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Journal articles on the topic 'Body illusion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Metral, Morgane, Corentin Gonthier, Marion Luyat, and Michel Guerraz. "Body Schema Illusions: A Study of the Link between the Rubber Hand and Kinesthetic Mirror Illusions through Individual Differences." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6937328.

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Background. The well-known rubber hand paradigm induces an illusion by having participants feel the touch applied to a fake hand. In parallel, the kinesthetic mirror illusion elicits illusions of movement by moving the reflection of a participant’s arm. Experimental manipulation of sensory inputs leads to emergence of these multisensory illusions. There are strong conceptual similarities between these two illusions, suggesting that they rely on the same neurophysiological mechanisms, but this relationship has never been investigated. Studies indicate that participants differ in their sensitivi

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Frisco, Francesca, Vito Bruno, Daniele Romano, and Giorgia Tosi. "I am where I believe my body is: The interplay between body spatial prediction and body ownership." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (2024): e0314271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314271.

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Body ownership refers to the feeling that the body belongs to oneself. This study explores how our ability to predict our body’s location in space influences feelings of ownership and disownership towards it, comparing two illusion techniques: the virtual Rubber Hand Illusion (vRHI) and the first-person perspective Full-Body Illusion (1pp-FBI). Participants were exposed to each illusion, where they observed a virtual body aligned or misaligned with their own. Participants observed the virtual body for 60s (i.e., visual exposure) and then experienced the multisensory body illusion. During the i

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Portingale, Jade, David Butler, and Isabel Krug. "Does Identifying with Another Face Alter Body Image Disturbance in Women with an Eating Disorder? An Enfacement Illusion Study." Nutrients 17, no. 11 (2025): 1861. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111861.

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Background/Objectives: Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) experience stronger body illusions than control participants, suggesting that abnormalities in multisensory integration may underlie distorted body perception in these conditions. These illusions can also temporarily reduce body image disturbance. Given the centrality of the face to identity and social functioning—and emerging evidence of face image disturbance in EDs—this study examined, for the first time, whether individuals with EDs exhibit heightened susceptibility to a facial illusion (the enfacement illusion) and whether exp

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Swinkels, Lieke M. J., Harm Veling, and Hein T. van Schie. "The Redundant Signals Effect and the Full Body Illusion: not Multisensory, but Unisensory Tactile Stimuli Are Affected by the Illusion." Multisensory Research 34, no. 6 (2021): 553–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-bja10046.

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Abstract During a full body illusion (FBI), participants experience a change in self-location towards a body that they see in front of them from a third-person perspective and experience touch to originate from this body. Multisensory integration is thought to underlie this illusion. In the present study we tested the redundant signals effect (RSE) as a new objective measure of the illusion that was designed to directly tap into the multisensory integration underlying the illusion. The illusion was induced by an experimenter who stroked and tapped the participant’s shoulder and underarm, while

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Kishore, Sameer, Mar González-Franco, Christoph Hintemüller, et al. "Comparison of SSVEP BCI and Eye Tracking for Controlling a Humanoid Robot in a Social Environment." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 23, no. 3 (2014): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00192.

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Recent advances in humanoid robot technologies have made it possible to inhabit a humanlike form located at a remote place. This allows the participant to interact with others in that space and experience the illusion that the participant is actually present in the remote space. Moreover, with these humanlike forms, it may be possible to induce a full-body ownership illusion, where the robot body is perceived to be one's own. We show that it is possible to induce the full-body ownership illusion over a remote robotic body with a highly robotic appearance. Additionally, our results indicate tha

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Vorobeva, V. P., O. S. Perepelkina, and G. A. Arina. "Equivalence of the Classical Rubber Hand Illusion and the Virtual Hand Illusion." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 13, no. 3 (2020): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2020130303.

