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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Body image; children; media'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Martin, Andrea Roxanne. "Family and media influence on perceived body image." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3078.

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This study has found that negative body image is present in third graders, as young as seven years of age. One interesting finding was that a high number of students who viewed body-oriented magazines had a negative body image.

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Hayes, Sharon. "AM I TOO FAT TO BE A PRINCESS? EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF POPULAR CHILDREN'S MEDIA ON PRESCHOOLERS' BODY IMAGE." Master's thesis, Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002039.

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3

Sheridan, Karen Rae. "The influence of the media on the body image of young children /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=1&did=1409506701&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1220989570&clientId=22256.

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4

Rabone, Lisa C. "Gender differences in body image dissatisfaction : eating disturbance and perception of media imagery in pre-adolescent children." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29179.

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The aims of the present study were to a) examine gender differences in body image dissatisfaction, disordered eating and drive for muscularity in pre-adolescent children and b) to explore whether children experienced perceptual distortions whilst looking at media imagery. One hundred and ninety one children aged between nine and ten years participated in the study. Levels of body image dissatisfaction were found to be equal amongst boys and girls. However, their expression of body image dissatisfaction differed, in that most girls wished for a thinner body shape, whereas the boys were equally split between those who wished to be thinner and those who wished to be larger. There were no gender differences in levels of eating disturbance. Boys reported a significantly higher drive for muscularity than girls. A significant interaction was found between the gender and the size of media celebrities on the perceptual distortion task. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. This includes the need for educational work with professionals and children, to raise awareness of the rising prevalence of eating disturbance and body image dissatisfaction in pre-adolescent children and gender differences in their expression. The results of this study also suggest that clinical services may see a rising prevalence of eating disorders and exercise disorders in males. Implications for further research are discussed.

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Rosewall, Juliet Mary. "Prevalence, Correlates and Moderators of Eating Pathology in New Zealand Women, Adolescent and Preadolescent Girls." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2223.

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Despite the fact that eating disorders (EDs) and their subclinical variants are important health concerns, very little research has examined eating pathology and body image, including the factors that may contribute to their development, in New Zealand. Based on the Sociocultural Model of Eating Pathology, this thesis comprises four studies that aimed to identify the factors that may interact with different parts of this model to predict eating pathology. As part of each study, the cross-cultural validity of the assessment measures used was also examined. Across all four studies, the prevalence rates of eating pathology and associated pathology were comparable to overseas estimates. Participants for Study One were 243 adolescent girls recruited from secondary school in Christchurch, New Zealand. Participants completed questionnaires assessing eating pathology, body dissatisfaction, negative affect, perfectionism, self-esteem, teasing and perceived sociocultural pressure. Regression analyses demonstrated that body dissatisfaction, socially prescribed (SP) perfectionism and negative affect uniquely predicted eating pathology in the adolescent sample. Moderator analyses indicated that high levels of SP and self-oriented (SO) perfectionism, negative affect, perceived pressure from others and the media, and low levels of self-esteem all increased the effect of body dissatisfaction on eating pathology among adolescents. Study Two examined the same risk factors among 170 preadolescent girls from primary schools in Christchurch, New Zealand, and found that body dissatisfaction, SP perfectionism and teasing independently predicted eating pathology. High levels of SO and SP perfectionism, perceived media pressure and low levels of self-esteem strengthened the body dissatisfaction-eating pathology relation. The goal of Study Three was to test the factors that serve to amplify the risk of internalising societal standards of thinness among 202 university women recruited from the University of Canterbury, New Zealand. The participants completed questionnaires measuring perfectionism, sociocultural pressure to be thin, anorectic cognitions and anti-fat attitudes. Results indicated that social pressure and information about appearance standards independently predicted thin ideal internalization but no statistically significant moderators were found. Finally, taking another approach to studying women at high or low risk for eating problems, Study Four sought to examine and describe the characteristics of women with a high body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) who were not dissatisfied with their bodies and also women who were dissatisfied with their bodies but were not engaging in pathological eating behaviour. Participants were 166 university women recruited from the University of Canterbury who completed the Personality Assessment Inventory (1991) and questionnaires relating to body dissatisfaction and eating pathology. Both of the above-mentioned groups were characterised by lower overall distress, such as lower levels of anxiety, depression and borderline features. Overall, this research suggests that disordered eating and body image concerns occur among New Zealand women, adolescent and preadolescent girls at rates similar to Europe and North America. There was reasonable support for the validity of many of the assessment measures used. The research also highlights some factors that may influence the development of eating pathology among these populations and provides possible leads for future longitudinal research and, ultimately, prevention efforts.

