Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bochimans (peuple d'Afrique) – Conditions rurales'
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Toe, Patrice. "Contribution à l'étude des transformations socio-agraires en Afrique tropicale : une approche anthropologique des politiques d'innovation dans l'agriculture en pays San méridional, Burkina Faso." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0001.
Full textFollowing the example of other african societies, the san society developed in the pass outstanding agrarian civilisations adapted to the conditions, very often hostile of the environment. But for almost a century now, the introduction and the spreading of the monetary economy deeply affected the san traditional society through the impetus given by both colonial and neocolonial development policies. The agrarian structures and the social organization as this study proves, through a monographical research at koin (a san village), have been very deeply transformed and upsetted. In this confusion of changing society, the local economy can no more be outside dependence which more and more links the san peasant to the overall economy. In spite of the rural economy development policies, under the action of development institutions (governmental or philanthropic-nog-), it resulted a peasant strategy capable to refuse and to reject selection facing the capitalistic ways of exploitation and the use of its attractive technological display. The example of the cash crop (cotton in particular) on which this study is based shows that between the policy of colonial development and his one of "development" in the 1950s, the san peasant was first forced to grow cotton. Despite reactions, going from submission to revolt, he'il try in second time to
Makinde, Yetunde O. Kay. "Enseignement nutritionnel en université et pédagogie alimentaire des populations rurales : esquisse d'un programme modèle applicable à la situation Yoruba au Nigéria." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR21003.
Full textSeveral solutions have been proposed to the problem of food and malnutrition of the rural population in developing countries. Inspite of all mobilised efforts, this problem still subsists. The main purpose of this work is to examine this problem taking as a case study, all food dimensions of the rural yoruba population in Nigeria: from their food production methods, the consumption of food, to various aspects of food habits. Demographic statistics were used to establish a tight link between man's food and his health. Ignorance of nutritional needs by the rural mothers and women is the major cause of malnutrition in this area. The solution that we propose is that of nutritional education teaching. Our approach emphasizes the training of nutritional educators who are then charged with the responsibility of educating the population on better food preparation methods and a change of attitudes to nutritional problems. The population is then better prepared to control its environment, to compose a balanced diet with local food products within its reach. Active participation of the population is essential to the success of the program
Thiam, Mohamed. "Politiques de développement rural au Sénégal : l'exemple de l'élevage semi-nomade des Peul dans le sud-ouest du Ferlo : une activité en crise." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX23003.
Full textIn a sahel region of africa, animal production is first of all the business of the peul people; therefore trying to improve it means looking for a rise in a rise in the standard of living of this community. The south west of ferio is a zone of contact as well as a zone of permanent conflicts between the defenders of two systems of extensive production: one is pastoral supported by the4 peul, and the other is agriculture defended by the wolof and serer famers. The oppositions and rivalities provoked by these two systems strengthen the competition and the brawels between social groups. Now minority in the zone, the livestok rearers are loosers in the villages they have set up. Draught, overgrazing, the dispersion of livestock farmers, the lack of marketing infrastructures, of remunerative prices, of policies of planning together of rural organisation and development put the livestock into a state of quasi-perpetual crisis. Faced with this two-fold contraint of endemic as well as structural nature, the rearers have adoped adapta tive strategies to sustain their activity and for income resource diversification
Lemaire, Marianne. "Les représentations du travail en pays sénoufo tyebara (Côte d'Ivoire)." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100147.
Full textNdiaye, Mame Birame. "Représentations socio-économiques et culturelles des migrants seereer à Dakar et création de l'association Ndef Leng : Analyse sociologique et perspectives de développement." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070006.
Full textSeereer traditional society is a peasant society based on subsistence farming. For a long time its main activity was millet, sorghum and corn farming, together with extensive livestock farming. Agricultural surpluses were made possible thanks to soil fertility and abundance of rain. Since the 1930's this society experienced profound social, economic and cultural mutations. First, through the introduction of cash crop peanut farming, then through the displacement of population policy from densely populated areas to less populated ones, and finally through the colonial legacy of independent Senegal. The progressive exhaustion of soils due to overexploitation combined with population pressure led to difficult access to land. The capital city of Senegal, Dakar, thus turned into the final destination of this population at risk. Despite harsh living conditions, leading to the creation of the federation of Seereer NGO's in Dakar, "Ndef Leng", which aims also at promoting the culture and endangered language of the Seereer, migration flows, involving all age groups, have not been stemmed
Janin, Pierre. "L'immuable, le changeant et l'imprévu : les économies de plantation bamiléké et béti du Cameroun confrontées aux chocs extérieurs." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040055.