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Computer technologies implementation into the body illusions research is increasing because they allow to controllably model complex processes that cannot be realised in ordinary life. It was previously demonstrated that the rubber hand illusion may be reconstructed in the virtual setting and cause similar changes in the somatoperception when the virtual hand begins to feel like your own. This result suggests that the phenomenological experience obtained in the classical illusion and in its virtual reality version has much in common. However, a direct experimental comparison of the two illusio

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Guterstam, Arvid, Kelly L. Collins, Jeneva A. Cronin, et al. "Direct Electrophysiological Correlates of Body Ownership in Human Cerebral Cortex." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 3 (2018): 1328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy285.

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Abstract Over the past decade, numerous neuroimaging studies based on hemodynamic markers of brain activity have examined the feeling of body ownership using perceptual body-illusions in humans. However, the direct electrophysiological correlates of body ownership at the cortical level remain unexplored. To address this, we studied the rubber hand illusion in 5 patients (3 males and 2 females) implanted with intracranial electrodes measuring cortical surface potentials. Increased high-γ (70–200 Hz) activity, an index of neuronal firing rate, in premotor and intraparietal cortices reflected the

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Preston, Catherine, and Roger Newport. "How Long is Your Arm? Using Multisensory Illusions to Modify Body Image from the Third Person Perspective." Perception 41, no. 2 (2012): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p7103.

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Updating body representations from the 3rd person perspectives (3PP) seems to require viewing the real body, unlike when viewing from a 1st person perspective. Here, 3PP updating was investigated through induction of a physically impossible multisensory illusion in which participants viewed real-time 3PP video of themselves having their arm pulled until it stretched to twice its normal length. The illusion elicited the subjective experience that the participant's own arm had been stretched and caused an overestimation of reaching distance, although actual reaches were unaffected. Multisensory

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Cadete, Denise, and Matthew R. Longo. "A Continuous Illusion of Having a Sixth Finger." Perception 49, no. 8 (2020): 807–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006620939457.

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Our body is central to our sense of self and personal identity, yet it can be manipulated in the laboratory in surprisingly easy ways. Several multisensory illusions have shown the flexibility of the mental representation of our bodies by inducing the illusion of owning an artificial body part or having a body part with altered features. Recently, new studies showed we can embody additional body parts such as a supernumerary finger. Newport et al. recently reported a novel six-finger illusion using conflicting visual and tactile signals induced with the mirror box to create the illusory percep

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Holmes, Nicholas P., Tamar R. Makin, Michelle Cadieux, et al. "Hand ownership and hand position in the rubber hand illusion are uncorrelated." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x646730.

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The rubber hand illusion (RHI) is a multisensory (visual, tactile, proprioceptive) illusion in which participants report body ownership over, mislocalize actual hand position to, and feel touches applied to, the rubber hand. For many years, researchers have used changes in perceived hand position, measured by inter-manual pointing, as a more objective measure of the illusion than verbal reports alone. Despite this reliance, there is little evidence to show that the illusion of hand ownership is directly related to perceived hand position. We developed an adaptive staircase procedure to measure

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Honda, Koki, Yasutaka Nakashima, Chen Hua, and Motoji Yamamoto. "Influence of Combined Vibration and Electrical Stimulation on Latency of Kinesthetic Illusion." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 35, no. 3 (2023): 823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2023.p0823.

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The application of vibration stimulation to muscles, via the skin surface, can generate the sensation of movement, when actually there is no motion. This phenomenon is called kinesthetic illusion. Recently, in the fields of rehabilitation and virtual-reality technology, research has been conducted to utilize kinesthetic illusions to feel body movements, when there are none. To apply kinesthetic illusions in the above fields, it is necessary to develop techniques to improve the occurrence rates of the kinesthetic illusions and shorten the latency, which is the time lag from the onset of stimula

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Sciortino, Placido, and Christoph Kayser. "The rubber hand illusion is accompanied by a distributed reduction of alpha and beta power in the EEG." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0271659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271659.