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6

Berry, Lisa La Chapelle. "Media and peer influence on fad diets tried by adolescent females." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999berry.pdf.

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7

Sparhawk, Julie M. "Body image and the media the media's influence on body image /." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003sparhawkj.pdf.

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8

Everly, Stacy Lynn. "The effects of media on women's body image." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244136509.

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9

Tulkki, Lisa. "Body Image in Children of the Appalachian Region." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1129156664.

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10

Rašková, Barbora. "Marketingový význam body image." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-17320.

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The Diploma thesis deals with the importance of body image marketing. Thesis depicts concept of body image, its evolution in time and the influence of media on people's self-concept and self-evaluation. The practical part is focused on content analysis of front-pages of specific magazine in given time period. Independent chapter concerns with analysis of consumers via data from MML-TGI database.

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Váradyová, Monika. "Význam body image v marketingovej komunikácii." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197222.

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The thesis dedicated to the issue of body image in the context of marketing communication emphasizing female body imaging in advertising. The aim of Master's thesis is to identify differences in the perception of beauty between the German and Czechoslovak culture. The theoretical part is intended to explain the body image issues, including historical development. Furthermore points out the influence of mass media on women's physical self-concept. The practical part deals with content analysis of selected Czech and German magazines and identification of differences in the perception of beauty between these cultures based on frequency of body image components. The last section contains output and evaluation of a questionnaire survey conducted among members of the two cultures. The aim is to detect differences in the perception of body image and influence of media.

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12

Williams, Breanna. "Body image in children attending preschool in a rural midwestern town versus their parents' body image /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1203548381&sid=28&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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13

Young, Sarah. "Body image and celebrity tabloids." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10154.

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Tarbajová, Viera. "Marketingový význam body image." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11635.

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The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first part includes the delineation of basic terms, needful for a further work. The first chapter offers a definition and an evaluation of a historical development of a body image. Subsequently, the work is concerned with a marketing communication. It offers an inspection of a phenomenon of advertisement, its effectivity on addresses and a psychological insight encompased within the field of advertising. The chapter also includes the description of media and their respective influences on the perception of a beauty ideal. The second part of the thesis is oriented towards a practical, analytical activity. The description of a theoretical base as well as a practical use of a content analysis and implied methods are the points of the chapter's departure. The conclusion part of the work provides the readers with conclusions of the content analysis and a questionnaire results.

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15

Bryant, Brook M. "Women’s Body Image in the Media: Fitspiration on Instagram." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7480.

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Several studies have been done to examine the effects of fitspiration on body image satisfaction using social comparison theory but there has yet to be a study done using framing theory to find out what exactly these images are focusing on. This research will use framing theory to examine what characteristics and body types are being seen on Instagram under the hashtag “fitspiration”. Using a mixed method approach, this study uses a textual analysis to first get a larger sample set of fitspiration images on Instagram. It then uses in-depth interviews to get a deeper understanding of what the general public thinks the main frames of fitspiration are. Results for this research found that the social media trend emphasizes a stronger and more health-focused ideal and a strong sense of health and/or fitness behind the frames of each image. With the increased use of social media starting at such a young age it is important to understand the culture of popular trends in order to evaluate how we are interacting with them. Previous research focused on the outcome as opposed to the origin of the issue. This research gives a sample of the fitspiration culture in order to help us start to understand the trends of health and fitness online.

