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Cinnirella, Francesco. "The Economics of Body Height." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-81393.
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Griggs, Cameron V. "Relationship Between Lower Body Strength, Countermovement Jump Height, and Optimal Drop Jump Drop Height." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3098.
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The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between back squat one-repetition maximum relative to body mass (1RMrel), countermovement jump height (CMJH), and optimal drop height in drop jump (DHopt). Fifteen male participants with various sport backgrounds and training experience completed a one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat, maximum countermovement jump (CMJ), and drop jumps (DJ) from incrementally increasing drop heights to determine which drop height elicited the greatest jump height. The DHopt testing protocol was unique in that smaller increments were used to determine DHopt compared to what has been reported in literature previously. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that DHopt had small (r=0.214) and moderate (r=0.464) relationships with 1RMrel and CMJH, respectively. A second analysis (n=13) was conducted after two participants (i.e. powerlifters) were identified as possibly being representative of a different population. The second analysis found that DHopt had strong relationships with 1RMrel (r=0.645) and CMJH (r=0.690). Results from this study seem to suggest that individuals with greater 1RMrel and CMJH tend to have a higher DHopt. However, this relationship may not be observed among all populations due to likely differences in sport background, genetics, and/or training experience.
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Butera, Laura. "Height, power, and gender politicizing the measured body /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1219422665.
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Butera, Laura E. "Height, Power, and Gender: Politicizing the Measured Body." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1219422665.
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Targownik, Rana. "The dimensional relationships between the cranial base, body height, and the facial complex." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63007.pdf.
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Almon, Ricardo. "Lactase Persistence and Lactase Non-Persistence : Prevalence, influence on body fat, body height, and relation to the metabolic syndrome." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-11854.
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Ljungberg, Jenny, and Johanna Sönnerstam. "Estimation of human height from surveillance camera footage - a reliability study." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping University, School of Health Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-6579.
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Abstract
Aim: The aim was to evaluate height measurements made with the single view metrology method and to investigate the influence of standing position and different phases of gait and running on vertical height.
Method: Ten healthy men were recorded simultaneously by a 2D web camera and a 3D motion analysis system. They performed six trials, three standing and three during gait and running. The vertical height was measured with the single view metrology method and in Qualisys Track Manager. The results were compared for evaluation. The vertical height in the different postures was compared to the actual height.
Results: The measurements made with the single view metrology method were significantly higher than the measurements made with Qualisys Track Manager (p<0.001). The vertical height in the two standing positions was significantly lower than the actual height (p<0.05). The vertical height in midstance was significantly lower than actual height in the walking trials (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between maximum vertical height and actual height during running (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The single view metrology method measured vertical heights with a mean error of +2.30 cm. Posture influence vertical body height. Midstance in walking is the position where vertical height corresponds best with actual height, in running it is the non-support phase.
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Werner, Bo. "Growth in Sweden : surveillance of growth patterns and epidemiological monitoring of secular changes in height and weight among children and adolescents /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-148-7/.
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Nyström, Peck Maria. "Childhood class, body height and adult health : studies on the relationship between childhood social class, adult height and illness and mortality in adulthood /." [S.l.] : Swedish institute for social research, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb402235172.
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Ramsey, Michael W., Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Michael Israetel, Anna Swisher, Cara Nelson, and Michael H. Stone. "Changes in Relationship Between Static Jump Height, Strength Characteristics, and Body Composition With Training." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4085.
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Simões-Brandão, Joyce Mara de Abreu 1977. "Fatores associados à ocorrência de baixa estatura em crianças com mielomeningocele." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310398.
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Orientador: Lilia Freire Rodrigues de Souza LiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T11:40:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simoes-Brandao_JoyceMaradeAbreu_M.pdf: 2725392 bytes, checksum: d1962906bda18ae22f1e17fa97566158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Os pacientes com mielomeningocele apresentam baixa estatura com frequência bem mais elevada do que a população geral. Duas questões se destacam: as variáveis que influenciam o processo de crescimento e as medidas antropométricas, visto que as deformidades ortopédicas comuns a essa população limitam a obtenção de dados fidedignos. Objetivo: Analisar as variáveis relacionadas à ocorrência de baixa estatura em crianças com mielomeningocele. Avaliar se existe equivalência entre a altura e métodos antropométricos alternativos, que seriam utilizados quando o ortostatismo não for viável. Método: Estudo analítico transversal com 260 crianças, entre 3 e 9 anos, sendo 125 com mielomeningocele (grupo MMC) e 135 sem deficiências físicas (grupo controle). Em ambos os grupos foram avaliados: peso, altura, comprimento, envergadura, medida do braço, peso ao nascimento, história pregressa de patologias, condição socioeconômica e hospitalizações anteriores. No grupo MMC foram investigadas: infecções de repetição, presença de hidrocefalia e malformação de Chiari, nível neurológico da lesão medular e classificação funcional, ocorrência de deformidades ortopédicas, desenvolvimento puberal, idade óssea, malformações e desvios da coluna, avaliação laboratorial (hormônios da tireóide, função renal, IGF1 e IGFBP3). Foram calculadas estaturas estimadas utilizando equação de Stevenson e regressão linear. As estaturas foram comparadas pelo método Bland-Altman. As variáveis independentes foram avaliadas individualmente por regressão logística simples e as que obtiveram p-valor <0.25 foram incluídas na análise de regressão logística para determinar sua associação com a baixa estatura. As variáveis com p-valor <0.1 permaneceram no modelo final. Resultados : No grupo MMC foram 52 meninos e 73 meninas, com média de 6.6 anos e desvio-padrão (DP) 2.1 anos. No grupo controle foram 72 meninos e 63 meninas, média de idade 6.9 anos e DP 2 anos. Na análise do grupo controle, os resultados não mostraram diferenças entre altura, envergadura e estatura estimada por regressão linear pela envergadura e pelo braço (0.0cm, p=0.942, p=0.990 e p=0.999, respectivamente), entretanto revelou-se significativa para a diferença entre altura, comprimento (2.0cm/p<0.001) e estatura estimada por Stevenson (0.8cm/p=0.019). Observamos as seguintes prevalências de baixa estatura, de acordo com a medida utilizada como referência, no grupo MMC: 34% (altura), 47.2% (comprimento) e 16.5% (envergadura) e no grupo controle: 3%, 0.7% e 3.7%, para altura, comprimento e envergadura, respectivamente. A presença de lesão medular alta (p<0.09), gênero feminino (p<0.059), baixo peso a nascimento (p<0.071) e valores de IGF1 abaixo da mediana (p<0.054) foram significativamente associados à baixa estatura em análise de regressão logística multivariada. Conclusões: Das medidas avaliadas, a comparação da altura com a envergadura (medida direta e estimada) não mostrou diferença média entre as duas medidas e apresentou intervalo de concordância dentro do aceitável, mostrando-se, portanto, adequada para substituir a altura. As meninas com MMC, que tiveram baixo peso ao nascimento, possuem lesões medulares altas e mostram valores mais baixos de IGF-I devem ter acompanhamento mais rigoroso do crescimento, já que possuem risco maior de desenvolver baixa estatura, conforme evidenciado pela regressão logística
Abstract: Individuals with short stature are frequent among patients with mielomeningocele than in general population. Two questions appear to be important in this context: the variables that influence the growth process and appropriate anthropometric measurements must be made, since the orthopedic deformities¿common among this population¿limit the recording of reliable data. Aim: To evaluate whether there is equivalence between height and alternative anthropometric methods that can be used when orthostatism is not feasible, and to determine the variables related to the occurrence of short stature in children with myelomeningocele. Method: In this cross-sectional study, we examined 260 children (aged from 3 to 9 years), including 125 with myelomeningocele (MMC group) and 135 without any physical disabilities (control group). In both groups were evaluated: weight, height, length, arm span, birth weight, history of chronic diseases, socioeconomic status and previous hospitalizations. In the MMC group the following variables were also assessed: recurrent infections, presence of hydrocephalus and Chiari malformation, neurological level, occurrence of orthopedic deformities, pubertal development, bone age, spine malformations and deviations, and laboratory data (thyroid hormones, kidney function, IGF1, and IGFBP3). Heights estimated were calculated according to the equation proposed by Stevenson and the formula developed from linear regression. The heights were compared applying the Bland-Altman method. The independent variables were evaluated individually with simple logistic regression and were included in the logistic regression analysis when p-value <0.25, to determine their association with short stature. Variables with p-value <0.1 remain in the final model. Results: The MMC group included 52 boys and 73 girls, with mean age of 6.6 years and standard deviation (SD) of 2.1 years. The control group included 72 boys and 63 girls, with a mean age of 6.9 years and SD of 2 years. In the analysis of the control group, we observed that there was no significant difference between the height and arm span, and the heights estimated by the arm span and arm measurement (0.0 cm, p=0.942, p=0.990, and p=0.999, respectively). However, the differences between height and length (2.0 cm, p< 0.001) and height estimated by Stevenson (0.8 cm, p=0.019) were significant. Observe the prevalence of short stature in the MMC group, according to the measure used: 34% (height), 47.2% (length) and 16.5% (arm span). In the control group the values were 3%, 0.7% and 3.7% for height, length and arm span, respectively. The presence of high neurological level (p<0.09), female gender (p<0.059), low birth weight (p<0.071) and IGF1 values below the median (p<0.054) were significantly associated with short stature in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: From the measures evaluated, the comparison between height and arm span (both direct and estimated measurements) showed no difference with the mean measurements of height, presented an acceptable concordance interval and, thus, appeared to be a suitable substitute. The girls with MMC, which had low birth weight, have high neurological level and show lower levels of IGF1 should have stricter control of growth as they have a higher risk of develop short stature as evidenced by logistic regression
Mestrado
Pediatria
Mestra em Ciências
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Ling, Kit Tong. "A cross-sectional study of skeletal age, dental age, body height, body weight and sexual maturity of 12 years old Southern Chinese boys." Hong Kong : Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Hong Kong, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628272.
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Dixon, Wallace E. Jr, Sarah A. Berry, William T. III Dalton, Stacey L. Williams, and Vincent A. Carroll. "To BMI or Not to BMI: Height Versus Length in Determining Body Mass Indices in Infancy." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4922.
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Rowell, Chelsie Joyce. "Accuracy of Self-Reported Height, Weight, and Calculated BMI and Resulting FITNESSGRAM® Healthy Fitness Zone Classification." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5214/.
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The determination of adiposity in adolescents is often assessed with calculations of body mass indices (BMI). Researchers often obtain these measurements from self-reported (SR) values. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of SR height, weight, and calculated BMI (from height and weight). SR and actual measured (ME) BMI values were compared with standards from the FITNESSGRAM® Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) classifications. SR height and calculated BMI were found to be accurate while SR weight was, on average, underreported by 4.77 lbs. Because of these errors in SR height and weight, accuracy of classification into the FITNESSGRAM® HFZ was compromised. Consequently, it is important that researchers ascertain actual values of height and weight when measuring adolescents rather than use those from self-reports.
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Rabito, Estela Iraci. ""Estimativa do peso e altura corporal através de medidas antropométricas e bioimpedância elétrica"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-02092006-211140/.
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A avaliação nutricional e o acompanhamento do estado nutricional dos pacientes de uma instituição são fundamentais para o planejamento e avaliação do serviço nutricional oferecido. Dentre os métodos de avaliação, a antropometria é recomendada por ser fácil, rápida e segura para ser empregada. Dentre os dados mais comuns o peso e a altura costumam fundamentar a avaliação do estado nutricional, e fundamentam os cálculos da terapia nutricional e doses farmacológicas. Visto que, tais medidas são difíceis de serem realizadas em pacientes acamados, e que na literatura, as equações sugeridas para estimativa de altura e peso são baseadas em amostras de idosos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de verificar a adequação destas fórmulas, e desenvolver equações apropriadas, para a população hospitalizada local. A metodologia utilizada para elaboração das equações preditivas foram a antropometria, dobras cutâneas, circunferências, comprimentos; e bioimpedância. Considerando que as formas de estimativa de peso e altura sugeridas na literatura apresentaram diferença significativa das medidas nesta amostra; e visando facilitar a metodologia de estimativa de peso, foram desenvolvidas quatro equações para peso e duas para altura. As novas equações parecem ser apropriadas, sendo a mais simples delas, para estimativa de peso, a equação: Peso (kg) = 0,8956 (circunferência do braço, cm) + 0,3858 (circunferência abdominal, cm) + 1,1180 (circunferência da panturrilha, cm) - 31,759 (r = 0,88 e p> 0,05); e Altura (m) = 83,8750 - 4,3810 (masculino = 2 e feminino = 1) - 0,0872 (idade ,anos) + 1,0840 (meia envergadura, cm), (r = 0,86 e p > 0,05). Sugerimos que estas equações possam ser utilizadas para estimar peso e altura de pacientes acamados.Anthropometry, including weight and height, is considered as an easy, a fast and a safe procedure for nutritional status evaluation. Body weight (W) and height (H) are both indicators of nutritional status changes and together with others body measurement, is a tool for nutritional therapy and medicine doses prescription. Regarding the impossibility to obtain these measurements from those individuals who cannot stand, formulas to estimate weight and height, based on elderly subjects, have been used for all adults patients. The aim of the current protocol was search, for easily acquired anthropometric measurements and bioimpedance, formulas to estimate weight and height from hospitalized patients. For the construction of predictive equations, anthropometry (skinfold thickness, circumferences, lengths) and bioelectrical impedance analysis were applied. Four equations suggested to estimate body weight, and two for body height the simplest are: W (Kg) = 0,8956 (arm circumference, cm) + 0,3858 (abdominal circumference, cm) + 1,1180 (calf circumference, cm) - 31,759 ( r = 0,88, p > 0,05); and H (m) = 83,8750 - 4,3810 (male = 1 e female = 2) - 0,0872 (age ,year) + 1,0840 (half spread ,cm) (r = 0,86 e p > 0,05). Residuals analysis showed that the error from both formulas was less than 5% (95% range variation). Therefore, when is impossible to get weight or height we suggested the use of those formulas.