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Previous studies have reported correlates of bodily self-illusions such as the rubber hand in signatures of rhythmic brain activity. However, individual studies focused on specific variations of the rubber hand paradigm, used different experimental setups to induce this, or used different control conditions to isolate the neurophysiological signatures related to the illusory state, leaving the specificity of the reported illusion-signatures unclear. We here quantified correlates of the rubber hand illusion in EEG-derived oscillatory brain activity and asked two questions: which of the observed

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Holmes, Nicholas Paul, and Charles Spence. "Dissociating body image and body schema with rubber hands." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 30, no. 2 (2007): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x07001501.

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AbstractDijkerman & de Haan (D&dH) argue that body image and body schema form parts of different and dissociable somatosensory streams. We agree in general, but believe that more emphasis should be placed on interactions between these two streams. We illustrate this point with evidence from the rubber-hand illusion (RHI) – an illusion of body image, which depends critically upon body schema.

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Fang, Wen, Junru Li, Guangyao Qi, Shenghao Li, Mariano Sigman, and Liping Wang. "Statistical inference of body representation in the macaque brain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 40 (2019): 20151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902334116.

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The sense of one’s own body is a pillar of self-consciousness and could be investigated by inducing human illusions of artificial objects as part of the self. Here, we present a nonhuman primate version of a rubber-hand illusion that allowed us to determine its computational and neuronal mechanisms. We implemented a video-based system in a reaching task in monkeys and combined a casual inference model to establish an objective and quantitative signature for the monkey’s body representation. Similar to humans, monkeys were more likely to perceive an external object as part of the self when the

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Lee, San Ho, Gi-Eun Lee, and Jang-Han Lee. "An exploratory study on the effect of mental rehearsal on the virtual body swapping illusion." Korean Data Analysis Society 24, no. 3 (2022): 943–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2022.24.3.943.

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The body swapping illusion is a perceptual phenomenon in which one perceives a virtual (or another) body as being one’s own. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mental rehearsal on the generation of the body swapping illusion. Participants were 58 male undergraduate students. Participants were randomly assigned to either the physical rehearsal (n=20), mental rehearsal (n=18), or control condition (n=20). There were no significant differences in state and trait anxiety, simulator sickness, or immersive tendencies between groups, but there were significant differences in the

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Seo, Min-Hee, Jeh-Kwang Ryu, Byung-Cheol Kim, Sang-Bin Jeon, and Kyoung-Min Lee. "Persistence of metric biases in body representation during the body ownership illusion." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (2022): e0272084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272084.

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Our perception of the body’s metric is influenced by bias according to the axis, called the systematic metric bias in body representation. Systematic metric bias was first reported as Weber’s illusion and observed in several parts of the body in various patterns. However, the systematic metric bias was not observed with a fake hand under the influence of the body ownership illusion during the line length judgment task. The lack of metric bias observed during the line length judgment task with a fake hand implies that the tactile modality occupies a relatively less dominant position than percep

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Bottiroli, Sara, Marta Matamala-Gomez, Marta Allena, et al. "The Virtual “Enfacement Illusion” on Pain Perception in Patients Suffering from Chronic Migraine: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 22 (2022): 6876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226876.

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Background: given the limited efficacy, tolerability, and accessibility of pharmacological treatments for chronic migraine (CM), new complementary strategies have gained increasing attention. Body ownership illusions have been proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy for pain relief. Here, we illustrate the protocol for evaluating the efficacy in decreasing pain perception of the enfacement illusion of a happy face observed through an immersive virtual reality (VR) system in CM. Method: the study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial with two arms, involving 100 female CM patients as

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Tajadura-Jimenez, Ana, Laura Crucianelli, Rebecca Zheng, et al. "Body weight distortions in an auditory-driven body illusion in subclinical and clinical eating disorders." Scientific Reports 12 (November 21, 2022): 20031 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24452-7.