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16

Cevik, Senem Bahar. "Impact of media spokeswomen on teen girls' body image." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2801.

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This project investigated body image issues of girls aged 13-19 years old. It surveyed a random sample of 100 girls via a self-administered questionnaire. The study found that most teen girls have a celebrity actor idol and that the majority of teen girls are self conscious regarding body shape and weight.

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17

Garrison, Megan C. "Size Matters: Television Media Effects on Male Body Image." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1395151552.

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18

Merchant, Andrea Elaine. "Adolescent body image : the effects of media images on body satisfaction, self-esteem, and body esteem /." Connect to resource, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1243359869.

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Merchant, Andrea Elaine. "Adolescent body image: the effects of media images on body satisfaction, self-esteem, adn body esteem." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243359869.

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20

Křížová, Zuzana. "Marketingový význam body image žen." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-113044.

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This thesis deals with research of the marketing importance of women's body image. The research methods including quantitative research performed by assisted interviewing and content analysis of printed advertisements in five magazines targeted on female population were used. The aims of the interviewing are to determine the current physical condition of Czech women and their views on the display "ideal" of feminine beauty in advertising. The content analysis finds out "ideal" state of physical beauty presented to the society. Based on these two methods the differences between the current and "ideal" state was found and final recommendation regarding the suitability of using beautiful women displayed for advertising purposes, the creation of advertisement using beautiful women images, the appropriate media mix and the correct timing were further specified. The research information was completed by data from MML-TGI.

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Asawarachan, Tanawan. "The Disney Influence on Kindergarten Girls' Body Image." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271773/.

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Media is now a part of the early childhood world. In many countries, including industrialized and developing countries, children spend more time consuming various kinds of media. The impact of media on children's perception of their body images has been and continues to be a concern of parents and early childhood professionals. This research examined the influence of Disney movies on Thai kindergarten girls' body images and self-esteem. Thai kindergarten girls completed three measures of body self-image: the Body Figure Preference Scale, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Self-Esteem Scale. The girl participants were randomly assigned to two groups: focused on a female theme (FFT) and focused on a non-human theme (FNT). The experimental group viewed "female" Disney movie themes, while the control group viewed "animal" Disney movie themes. Girls in the experimental group expressed greater body image dissatisfaction scores after watching Disney movies, which was an expected finding. Results from the present study suggest that girls in both groups become concerned about their body esteem after video exposure. However, there was no significant difference in self-esteem between girls in FFT and FNT. In summary, the findings of this study support the belief that Disney movies influence young girls' perceptions of their body image, and they have an awareness of their body size. It can be concluded that Disney movies have an influence on Thai girls' body image dissatisfaction and body esteem. The results also indicated that Thai girls are not totally aware of the influence of Disney media on their self-esteem. Understanding how Disney movies, in particular, and other media, in general, influence young children, especially girls, can encourage parents and educators to identify risk factors associated with children's body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem.

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22

Brennan, Alison Leigh. "Media Use, Body Image and Sexual Satisfaction in Emerging Adults." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10365/25848.

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Emerging adults in America are avid users of media, including magazines and pornographic film. Use of this media is associated with body dissatisfaction and reduced sexual satisfaction. However, existing research has not examined media use, body dissatisfaction and sexual satisfaction within the same study. Additionally, the effects of pornographic film use on body image have not been extensively studied, and existing research does not adequately consider how reasons for use might relate to effects of viewing this type of media. The present study tests an integrated model of the relationships among media use, body dissatisfaction and sexual satisfaction and examines how reasons for use of pornographic film relate to emerging adults? perceptions of their own bodies and sexual abilities. First, the proposed integrated model was tested separately by gender, using women?s magazine use as the media variable for women and pornographic film as the media variable for men. Pornographic film use was not a significant predictor in the men?s model. In the women?s model, magazine use had a positive, direct effect on sexual satisfaction. Second, chi-square tests were used to determine whether relationships existed between reasons for, and outcomes of, use of pornographic film. Regardless of gender, use of pornographic film for the purpose of ?ideas, tips or instruction? was associated with engaging in body comparison. Reasons for use were not associated with reported reactions to engaging in comparison. T-tests were also used to determine if differences existed in BMI and body image among consumers who reported responding with negative self-evaluations versus those who did not respond negatively when comparing their bodies to the bodies of actors in pornographic film. When compared to those who did not respond negatively to body comparison, women who reported reacting negatively to body comparison were higher in drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction while men had higher BMIs, greater drive for low body fat, and greater body dissatisfaction. This study suggests that researchers must consider the possibility of positive effects and include consumer motivations and other dispositional factors as moderators of effects of viewing pornographic film and other media.