Full textThe recent cash crops’ crisis tends to accelerate social and economic changes in bamileke's and beti's cocoa and coffee small-holdings : a large number of planters have adopted defensive behaviors such as agricultural diversification, look for more secure activities, or rentier investments. In 1993 hope for an economical recovery was still in the minds, in spite of financial and political problems. So that very few planters were willing to cut their cocoa or coffee trees. However, it seems clear that adjustment policies planned by the world and the IMF have had some dramatic consequences on farming systems: reorganization of parastatals societies, disappearance of financial subsidies, of the marketing boards, and of the "prix minimum garanti". Consequently, as regards to the macro-economical situation, one can wonder if export crops' economy will survive in the next few years. The changing role played by cocoa or coffee in modeling each precolonial and present society is also discussed. The new behaviors - or those that seem new - are closely related to the collective and permanent ways of thinking. Do these societies have the ability to face such a complex crisis? Are they enough flexible to improve social change?
Sarandji, Simplice Mathieu. "Les Mbororo de la Nana-Mambéré et de l'Ouham-Pendé en République Centrafricaine : organisations pastorales et civilisations rurales." Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30048.
Full textNacièle, Somé Valère. "Anthropologie économique des Dagara du Ghana et du Burkina Faso : lignages, terres et production." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081149.
Full textThe dagara society, as far as its social and economic patterms are concerned, is a linear and segmental society among many others in africa. Its specificity is to have in its different ethnic subgroups the whole lot of lineage patterns : patrilinear lineage, double lineage from one line (bifiliation emphasizing the patrilinear or the matrilinear side). In the following study, we have put an emphasis on the perspectives peculiar to economic anthropology. We endeavour more in stuying : - the relations that the production agents set up not only between themselves but also between ant the nature, the production conditions. In short, we mean to study what, according to marx, consists precisely in the society from economic structure vewpoint. The perspectives, characteristic of the cultural and religious anthropology, have not been neglected for all that. Our purpose is to study the social and economic organisation of the dagara, from its present reality to speculatively infer its previous working order, that is, its situation before colonization. The present changes in the dagara society, despite the interest they show, have not been systematicaly analysed as part of the present study. To understand the economic law of the dagara society, we explained our processes in three main parts, besides the annexes which are compiled in a separate volume (cf. Volume iii). The first part deals with the people, their land and history. It forms the subject of volume i. The second part (volume ii. Book i) deals with dagara as "people of the lineage". The third part (volume ii. Book ii) is dedicated to the dagara as "people of the land". Finally, the conclusion endeavours in studying the linking of the lineage production method with the capitalistic production one and looks into the future of the african rural communities
Mathieu, Marie-Louise. "Donnant-donnant : les stratégies d'acteurs villageois face aux conditionnalités des projets de développement du Mali." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0119.
Full textAgbo, Valentin Akpadji. "Civilisation et agriculture paysannes en pays Adja-Mono (Bénin) : rites, production, réduction des risques et gestion de l'incertitude." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H061.
Full textThe uncertainty from unpredictable disasters makes out anguish into adja ethnic group homehold unities. The main points are around the caracteristics of culture which are the agriculture supports : ritual uses to get down rains in breedings. It is an agrarian civilization into which people use indegenous knowledge : the astral and biological sings to elaborate their lunar agriculture calendar to manage with more certainty traditional agriculture risks. To understand peasant approch of risks evasion and uncertainty magement we : - determinate a deficit (gap) or surplus of crops into homehold unities - have a reference marks about uncertainty phenomenons in adja peasant-area. All those datas are explained bottom the theory of organization and power. Each ethnic group about his ecological place and context makes specific strategies to risks evasion and uncertainty management
Sanogo, Bakary. "Le rôle des cultures de commercialisation dans l'évolution des sociétés rurales du Sud du Mali : l'exemple des Senoufo." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30017.
Full textSince the colonial area, different types of action hase been taken concerning the senoufo malian country people. They are a people of agriculturers with a traditionnal production system which is closely linked to the social, cultural and political systems, which together form a logical and coherent whole. Theiragricultural activity has been transformed, taking on a commercial aspect, by many factors : taxes, hard work, increased population, rapid urbanization, economic and financial demands, and regional structuring and development. For more than 30 years, the senoufo agriculture has undergone maternization with the continous progression of cotton culture up to the end of the 70s being the driving factor. There has been a the one hand a graving integration of the cotton culture in the production systems, and on the other, a graving integration of cereal culture into the modernization process. Where has also been a progressive destribution of equipement and technical training in the cotton area which has resulted in an increase of not only but also cereal production. The volume of the transformation brought about by the growth of commercialization varies fean region to region. This, amarg other factors, has played a part in the regionalization of the senoufo area. Howwever, the agricultural transformation hase been accompanied by many constraints : dependance on foreign constraints, intensification of the agricultural calendar, use of the wage-system, modification of the availability of land, and increased erosion. Neverthelas, the senoufo malian area is now the most technically advanced and by for the richest on the national and even regional level
Sow, Alpha Mohamed Loppé. "La société du Fuuta Dyaloo du début XVIIIe au début XXe siècle." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010525.