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Previous studies suggest a stronger influence of visual signals on body image in individuals with eating disorders (EDs) than healthy controls; however, the influence of other exteroceptive sensory signals remains unclear. Here we used an illusion relying on auditory (exteroceptive) signals to manipulate body size/weight perceptions and investigated whether the mechanisms integrating sensory signals into body image are altered in subclinical and clinical EDs. Participants’ footstep sounds were altered to seem produced by lighter or heavier bodies. Across two experiments, we tested health

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Fiorio, Mirta, Caterina Mariotti, Marta Panzeri, Emanuele Antonello, Joseph Classen, and Michele Tinazzi. "The Role of the Cerebellum in Dynamic Changes of the Sense of Body Ownership: A Study in Patients with Cerebellar Degeneration." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 26, no. 4 (2014): 712–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00522.

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The sense of the body is deeply rooted in humans, and it can be experimentally manipulated by inducing illusions in at least two aspects: a subjective feeling of ownership and a proprioceptive sense of limb position. Previous studies mapped these different aspects onto anatomically distinct neuronal regions, with the ventral premotor cortex processing subjective experience of ownership and the inferior parietal lobule processing proprioceptive calibration. Lines of evidence suggest an involvement also of the cerebellum, but its precise role is not clear yet. To investigate the contribution of

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Proske, Uwe, and Simon C. Gandevia. "Kinesthetic Senses." Comprehensive Physiology 8, no. 3 (2018): 1157–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2040-4603.2018.tb00033.x.

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ABSTRACTThe kinesthetic senses are the senses of position and movement of the body, senses we are aware of only on introspection. A method used to study kinesthesia is muscle vibration, which engages afferents of muscle spindles to trigger illusions of movement and changed position. When vibrating elbow flexors, it generates sensations of forearm extension, when vibrating extensors, sensations of forearm flexion. Vibrating the elbow joint produces no illusion. Vibrating flexors and extensors together at the same frequency also produces no illusion, because what is perceived is the signal diffe

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Kodaka, Kenri, and Ayaka Kanazawa. "Innocent Body-Shadow Mimics Physical Body." i-Perception 8, no. 3 (2017): 204166951770652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669517706520.

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The paradigm of the rubber hand illusion was applied to a shadow to determine whether the body-shadow is a good candidate for the alternative belonging to our body. Three kinds of shadows, a physical hand, a hand-shaped cloth, and a rectangle cloth, were tested for this purpose. The questionnaire results showed that both anatomical similarity and visuo-proprioception correlation were effective in enhancing illusory ownership of the shadow. According to the proprioceptive drift measurement, whether the shadow purely originated from the physical body was a critical factor in yielding the signifi

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Choi, Woong, Liang Li, Satoru Satoh, and Kozaburo Hachimura. "Multisensory Integration in the Virtual Hand Illusion with Active Movement." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8163098.

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Improving the sense of immersion is one of the core issues in virtual reality. Perceptual illusions of ownership can be perceived over a virtual body in a multisensory virtual reality environment. Rubber Hand and Virtual Hand Illusions showed that body ownership can be manipulated by applying suitable visual and tactile stimulation. In this study, we investigate the effects of multisensory integration in the Virtual Hand Illusion with active movement. A virtual xylophone playing system which can interactively provide synchronous visual, tactile, and auditory stimulation was constructed. We con

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Truong, S., R. Zopf, M. Finkbeiner, J. Friedman, and M. Williams. "Perceptual Body Illusion Affects Action." Journal of Vision 10, no. 7 (2010): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/10.7.1052.

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Critchley, Hugo D., Vanessa Botan, and Jamie Ward. "Absence of reliable physiological signature of illusory body ownership revealed by fine-grained autonomic measurement during the rubber hand illusion." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0237282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237282.