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Löffler-Wirth, Henry, Edith Willscher, Peter Ahnert, Kerstin Wirkner, Christoph Engel, Markus Löffler, and Hans Binder. "Novel anthropometry based on 3D-bodyscans applied to a large population based cohort." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-207844.
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Three-dimensional (3D) whole body scanners are increasingly used as precise measuring tools for the rapid quantification of anthropometric measures in epidemiological studies. We analyzed 3D whole body scanning data of nearly 10,000 participants of a cohort collected from the adult population of Leipzig, one of the largest cities in Eastern Germany. We present a novel approach for the systematic analysis of this data which aims at identifying distinguishable clusters of body shapes called body types. In the first step, our method aggregates body measures provided by the scanner into meta-measures, each representing one relevant dimension of the body shape. In a next step, we stratified the cohort into body types and assessed their stability and dependence on the size of the underlying cohort. Using self-organizing maps (SOM) we identified thirteen robust meta-measures and fifteen body types comprising between 1 and 18 percent of the total cohort size. Thirteen of them are virtually gender specific (six for women and seven for men) and thus reflect most abundant body shapes of women and men. Two body types include both women and men, and describe androgynous body shapes that lack typical gender specific features. The body types disentangle a large variability of body shapes enabling distinctions which go beyond the traditional indices such as body mass index, the waist-to-height ratio, the waist-to-hip ratio and the mortality-hazard ABSI-index. In a next step, we will link the identified body types with disease predispositions to study how size and shape of the human body impact health and disease.
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Grostern, Jessica. "The Effect of a Concomitant Cognitive Task on One’s Unperceived Displacement and Knee Height in Stepping in Place Without Vision: A Kinematic Study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37033.
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While stepping in place without vision, individuals displace linearly and rotate, without perceiving these displacements. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of a concomitant cognitive task and the influence of knee height on these displacements in stepping in place for 50 steps. Sixteen adults (mean age = 22 years) performed four conditions of stepping: normal knee height and high knee height with and without a cognitive task. Antero-posterior (AP) displacement was significantly smaller in dual task than in single task at normal knee height, and AP and medio-lateral displacements were significantly larger at high than at normal knee height for single and dual task. No changes in body rotation were found. These findings suggest that automaticity is involved in the control of stepping in place with a concurrent cognitive task and that one’s attentional capacity is exceeded when stepping in place with high knees and a cognitive task.
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Fish, Rebecca J. "Stature and Criminal Behavior." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/801.
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Minorities are significantly overrepresented in America's prison population, and many studies have been conducted to determine possible causes for such a disparity. Few of these studies, however, have examined small stature as a potential contributor to criminal behavior. This study examines the relationship between criminal behavior and stature among American males. The heights, weights, stature scores (a function of the product of height and weight) and the body mass indices of criminals are examined as a whole, as well as by subgroup based on race, locality, and nature of the crime committed. The average weight of the male criminal population is substantially lower than that of the general male population. The center of the height distribution for urban criminals is found to be lower than men who commit crimes in suburban or rural areas, as is the center of the weight distribution for index criminals when compared to non-index criminals. Murderers demonstrate the smallest mean and median heights and weights when compared to the rest of the criminal population. Although small stature can be associated with certain crimes and localities, size cannot be associated with the racial disparity in today's prisons.
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Frick, Lisa Marie. "Obesity and blood pressure among elementary school children in Anadarko Oklahoma." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2002. http://library.ouhsc.edu/epub/theses/Frick-Lisa-Marie.pdf.
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FLAIG, VICKY RENEE. "COMPARISON OF SEGMENTAL MEASUREMENTS TO HEIGHT, WEIGHT, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND PERCENT BODY FAT IN A NORMAL POPULATION AGED 0-21 YEARS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990650034.
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Israetel, Michael Alexandrovich. "The Interrelationships of Fitness Characteristics in Division 1 Athletes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1194.
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The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the interrelationships of several important fitness characteristics in Division 1 athletes. Sport performance magnitude is the summation of an individual athlete’s technical, psychological, and fitness characteristics. Athletes who excel in any or all characteristics perform better in their chosen sports. General fitness characteristics that are important to almost all sports include strength, power, vertical jump height, shortdistance sprinting ability, muscularity, and body fat percentage. These variables have been shown in previous research to independently affect athletic performance outcomes, but their relationships to one another are less clear. Eighty Division I athletes from 4 sports were examined in a variety of fitness characteristics as part of a continuous athlete monitoring program. Data on strength, power, vertical jump height, short-distance sprinting speed, muscularity, and body fat percentage were collected and analyzed. Analysis revealed several important relationships. Firstly, strength is highly related to muscularity, with lean body mass as one of the most important determinants of strength. Secondly, athletes who can produce high relative (scaled per body mass) forces and powers tend to be considerably higher jumpers and much faster sprinters. Lastly, leaner athletes out-perform less lean athletes in almost every metric, especially relative strength and power, vertical jumping ability, and sprinting ability.
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Kiechl, Stefan, and Nadia Steiber. "Strong or Weak Handgrip? Normative Reference Values for the German Population across the Life Course Stratified by Sex, Age, and Body Height." Public Library of Science, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163917.
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Handgrip strength is an important biomarker of healthy ageing and a powerful predictor of future morbidity and mortality both in younger and older populations. Therefore, the measurement of handgrip strength is increasingly used as a simple but efficient screening tool for health vulnerability. This study presents normative reference values for handgrip strength in Germany for use in research and clinical practice. It is the first study to provide normative data across the life course that is stratified by sex, age, and body height. The study used a nationally representative sample of test participants ages 17-90. It was based on pooled data from five waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel (2006-2014) and involved a total of 11,790 persons living in Germany (providing 25,285 observations). Handgrip strength was measured with a Smedley dynamometer. Results showed that peak mean values of handgrip strength are reached in men's and women's 30s and 40s after which handgrip strength declines in linear fashion with age. Following published recommendations, the study used a cut-off at 2 SD below the sex-specific peak mean value across the life course to define a "weak grip". Less than 10% of women and men aged 65-69 were classified as weak according to this definition, shares increasing to about half of the population aged 80-90. Based on survival analysis that linked handgrip strength to a relevant outcome, however, a "critically weak grip" that warrants further examination was estimated to commence already at 1 SD below the group-specific mean value.
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Ling, Kit Tong, and 凌傑棠. "A cross-sectional study of skeletal age, dental age, body height, bodyweight and sexual maturity of 12 years old Southern Chinese boys." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628272.
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Rizzo, Frank. "Does a Tailored Nine-week Training Intervention Improve Jump Height, Single-leg Stability, and Whole-body Stability Performance in Young Cross-country Skiers?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för idrottsmedicin, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-181172.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate if a nine-week training intervention composed of different mobility and stability exercises intending to improve jump height, whole-body stability, and single-leg stability of junior cross-country skiers. It was also of interest to see if the test equipment could determine the study participants' potential risk of injury with a built-in injury predictor measurement, Musculoskeletal Health (MSK). A total of 16 cross-country skiers aged 16-20 years, 8 man and 8 women, performed the following tests on a force plate; Jump Scan (i.e., to characterize an individual's dynamic movement strategy), Plank Scan (i.e., to measure the individual's ability to control global static stability across each extremity), and Balance Scan (i.e., the individual's ability to maintain their center of mass over their center of pressure). After the initial scan, participants were assigned to the same nine-week intervention program, with Group 1 performing the program three times each week and Group 2 once each week before performing a post-intervention scan. Using two-way ANOVA showed no significant between-group differences. There was no significant difference when using three-way ANOVA within both intervention groups, except higher CMJ Load scores (p=0.032) and reduction in Plank scores, Plank Left (p=0.024) in male participants. When using logistic regression tests to determine the correlation between jump height (CMJ) outcomes effect on MSK injury risk between groups and within gender, a significant correlation in females was shown (p=0.0280, R=0.46). The present study's results suggest that a 9-week training intervention is not sufficient when training either one or three times per week for improving jump height, whole-body stability, and single-leg stability in junior cross-country skiers.
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Krackow, Michael Stuart. "An analysis of player position group, height, weight, and relative body weight and their relationship to scores on the Functional Movement Screen(TM)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30025.
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Sports medicine professionals are continuously attempting to keep the incidence of injuries down. One way to accomplish this is to employ preventive methods that identify athletes who are at a greater risk of becoming injured prior to the start of the athletic season. The Functional Movement Screenâ ¢ (FMS) is a screening method that attempts to identify those individuals at risk of sustaining injuries by determining deficits in athletes' mobility and stability. This is an area of great conflict because athletic injuries result from many factors, not only in mobility and stability weaknesses. Therefore, it must first be determined whether deficient scores on the FMS are the result of the proposed weakness, or rather other potential risk factors.
Functional Movement Screenâ ¢ scores were collected from 136 collegiate Division 1-A football players from three athletic programs. The scores were separated into one of three groups based upon the position played by each subject: (1) skill group, (2) combo group, and (3) line-of-scrimmage group. Data were also collected on each subject's height, weight, and relative body weight (BMI).
The results of the ANOVA and Tukey HSD showed that there was a significant difference p < 0.05 between the line-of-scrimmage group and the skill group, as well as between the line-of-scrimmage group and the combo group. No significant difference was demonstrated between the combo group and the skill group.
The results of the Pearson Correlation demonstrated a significant negative relationship p < 0.05 between the height of an athlete and the score received on the FMS. Significant negative relationships p < 0.01 were shown between the weight of an athlete and the score received on the FMS, as well as the relative body weight (BMI) and the athletes' score on the FMS.
The results suggest that the score an athlete receives on the FMS may not reflect mobility and stability deficiencies because other factors affect the outcome of the scores. Therefore, at the present time, the FMS may not be a reliable tool by itself for identifying athletes who are at a greater risk of sustaining non-contact types of injuries.Ph. D.
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Lundkvist, Grönberg Anni. "Kroppslängd : En studie om kroppslängdens påverkan på passformen." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-21950.
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Denna studie är en kandidatuppsats i designteknik. Bakgrunden till arbetet är en fältstudie som genomfördes våren 2019. Fältstudien spenderades på ett modeföretag, specifikt på en avdelning som tar fram damkläder. Under den tiden jobbade avdelningen med att ta fram plagg för kvinnor som är kortare än genomsnittet. Det gav upphov till idén att undersöka området närmare eftersom det är stor efterfrågan på dessa specialstorlekar. Syftet med studien är att identifiera skillnader i mått och passform mellan en storlek för medellånga jämfört med en kortare storleksserie, samt att analysera marknadens utbud av nämnda specialstorlek. I arbetet med studien togs tre grundmönster för blus fram. Första grundmönstret utgick från en standardmåttlista för en genomsnittslängd. De andra två konstruerades för kvinnor under genomsnittslängd. Den ena togs fram efter marknadens kroppsmått och den andra utifrån en standardmåttlista under medellängd, för att kunna påvisa differenser i passform. Därefter verifierades passformen genom avprovning på personer under genomsnittslängd. Resultatet efter avprovningarna visade att grundmönstret skapat efter standardmåttlistan hade bättre passform än marknadens mönster.This report is a bachelor essay in garment technology. The background for this report is a field study that took place during spring 2019. The field study was carried out at a fashion company, specifically at a department that produces women’s clothes. During that period the department was in the process of creating garments for women of short stature. That sparked the idea to investigate the field a bit closer, due to the big demand for well fitted garments among shorter women. The aim of the study is to identify differences in fit between a size for women of average height and women of shorter stature, and to analyze the market’s assortment of shorter sizes. In this study three basic patterns were constructed. The first pattern was created from a standard measurement chart for women of average height. The other two was constructed for shorter women. One was developed according to the market’s body measurements and the other based on a standard measurement chart for women below average height, to be able to determine differences in fit. The fit was then verified through fittings on models of shorter stature. The result showed that the pattern developed from a standard measurement chart had a better fit than the pattern based on the market’s body measurements.
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Bleil, Rozane Aparecida Toso. "Estado nutricional e praticas alimentares de adolescentes matriculados em escolas publicas de municipio do oeste paranaense." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256210.