Full textAs it often in islamic socities, the part played by influential networks -the latter being mostly netwoks which become real political lobbies (as was the case for fuuta dyaloo) - is extremely important and even cuts off the state from view. Now, since the so called religious comunity is first of all a social community which can be identified by economic indexes relative to a particular camon scheme, the issue of state is most acute. Three answers to this issue are be found in this work. 1)-the answer given by the fuuta "dyon wuro" (the ower of the and, 17the-18th centuries) is essentially an economic one. The main idea of the social project as a whole was closely linked to both cattle and the puli, the important character, indeed. His language, the pular, which had enabled the various groups living in fuuta dyaloo to communicate. Later, the assessment of exchanges and the increasing of the dyike (cattle) was not condemned the state in the fuuta dyaloo. 2)-from the beginning of the 18th century to the end of the 19th century, the islamic answer was de facto opposed to the state. This was the rational divorcement from the state. 3)-this answer influenced the colonial position, from the end of the 19th century the beginning of the 20th
Tarrière-Diop, Claire. "Les organisations paysannes dans la dynamique du changement social, le cas de la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010531.
Full textInquiries made in 1992-93 in the rural community of guede have allowed to charaterize the present organisational phenomenon through our analysis focused not on a peculiar type of peasant organisation (PO), but on the inter-po articulations and the place of the PO in the actors strategy. Our main question is about the social meaning of the PO. Specifically, which is the role of the PO in the ongoing process of social restructuration in the African countrysides ? What are the stakes of these new organisational dynamics ? With this work, we want to show on one side that behind the diversity of the PO exists more than a scattered whole of po without links. Even, if certain po like the village associations for development or the federations at a national level play a peculiar role, the number of synergies existing between the po as well as between themselves and the other actors plays a part in the construction of a peasantry movement. On the other side, through the po, a certain number of sociopolitical stakes are played, as well at the level of the village society (at once reproduction and innovation in the social relations, leaderschip phenomenon) as at the level of global society (state-peasants relations). At these two levels, the PO are both the result and the engine of change, but they are also a mean of managing social change
Guimapi, Chanel Chantal. "De la vie en migration aux vécus dans les villages du Cameroun : un regard sur une chefferie bamiléké en mutation." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05H024.
Full textThis is a study of the return migration from the point of view of the former migrant. It helps understanding how the latter has been shaped through migration. Back home, the way he acts, his face to face encounter with the world of the village put him in a universe that fosters a new, intentionally produced, art of living. Returning back to the countryside is not synonymous with returning to rural life. In the rural setting, one will try to live according to a life style similar to the urban one. The urban way of life acts on village life from within. Several of its components can be found to overlap : they come from the village, the town, and places further beyond. Away from the urban way of life that constitutes pockets within the village, and spread around, social hierarchies can be found which, at the same time, change and remain the same. A new nobility makes its appearance, especialy through wealth, but it keeps the same outlook in its dayly life style
Mulamba, Tshamala. "Identité ethnique & développement endogène dans l'univers Tshokwe : recherche d'une voie originale pour la promotion rurale." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H031.
Full textLubana, Ngiyene Emena. "L'organisation de la société paysanne et la situation du mouvement associatif coopératif dans le Tiers Monde: l'interface entre les associations rurales .le cas du Bas-Zaïre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213113.
Full textDiagne, Abdoulaye. "Les mutations agraires et la gestion des ressources naturelles dans le centre-ouest sénégalais : la communauté rurale de Ngoye." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30048.
Full textThe changes which have affected the agrarian system in this densely populated part of Senegal began to be felt as soon as the groundnut was introduced in the nineteenth century. However it was only following attempts - centered on groundnut production - to modernize agriculture that the rural system underwent a profound transformation. The vegetation cover has declined and the soil has become less productive, both surface and underground water bodies have become scarce, game has disappeared entirely, bovine herds have been driven towards Ferlo and the tann, and demographic pressure on the land has reached a peak. Today, many features of pre-colonial Sereer social organization subsist, but the changes underway herald an unprecedented upheaval. The agrarian transformations, the high density of the population, continual emigration at an increasingly early age, and the consequences of that emigration for the local economy, all continue to determine new conditions of land tenure, as well as new social, environmental and even political issues in the villages in the area
Traoré, Kamana Jean-Yves. "Le défi démocratique et la décentralisation face à la société et à la culture Senufo : réarticulation des pouvoirs dans cinq communes rurales du cercle de Sikasso - Mali." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0192.