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The neural representation of a ‘biological self’ is linked theoretically to the control of bodily physiology. In an influential model, selfhood relates to internal agency and higher-order interoceptive representation, inferred from the predicted impact of efferent autonomic nervous activity on afferent viscerosensory feedback. Here we tested if an altered representation of physical self (illusory embodiment of an artificial hand) is accompanied by sustained shifts in autonomic activity. Participants (N = 37) underwent procedures for induction of the rubber hand illusion (synchronous stroking o

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Butler, Annie A., Lucy S. Robertson, Audrey P. Wang, Simon C. Gandevia, and Martin E. Héroux. "Do interoception and attending to the upper limbs affect body ownership and body representation in the grasp illusion?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (2021): e0259988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259988.

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Passively grasping an unseen artificial finger induces ownership over this finger and an illusory coming together of one’s index fingers: a grasp illusion. Here we determine how interoceptive ability and attending to the upper limbs influence this illusion. Participants passively grasped an unseen artificial finger with their left index finger and thumb for 3 min while their right index finger, located 12 cm below, was lightly clamped. Experiment 1 (n = 30) investigated whether the strength of the grasp illusion (perceived index finger spacing and perceived ownership) is related to a person’s

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Scarpina, Serino, Keizer, et al. "The Effect of a Virtual-Reality Full-Body Illusion on Body Representation in Obesity." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9 (2019): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091330.

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Background. The effective illusory ownership over an artificial body in modulating body representations in healthy and eating disorders population has been repeatedly reported in recent literature. In this study, we extended this research in the field of obesity: specifically, we investigated whether ownership over a virtual body with a skinny abdomen might be successfully experienced by participants affected by obesity. Methods. Fifteen participants with obesity and fifteen healthy-weight participants took part at this study in which the VR-Full-Body Illusion was adopted. The strength of illu

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Stanton, Tasha R., Helen R. Gilpin, Louisa Edwards, G. Lorimer Moseley, and Roger Newport. "Illusory resizing of the painful knee is analgesic in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis." PeerJ 6 (July 17, 2018): e5206. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5206.

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Background Experimental and clinical evidence support a link between body representations and pain. This proof-of-concept study in people with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) aimed to determine if: (i) visuotactile illusions that manipulate perceived knee size are analgesic; (ii) cumulative analgesic effects occur with sustained or repeated illusions. Methods Participants with knee OA underwent eight conditions (order randomised): stretch and shrink visuotactile (congruent) illusions and corresponding visual, tactile and incongruent control conditions. Knee pain intensity (0–100 numerical rat

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Pasqualotto, Achille, and Michael J. Proulx. "Two-Dimensional Rubber-Hand Illusion: The Dorian Gray Hand Illusion." Multisensory Research 28, no. 1-2 (2015): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002473.

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The rubber-hand illusion provides a window into body representation and consciousness. It has been found that body-ownership extended to numerous hand-like objects. Interestingly, the vast majority of these objects were three-dimensional. We adopted this paradigm by using hand drawings to investigate whether rubber-hand illusion could be extended to two-dimensional hand samples, and we measured skin conductance responses and behavioural variables. The fact that this illusion extended to two-dimensional stimuli reveals the dominant role of top–down information on visual perception for body repr

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O’Kane, Sophie H., and H. Henrik Ehrsson. "The contribution of stimulating multiple body parts simultaneously to the illusion of owning an entire artificial body." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0233243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233243.

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The full-body ownership illusion exploits multisensory perception to induce a feeling of ownership of an entire artificial body. Although previous research has shown that synchronous visuotactile stimulation of a single body part is sufficient for illusory ownership of the whole body, the effect of combining multisensory stimulation across multiple body parts remains unknown. Therefore, 48 healthy adults participated in a full-body ownership illusion with conditions involving synchronous (illusion) or asynchronous (control) visuotactile stimulation to one, two, or three body parts simultaneous

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Llobera, Joan, M. V. Sanchez-Vives, and Mel Slater. "The relationship between virtual body ownership and temperature sensitivity." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 85 (2013): 20130300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0300.