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Orientador: Elisabete SalayTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Em adolescentes, hábitos alimentares inadequados podem desencadear aumento de diversas doenças. Nessa fase, é necessário compreender as transformações em relação ao estado nutricional, para propor estratégias de ações efetivas. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o estado nutricional e as práticas alimentares de adolescentes de município da região oeste paranaense. Foi analisada ainda a adesão do grupo em relação ao Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE). O estudo foi realizado com 167 adolescentes entre 10 e 18 anos, matriculados na rede pública de ensino do município de Toledo-Paraná, no ano de 2004. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos, de consumo alimentar, percepção corporal, desenvolvimento puberal, atividade física e informações sobre a alimentação distribuída nas unidades de ensino escolar. Para a análise do estado nutricional dos alunos, foi adotado o Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC e para a avaliação do consumo alimentar, o Recordatório Alimentar de 24 horas. Foi aplicado o teste de qui-quadrado para verificar associação entre estado nutricional e as variáveis: gênero, rendimentos familiares, maturação sexual, atividade física e ingestão de nutrientes. A análise de variância e o teste de Tukey foram realizados para verificar associação entre consumo alimentar e estado nutricional e o teste t-student para comparar a ingestão de nutrientes com a recomendação e detectar possíveis diferenças nas medidas referidas e aferidas de peso, estatura e IMC. Para avaliar a concordância entre as medidas referidas e aferidas, foi determinado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse de Pearson (CCI), conforme faixa etária e gênero. As análises sobre a adesão ao PNAE foram baseadas no cálculo do Índice de Atendimento Efetivo (IAE) e na frequência de consumo da alimentação escolar. A aceitação foi medida pelo método da Escala Hedônica Facial. Os fatores analisados intervenientes na adesão ao programa foram: tipo de preparação, local, temperatura, tempo destinado ao consumo de alimentos na escola, e utensílios usados na alimentação escolar. Para todas as análises, foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. A prevalência de excesso de peso no grupo foi de 8,4%. O consumo de colesterol apresentou-se elevado no grupo das meninas com baixo peso e a ingestão de fibras foi menor no grupo com excesso de peso, em ambos os gêneros. A ingestão de cálcio e vitamina A foi significativamente menor que o recomendado. Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre as variáveis faixa etária e gênero em relação às medidas de peso, estatura e IMC referidos e aferidos. Os resultados mostraram expressiva adesão dos alunos ao PNAE e entre os fatores que interferem na adesão ao programa, algumas preparações integrantes do cardápio devem ser revistas. As medidas referidas, especialmente a estatura, devem ser utilizadas com cuidado na avaliação do estado nutricional de adolescentes. Melhorias podem ser incorporadas ao PNAE para ampliar a adesão dos alunos ao programa. Sugere-se maior envolvimento dos gestores públicos na implementação de estratégias, com destaque para as medidas educativas passíveis de serem desenvolvidas no âmbito escolar, para que sejam corrigidos, em curto prazo, problemas nutricionais que podem comprometer a saúde desta população
Abstract: In adolescents, the inadequate nutritional habits can result in many diseases. During this phase, it is necessary to understand the changes associated to the adolescents' nutritional profile, in order to propose strategies of effective actions as well as improve their health. This study aimed at evaluating the nutritional status and food intake practices in adolescents from a western city of Paraná State. It was also analyzed the group's adhesion on the National School Meal Program (NSMP). The study was performed in 2004, with 167 adolescents from 10 to 18 years old, all enrolled on public schools in the city of Toledo, PR. Data as socioeconomic, anthropometric, food intake, corporeal perception, pubertal development, physical activity and information concerning meal distribution on the school units were collected. In order to analyze the students' nutritional status, it was applied the Body Mass Index (BMI) and to evaluate the food intake consume, the 24-hour diet recall. It was also used the qui-square test to verify any association between the nutritional status and its variables: gender, family income, sexual maturity, physical activity and nutrients intake. The analysis of variance and the Tukey test were done to verify the association between food intake and nutritional status, while the t-student test compared nutrients intake with the recommendation to detect possible differences on the self-reported and measures taken of weight, height and BMI. To evaluate the relation between the self-reported and measures taken, it was determined the Pearson intra-class correlation coefficient, according to the age group and gender. The analyses concerning NSMP adhesion were based on the Effective Assistance Index (EAI) and the school meal consumption frequency. The approval was measured by the facial hedonic method. In order to evaluate the factors that can interfere on the program adhesion, the following items were analyzed: food preparation type, place, temperature, time determined to the food intake and the utensils used on the school meals. It was chosen a significance level of 5% for all the analyses. The cholesterol intake was high for the girls' group, with low weight and the fiber intake was low in the overweight group in both gender. Calcium and vitamin A consumption was considered significantly bellow the recommended. No significant differences were observed between the variables age and gender regarding measures of weight, height and BMI, measured and self-reported. The results showed a significant adhesion of the students to NSMP and, among the factors that interfere on the program adhesion, there are some preparations in the menu which should be reviewed. The self-reported measures, mainly tallness, must be used with caution during the nutritional status evaluation in adolescents. Improvements can be incorporated to the NSMP in order to intensify the students' adhesion to the program. This research proposes a deeper commitment by the public executives to implement some strategies, highlighting educative measurements that can be developed in the school environment, so that nutritional problems can be corrected, in a short term, since they can harm this population health
Doutorado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Pretorius, Rachelle Ann. "Body composition and systematic low-grade inflammation in children : the PLAY study / Rachelle A. Pretorius." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1096.
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Background: Obesity-related diseases are arising as a major problem among children. inflammation
has recently been identified to play an important role in the relationship between obesity.- as well as
stunting-related diseases.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and a variety of
cardiometabolic and anthropometric indices of children in a township outside Potchefstroom, South
Africa.
Methods: Blood samples of 115 girls and 78 boys (mean age 15.6 ± 1.35) in the Physical Activity in
the Young (PLAY) study were cross-sectionally analysed. Trained fieldworkers collected the
demographic, Tanner growth stage and habitual physical activity information. Physiologists measured
the children’s blood pressure. Anthropometric measurements were taken by. trained post-graduate
students with level 1 or 2 qualifications in anthropometrics. A standard test battery was administered
by trained postgraduate students in Human Movement Science to assess muscular strength. flexibility
and endurance of the children. Blood samples were collected, centrifuged and stored frozen until
further analyses.
Results: Stunted girls had a significantly higher serum TNF-α concentration than the non-stunted girls
(p=0.03). The factor analyses showed that the inflammatory. status clustered with the height for age-z-scores
(HAZ) scores and the waist-hip-ratio (WHR). The HAZ-score of the over-fat boys (- 1.46) was
significantly smaller than the lean boys (- 1.14, p=0.0 1). whereas the over-fat girls had a trend for a
smaller HAZ-score (-1.07) than the lean girls (-0.89). No significant differences were found between
the over-fat and the lean children-s inflammatory status. TNF-α and CRP levels tended to be higher in
the over-fat children than in lean children. The girls' scrum IL-6 and CRP concentrations correlated
significantly with their body mass index (BMI) and WHR (p<0.05 )and their TNF-α and IL-6
concentrations correlated significantly with their WHR (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively).
Conclusion: In comparison to the non-stunted girls, stunted girls had a statistically significantly higher
TNF-α concentration. Unusual fat distribution that is found in over-fat and stunted children may be
associated with low-grade inflammation in children. More research is needed on these associations with
markers of inflammation in a long-term longitudinal study.Thesis (M.Sc. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Scharfenberger, Christian N. [Verfasser], Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Färber, and Eckehard [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinbach. "Panoramic Vision for Automotive Applications : From Image Rectification to Ambiance Monitoring and Driver Body Height Estimation / Christian Scharfenberger. Gutachter: Georg Färber ; Eckehard Steinbach. Betreuer: Georg Färber." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1012186970/34.
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Dahlgren, Andreas. "Analysis of Complex Genetic Traits in Population Cohorts using High-throughput Genotyping Technology." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8291.
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Moreno, Patrícia Almeida Jacob. "Comparação do IMC estimado pelo método knee-height com o IMC convencional e o impacto sobre o diagnóstico do estado nutricional antropométrico de idosos negros." Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 2010. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/15221.
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Objetivo: Comparar o estado antropométrico dos idosos negros a partir do IMC obtido pela altura estimada e a altura convencional. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em amostra populacional de negros dos distritos sanitários (DS) Barra- Rio vermelho e Liberdade, na cidade de Salvador-Ba, sendo a população final do estudo constituída por 383 indivíduos com idade ≥ 60 anos. As variáveis do estudo foram: medidas antropométricas ― peso, altura e altura do joelho, índice de massa corpórea, cor autorreferida, escolaridade, nível socioeconômico. Utilizou-se o teste t-student pareado para analisar as diferenças de médias das medidas antropométricas e o teste de qui-quadrado para analisar as diferenças de proporções dos estratos do diagnóstico nutricional à partir do IMC convencional e do IMC estimado. Para a classificação da concordância de IMC´s foram calculados os valores de Kappa. Resultados: Dos idosos estudados 60,8% estavam na faixa etária 60-69 anos, predominando o sexo feminino (69,2%). A análise de concordância do IMCE apresenta para magreza em homens e mulheres 72,0% e 83,4%, respectivamente. Os valores observados de Kappa elevados para magreza e sobrepeso em ambos os sexos indicam que o IMC cuja altura foi estimada pelo Knee-height tem boa concordância com aquele obtido a partir de medidas convencionais de peso e altura. Tanto para a altura convencional, quanto para a altura estimada houve uma redução da altura média com o aumento da idade. Conclusão: Diante dos resultados encontrados, sugere-se, então, que na prática nutricional da assistência ao idoso, seja considerada a medida do joelho na estimativa da altura para efeito de cálculo do IMC e considerando que esta técnica é de baixo custo e de fácil aplicação pode ser utilizada em ambiente ambulatorial, domiciliar ou hospitalar.
Objective: To compare the anthropometric status of elderly blacks from BMI obtained by the estimated height and conventional height. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study in a population sample of black health districts (DS) Barra-Rio Vermelho and Liberdade in the city of Salvador-BA, and the final study population consisted of 383 individuals aged ≥ 60 years. The study variables were: anthropometric measurements - weight, height and knee height, body mass index, self-reported color, education, socioeconomic level. We used the paired Student t test to analyze differences in mean values of anthropometric measures and chi-square test to analyze differences in proportions of the strata of nutritional diagnosis from the conventional BMI and BMI estimated. For classification concordance of BMI's were calculated Kappa values. Results: Of the elderly studied 60.8% were aged 60-69 years, predominantly female (69.2%). Concordance analysis of IMCE presents for men and women were 72.0% and 83.4%, respectively. It was observed that the high Kappa values for thinness and overweight in both sexes indicate that BMI whose height was estimated by Knee-height is in good agreement with that obtained from conventional measurements of height and weight. Both for the conventional height, the estimated height to the height was reduced with increasing average age. Conclusion: Considering the results, it is suggested, then, that in practice the nutritional care of the elderly, is considered as the estimation of knee height to calculate BMI and considering that this technique is inexpensive and easy application can be used in an outpatient setting, home or hospital.
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Jarrell, Heather M. "Associations between Skeletal Fractures and Locomotor Behavior, Habitat Use, and Body Mass in Nonhuman Primates." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306432619.
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Sohlberg, Sara. "Placental Function : An Epidemiological and Magnetic Resonance Study." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-239294.
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Placental function is central for normal pregnancy and in many of the major pregnancy disorders. We used magnetic resonance imaging techniques to investigate placental function in normal pregnancy, in early and late preeclampsia and in intrauterine growth restriction. We also investigated maternal body mass index and height, as risk factors for preeclampsia. A high body mass index and a short maternal stature increase the risk of preeclampsia, of all severities. The association seems especially strong between short stature and early preeclampsia, and a high body mass index and late preeclampsia. (Study I) Using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, we found that the placental perfusion fraction decreases with increasing gestational age in normal pregnancy. Also, the placental perfusion fraction is smaller in early preeclampsia, and larger in late preeclampsia, compared with normal pregnancies. That these differences are in opposite directions, suggests that there are differences in the underlying pathophysiology of early and late preeclampsia. (Study II) Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we found that the phosphodiester spectral intensity fraction and the phosphodiester/phosphomonoester spectral intensity ratio increases with increasing gestational age. Also, we found that the phosphodiester spectral intensity fraction and the phosphodiester/phosphomonoester spectral intensity ratio are higher in early preeclampsia, compared with early normal pregnancy. These findings indicate increased apoptosis with increasing gestational age in normal pregnancy, and increased apoptosis in early preeclampsia. (Study III) The placental perfusion fraction is smaller in intrauterine growth restriction than in normal pregnancy. Fetal growth, Doppler blood flow in maternal and fetal vessels, infant birth weight and plasma markers of placental function are all correlated to the placental perfusion fraction. The placental perfusion fraction examination seems therefore to offer a fast, direct estimate of the degree of placental dysfunction. (Study IV) In conclusion: Our findings in studies I-III all support the hypothesis of partly different pathophysiology between early and late preeclampsia, and suggest a strong link between early preeclampsia and placental dysfunction. Study IV shows that the placental perfusion fraction has potential to contribute to the clinical assessment of placental dysfunction.
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Camargo, Daniele Flaviane Mendes 1980. "Velocidade de crescimento no primeiro ano de vida : anemia e outros fatores associados." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310337.