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23

Kostanski, Marion 1955. "The genesis and antecedents of perceived body image dissatisfaction in childhood : an 18-month follow-up investigation." Monash University, Dept. of Psychology, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8315.

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24

Cummings, Jessica M. E. "The effect(s) of the visual media upon female body image." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0009/MQ52454.pdf.

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25

Mannor, Susan. "The effect of media and the fashion industry on body image." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/326.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Arts and Sciences<br>Psychology

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26

Vander, Wal Jillon S. "Predictors of body image : dissatisfaction in elementary-age school girls /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9951131.

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27

Sai, Akira. "Factors Affecting Body Image of Malaysian College Students." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242757.

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28

Beckmann-Mendez, Diana Ardith. "Maternal perceptions of body image of Mexican-American children : a dissertation /." San Antonio : UTHSC, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1372026851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=70986&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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29

Setty, Christine Hope. "Media and Maternal Influences on Body Dissatisfaction of Prepubescent Daughters." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1435676066.

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30

Grose, Michelle Leigh Stone Sara J. "Individual body satisfaction and perception the effect of the media's ideal body image on female college students /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5322.

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31

Coogan, Catherine. "Relation of media exposure to body dissatisfaction in people with learning disabilities and students." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263180.

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32

Mollica, Antonina M. "Development of a media strategy to promote the size acceptance movement." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 1996. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 1996.<br>Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2891. Typescript. Abstract precedes second title page as preliminary pages 2-3. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 28-31).

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33

Ashikali, Eleni-Marina. "The impact of cosmetic surgery media portrayals on body image and attitudes." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/53075/.

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The cosmetic surgery industry has rapidly expanded and Professional Associations for surgery in the UK and USA have expressed concern over the ways in which surgery is portrayed in the media. This thesis aimed to investigate how different portrayals of cosmetic surgery in the media impact women and adolescent girls' body image and attitudes towards surgery. Moreover, it examined a number of moderating variables which may affect responses to such media. The first three studies examined the impact of different aspects of cosmetic surgery advertising on adult women using experimental designs. Study 1 (N=161) looked at the effect of including discount incentives or risk information on women's attitudes towards surgery and body image. Study 2 (N=151) examined the effect of different images in cosmetic surgery advertising (female models, locations, scalpels or control images) on the same outcomes. Study 3 (N=145) was a replication of Study 1, looking at whether discount incentives and risk information have a similar impact in Switzerland, a country with less exposure to cosmetic surgery. The final two studies focused on adolescent girls aged 15-18 using mixed methods. Study 4 was a qualitative focus-group investigation of girls' (N=17) attitudes towards surgery. Study 5 experimentally examined the impact of different information provided in cosmetic surgery reality television (risks associated with surgery versus no risks) on girl's (N=99) body image and attitudes towards cosmetic surgery. Results from these studies consistently showed cosmetic surgery advertising and television shows have a negative impact on women and girls' body image. Attitudes towards cosmetic surgery varied as a result of different content of advertising. Moreover, materialistic values moderated how women and girls responded to cosmetic surgery advertising or reality shows across all studies, whereas restrained eating, body dissatisfaction and basing one's self-worth on appearance played a less consistent role in responses.

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34

Terhark, Kristin S. "The relationship of body image and eating disturbances of fifth, seventh, ninth, and twelfth grade students." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003terharkk.pdf.