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In the rubber hand illusion, tactile stimulation seen on a rubber hand, that is synchronous with tactile stimulation felt on the hidden real hand, can lead to an illusion of ownership over the rubber hand. This illusion has been shown to produce a temperature decrease in the hidden hand, suggesting that such illusory ownership produces disownership of the real hand. Here, we apply immersive virtual reality (VR) to experimentally investigate this with respect to sensitivity to temperature change. Forty participants experienced immersion in a VR with a virtual body (VB) seen from a first-person

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Kalckert, Andreas, Ian Bico, and Jia Xi Fong. "Illusions With Hands, but Not With Balloons – Comparing Ownership and Referral of Touch for a Corporal and Noncorporal Object After Visuotactile Stimulation." Perception 48, no. 5 (2019): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006619839286.

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The rubber hand illusion is a perceptual illusion of perceiving an object like a model hand as part of the own body. The question whether the illusion can be induced with noncorporal objects that do not look like a human body part is not perfectly resolved yet. In this study, we directly assessed the subjective experience of two different components within the illusion (i.e., ownership and referral of touch) when a model hand and a balloon are stimulated. We observed significantly stronger illusion ratings for the hand as compared with the balloon, and only the hand ratings showed a clear affi

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IJsselsteijn, Wijnand A., Yvonne A. W. de Kort, and Antal Haans. "Is This My Hand I See Before Me? The Rubber Hand Illusion in Reality, Virtual Reality, and Mixed Reality." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, no. 4 (2006): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.15.4.455.

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This paper presents a first study in which a recently reported intermodal perceptual illusion known as the rubber hand illusion is experimentally investigated under mediated conditions. When one's own hand is placed out of view and a visible fake hand is repeatedly stroked and tapped in synchrony with the unseen hand, subjects report a strong sense in which the fake hand is experienced as part of their own body. In our experiment, we investigated this illusion under three conditions: (i) unmediated condition, replicating the original paradigm, (ii) virtual reality (VR) condition, where both th

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Garner, David M., Maureen V. Garner, and Lawrence F. Van Egeren. "Body dissatisfaction adjusted for weight: The body illusion index." International Journal of Eating Disorders 12, no. 3 (1992): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-108x(199211)12:3<263::aid-eat2260120306>3.0.co;2-q.

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Cascio, Carissa J., Jennifer H. Foss-Feig, Courtney P. Burnette, Jessica L. Heacock, and Akua A. Cosby. "The rubber hand illusion in children with autism spectrum disorders: delayed influence of combined tactile and visual input on proprioception." Autism 16, no. 4 (2012): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361311430404.

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In the rubber hand illusion, perceived hand ownership can be transferred to a rubber hand after synchronous visual and tactile stimulation. Perceived body ownership and self–other relation are foundational for development of self-awareness, imitation, and empathy, which are all affected in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We examined the rubber hand illusion in children with and without ASD. Children with ASD were initially less susceptible to the illusion than the comparison group, yet showed the effects of the illusion after 6 minutes. Delayed susceptibility to the illusion may result from a

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Hansford, Kirralise J., Daniel H. Baker, Kirsten J. McKenzie, and Catherine E. J. Preston. "Illusory finger stretching and somatosensory responses in participants with chronic hand-based pain." PLOS ONE 20, no. 2 (2025): e0317693. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317693.

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Current pharmaceutical interventions for chronic pain are reported to be minimally effective, leading researchers to investigate non-pharmaceutical avenues for chronic pain treatment. One such avenue is resizing illusions delivered using augmented reality. These illusions resize the affected body part through stretching or shrinking manipulations and have been shown to give analgesic effects; however, the neural underpinnings of these illusions remain undefined. Steady-state evoked potentials (SSEPs) have been studied within populations without chronic pain undergoing hand-based resizing illus

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Huang, Bei. "Study of Francis Bacon's "Four Illusions" from a Psychological Perspective." International Journal of Education and Humanities 8, no. 3 (2023): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v8i3.8393.