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Orientador: Leticia de las Mercedes Marín LeónDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: O potencial de crescimento infantil depende da herança genética, mas é intensamente influenciado por fatores ambientais físicos e sociais. A realização completa desse potencial é favorecida por uma alimentação saudável, boas condições de vida, ótimo estado nutricional e de condições de saúde. Alta prevalência de anemia na primeira infância tem sido associada ao déficit de crescimento infantil. Estima-se que no Brasil aproximadamente, 20,9% das crianças menores de cinco anos de idade apresentam hemoglobina menor que 11g/dL. A deficiência de ferro é a mais comum e prevalente entre as deficiências de micronutrientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de saúde da mãe/bebê que interferem na velocidade de crescimento no primeiro ano de vida. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo, envolvendo 280 pares mãe/bebê com dados completos, nascidos no Hospital Estadual de Sumaré/SP, entre maio e dezembro de 2005. São apresentados dados do nascimento, 150 e 360 dias. Mediante teste t-Student, qui-quadrado de Pearson, teste exato de Fisher e análises de regressão logística univariada e múltipla onde foram calculados Odds Ratio e intervalo de confiança de 95% brutos e ajustados para identificar as variáveis associadas à menor velocidade de crescimento no primeiro e segundo semestre do primeiro ano de vida. Entre o nascimento e os 150 dias, apresentaram menor média de crescimento (escore z Estatura/Idade) as crianças nascida com peso insuficiente (-1,14 vs 0,23 p=<0,001); pré-termo (-0,86 vs -0,02 p=0,003), que apresentaram aos 150 dias de vida Hb <11g/dl (0,46 vs 0,86 p=0,025). Entre os 150 e 360 dias de vida, apresentaram menor média de crescimento (escore z Estatura/Idade) as crianças que ainda estavam em AM (-0,46 vs 0,07 p=0,004) e as que tinham apresentado febre nos 30 dias precedentes (-0,47 vs 0,00 p=0,014). Ao usar o indicador incremento de estatura estiveram associadas a crescimento <30%, entre o nascimento e os 150 dias: sobrepeso pré-gestacional da mãe (IMC? 25Kg/m² - OR=3,62; IC95% 1,66-7,89), antecedente de anemia da criança (OR=3,77; IC95% 1,28-11,10) e de diarréia (OR=2,58; IC95% 1,10-6,07). Entre os 150 e 360 dias, apresentaram maior chance de deficit no crescimento, as crianças filhos de mães que apresentaram anemia no pré-natal (OR=2,53; IC95% 1,16 - 5,54); as que tiveram infecção das vias aéreas superiores aos 150 dias (OR=2,21; IC95% 1,09 - 4,46) e as que estavam em aleitamento materno aos 360 dias de vida (OR=1,92; IC95% 1,01 - 3,67). Assim é fundamental que os programas de saúde maternos infantil priorizem a prevenção da anemia materna e infantil como também o tratamento das morbidades no primeiro ano de vida
Abstract: The infant's growth potential depends on genetics, but is strongly influenced by environmental factors, both physical and social. The full attainment of this potential is favored by a healthy diet, good living conditions, excellent nutritional status and health conditions. High prevalence of infant anemia has been associated with infant growth deficit. It is estimated that in Brazil approximately 20.9% of children younger than five years of age have hemoglobin less than 11g/dL. Iron deficiency is the most common and prevalent micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic, socioeconomic and health factors of the mother/baby that interfere with growth rate in the first year of life. This is a prospective cohort study involving 280 pairs mother/baby with complete data, born in the Sumaré State Hospital/SP, between May and December 2005. Data from the birth, 150 and 360 days are presented. Using Student t test, Pearson chi ², Fisher exact test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyzes to calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence interval, to identify the variables associated with slower growth in the first and second semester of the first year of life. Between birth and 150 days, it was observed lower mean growth (z score height/age) among children born underweight (-1.14 vs 0.23; p = <0.001), preterm (-0.86 vs -0.02; p = 0.003), which had Hb <11g/dl at 150 days of life (0.46 vs 0.86 p = 0.025). Between 150 and 360 days of age, it was observed lower mean growth (z score height/age) among children that were still being breastfed (-0.46 vs 0.07 p = 0.004) and who had had fever in the previous 30 days (-0.47 vs 0.00 p = 0.014). When the indicator height rate was used, it was observed association with height rate <30% between birth and 150 days, among those born from overweight mother (pre-pregnancy BMI ? 25kg/m² OR = 3.62; CI 1.66 to 7.89), history of child anemia (OR = 3.77 IC 1.28 to 11.10) and diarrhea (OR = 2.58 CI 1.10 to 6.07). Between 150 and 360 days, children with a history of fever (OR = 2.85 CI 1.63 to 4.96) and hemoglobin <9.5 g / dl (OR = 3.63 CI 1.43 to 9.23), were approximately three times more likely to grow less than 12%. Morbidity in the first year of life has a negative effect on linear growth, and in the second half of the first year, anemia was the main inhibitor of growth. Thus it is essential that child health programs prioritize the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Between 150 and 360 days, the conditions that were more likely to decrease the height rate were, maternal prenatal anemia (OR = 2.53; 95% CI 1.16 to 5.54), babies upper respiratory infections at 150 days (OR = 2.21; 95% CI 1.09 to 4.46) and being breast fed at 360 days (OR = 1.92; 95% 1.01 - 3. 67). Thus it is essential that the maternal child health programs prioritize the prevention of maternal and infant anemia and also treatment of morbidity, in the first year of life
Mestrado
Epidemiologia
Mestra em Saúde Coletiva
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Macedo, Osmair Gomes de. "Estudo comparativo da composição corporal através da densitometria óssea com emissão de raios-X de dupla energia nos hemicorpos dominante e não dominante entre pessoas com paralisia cerebral - hemiplegia espástica e pessoas normais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-17122008-085802/.
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Foi comparada a massa óssea e a composição corporal dos hemicorpos dominante e não dominante de um grupo (A) de 16 pessoas com paralisia cerebral com hemiplegia espástica, e de um grupo (B) de 29 voluntários normais por meio da mensuração da massa corporal, estatura e densitometria óssea do corpo total com composição corporal. Foi encontrada diferença estatística significante no conteúdo mineral ósseo dos membros superiores do grupo A e dos membros superiores e inferiores, tronco e total do grupo B; na massa magra dos membros inferiores do grupo A e dos membros superiores e inferiores, tronco e total do grupo B; na massa adiposa dos membros inferiores do grupo A e dos membros superiores e inferiores, tronco e total do grupo B; e no conteúdo mineral ósseo dos membros superiores e inferiores, e total e na massa magra dos membros superiores e inferiores entre os hemicorpos não dominantes dos grupos A e B. Foi encontrada também correlação estatística significante entre o conteúdo mineral ósseo e a massa magra nos grupos A e B em todos os sítios, exceto no tronco dominante do grupo A; e o conteúdo mineral ósseo e a massa corpórea no tronco dominante do grupo A e no membro inferior dominante e bilateral do grupo BWere compared the bone mass and body composition of the dominant and nondominant hemi bodies in a group (A) of a 16 spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy and in a group (B) of 27 normal volunteers by weight, height, and densitometry of total body with body composition measure. Were observed significant statistical difference in the bone content mineral of the upper limbs of the group A and of the upper and lower limbs, trunk and total of the group B; in the lean mass of the lower limbs of the group A and of the upper and lower limbs, trunk and total of the group B; in the mass fat of the lower limbs of the group A and of the upper and lower limbs, trunk and total of the group B; and in the bone mineral content of the upper and lower limbs, and total, and in the lean mass of the upper and lower limbs between the hemi bodies no dominant of the A and B groups. Were observed too statistical correlation between the bone mineral content and lean mass in the groups A and B in all locals, except in the trunk of group A; and between the bone mineral content and body mass in the trunk of group A and lower limb dominant and bilateral of group B
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Rinnström, Daniel. "Coarctation of the aorta : register and imaging studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-126428.
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Background Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) constitutes 5-8 % of all congenital heart disease (CHD) and is associated with long-term complications such as hypertension (HTN) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Factors associated with HTN, LVH, and diffuse myocardial fibrosis, are not yet fully explored in this population. Methods Papers I-III: The Swedish national register of congenital heart disease (SWEDCON) was used to identify adult patients with repaired CoA. Paper IV: Data on 2,424 adult patients with CHD was extracted from SWEDCON and compared to controls (n = 4,605) regarding height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Paper V: Adults with CoA (n = 21, age 28.5 (19.1-65.1) years, 33.3 % female) referred for CMR were investigated with T1 mapping to determine left ventricular extracellular volume fraction (ECV). Results Papers I-II: Out of 653 patients, 344 (52.7 %) had HTN. In a multivariable model, age (years) (OR 1.07, CI 1.05-1.10), sex (male) (OR 3.35, CI 1.98-5.68) and BMI (kg/m2) (OR 1.09, CI 1.03-1.16) were associated with having HTN, and so was systolic arm-leg blood pressure (BP) gradient where an association was found at the ranges (10, 20] mmHg (OR 3.58, CI 1.70-7.55) and > 20 mmHg (OR 11.38, CI 4.03-32.11), in comparison to the range [0, 10] mmHg. When investigating 243 patients with diagnosed HTN, 127 (52.3 %) had elevated BP (≥ 140/90 mmHg). Age (years) (OR 1.03, CI 1.01-1.06) was associated with elevated BP, and so was systolic arm-leg BP gradient in the ranges (10, 20] mmHg (OR 4.92, CI 1.76-13.79), and > 20 mmHg (OR 9.93, CI 2.99-33.02), in comparison to the reference interval [0, 10] mmHg. Patients with elevated BP had more classes of anti-hypertensive medication classes prescribed (1.9 vs 1.5, p = 0.003). Paper III: Out of 506 patients, 114 (22.5 %) were found to have LVH. Systolic BP (mmHg) (OR 1.02, CI 1.01-1.04), aortic valve disease, (OR 2.17, CI 1.33–3.53), age (years) (OR 1.03, CI 1.01–1.05), and HTN (OR 3.02, CI 1.81-5.02), were associated with LVH, while sex (female) (OR 0.41, CI 0.24-0.72) was negatively associated with LVH. Paper IV: There was no difference in height, weight, or BMI between patients with CoA (n = 414) and the reference population. Paper V: In the population of 21 patients, an increased left ventricular myocardial ECV was found in 6 cases (28.6 %). Of the patients with increased ECV, 5/6 (83.3 %) were female (p = 0.002). Patients with increased ECV did not otherwise differ from the rest of the study population. iv Conclusions In adults with repaired CoA, HTN and LVH were common, and many patients with HTN had elevated BP despite treatment. The potentially modifiable factors BMI and systolic arm-leg BP gradient were associated with HTN, and the gradient was also associated with elevated BP among patients with diagnosed HTN. The gradient’s significance remained even within what the current guidelines consider acceptable ranges. Potentially modifiable factors associated with LVH were systolic BP and aortic valve disease. We found no general difference in height, weight, or BMI between patients with CoA and the reference population. While LVH was more common among men, increased myocardial ECV was more common among women.
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Braithwaite, Irene E., Alistair W. Stewart, Robert J. Hancox, Rinki Murphy, Clare R. Wall, Richard Beasley, and Edwin A. Mitchell. "Body mass index and vigorous physical activity in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study." Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625724.
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Aim: To examine the relationship between reported vigorous physical activity (VPA) and body mass index (BMI) in children (6–7 years) and adolescents (13–14 years). Methods: In the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Phase Three, 75 895 children's parents and 199 502 adolescents answered questions relating to VPA, height and weight. The association between VPA and BMI was analysed using general linear models, adjusting for country gross national index. Results: Compared to children who undertook no VPA, those in the infrequent group (once or twice per week) and those in the frequent group (three or more times per week) had mean (95% CI) BMI values 0.07 kg/m 2 (0.03–0.11) and 0.09 kg/m 2 (0.03–0.15) greater, respectively (p = 0.001). Compared to adolescents reporting no VPA, those in the infrequent group had a BMI 0.19 kg/m 2 (0.15–0.23) greater while those in the frequent group had a BMI 0.01 kg/m 2 (−0.03–0.05) greater (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Reported VPA is not associated with lower BMI among children and adolescents. Investigation of VPA and BMI may be best undertaken in conjunction with other variables in the energy expenditure equation. A focus on VPA alone may be an inefficient way to manage BMI.Revisión por pares
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Schuh, Claudia Maria. "Efeitos da exposição ao fumo durante a gestação nas medidas antropométricas dos recém-nascidos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15380.
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Objetivos: Diversos trabalhos documentaram a associação entre o fumo ativo na gestação e a redução no peso,comprimento e perímetro cefálico dos recémnascidos. Porém, existem controvérsias quanto aos efeitos do fumo passivo. Esse estudo buscou colaborar na elucidação sobre os efeitos da exposição da gestante ao fumo nas medidas antropométricas do recém-nascido. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que incluiu 200 parturientes, identificando a intensidade da exposição das mesmas ao fumo através da mensuração da cotinina urinária e do auto-relato sobre seu hábito tabágico e de seus familiares,o que possibilitou categorizá-las em não fumantes, fumantes passivas e fumantes ativas e posterior comparação com as medidas antropométricas dos recémnascidos. Resultados: Encontramos uma diferença estatisticamente significativa no peso,quando comparamos as fumantes passivas às não fumantes, -152g (IC95%: -285 a -18;P=0,026) e a diferença encontrada nas fumantes ativas foi de - 159g (IC95%: -301 a -16; P=0,029), em relação às não fumantes. Na medida do comprimento, observou-se uma diferença significativa entre as fumantes passivas, -0,8cm (IC95%: -1,4 a -0,2;P=0,012) em relação às não fumantes, e entre as fumantes ativas a diferença foi de -1,0cm (IC95%: -1,6 a -0,3;P=0,003), quando comparado às não fumantes. Quanto à medida do perímetro cefálico, não foram observadas diferenças significativas quando os grupos, das fumantes passivas e fumantes ativas, foram comparados ao grupo das não fumantes. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que o fumo passivo durante a gestação pode apresentar efeitos semelhantes aos do fumo ativo nas medidas antropométricas dos recém-nascidos.Objectives: Several studies have documented the association between active smoking during pregnancy to weight, height and head circumference reduction on newborns. However, there are controversies about the passive smoking. The present study sough the elucidation of the effects of tobacco exposition of pregnant women on anthropometric measurements of newborns. Methods: Cross-sectional study, including 200 in labor women, identifying the intensity of their exposition to tobacco through the measurement of urine cotinine and the self reported information about the smoking habit of their relatives and themselves, what allowed us to classify them as non-smokers, passive smokers and active smokers and later the comparison with the anthropometric measurements of newborns. Results: We found a statistically significant difference in weight when comparing passive smokers to non-smokers, -152g (CI 95%: -285 to –18; P=0.026) and the difference found on active smokers was - 159g (CI 95%: -301 to 16; P=0.029) when compared to non-smokers. On the height measurements, a significant difference was found within the group of passive smokers, -0,8 cm (CI 95%: -1,4 to -0.2; P=0.012) comparing to the non-smokers group, within the smokers group the difference was -1,0 cm (CI 95%: -1,6 to -0.3; P=0.003) when compared to nonsmokers. About the measurements of head circumference, no was found a significant difference when the passive smokers and active smokers group was compared to non-smokers group. Conclusions: The results suggest that the passive smoking during pregnancy may present similar effects as the active smoking on the anthropometric measurements of newborns.
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Frisk, Per. "Late Effects After Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Childhood." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3673.
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Jirásek, Lukáš. "Analýza vlivu polohy karoserie závodního vozu na aerodynamické charakteritiky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229397.
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Aim of this diploma thesis is to make sensitivity research concerning influence of vehicle body position on its aerodynamical loading. CAD model was created in Pro/E software. Formula Ford 1600 chassis and vehicle body dimensions were used as a pattern for CAD model. Then this model was imported into CFD environment where ambient medium characteristic were set up. FLUENT software performed calculations and measurement of aerodynamical characteristics of vehicle dependent on height and angle of chassis.