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Eisenmann, Jan. "Etické problémy vlivu komunikace v souvislosti body image." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85322.

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The thesis is focused on an issue of attainable beauty ideal and its possible negative consequences mainly on adolescent audience. It also deals with the possible ethical questions that are related to the beauty ideal with the young audience. This narrow part of the poulation was selected because of the the fact, that they are the at the biggest risk. The theoretical part describes the related experiments and also shows some examples of different approach to beauty in marketing communication. The practical part of the theses consists of two parts, questionnaire survey and an in-depth interview with the specialists in the psychology and marketing. The conclusion of the work indicates, that young people are aware of the relationship between the beauty ideal and the negative consequences, but, as the rest of the population, do not perceive this phenomenon as an ethical issue.

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Pepper, Lisa B. "The Development of Body Image in Young Children: The Role of Muscularity and Adiposity." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17406.

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Negative body image can cause serious psychological problems. In some Western societies, body image concerns can develop at a young age, with early preadolescents preferring thinner bodies and reporting body dissatisfaction. The aims here were to clarify the significant gaps in published research, and to challenge existing assumptions around weight, muscularity, and body satisfaction in children. In addition, this novel research focused on young children’s body dissatisfaction, particularly young boys (aged 4-11 years). Traditional measures of body satisfaction are limited and do not incorporate muscularity, assess individual body parts, or indicate the direction of dissatisfaction. Here, new visual measures were developed along with a prototype application for a touch-screen tablet to measure body satisfaction in children. Through 4 innovative experimental studies the current research explored factors influencing body image: including gender, age, ethnicity, BMI, perceived body size, and sociocultural factors (e.g. cultural ideals and body size stereotypes). Results consistently supported the findings of study 1 which showed gender differences in body satisfaction: boys were more dissatisfied with their bodies than girls, and their dissatisfaction varied over the different body parts (torso, arms and legs). Stereotypical idealised body perception was evident: boys wanted to be muscular and girls desired to be lean. In study 2, ideal body choices saw boys choosing more muscular figures and girls more lean figures for the self, than the ones they choose for another boy or girl. Boys desired more muscular ideal figures than what they perceived the opposite sex would choose. Study 3 revealed the pattern of assigning positive attributes was gendered. Boys viewed the hypermuscular figure the most positively and girls the normal weight and lean figures the most positively. However, both sexes did not want to look like the overweight figure as a child or adult. Study 4 showed parent’s body satisfaction and their perception of their child’s current body size predicted child’s body satisfaction, and exposure to media predicted the child’s ideal and future ideal adult figure choices. Overall, a combination of factors involved in the development of children’s body image were revealed, including sociocultural influences, age, ethnicity, and perceived body size. The research carried out within this thesis has extended our knowledge of pre-adolescent’s body dissatisfaction, has developed innovative measures for use with younger children, and revealed fascinating findings around young boys’ body image.

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Mentzer, Jennifer Kay. "How sociocultural influences impact young women‘s body image." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/11999.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Family Studies and Human Services<br>Karen S. Myers-Bowman<br>Young women are influenced by a variety of different messages as they are transitioning from being viewed as little girls to being viewed as young women. While women of all ages can experience dissatisfaction with their bodies and appearance, this is especially common during the time when girls are entering into adolescence, adjusting to their changing bodies, and trying to develop a sense of who they are as an individual. Our society today has placed a significant importance on thinness and young women are bombarded with messages presenting them with an unattainable level of thinness as society‘s ideal. This paper describes adolescent development, looks at the sociocultural influences (family, peers, and media) that impact young women‘s body image, presents prevention and intervention programs that have been used with young women, and provides recommendations for family life educators on how to educate parents on the messages their daughters are being sent and provides them with suggestions on how to talk with their daughters about these messages.

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38

Drage, Lucy Amelia. "Body esteem and education : how does body esteem develop in children and young people and what can schools do to promote positive body esteem?" Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15641.