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In the development history of modern Western materialism, Francis Bacon is undoubtedly one of the most outstanding philosophers. He devoted all his life to the realization of the "great revival" of science, for which he wrote a masterpiece "The Great Revival" with "New Tools" as the main body, and put forward the "four illusion theory" and scientific induction in "New Tools". Bacon, through the analysis of the collective illusion, caves illusion, market illusion and delusion theater, showed that illusion hindered the people on the correct understanding of things, but the illusion couldn't be e

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Apelian, C., D. B. Terhune, and F. De Vignemont. "Hypnotic suggestion versus sensory modulation of bodily awareness." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (2023): e0291493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291493.

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Bodily awareness arises from somatosensory, vestibular, and visual inputs but cannot be reduced to these incoming sensory signals. Cognitive factors are known to also impact bodily awareness, though their specific influence is poorly understood. Here we systematically compared the effects of sensory (bottom-up) and cognitive (top-down) manipulations on the estimated size of body parts. Toward this end, in a repeated-measures design, we sought to induce the illusion that the right index finger was elongating by vibrating the biceps tendon of the left arm whilst participants grasped the tip of t

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Kovyazina, M., K. Fomina, and N. Varako. "Illusion as a Research Tool for Inter-analyzer Interaction (Iai) Characteristics in a Psychiatric Clinic." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1039.

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IntroductionIAI does not only play a functional role but also has qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Biological significance of IAI consists in mobilization of some sensory functions and demobilization of others as a response to a stimulus signaling changes in the environment. This constitutes one of the manifestations of body's preparatory reactions for action in the forthcoming situation. It has been established that in patients with psychic pathology such preparation of the body systems is affected, which may manifest through changes in illusion frequency.ObjectivesTo apply Charp

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Crucianelli, Laura, Yannis Paloyelis, Lucia Ricciardi, Paul M. Jenkinson, and Aikaterini Fotopoulou. "Embodied Precision: Intranasal Oxytocin Modulates Multisensory Integration." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 4 (2019): 592–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01366.

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Multisensory integration processes are fundamental to our sense of self as embodied beings. Bodily illusions, such as the rubber hand illusion (RHI) and the size–weight illusion (SWI), allow us to investigate how the brain resolves conflicting multisensory evidence during perceptual inference in relation to different facets of body representation. In the RHI, synchronous tactile stimulation of a participant's hidden hand and a visible rubber hand creates illusory body ownership; in the SWI, the perceived size of the body can modulate the estimated weight of external objects. According to Bayes

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Rajabi, Majid, and Alireza Mojahed. "Acoustic Illusion and Cloaking: Active Spherical Body." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 105, no. 3 (2019): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.919324.

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Yong, Ed. "Out-of-body experience: Master of illusion." Nature 480, no. 7376 (2011): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/480168a.

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Randhawa, Gursharan. "Cool hand illusion reveals mind-body link." New Scientist 199, no. 2671 (2008): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)62154-5.

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Ogawa, Hiromu, Hirotaka Uchitomi, and Yoshihiro Miyake. "Interpersonal Synchrony Affects the Full-Body Illusion." Applied Sciences 15, no. 12 (2025): 6870. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126870.

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The full-body illusion (FBI) is a phenomenon where individuals experience body perception not in their physical body but in an external virtual body. Previous studies have shown that the relationship between the self and the virtual body influences the occurrence and intensity of the FBI. However, the influence of interpersonal factors on the FBI has not been explored. This study investigated the effect of interpersonal synchrony on body perception through an evaluation experiment involving the FBI. Specifically, the participant and an experimenter clapped together while their movements were r

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Sadibolova, Renata, and Matthew R. Longo. "Seeing the body produces limb-specific modulation of skin temperature." Biology Letters 10, no. 4 (2014): 20140157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0157.