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Granato, Mariana Facchini. "Avaliação da associação entre obesidade e transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade em crianças e adolescentes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-05012016-151846/.
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O presente trabalho avaliou a associação entre duas condições clínicas de grande importância no contexto atual da pediatria: o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) e a obesidade. O projeto foi desenvolvido com pacientes acompanhados no Instituto da Criança do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP) e dividido em 2 braços. No primeiro, realizamos uma análise retrospectiva dos prontuários dos pacientes seguidos no ambulatório de Distúrbios de Aprendizagem com o intuito de estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade em pacientes com diagnóstico de TDAH e comparamos tal prevalência com a de um grupo controle. Em seguida, avaliamos a influência do tratamento medicamentoso do TDAH (metilfenidato) no estado nutricional e estatura dos indivíduos. No segundo braço do estudo, avaliamos os pacientes seguidos no ambulatório de Obesidade a fim de estimar a prevalência de TDAH. A primeira etapa dessa avaliação, ocorreu por meio da aplicação do questionário SNAP-IV. Pacientes que tiveram uma triagem inicial positiva, foram encaminhados para a segunda etapa de avaliação, que consistiu em anamnese clínica e aplicação das seguintes ferramentas: Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para Crianças (WISC-IV), Escala Multidimensional de Ansiedade para Crianças (MASC) e Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). As análises estatísticas foram realizadas através dos testes \"qui-quadrado\" e teste \"T de Student pareado\". Ao final das coletas de dados, 93 pacientes com diagnóstico de TDAH foram incluídos no \"braço 1\" cujos resultados evidenciaram prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade estatisticamente superior à observada no grupo controle (com p < 0,05). Na segunda etapa da avaliação, observamos que após o tratamento com metilfenidato (tempo médio de 2,6 anos) houve uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,01) no Z-score do IMC dos indivíduos, porém não foi observada influência estatisticamente significativa na estatura dos mesmos (p=0,30). Além disso, observamos que 42,1% dos indivíduos que estavam inicialmente nas faixas de sobrepeso/obesidade evoluíram com \"melhora\" do estado nutricional ao final do tratamento. No \"braço 2\" do estudo foram avaliados 103 pacientes, dos quais 37 (35,9%) apresentaram triagem inicial positiva para TDAH sendo convocados para a segunda etapa de avaliação. Desses, 26 participaram da segunda etapa, sendo 2 excluídos pois apresentaram déficit cognitivo. Em 15 pacientes foi confirmado o diagnóstico de TDAH (16,67%). As principais conclusões do trabalho são: (1) a prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade em portadores de TDAH foi estatisticamente superior à observada na população geral; (2) o tratamento medicamentoso do TDAH não teve influência no crescimento estatural dos pacientes, independentemente do tempo de tratamento, mas promoveu uma redução no z-score de IMC dos indivíduos; (3) a prevalência de TDAH observada na amostra de pacientes portadores de obesidade foi estatisticamente superior à observada na população geral (16,7% - 95% IC 8,97-24,37% vs 5,29% - 95% CI=5,01-5,56%); (4) a presença de outras afecções como transtorno depressivo, transtorno de ansiedade e distúrbios do sono não foi significativa a ponto de explicar a associação entre TDAH e obesidade; (5) a ocorrência de ronco é bastante frequente em indivíduos obesos, tanto portadores quanto não portadores de TDAH. As principais limitações do estudo foram: (1) desenho retrospectivo do \"braço 1\"; (2) No \"braço 2\", 11 dos 37 pacientes que tiveram a triagem inicial positiva para TDAH não participaram da segunda etapa de avaliação. Além disso, seria interessante avaliar mais profundamente a ocorrência de distúrbios do sono (através da realização de polissonografia) e de alterações do processamento auditivoThe present study evaluated the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity, two clinical conditions currently of great importance in the field of pediatrics. The project included patients at the Children Institute of the HC-FMUSP (Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo), and were divided into two arms. In the first arm, we retrospectively analyzed the medical records of the ADHD patients at the learning disorder clinic to estimate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and compared this prevalence with that of a control group. Next, we evaluated the effect of ADHD drug treatment (methylphenidate) on nutritional status and height of the patients. In the second arm of the study, we examined the patients at the obesity clinic to estimate the prevalence of ADHD. The first evaluation step involved the use of the SNAP-IV questionnaire. Patients considered to have ADHD on initial screening were included in the second evaluation step, which comprised clinical history examination and the use of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square and paired Student t tests. After data collection, 93 ADHD patients were included in arm 1; these patients showed a statistically higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than the control group (p < 0.05). During the second evaluation step, we found a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the BMI z-score of the individuals after methylphenidate treatment (mean duration of 2.6 years). However, there was no statistically significant effect on height (p=0,30). In addition, we found that 42.1% of patients who were initially overweight/obese evolved with improved nutritional status at the end of treatment. A total of 103 patients were evaluated in arm 2 of the study, among whom 37 (35.9%) found to have ADHD on initial screening were invited for the second evaluation step. Of these patients, 26 consented to participate in the second step. Two patients were excluded because they had cognitive impairment. ADHD was confirmed in 15 patients (16.67%). The main conclusions of the study were as follows: (1) prevalence of overweight/obesity among ADHD patients was statistically higher than that in the general population; (2) ADHD drug treatment did not affect the height of the patients, regardless of treatment duration, but caused a decrease in BMI z-score ; (3) prevalence of ADHD observed in the obese patient sample was statistically higher than that observed in the general population (16.7-95% CI 8.97-24.37% vs. 5.29- 95% CI=5.01-5.56%); (4) presence of other disorders such as depressive, anxiety, and sleep disorders was not sufficient to explain the association between ADHD and obesity; and (5) snoring is common in obese patients, both those with and without ADHD. The limitations of the study were as follows: (1) retrospective design of arm 1; (2) 11 of 37 patients in arm 2 diagnosed with ADHD on initial screening did not participate in the second evaluation step. Additionally, it would be interesting to further evaluate the occurrence of sleep disorders (using polysomnography) and auditory processing disorders
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Arboitte, Miguelangelo Ziegler. "BIÓTIPOS DE NOVILHOS SUPERJOVENS ABERDEEN ANGUS ABATIDOS COM MESMO GRAU DE ACABAMENTO NA CARCAÇA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4317.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of cattle breed Aberdeen Angus steers of small and medium frame score slaughtered the same degree of completion of housing (average 6.39 mm). To 18 steers were used with age and weight of 298 days and 202.17 kg at entry into the confinement. The animals were confined for 158 days and slaughtered at average live weight of 430 days and 428.94 kg. The feed was composed of sorghum silage and concentrate in the ratio of 60:40 in the dry matter in the first 63 days and after 50:50 until slaughter. The frame was calculated using the formula F=-11, 548+0,4878*h*0,0289*ID+0,0000146*ID²+0,0000759*h*ID. Steers with medium frame score showed superiority in important aspects of marketing, as the initial weight (y=107.87+250.04B; P=.0002), final (y=308.14+32.07B; P=.0001), the empty body (y=255.07+30.74B; P<.0001) and hot carcass (y=153.91+21.09B; P<.0001) and cold (y=150.29+20.78B; P<.0001). Measures of muscle content as the Longissimus dorsi area in relation to cold carcass weight (ȳ=32.64-1.53; P=.0477) and empty body (ȳ=16.3-0.55B; P=.0419) were lower in of the carcass. Carcass conformation (P=.4660) Longissimus dorsi area in cm² (P=.6999),cushion thickness (P=.3578) were similar between the small and medium frame score. The commercial cuts, forequarter (ȳ=54.93+7.84B; P<.001), rib (ȳ=21.33+3.31B; P=.009) and back (ȳ=74.02+9.64B; P=.0003) in kg was higher in medium frame score. As a percentage cut back fell .18% with the incrase in frame score (ȳ=49-.18B P.0404). Weight tissue constituents of the carcass increased with the frame score of the steers, as on the percentage muscle tissue decreased by .57% (ȳ=61.63-.57B; P=.0410). The meat of Longissimus dorsi muscle of steers Aberdeen Angus of small and medium frame score showed intramuscular fat with a mean average of 10.11 points (P=.7034), red color with an average of 4.33 points (P=.3724), fine texture with a tendency to thin with an average 4.61 points (P=.3075) and the shear force with an average of 2.72 kg/cm² (P=.4004). Composition chemical of beef Longissimus dorsi muscle frame score steers Aberdeen Angus presented moisture with 72.27% (P=4355), crude protein of 19.34% (P=4150), lipid with 3.96% (P=9071), minerals with 4.43% (P=9842) and cholesterol to 50.25 mg/100g of meat (P=.2375). The small and medium frame score did not influence trhe fatty acids palmitic (P=.0790), stearic (P=.2455), oleic (P=.3046), linoleic (P=.9456), occurring change in the composition fatty acids myristic (y=1,85+0,12F; P=.043). The introduction of the frame score in studies of meat composition may be important in determining the frame score of steers with the nutritional features of the best meat. The medium frame score of Aberdeen Angus steers had higher head weight (y=9.35+.49B; P=.0212), feet (=5.38+.57B; P=.0059), tongue (y=.93+.05B; P=.0154), heart (y=1.45+.07B; P=.0183), inguinal adipose tissue (y=1.79+.21B; P=.0336) and adipose tissue is not part of the carcass plus to this in the meat (y=88.5+3.70B; P=.0086). Steers with small frame score were more (y=1.46-.08B; P=.0407) in the participation of the lungs in relation to empty body weight Aberdeeen Angus Steers. The small and medium frame score did not affect the participation of the rumen-reticulum, abomasums, omasum, intestines and contents of the gastrointestinal tract weight in relation to body weight an empty body weight.
O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho, as características da carcaça, da carne e os componentes não integrantes da carcaça de bovinos da raça Aberdeen Angus superjovens de biótipo pequeno e médio abatidos o mesmo grau de acabamento da carcaça (média de 6,39 mm). Foram utilizados 18 novilhos com idade e peso no ingresso no confinamento de 298 dias e 202,17kg. Os animais foram confinados durante 158 dias, abatidos com idade e peso vivo médio de 430 dias e 428,94kg. A alimentação foi composta por silagem de sorgo e concentrado, na relação volumoso:concentrado de 60:40 na matéria seca, nos primeiros 63 dias e após 50:50 até o abate. O biótipo foi calculado utilizando a fórmula B=-11,548+0,4878*h*0,0289*ID+0,0000146*ID²+0,0000759*h*ID. Os novilhos com biótipo médio apresentaram superioridade nos aspectos importantes de comercialização, como o peso inicial (y=107,87+250,04B; P=0,0002), final (y=308,14+32,07B; P=0,0001), de corpo vazio (y=255,07+30,74B; P<0,0001), de carcaça quente (y=153,91+21,09B; P<0,0001) e fria (y=150,29+20,78B; P<0,0001). As medidas de musculosidade da carcaça como a área de Longissimus dorsi em relação ao peso de carcaça fria (ȳ=32,64-1,53; P=0,0477) e de corpo vazio (ȳ=16,3-0,55B; 0,0419) foram menores nos novilhos de biótipo médio. A conformação da carcaça (P=0,4660), área de Longissimus dorsi em cm² (P=0,6999), espessura de coxão (P=0,3578) foram semelhantes entre os biótipos pequeno e médio. Os cortes comerciais, dianteiro (ȳ=54,93+7,84B; P<0,0001), costilhar (ȳ=21,33+3,31B; P=0,009) e traseiro (ȳ=74,02+9,64B; P=0,0003) em kg foi superior para o biótipo médio. Em percentagem o corte traseiro foi maior no biótipo pequeno (ȳ=49,00-0,18B; P=0,0404). Em peso os tecidos constituintes da carcaça aumentaram com o biótipo do novilho, à percentagem o tecido muscular apresentou queda de 0,57% (ȳ=61,63-0,57B; P=0,0410). A carne do músculo Longissimus dorsi de bovinos superjovens da raça Aberdeen Angus de biótipo pequeno e médio apresentou gordura intramuscular média com média de 10,11 pontos (P=0,7034), coloração vermelha com média de 4,33 pontos (P=0,3724), textura fina com tendência a muito fina com valor médio de 4,61 pontos (P=0,3075) e macia pelo força ao cisalhamento com média de 2,72 kgf/cm² (P=0,4009). O biótipo pequeno e médio apresentaram na carne do músculo Longissimus dorsi proporções de umidade com 72,27% (P=0,4355), de proteína bruta com 19,34% (P=0,4150), de lipídios com 3,96% (P=0,9071), de minerais com 4,43% (P=0,9842) e de colesterol com 50,25 mg/100g de carne (P=0,2375). O biótipo pequeno e médio não influenciaram nos ácidos graxos palmítico (P=0,0790), esteárico (P=0,2455), oléico (P=0,3046), linoléico (P=0,9456), ocorrendo alteração na composição do acido graxo mirístico (y=1,85+0,12B; P=0,043). A introdução do biótipo em estudos da composição da carne pode ser importante na determinação do biótipo de novilhos com melhores características nutraceuticas da carne. O biótipo médio dos novilhos Aberdeen Angus superjovens apresentaram maior peso de cabeça (y=9,35+0,49B; P=0,0212), das patas (y=5,38+0,57B; P=0,0059), da língua (y=0,93+0,05B; P=0,0154), do coração (y=1,45+0,07B; P=0,0183), do tecido adiposo inguinal (y=1,79+0,21B; P=0,0336) e do tecido adiposo não integrante da carcaça somado ao presente na carne (y=88,85+3,70B; P=0,0086). Os novilhos com biótipo pequeno apresentaram superioridade (y=1,46-0,08B; P=0,0407) na participação dos pulmões em relação ao peso de corpo vazio.Os novilhos Aberdeen Angus de biótipo pequeno e médio não alteraram a participação do rúmen-retículo, abomaso, omaso, intestinos e conteúdo do trato gastrointestinal em peso, em relação ao peso vivo e ao peso de corpo vazio.
