APSA: Presidents Brady and Pateman, the staff (especially Michael Brintnall and Polly Karpowicz), Council, and Publications Committee. (While we have enjoyed ready access to previous presidents, it has been a new experience to have an APSA president right down the hall from the lead editor.) Members of our Editorial Board, this year as last, have given us wise counsel on more than a few submissions. Joseph Riser, our senior editor, has continued his seemingly tireless and unflappable service; and our editorial assistants, Joslyn Barnhart, Darin Dewitt, and Beltrán Undurraga, have pulled together in harness as have few previous teams, keeping our technical processing rapid and our backlog almost always at zero. As rotation on the panel of co-editors continues, we express our profound gratitude to departing editor Jeff Lewis, who exhibited a new level of masochism by becoming UCLA department chair, but who also agreed to finish (and since has finished) all of his pending assignments and to be available for consultations on an “as needed” basis. We also thank, once again, the authors who submitted their papers for consideration, the referees who reviewed them, and the patience, dedication, and forbearance that all demonstrated.
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Mattos, Beatriz, and Carlos Leandro. "SMART DETECTION CONCEPT AN INTEGRATED SOLUTION TO OPTIMIZED ACTION IN OFFSHORE EMERGENCIES." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2017303. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000303.
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Reducing the number of offshore incidents that release oil or hazardous substances into the environment and optimizing the timeframe between detection and contingency during those incidents are the biggest challenges for the oil and gas industry. Important aspects of prevention and response include technological assessment of equipment and procedures. More even the actions and protocols for the detection and monitoring of oil spills. One action among all the above can be the key issue, that is to reduce the time between the detection and the action. Thinking on this issue so important to the industry it is quite clear that one of the segments that seem that need still to be developed is the detection phase. The increasing of a detection even more precise is crucial for an effective contingency action. Questions like the area of the spill, the thickness of the spill, the location of the source and the type of the oil, still come up recurrently during an emergency situation. In this poster presentation proposal we would like to present a new concept of integration technology for precise detection of the spill using airborne technology and HF radar. Airborne remote sensing in combination with real time data provided by coastal HF radars can be a powerful tool for precise oil spill detection. If in one hand, Airborne remote sensing can have on board sensors (far range and near range) that can identify (SLAR), measure the area (IR) and thickness of the spill (microwave radiometer), even during the night, in a single georeferenced base, the HF radar can provide information of a large area data from surface current (direction and intensity) that can optimize flight planning and predict next actions based on current prediction modeling. The airborne can survey the area in a wide coverage awareness situation or in a closer tactical decision making support. With all these tools integrated in one single cartographic base it is possible to meet the fundamental criteria of BAST(best available and safest technology) that encourage the industry to always search for the cutting edge technology for better and safer offshore operations.
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Anwar, Muhammad. "Comparative Study of Insurance and Takafol (Islamic Insurance)." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (December 1, 1994): 1315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.1315-1330.
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Ibn Abidin (1784-1836) was the first scholar in the Muslim world to discuss the meaning and legal character of insurance.1 Islamicity of insurance has been under discussion since then. Opinions regarding legitimacy, adoption, and adaptability of insurance are numerous. Recently, however, a consensus was emerging for adapting insurance in the name of takafol and solidarity. As a result, several Islamic takafols and solidarity companies have been established since 1979. During the last decade the Council of Islamic Ideology Pakistan (ClIP) reviewed the operations of the existing takafols in order to find a suitable model for Pakistan.2 While declaring all of them incompatible with the injunctions of Islam, the ClIP proposed its own model of takafol, instead. Its rejection of existing takafols is a little paradoxical since the operations of all the takafols are claimed to be compatible with the Shariah. Each takafol guarantees Shariah compatibility of its operations by sUbjecting itself to the dictates of a Shariah Supervisory Board, which are empowered to review the company's practices, contracts, transactions and operations. This paper attempts to delineate the points of contact and convergence between insurance and takafol, and to .make recommendations for possible improvement in the takafol concept. The study is organised as follows: Islamic debate on insurance, with special reference to its application to takafols, is reviewed in Section II. Pertinent operational features of takafols are compared with insurance in Section III. The ClIP model is examined in Section IV. The final section features proposals meant to augment the conformity of takafol with the principles of Shariah.