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Paper 1: Study one investigates the relationship between the ages of children and young people in years 5-9 and their levels of body esteem, perceived pressure from family, friends and the media, internalisation of societal standards of attractiveness and social comparison.169 participants aged 9-14 years completed four questionnaires: the Body Esteem Scale for Children, the Perceived Sociocultural Pressure Scale, the general internalisation subscale of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 and the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale. Results indicated that relationships existed between the age of participants and their scores on these questionnaires, but only for girls. For girls, a significant negative correlation was found between age in months and scores on the Body Esteem Scale for Children, and a significant positive correlation was found between age in months and scores on the Perceived Sociocultural Pressure Scale, the general internalisation subscale of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3 and the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale. No relationship between age in months and scores on the questionnaires were found for boys. Boys also had significantly higher body esteem than girls and there were significant correlations between scores on the Perceived Sociocultural Pressure Scale, the general internalisation subscale of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale-3, the Physical Appearance Comparison Scale and the Body Esteem Scale for Children. Results are discussed with reference to the gender differences, as well as the role of pressure, internalisation and social comparison in the development of body esteem in children and young people. Paper 2: Study two has a positive psychology focus and is a qualitative study of children and young people with positive body esteem. 10 participants from the initial sample of 169 participants from study one with the highest levels of body esteem were selected for interview. The aim of the research was to discover what children with positive body esteem say about their own appearance, exercise, the influence of family, friends and school, and also about appearance ideals. Thematic analysis revealed that children and young people with positive body esteem have a sense of global satisfaction with their appearance but did not place great importance on appearance. Appearance was rarely discussed with significant others in their lives, although many participants described receiving compliments about their appearance. Where negative comments had been received, these were dismissed as jokes or not important. When asked about appearance ideals, the children and young people in the current study discussed controllable aspects of appearance such as clothes and hairstyles; however, they often rejected appearance ideals and instead defined beauty more widely. Finally, exercise and sport were an important part of these children and young people’s lives, with a number of participants competing at a high level. Findings are discussed with particular reference to previous work with Swedish adolescents by Frisén and Holmqvist (2010) and Holmqvist and Frisén (2012).

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39

Roberson, Stephanie Crall. "The effects of media on body esteem of female and male viewers /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988696.

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Hitchcock, Beth. "Body image distortions in pre-adolescents and preventative programs a literature review /." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002hitchcockb.pdf.

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Gehrman, Christine Amerika. "Effects of a physical activity and nutrition intervention on body image in pre-adolescents /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3083465.

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Freeman, Elizabeth DeHart. "Developmental changes in the female adolescent body image." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12052009-020336/.

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Noble, Madison L. "The Effect of Mainstream Media on Body Image and Stress Reactivity in Latina Females." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/23.

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The role of mainstream media in women’s views of female beauty and body image has been well documented. However, few published studies have observed ethnic differences in physiological stress reactivity that may occur from pressures to comply with a particular image of beauty. This study examined whether the exposure to the mainstream ideal body image would negatively affect Latina women’s physiological and psychological functioning, and how their responses differed in comparison to their White counterparts. Participants included college-aged female students from Pitzer College who self-identified as Latina or Caucasian. Participants completed questionnaires assessing, body esteem (MSBRQ-AS; SATAQ; CDFRS), ethnic identity (SEE), state anxiety (STAI-State) and affect (PANAS) prior to and following exposure to Victoria’s Secret or Chrysler automobile commercials. Physiological stress reactivity was assessed through changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as salivary cortisol. 3-way ANOVA tests indicated a significant 2-way interaction between condition and time on participants’ levels of diastolic blood pressure, F(1, 27) = 4.266, MSe = 29.803, p =.049, η2 =.136, as well as ratings of appearance evaluation, F(1,36) = 5.733, MSe = 3.692, p =.022, η2 =.137, and body satisfaction F(1,36) = 4.27, MSe = 4.747, p = .046, η2 =.106. Women who viewed the Victoria’s Secret commercials demonstrated increased levels of diastolic blood pressure and reported lower ratings of body esteem in comparison to women who viewed the Chevy Sonic commercials. Potential trends in anxiety reactivity and the internalization of mainstream female beauty in Latina women following exposure to the stimuli are further discussed.