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Ferreira, Vanessa Roriz. "Peso ao nascer e sua associação com pressão arterial e estado nutricional na adolescência." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3481.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
Individuals with extreme birth weights, consequence of inadequate intrauterine development, are prone to developing diseases in adult life, phenomenon called “programming” or “fetal origin of diseases hypothesis”. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between birth weight, blood pressure and nutritional status of adolescents. It is a cross-sectional study performed in Goiânia/GO in 2010-2011. The study analyzed 829 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18, enrolled in public and private schools of the capital city. It was investigated birth weight, blood pressure, through four office measurements and through home blood pressure and nutritional status, through body mass index by age, height index for the age and waist circumference. Low (< 2.5 kg) and high birth weight (≥ 4 kg) prevalence in this population was 8.7% and 9.0%, respectively. Overweight presented high prevalence in both genders (22.9%), more sharply in boys (29.2%), compared to girls (18.1%) (p<0.01). Low weight reached less than 4% of adolescents, with similar expression between genders. Mild low height occurred in approximately 6% of adolescents, with considerable predominance in females (7.9%) in regard to males (3.9%) (p<0.018). Higher office blood pressure frequency in boys (11.0%) when compared to girls (6.6%) (p=0,029) was observed. Alterations in home blood pressure (3.8%) were significantly below those observed for office blood pressure (8.5%). Low height odds ratio was 2.4 times higher among adolescents with low birth weight (IC 95%= 1.1-5.1; p=0.027). In the simple linear regression analysis, for each 100 g increase in birth weight, height increased by 0.33 cm (IC 95%= 0.23-0.43; p<0.01). After multiple analysis, the increase was of 0.28 cm (IC 95%=0.18-0.37; p<0.01). Birth weight did not influence the blood pressure (office and home) of adolescents (p>0.05). Initially, birth weight elevation increased the body mass index and the waist circumference of adolescents, however, this relation was not sustained statistically significant after adjustment for confounding variables. It is concluded that birth weight is associated to height in adolescence, reinforcing the plausibility of fetal programming. In this perspective, maternal health promotion, focusing on adequate nutrition and prenatal, would increase the survival chance of the newborn and avoid growth problems in childhood and adolescence.
Indivíduos nos extremos de peso ao nascer, consequência de um inadequado desenvolvimento intrauterino, são predispostos a desenvolver doenças na vida adulta, fenômeno denominado “programação” ou “hipótese da origem fetal das doenças”. O objetivo desse estudo foi investigar a associação do peso ao nascer com a pressão arterial e o estado nutricional de adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado em Goiânia/GO em 2010-2011. Foram estudados 829 adolescentes, com idades entre 12 e 18 anos, matriculados em escolas públicas e privadas da capital. Investigou-se o peso ao nascer, a pressão arterial, por meio de quatro medidas casuais e da monitorização residencial da pressão arterial e o estado nutricional, por meio do índice de massa corporal por idade, índice altura para idade e circunferência da cintura. A prevalência de baixo peso ao nascer (< 2,5 kg) e elevado peso ao nascer (≥ 4 kg) nessa população foi de 8,7% e 9,0%, respectivamente. O excesso de peso teve prevalência elevada nos dois sexos (22,9%), de forma mais acentuada nos meninos (29,2%), comparados às meninas (18,1%) (p<0,01). O baixo peso atingiu menos de 4% dos adolescentes, com magnitude semelhante entre os sexos. A baixa estatura leve ocorreu em cerca de 6% dos jovens, com predominância considerável no sexo feminino (7,9%) com relação ao masculino (3,9%) (p<0,018). Foi observada maior frequência de pressão arterial casual elevada nos rapazes (11,0%) que nas moças (6,6%) (p=0,029). As alterações na monitorização residencial (3,8%) ficaram muito aquém das observadas na pressão arterial casual (8,5%). A razão de chances de baixa estatura foi 2,4 vezes maior entre adolescentes com baixo peso ao nascer (IC95%= 1,1-5,1; p=0,027). Na análise de regressão linear simples, para cada aumento de 100 g no peso ao nascer, a estatura aumentou em 0,33 cm (IC 95%= 0,23-0,43; p<0,01). Após análise múltipla, o aumento foi de 0,28 cm (IC 95%=0,18-0,37; p<0,01). O peso ao nascer não influenciou na pressão arterial (casual e residencial) dos adolescentes (p>0,05). Inicialmente, a elevação do peso ao nascer aumentou o índice de massa corporal e a circunferência da cintura dos adolescentes, mas essa relação não se manteve estatisticamente significativa após ajuste por variáveis de confusão. Conclui-se que o peso ao nascer está associado à estatura na adolescência, reforçando a plausibilidade da programação fetal. Nessa perspectiva, a promoção da saúde materna, com enfoque na nutrição e pré-natal adequados, aumentaria a chance de sobrevivência do recém-nascido e evitaria problemas de crescimento na infância e adolescência.
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Funari, Mariana Ferreira de Assis. "Identificação de deleções do gene SHOX: comparação das técnicas de FISH, análise de microssatélites e MLPA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-09022010-174156/.
Full textAbstract:
O gene SHOX (short stature homeobox containing gene), expresso em altos níveis nas células osteogênicas, é fundamental para o desenvolvimento ósseo e para a determinação da altura. Haploinsuficiência do SHOX é responsável por vários fenótipos que envolvem a baixa estatura, como a síndrome de Turner, a discondrosteose de Léri-Weill e a baixa estatura idiopática. Cerca de dois terços das haploinsuficiências são causados por deleções. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma comparação entre três técnicas para detecção de deleções do SHOX: a hibridação in situ com fluorescência (FISH), o estudo de microssatélites e o multiplex ligationdependent probe amplification (MLPA). Nos pacientes sem deleção do SHOX, foi realizado um rastreamento para identificação de mutações de ponto no gene que levassem à sua haploinsuficiência. Foram analisados seis pacientes com discondrosteose de Léri-Weill (DLW) e 20 com baixa estatura desproporcionada (BED). Na técnica de FISH, os cromossomos metafásicos obtidos a partir de cultura de linfócitos foram hibridados com o cosmídio LLNOYCO3M34F5. DNA genômico extraído a partir de leucócitos de sangue periférico foi submetido à análise de microssatélites e MLPA. Foram amplificados seis marcadores de microssatélites (repetições CA, DYS290, DXYS10093, DXYS10096, DXYS233 e DXYS234) e o MLPA foi realizado de acordo com as instruções dos kits SALSA MLPA P018-C1 e P018-D1 SHOX. Estes kits contêm oito sondas específicas para o gene SHOX e 13 para a área do SHOX, localizada a jusante do gene. O seqüenciamento direto da região codificadora do gene foi realizado nos pacientes sem deleção. Todos os pacientes com DLW apresentaram deleções envolvendo todo o gene. Entre os pacientes com BED, apenas um (5,0%) apresentou uma deleção intragênica envolvendo os exons 4, 5 e 6a. Os resultados das três metodologias foram concordantes na maioria dos casos, exceto em dois casos. No primeiro caso, inicialmente o FISH não identificou uma deleção envolvendo todos os éxons em um paciente com DLW. No segundo, uma deleção envolvendo os exons 4, 5 e 6a, identificada em uma paciente com BED, foi detectada apenas pelo MLPA. Ainda entre os pacientes com BED, três (15%) apresentaram deleção da região do marcador DXYS10096, a 3 do gene. Outros três (15%) pacientes apresentaram mutações de ponto identificadas pelo seqüenciamento direto: a mutação p.Tyr35X, que resulta na substituição de uma tirosina por um códon de parada prematuro; a p.Arg147His localizada na região do homeodomínio e a NM_000451:c.1236 -10T>C que se encontra a 10 nucleotídeos antes do início do éxon 5. Em uma comparação das três metodologias, o FISH foi considerado a técnica mais trabalhosa e com menor sensibilidade, levando até oito dias para sua realização. A análise por microssatélites requer o estudo dos progenitores, além de um grande número de marcadores para a análise de regiões extensas. O MLPA detectou todas as deleções, sendo considerada a metodologia mais sensível. Ele apresentou também menor custo e tempo de execução, além de possibilitar a estimativa do tamanho da deleção. Desta forma, o MLPA foi considerado a melhor metodologia para investigação inicial dos pacientes com DLW e BED.The SHOX gene (short stature homeobox containing gene), expressed at high levels in osteogenic cells, is essential for bone development and growth process. SHOX haploinsufficiency is responsible for several phenotypes involving short stature, such as Turner syndrome, Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) and idiopathic short stature. Deletions are responsible for 2/3 of SHOX haploinsufficiency. In this study, a comparison among three techniques for detection of SHOX deletions: fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), microsatellites analysis and multiplex ligationdependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed. A screening for point mutations that could lead to haploinsufficiency was performed in patients without SHOX deletion. Six patients with Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) and 20 with disproportionate short stature (DSS) were analyzed. FISH analysis was performed using the cosmid LLNOYCO3\"M\"34F5 and metaphase spreads obtained from lymphocytes culture. Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes was used to microsatellite and MLPA analysis. Six microsatellite markers (CA repeats, DYS290, DXYS10093, DXYS10096, DXYS233 and DXYS234) were amplified by PCR and MLPA was performed according to the manufacturers instructions for SALSA MLPA P018 and P018-C1-D1 SHOX kits. These kits contain 8 specific probes for SHOX gene and 13 for \"SHOX area, which is located downstream of the gene. The direct sequencing of entire encoding region was performed in patients with no SHOX deletions. All patients with LWD presented deletions involving the entire gene. One (5.0%) patient with DSS, presented an intragenic deletion involving exons 4, 5 and 6a. The results of the three methods were concordant in most cases, except in two cases. In the first case, a patient with DLW, the FISH did not identify a deletion involving all SHOX exons. In the second case, a deletion of exons 4, 5 and 6a in a patient with BED was identified only by MLPA. Other 3 (15%) DSS patients had deletion in SHOX area, in the DXYS10096 marker. Other three (15%) patients presented a point mutation identified by direct sequencing: p.Tyr35X, which replaces a tyrosine for a premature stop codon, p.Arg147His located in the homeodomain region and NM_000451: c.1236-10T> C which is 10 nucleotides before the exon 5. In a comparison of three methods, the FISH technique was considered the more laborious and less sensitive, taking until eight days to obtain the results. The microsatellite analysis requires the parents DNA study. In addition, several markers are essential for the analysis of extensive regions. The MLPA was considered the most sensitive methodology since it detected all deletions. It also presented lower cost and execution time, and allowed the estimation of the size of the deletion. Thus, the MLPA was considered the best approach for initial investigation of LWD and DSS patients.
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Scalco, Renata da Cunha. "Estudo da mutação da STAT5B em Criciúma-Santa Catarina: frequência e caracterização fenotípica de indivíduos heterozigotos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-24112015-101444/.