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Vision of the body, even when non-informative about stimulation, affects somatosensory processing. We investigated whether seeing the body also modulates autonomic control in the periphery by measuring skin temperature while manipulating vision. Using a mirror box, the skin temperature was measured from left hand dorsum while participants: (i) had the illusion of seeing their left hand, (ii) had the illusion of seeing an object at the same location or (iii) looked directly at their contralateral right hand. Skin temperature of the left hand increased when participants had the illusion of direc

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Pozeg, Polona, Estelle Palluel, Roberta Ronchi, et al. "Virtual reality improves embodiment and neuropathic pain caused by spinal cord injury." Neurology 89, no. 18 (2017): 1894–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000004585.

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Objective:To investigate changes in body ownership and chronic neuropathic pain in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) using multisensory own body illusions and virtual reality (VR).Methods:Twenty patients with SCI with paraplegia and 20 healthy control participants (HC) participated in 2 factorial, randomized, repeated-measures design studies. In the virtual leg illusion (VLI), we applied asynchronous or synchronous visuotactile stimulation to the participant's back (either immediately above the lesion level or at the shoulder) and to the virtual legs as seen on a VR head-mounted display.

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Bogdan, Radu J. "The epistemological illusion." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 18, no. 2 (1995): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00039078.

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AbstractI argue against the mentalist view that commonsense psychology (CSP) is about the intrinsic properties of the mind, and in particular against the notion that the evidence privately or publicly available to the CS psychologists confirms the mentalist view. I suggest that the internal phenomenology of mental attitudes merely provides access to a body of procedural knowledge, and that the propositional forms of the attitudes normally summarize extensive units of procedural knowledge.

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Bertamini, Marco. "The Bathtub Illusion." i-Perception 10, no. 4 (2019): 204166951985359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669519853594.

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When a person looks at the fingers of their own hand as they line up in depth, the impression may emerge that the little fingers, which are farther away, are located too far and if so they are not part of the same hand. I describe the conditions and suggest this is due to the size difference between fingers (size-distance scaling). A role of size on perceived distance here is more powerful than knowledge about our own body.

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Provenzano, Luca, Hanna Gohlke, Gianluca Saetta, Ilaria Bufalari, Bigna Lenggenhager, and Marte Roel Lesur. "Fluid face but not gender: Enfacement illusion through digital face filters does not affect gender identity." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0295342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295342.

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It has been shown that observing a face being touched or moving in synchrony with our own face increases self-identification with the former which might alter both cognitive and affective processes. The induction of this phenomenon, termed enfacement illusion, has often relied on laboratory tools that are unavailable to a large audience. However, digital face filters applications are nowadays regularly used and might provide an interesting tool to study similar mechanisms in a wider population. Digital filters are able to render our faces in real time while changing important facial features,

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Pavani, Francesco, and Massimiliano Zampini. "The Role of Hand Size in the Fake-Hand Illusion Paradigm." Perception 36, no. 10 (2007): 1547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5853.

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When a hand (either real or fake) is stimulated in synchrony with our own hand concealed from view, the felt position of our own hand can be biased toward the location of the seen hand. This intriguing phenomenon relies on the brain's ability to detect statistical correlations in the multisensory inputs (ie visual, tactile, and proprioceptive), but it is also modulated by the pre-existing representation of one's own body. Nonetheless, researchers appear to have accepted the assumption that the size of the seen hand does not matter for this illusion to occur. Here we used a real-time video imag

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Tsakiris, Manos, Ana Tajadura Jiménez, and Marcello Costantini. "Just a heartbeat away from one's body: interoceptive sensitivity predicts malleability of body-representations." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1717 (2011): 2470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2547.

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Body-awareness relies on the representation of both interoceptive and exteroceptive percepts coming from one's body. However, the exact relationship and possible interaction of interoceptive and exteroceptive systems for body-awareness remain unknown. We sought to understand for the first time, to our knowledge, the interaction between interoceptive and exteroceptive awareness of the body. First, we measured interoceptive awareness with an established heartbeat monitoring task. We, then, used a multi-sensory-induced manipulation of body-ownership (e.g. Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI)) and we quanti

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