Full textThis thesis, entitled "Senufo society and culture faced with democratic challenge and the decentralisation policy : the redistribution of powers in the rural communes in the Sikasso (Mali) cercle [county]" is divided into three parts. The first part traces the history of settlement and analyses the socio-cultural organisation and development of the various systems of power in the region. The second part deals with the advent of democracy and the implementation of decentralisation (communal division, choise of county towns, production of electoral lists and organisation of elections. It includes an analysis of relationship between younger and elder people, and between political local reasoning. The third part examines "the communes put to the test of democratic practice". It analyses the relationship between actors at various levels (mayors/bureau and communal council/support staff/village bodies/administration/political bodies) and looks intothe various sectors of communal intervention. An analysis of the connection between decentralisation and land use will show that land strategies remain largely dominated by village chiefdoms
Fribault, Mathieu Thierry. "La figure de l'innovateur chez les Baga et Susu de Guinée : histoire sociale, verrous et jalousie." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0028.
Full textIn a small village in Maritime Guinea, Baga Sitem indigenous people have been living with their Susu foreigners for more than a century. Both live in a mangrove environment transformed over the centuries and successive clearings into a vast plain where irrigated rice cultivation was practiced. Over the past century, a major ecological upheaval has led to a radical change in the water regime, resulting in the "breakdown" of rice production. The Susu quickly developed fishing techniques adapted to the new environment, a freshwater marsh, while the Baga tried to save rice production. To stop the cycle of annual food shortages, they have finally turned recently to the fishery resource and to a specific technique: straight-net fishing. While Sitem dream of "success", the appropriation of fishing is far from being total yet: « locks » to innovation hinder it. In order to grasp the blockages and anchor them in a comparative analysis, I mobilize the social history of the two societies: in the sub-region's secular violence, the sitem history is marked by the choice of refuge in the mangrove swamp, on the edge of the marronnage, while the Susu ethnic group emerges on a crossroads territory from where conquering the coast over time. The combination with the context of historical violence conceals an internal social order, and the two societies, between the refuge and conquest’s dynamics, are in opposition from this point of view. Local notions of badenya and fadenya are then used to synthesize a series of distinctive social traits that involve a very nuanced relationship of individual initiative between Baga and Susu. As the two societies take on new production options, the actors carrying them confront their respective histories, territorial, political and religious structures, as well as their techniques for administering violence and secrecy. The analysis of locks is both classic and renewed, opening up to a pragmatic approach to innovation. Finally, the research work the relationship between technological innovations and social changes, as well as the the innovator in societies which are not subject to a modern ideology that valuing novelty. I observe that beyond the blockages, the innovator baga acts "curled up" when the innovator is "sung" by his society. It appears that the commitment of innovators is determined by social dynamics, between withdrawal, crisis and expansion, involving institutional formats as well as emotional relationships. More Guinean issues are discussed throughout the text, while the Baga Sitem are undergoing profound changes in the form of a susuisation of the Lower Coast region of Guinea
Déverin, Yveline. "Le corps de la terre : Moose de la région de Ouagadougou : représentations et gestion de l'environnement." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010652.
Full textThis doctor's thesis principally uses the methods of ethnoscience. The social and human sciences (philosophy, ethnology, anthropology and sociology), when based on ethnolinguistics and applied from a geographical perspective, help us understand the relations between people and their environment. The mossi see the world as being in their likeness and at their service. The world comprises not only "nature" but also space and time, which are defined and measured with regard to mankind. This anthropomorphic and anthropocentric conception enables the geographer to understand certain practices having to do with the management of the environment. It also helps him explain the way the mossi are seen by their non-mossi neighbors. This geographical approach sheds light on the homogeneity and coherence of an original way of thinking that structurally unites the conception of mankind and the conception of the world. In fact, it unites them so closely that image cannot be distinguished from object. In ougadougou but also in rural areas, major changes are occurring in the values governing behaviors. Tradition is adapting to these new exigencies. However the mossi logic is still functional, because it is tied to fundamental representations of the bonds that unite people both among themselves and to their environment. This dualism helps explain several reactions: what is a priori. .