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Mutações inativadoras em homozigose no gene do transdutor de sinal e ativador de transcrição 5B (STAT5B) causam insensibilidade ao hormônio de crescimento associada a disfunção imunológica grave que se manifesta na forma de infecções exacerbadas e de repetição, pneumonia intersticial linfocítica e outros eventos autoimunes. A caracterização do fenótipo destas mutações em heterozigose não foi realizada previamente. Dois pacientes descritos com mutação em homozigose na STAT5B (c.424_427del / p.L142RfsX19) são irmãos brasileiros naturais de Criciúma - Santa Catarina, sem consanguinidade conhecida na família. Houve também o relato de dois outros casos semelhantes na cidade, já falecidos, sugerindo que mutações na STAT5B pudessem ser relativamente frequentes nesta região. Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar a frequência da mutação c.424_427del da STAT5B na população de Criciúma, avaliar a existência de efeito fundador e caracterizar o efeito da mutação c.424_427del da STAT5B em heterozigose sobre o fenótipo antropométrico e hormonal. Para investigar a frequência desta mutação em Criciúma, 1192 indivíduos da população foram genotipados. Foram identificados sete indivíduos heterozigotos, caracterizando uma frequência alélica mínima de 0,29% (intervalo de confiança 95%: 0,08 a 0,5%), significativamente mais alta que a frequência de outras variantes patogênicas da STAT5B descritas em bases de dados públicas. Utilizando-se o equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, foi possível estimar a incidência de casos de homozigotos para o alelo mutado em um a cada 40 anos. No entanto, utilizando-se a maior frequência possível de acordo com o intervalo de confiança, esta incidência poderia atingir um a cada 13 anos. Além disso, foram estudados os pais dos dois casos relatados como semelhantes aos pacientes homozigotos para mutações na STAT5B e estes pais eram portadores da mutação c.424_427del da STAT5B em heterozigose. Para avaliar o efeito fundador, foram analisados dois marcadores próximos à mutação c.424_427del da STAT5B nos pacientes homozigotos para a mesma, em 33 indivíduos heterozigotos de sete famílias independentes e em 53 indivíduos controles. O mesmo haplótipo estava presente nos pacientes homozigotos para a mutação e em todos os heterozigotos, enquanto em apenas 9,4% dos controles (p < 0,001), apontando a probabilidade de que a mutação c.424_427del nas diferentes famílias tenha sido herdada de um antepassado em comum. Para avaliar o efeito da mutação c.424_427del da STAT5B em heterozigose, foram comparados em conjunto os 33 indivíduos heterozigotos e os 38 familiares não portadores em relação à altura e a alguns exames laboratoriais (gerais e hormonais). Os indivíduos heterozigotos foram significativamente mais baixos, com uma redução na altura de 0,6 desvios-padrão (p= 0,006). Também apresentaram redução significativa dos desvios-padrão de fator de crescimento insulina-símile 1 (IGF-1) e da proteína 3 de ligação a fator de crescimento insulina-símile (IGFBP-3), sem alteração em outros exames. Esses achados mostram que as mutações na STAT5B em heterozigose causam um impacto negativo significativo na altura, mais leve que o visto em pacientes com mutações em homozigose, com altura dentro da variação normal. Esse resultado favorece a hipótese de que variantes patogênicas raras em heterozigose contribuem para a variabilidade da altura normalHomozygous inactivating mutations in signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B gene (STAT5B) cause growth hormone insensitivity associated with signs of severe immune dysfunction, such as recurrent infections, lymphoid interstitial pneumonia and other autoimmune events. The phenotypic characterization of these mutations in heterozygous state has not been accomplished previously. Two patients with a homozygous STAT5B mutation (c.424_427del / p.L142RfsX19) are Brazilian brothers born in the city of Criciúma, Santa Catarina, and there is not known consanguinity in their family. Moreover, there was a report about two similar cases in this city, already deceased, suggesting that STAT5B mutations could be relatively frequent in this region. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of STAT5B c.424_427del mutation in Criciúma, to assess the existence of the founder effect and to characterize the effect of heterozygous STAT5B c.424_427del mutation on anthropometric and hormonal phenotypes. To evaluate the frequency of this mutation in Criciúma, 1192 individuals from the population were genotyped. Seven heterozygous individuals were identified, which characterized a minimum allele frequency of 0.29% (95% confidence interval: 0.08 to 0.5%), significantly higher than the frequency of other pathogenic variants described in public databases. By using the Hardy-Weinberg law, it was possible to estimate the incidence of cases of individuals homozygous for this mutation at one every 40 years. However, by using the highest possible frequency according to the confidence interval, this incidence could reach one every 13 years. Additionally, the parents of the two reported cases who were similar to patients with homozygous STAT5B mutations were genotyped and these parents were heterozygous for STAT5B c.424_427del mutation. To assess the founder effect, two markers near the mutation were analyzed in the two boys homozygous for STAT5B c.424_427del mutation, in 33 heterozygous individuals from seven unrelated families and in 53 control individuals. The same haplotype was present in the homozygous boys and in all heterozygous individuals, while in only 9,4% control individuals (p < 0,001), pointing to the probability that STAT5B c.424_427del mutation in different families has been inherited from a common ancestor. To study the effects of heterozygous STAT5B c.424_427del mutation, 33 heterozygous individuals were compared to 38 non-carrier relatives on height and some laboratorial tests. Heterozygous individuals were significantly shorter than their noncarrier relatives, with a height reduction of 0.6 standard deviation scores (p= 0,006). Furthermore, they had a significant reduction in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) standard deviation scores, without differences in the other exams. These findings show that heterozygous STAT5B mutations cause a significant negative impact on height, milder than the effect seen in patients with homozygous mutations, with height within the normal range. This result favors the hypothesis that rare pathogenic variants in heterozygous state contribute to normal height variability
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Ferreira, Lize Vargas. ""Estudo do gene PTPN11 em pacientes com a síndrome de Noonan e crianças com baixa estatura idiopática"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-02092005-100524/.
Full textAbstract:
A síndrome de Noonan (SN), caracterizada por baixa estatura, aspectos dismórficos e cardiopatia congênita, foi associada ao gene PTPN11. Estudamos o PTPN11 em pacientes com SN, pais de portadores de mutação e crianças com baixa estatura idiopática (BEI) que apresentam estigmas sugestivos da SN, sem critérios suficientes para o diagnóstico. Encontramos mutações missense em heterozigoze no PTPN11 em 42,3% dos pacientes com SN. Não identificamos alterações nos pais de portadores de mutação no PTPN11 com fenótipo normal tampouco em crianças com BEI. A única diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos com e sem mutação foi a resposta em longo prazo ao hGH, melhor no grupo sem mutaçãoNoonan syndrome (NS), characterized by short stature, dysmorphic facial and thoracic features and congenital heart disease, was associated to PTPN11 gene. We studied the PTPN11 in patients with NS, parents of mutation-positive NS patients and idiopathic short stature children with signs related to NS without fulfilling the diagnostic criteria. We found missense mutations in 42.3% of the NS group. Parents of NS mutation-positive patients did not present mutations, nor did children with short stature. The only statistically significant difference between groups with and without mutations was response to long term use of hGH, better on the mutation-negative group
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Kuba, Valesca Mansur. "Avaliação da relação entre circunferência abdominal e altura como preditora de risco cardiometabólico em crianças de 6 a 10 anos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-25042012-102817/.
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Os objetivos do estudo foram correlacionar a razão entre a circunferência abdominal e altura (CA/A) e o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) com as variáveis cardiometabólicas e inflamatórias em escolares de seis a 10 anos; avaliar a frequência de sobrepeso/obesidade e alterações cardiometabólicas e comparar o desempenho dos referenciais de índice de massa corpórea (IMC) do Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 (CDC) e Organização Mundial de Saúde 2007 (OMS) no diagnóstico de sobrepeso/obesidade e alterações cardiometabólicas. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal, que incluiu 175 crianças, provenientes do Centro de Referência para Tratamento da Criança e do Adolescente (CRTCA), em Campos, Rio de Janeiro. As crianças foram divididas segundo os escores z do CDC e OMS em: não obesas (z do IMC <1) e sobrepeso/obesidade (z do IMC > 1). As variáveis cardiometabólicas analisadas foram: pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), glicose, lipoproteínas de baixa e alta densidades (LDL e HDL, respectivamente), triglicerídeos (TG), HOMA-IR. Como variáveis inflamatórias, analisamos proteína C reativa ultra-sensível (PCR) e leucometria. Resultados: a média da CA/A do grupo sobrepeso/obesidade foi maior que a do não obeso (0,58 ± 0,007 e 0,45 ± 0,004, respectivamente, p< 0,0001). Houve correlação significativa da CA/A com os escores z do IMC (r = 0,88, p < 0,0001), PAS (r= 0,51, p<0,0001), PAD (r= 0,49, p<0,0001), HOMA-IR (r=0,83, p<0,0001), HDL (r = -0,28, p< 0,0002), TG (r= 0,26, p<0,0006), LDL (r= 0,25, p<0,0008) e PCR (r= 0,51, p<0,0001). Contudo, a CA/A não se correlacionou com glicemia nem leucócitos. A sensibilidade da CA/A se equivaleu à do IMC no diagnóstico das alterações cardiometabólicas. A sensibilidade mais elevada da CA/A foi para o diagnóstico de alteração da PAS (80,0 %), PAD (76,6%) e HOMA-IR (92,6%). O ponto de corte superior a 0,47 foi sensível para o diagnóstico de resistência insulínica, mas acima de 0,50, para os demais distúrbios cardiometabólicos. A frequência de sobrepeso/obesidade nos escolares foi igual a 49,7%. Com exceção de hipertrigliceridemia, todas as outras alterações cardiometabólicas foram mais frequentes no grupo sobrepeso/obesidade (aumento de PA, p<0,0001; glicemia de jejum alterada, p < 0,0048; aumento de LDL, p< 0,015 e redução do HDL, p<0,0001). O referencial da OMS 2007 reclassificou 11 crianças a mais como obesas que o CDC, que apresentaram médias de escores z de PAS (1,71 ± 1,54), PAD (2,64 ± 1,83) e HOMA-IR (1,84 ± 0,98) semelhantes às médias das obesas (PAS = 1,25 ± 2,04; PAD = 1,94 ± 1,19 e HOMA-IR = 2,09 ± 1,12), mas superiores às médias das classificadas como sobrepeso (PAS = 0,49 ± 1,34, p < 0,023; PAD = 1,45 ± 0,97, p < 0,04 e HOMA-IR = 1,24 ± 0,67, p < 0,04 ). Conclusões: a razão CA/A foi tão sensível quanto IMC da OMS 2007 no diagnóstico do risco cardiometabólico e inflamatório. O referencial da OMS 2007 foi o mais sensível não só para o rastreamento de sobrepeso/obesidade, como também para pressão arterial elevada e resistência insulínica, em escolares de seis a 10 anosThis study aims to correlate the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the body mass index (BMI) with the cardiometabolic and inflammatory variables in 6-10 year-old school children; to evaluated the frequency of overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic disturbances, and to compare the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) references in the diagnosis of overweight/obesity and the cardiometabolic disturbances. Methods: a cross-sectional study which included 175 subjects, selected from the Reference Center for the Treatment of Children and Adolescents, in Campos, Rio de Janeiro. The subjects were classified according to the 2000 CDC and 2007 OMS BMI z scores as non obese (BMI < 1) and overweight/obese ones (BMI > 1). The analized cardiometabolic variables were systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP respectively), fasting glycemia, low and high density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL respectively), trigliceride (TG), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). As inflammatory markers we analized the ultra-sensitive Creactive protein (CRP) and the leucocyte count. Results: the WHtR mean of the overweight/obese group was higher than that of the non obese ones (0,58 ± 0,007 and 0,45 ± 0,004, respectively,p < 0,0001). There was correlation between the WHtR and BMI z score (r = 0,88, p < 0,0001), SBP (r = 0,51, p < 0,0001), DBP (r = 0,49, p < 0,0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0,83, p < 0,0001), HDL (r = -0,28, p < 0,0002, TG (r= 0,26, p < 0,0006), LDL (r = 0,25, p < 0,0008), and CRP (r = 0, 51, p < 0.0001). However, the WHtR was neither correlated with glycemia nor with the leucocyte count. The WHtR sensitivity was equivalent to that of the BMI in the diagnosis of all cardiometabolic variables. The highest WHtR sensitivity was to diagnose the SBP (80,0%), DBP (76,6%) and HOMA-IR (92,6%) alterations. The WHtR cut-off higher than 0,47 pointed out to insulin resistance diagnosis, but higher than 0,5, it did to the other metabolic disturbances. The frequency of overweight/obesity was 49,7% in these school children. Except for hypertriglyceridemia, all the remaining cardiometabolic disturbances were more frequent in the overweight/obese group. The 2007 WHO BMI reference reclassified 11 children more as obese than the 2000 CDC, who had means of SBP (1,71 ± 1,54) and DBP z scores (2,64 ± 1,83) and HOMA-IR (1,84 ± 0,98) similar to those of the obese ones (SBP = 1,25 ± 20,4; DBP = 1,94 ± 1,1 and HOMA-IR = 2,09 ± 1,12), but higher than those of the classified as overweight (SBP= 0,49 ± 1,34, p<0,023; DBP= 1,45 ± 0,97, p<0,04 and HOMA-IR= 1,24 ± 0,67, p<0,04). Conclusions: the WHtR was so sensitive as the 2007 WHO BMI z score in diagnosing the cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk. The 2007 WHO reference was the most sensitive not only to screen obesity, but also the high blood pressure and insulin resistance, in 6-10-year-old children
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Crês, Maria Cristina. "Avaliação do crescimento e desenvolvimento puberal de crianças e adolescentes de 10 a 18 e 6 meses com fissuras labiopalatinas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/61/61132/tde-14012015-095552/.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudo avaliou o crescimento físico e desenvolvimento puberal de crianças e adolescentes de 10 anos a 18 anos e 6 meses com fissuras labiopalatinas (FLP). Foi realizado um estudo descritivo transversal, de uma amostra com 346 pacientes com fissuras labiopalatinas, atendidas no ambulatório do Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP), Bauru, São Paulo. Os pacientes foram analisados separadamente por gênero e foram agrupados de acordo com o tipo de fissura em três grupos: Grupo 1 - fissura de lábio isolado (FLI); Grupo 2 - fissura de lábio e palato (FL+P); e Grupo 3 - fissura de palato isolado (FPI). Foram excluídos os pacientes com síndromes associadas, ou com doenças que comprometam o estado geral e o crescimento. Foram obtidas medidas de peso e estatura. Para o cálculo do percentil e do escore z da estatura e do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi utilizado o programa WHO AnthroPlus (version 1.0.4, 2009). O estadiamento puberal foi avaliado segundo os Estágios de Tanner. Para comparar as estaturas entre os pacientes dos três grupos de FLP, nos diferentes Estágios de Tanner, foi utilizado o teste de ANOVA. O IMC dos meninos e das meninas, a frequência de puberdade atrasada nos meninos e meninas e a frequência de puberdade precoce nas meninas, com FLP, foi semelhante ao esperado para adolescentes da população geral. A estatura das meninas com FPI foi significantemente menor que a das meninas com outros tipos de FLP, mas somente nos estágios finais do desenvolvimento puberal. Não foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre as estaturas dos meninos com diferentes tipos de FLP, para a faixa etária estudada.This study evaluated growth and puberty in children and adolescents from 10 to 18 years and 6 months of age with cleft lip and palate(CLP). A descriptive cross-sectional study of a sample of 346 patients with cleft lip and palate treated at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP), Bauru, São Paulo was performed. Patients were analyzed separately by gender and were grouped according to the type of cleft into three groups: Group 1 - isolated cleft lip (ICL); Group 2 - cleft lip and palate (CL+P); and Group 3 - cleft palate alone (ICP). Patients with associated syndromes or diseases that compromise the overall status and growth were excluded. Measurements of weight and height were obtained. To calculate the percentile and z-score for height and Body Mass Index (BMI) WHO AnthroPlus program (version 1.0.4, 2009) was used. The pubertal stage was assessed according to Tanner stages. For comparison of height among three groups of patients with CLP in different stages of Tanner, the ANOVA test was used. The BMI of boys and girls, the frequency of delayed puberty in boys and girls and the frequency of precocious puberty in girls with CLP were similar to those expected for the general population of adolescents. The height of girls with ICP was significantly lower than girls with other type of CLP, but only in the final stages of pubertal development. No significant differences were found between the height of children with different types of FLP, for the age group studied.
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Silva, Leide Irislayne Macena da Costa e. "O efeito intergeracional no peso ao nascer e suas relações com as condições maternas, em crianças nascidas a termo no Hospital Universitário da USP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-08122014-152936/.
Full textAbstract:
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Vários estudos têm mostrado o peso ao nascer de ambos os pais como preditor do peso de nascimento do descendente, com correlação mais fortemente transmitida através da linhagem materna, sugerindo que exposições desfavoráveis à mãe desde a sua própria vida intrauterina até os períodos de pré-concepção e gestacional, além dos genes herdados, influenciam o tamanho ao nascimento da prole. A preocupação atual se relaciona ao ciclo intergeracional do baixo peso ao nascer ou do peso ao nascer elevado entre gerações, com todos os agravos imediatos e a longo prazo que estão implicados em nascer pequeno para a idade gestacional e/ou baixo peso ou grande para a idade gestacional e/ou macrossômico. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de estudar a correlação entre o peso ao nascer da criança com o peso ao nascer da mãe, com as condições maternas, em crianças nascidas a termo no Hospital Universitário da USP (HU-USP). MÉTODOS: Foram identificados 773 binômios mães-crianças, 773 crianças nascidas de 558 mães, com a informação documentada do peso ao nascer tanto do bebê quanto da mãe. As informações referentes aos antecedentes maternos, pré-natal e parto, e as medidas antropométricas de nascimento da criança e da mãe foram obtidas através do registro em prontuários, sendo 83,8% das mães nascidas no HU-USP. Foram constituídos grupos de estudo de peso ao nascer da criança [< 2.500 gramas (g) e >= 3.500 gramas (g)], e também foi realizado o estudo do comprimento ao nascer da criança <= 47,5cm (quartil inferior). Foram utilizados Chi-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher, Spearman\'s Rho, e Odds-Ratio para investigar as relações entre o peso e comprimento ao nascer das crianças com variáveis maternas e das próprias crianças. RESULTADOS: As meninas (nascidas entre 1999-2014) foram mais pesadas ao nascer do que as suas mães (nascidas entre 1972-1998), com uma média no aumento do peso ao nascer de 79g entre as duas gerações. O peso ao nascer da criança < 2.500g não apresentou correlação alguma com o peso ao nascer materno < 2.500g (Fisher 0,264*; Spearman´s Rho 0,048; OR 2,1 e OR lower 0,7), e com a estatura materna na gestação no quartil inferior (< 157cm) (Chi2 sig 0,323; com Spearman´s Rho 0,036; OR 1,5 e OR lower 0,7). O baixo peso ao nascer da criança (< 2.500g) foi levemente correlacionado com o uso de drogas pela mãe durante a gestação (Fisher 0,083*; Spearman´s Rho 0,080;OR 4,9 e OR lower 1,0). O peso ao nascer da criança < 2.500g mostrou correlação acentuada com a idade gestacional menor que 38 semanas e 3 dias (Chi2 sig 0,002; Spearman´s Rho 0,113; OR 3,2 e OR lower 1,5). O peso ao nascer da criança >= 3.500g apresentou forte correlação com o peso ao nascer materno >= 3.500g (Chi2 sig 0; Spearman´s Rho +0,142; OR 0,5** e OR upper 0,7); sendo que quanto maior o IMC pré-gestacional da mãe maior a correlação com o peso de nascimento da criança >= 3.500g [(IMC materno pré gestacional >= 25,0 kg/m2 com Chi2 sig 0,013; Spearman´s Rho 0,09; OR 1,54 e OR upper 2,17) e (IMC materno pré gestacional >= 30,0 kg/m2 com Chi2 sig 0; Spearman´s Rho 0,137; OR 2,58 e OR upper 4,26)]. O peso ao nascer da criança >= 3.500g também foi correlacionado com o parto cesareano (Chi2 sig 0; Spearman´s Rho +0,132; OR 0,5** e OR upper 0,8). O comprimento ao nascer da criança no quartil inferior (<= 47,5cm) mostrou-se significante em mães que nasceram com peso < 3.500g (Chi2 sig 0; Spearman´s Rho -0,154; OR 3,2** e OR lower 1,8). O comprimento ao nascer da criança <= 47,5cm apresentou forte correlação com o uso de drogas pela mãe durante a gestação (Chi2 sig 0,004; Spearman´s Rho 0,105; OR 4,3 e OR lower 1,5). O comprimento ao nascer da criança <= 47,5cm apresentou tênue correlação com a estatura materna no quartil inferior (< 157cm) e com o tabagismo na gestação, evidenciados pelo Chi2 sig 0,012; Spearman´s Rho 0,091; OR 1,6 e OR lower 1,1 e Chi2 sig 0,012; Spearman´s Rho 0,091; OR 1,7 e OR lower 1,1, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: O peso de nascimento da mãe >= 3.500g e o sobrepeso ou obesidade pré-gestacional materna foram correlacionados com o peso ao nascer da criança >= 3.500g e maior comprimento ao nascer do recém-nascido, acoplado à tendência do aumento do peso ao nascer entre gerações de mães e filhas. Também, os descendentes com menores comprimentos ao nascimento são os filhos das mulheres com as mais baixas estaturas. A co-existência do ciclo intergeracional da obesidade e da \"falência do crescimento\" se mostrou presente na população estudadaBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Many studies have shown that both parents\' birth weight acts as a predictor for the descendant birth weight, with the correlation more strongly transmitted through maternal line. This suggests that adverse expositions to the mother, from her own intrauterine life until the pre-conception and pregnancy periods, in addition to the inherited genes, influences the size of the offspring at birth. The current preoccupation relates to the intergenerational cycle of low birth weight or increased birth weight between the generations, with all the immediate and long term aggravations that are implied in small birth size for the gestational age and/or low birth weight or large birth size for the gestational age and/or macrosomic. The present research aims to study the correlation between the child\'s birth weight with the mother\'s birth weight, and maternal conditions, in term infants born in the \"Hospital Universitário\" from the University of São Paulo. METHODS: 773 mother-infant binomials were identified (773 children born from 558 mothers) with information on both the baby\'s and the mother\'s birth weight recorded. The information referring to maternal antecedents, pre-natal, parturition and birth anthropometric measures of the infant and the mother were obtained through the registrations of their medical recordes. 83.8% of the mothers were born in the \"Hospital Universitário\". Group studies were constituted, dividing the sample according to birth weight [< 2.500 grams (g) and >= 3.500 grams (g)]. The length at birth was also studied in children <= 47,5cm (lower quartile). Chi-squared test or Fisher\'s exact test, Spearman\'s Rho and Odds-Ratio were performed in order to investigate the relation between the children\'s weight and length at birth and the mothers\' and children\'s variables. RESULTS: The girls (born between 1999 and 2014) were heavier at birth than their mothers (born between 1972 and 1998), with an average increase at birth weight between the generations of 79 grams. The child\'s birth weight < 2.500 grams did not show any correlation with maternal birth weight < 2.500 grams (Fisher 0.264*; Spearman\'s Rho 0.048; OR 2.1 and OR lower 0.7) nor with maternal stature below the lower quartile (< 157cm) (Chi2 sig 0.323; with Spearman\'s Rho 0.036; OR 1.5 and OR lower 0.7). The child\'s low birth weight (< 2.500g) was lightly correlated with drug use by the mother during pregnancy (Fisher 0.083*; Spearman\'s Rho 0.080; OR 4.9 and OR lower 1.0). The child\'s birth weight < 2.500g showed increased correlation with gestational age lower than 38 weeks and 3 days (Chi2 sig 0.002; Spearman\'s Rho 0.113; OR 3.2 and OR lower 1.5). The child\'s weight at birth >= 3.500g showed strong correlation with maternal weight at birth >= 3.500g (Chi2 sig 0; Spearman\'s Rho +0.142; OR 0.5** and OR upper 0.7). It was also revealed that the higher the maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, the stronger the correlation with child\'s birth weight >= 3.500g was [(maternal pre-pregnancy BMI >= 25,0 kg/m2 with Chi2 sig 0.013; Spearman\'s Rho 0.09; OR 1.54 and OR upper 2.17) and (maternal pre-pregnancy BMI >= 30,0 kg/m2 with Chi2 sig 0; Spearman\'s Rho 0.137; OR 2.58 and OR upper 4.26)]. The child\'s weight at birth >= 3.500g was also correlated with Caesarean section (Chi2 sig 0; Spearman\'s Rho +0.132; OR 0.5** and OR upper 0.8). Child\'s length at birth in the lower quartile (<= 47,5cm) was significant in mothers who were born with weight < 3.500g (Chi2 sig 0; Spearman\'s Rho -0.154; OR 3.2** and OR lower 1.8). The child\'s length at birth <= 47,5cm showed strong correlation with drug use by the mother during pregnancy (Chi2 sig 0.004; Spearman\'s Rho 0.105; OR 4.3 and OR lower 1.5). The child\'s length at birth <= 47,5cm showed tenuous correlation with maternal stature in the lower quartile (< 157cm) and with gestational smoking, demonstrated by Chi2 sig 0.012; Spearman\'s Rho 0.091; OR 1.6 and OR lower 1.1 and Chi2 sig 0.012; Spearman\'s Rho 0.091; OR 1.7 and OR lower 1.1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The mother\'s weight at birth >= 3.500g and the prenatal overweight or obesity were correlated with the child\'s weight at birth >= 3.500g and increased length at birth of the newborn, coupled with the tendency of increasing birth weight between generations of mothers and daughters. Also, descendants with smaller length at birth are the children of women with the lowest statures. The coexistence of the intergenerational vicious cycle of obesity and of \"growth failure\" was found on the studied population
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Vasques, Gabriela de Andrade. "Mutações em heterozigose no gene do receptor tipo B dos peptídeos natriuréticos (NPR2) são causa de baixa estatura inicialmente classificada como idiopática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-04022016-102040/.
Full textAbstract:
Nos últimos anos, o sistema do peptídeo natriurético do tipo C (CNP) e seu receptor (NPR-B) foi apontado como um importante regulador do processo de ossificação endocondral. Vários estudos em animais evidenciam o seu papel de estímulo à proliferação e diferenciação de condrócitos e secreção de matriz extracelular. Mutações bialélicas com perda de função do gene do NPR-B (NPR2) levam a uma doença denominada displasia acromesomélica do tipo Maroteaux (AMDM), uma displasia esquelética caracterizada por baixa estatura extrema. Observa-se que familiares de pacientes com AMDM carreadores de mutação no NPR2 têm estatura abaixo da média da população a qual pertencem, sugerindo um papel de mutações em heterozigose do NPR2 como causadoras de baixa estatura idiopática (BEI). Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a presença de mutações no gene NPR2 em um grupo de pacientes com BEI e correlacionar os achados moleculares com o fenótipo dos pacientes e familiares. A região codificadora do gene NPR2 foi sequenciada pelo método de Sanger em 60 pacientes com diagnóstico de BEI. Foram identificadas cinco diferentes variantes alélicas missense em heterozigose no NPR2, cada uma em um único paciente. Essas variantes foram submetidas à análise funcional in vitro para avaliação da atividade da guanililciclase e microscopia confocal para localização intracelular dos receptores NPR-B. As variantes c.226T > C / p.Ser76Pro, c.788G > C / p.Arg263Pro e c.2455C > T / p.Arg819Cys segregam com o fenótipo de baixa estatura dentro das famílias e determinam um prejuízo funcional ao NPR-B. As três variantes geram proteínas que exercem efeito dominante negativo e os receptores NPR-B com as mutações p.Ser76Pro e p.Arg263Pro não se localizam na membrana celular. As variantes c.491C > G / p.Ala164Gly e c.1636A > T / p.Asn546Tyr não segregam com o fenótipo de baixa estatura nas famílias e não se evidenciou um efeito dominante negativo. O escore-Z da altura dos indivíduos carreadores das variantes funcionalmente deletérias variou de -4,5 a -1,7. Um dos pacientes e dois familiares apresentam desproporção corporal e um paciente tem metacarpos curtos. Como conclusão, mutações em heterozigose no gene NPR2 são causa de baixa estatura em 3 de 60 pacientes com diagnóstico inicial de BEI (5% da nossa casuística). Os indivíduos afetados têm graus variados de baixa estatura, sem um fenótipo característicoOver the past several years, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) and its receptor (NPR-B) system has emerged as an important regulator of endochondral bone growth. Animal models showed a CNP/NPR-B role in promoting chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation and matrix synthesis. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in NPR-B gene (NPR2) cause acromesomelic dysplasia type Maroteux (AMDM), a skeletal dysplasia with extreme short stature. Relatives of patients with AMDM, heterozygous for NPR2 mutations, were noted to be shorter than expected for their population of origin, suggesting that heterozygous mutations in NPR2 could be a cause of idiopathic short stature (ISS). The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of NPR2 mutations in a group of patients with ISS and to correlate molecular findings with phenotype. The NPR2 coding region was sequenced by Sanger\'s method in 60 patients with ISS. Five different heterozygous missense variants in NPR2 were identified in five patients. The functional consequences of those variants were established using in vitro cell-based assay to determine guanylate cyclase activity and confocal microscopy to determine intracellular localization of NPR-B. The variants c.226T > C / p.Ser76Pro, c.788G > C / p.Arg263Pro and c.2455C > T / p.Arg819Cys segregated with short stature phenotype and were functionally deleterious. NPR-B receptors with these three variants have a dominantnegative effect and p.Ser76Pro and p.Arg263Pro NPR-B were not localized in the cell membrane. Cosegregation analysis of the variants c.491C > G / p.Ala164Gly and c.1636A > T / p.Asn546Tyr was inconclusive and they did not have a dominant negative effect. Carriers of functionally deleterious variants have a height SD score that ranged from -4.5 to -1.7. One of these patients and two relatives have disproportionate short stature and one has shortened metacarpal. In conclusion, heterozygous mutations in NPR2 gene are cause of short stature in 3 of 60 patients initially classified as ISS (5% of our cohort). Affected individuals have variable degrees of short stature without a distinct phenotype