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Kelly, Stacy A. "Amount of influence selected groups have on the perceived body image of fifth graders." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000kellys.pdf.

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Aldridge, Fiona Jane Psychology Faculty of Science UNSW. "The role of idealised image features in determining post-exposure body image and social comparisons." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Psychology, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41373.

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This research examined the role that idealised image characteristics have in determining post-exposure body image and amount of self-reported social comparisons. This was tested by exposing female undergraduate students to media-portrayed idealised images that varied in their level of relevance, salience, or attainability. A negative impact of these images was indicated by greater post-exposure body dissatisfaction and body size estimation inaccuracy. In contrast, a positive impact was considered to have occurred when body dissatisfaction decreased and body size estimation was more accurate. If the images had a neutral impact on body image, one would expect little difference between groups or over time. A further aim was to determine whether a higher level of trait tendency to compare was related to more negative responding at post-exposure. In addition, thin ideal internalisation and restraint were examined as possible moderators. Studies 1, 2a, 2b, and 3 indicated that idealised image relevance and salience had little differential impact on post-exposure body image. That is, exposure to thin idealised images, irrespective of the salience and relevance manipulations, resulted in similar post-exposure body dissatisfaction and body size estimation. In contrast to this, the attainability of the image seemed to influence post-exposure responding, at least in terms of body size estimation (Study 4). Higher trait tendency to compare was associated with a greater amount of self-reported comparison with the images, but had little impact on body image. Surprisingly, these results were not moderated by thin ideal internalisation or restraint. The role of individual differences was explored with additional analyses in Study 5, which revealed that, when the power is sufficient, thin ideal internalisation, restraint, and self-reported comparisons with the images predicted post-exposure body dissatisfaction, but not body size estimation. Overall, this program of research suggests that idealised image features do not play a vital differential role in determining post-exposure body image, unless it is the body itself that is being manipulated. Results from this research support the idea that the mere presence of an idealised body is sufficient to activate negative responses, and there was little, if any, evidence for the occurrence of positive responses. These findings are discussed in terms of social comparison and schema theory, and in terms of their practical implications.

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Lee, Seunghee Ulrich Pamela V. Connell Lenda Jo. "Body image perceptions and clothing behavior issues for adolescent daughters and their mothers." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/doctoral/LEE_SEUNG_12.pdf.

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Lehman, Karen Elizabeth. "Maternal influence in the development of body image and dieting in young girls /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9006.

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Maples-Wallace, Rajah. "Media's effects on African-American women's self-body image /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418050.

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Ferguson, Clarabelle. "The Relationship Between American Media Exposure and Trinidadian Female Adolescents' Body Image Satisfaction." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3100.

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ABSTRACT Numerous studies have examined the development of body image among people, especially girls and young women. Many factors have been associated with the development of body image dissatisfaction. Especially important are exposure to mass media and its relationship with three theoretical constructs: Awareness of a thin ideal, internalization of a thin ideal, and perceived pressures to be thin. Extending existing research, this study examined through experimentation the relationships among exposure to American media content and the awareness and internalization of the American norms and expectations for thinness, pressures to adopt these norms, and Trinidadian female adolescents' body image satisfaction. Based on previous findings, this study hypothesized that the three risk factors in the development of body image disturbance (awareness, internalization and pressures) would mediate the relationship between American media exposure and body image satisfaction among Trinidadian female adolescents. The results indicated that American media exposure and all three risk factors had statistically significant relationships with Trinidadian female adolescents' body image satisfaction. The more hours Trinidadian female adolescents spent watching American sitcoms, the less satisfied they are with their body image. An increase in American media exposure also resulted in the increase in the adolescents' awareness and internalization of the American norms and expectations for thinness, as well as the pressures to adopt those norms and expectations. Results also revealed that the three risk factors in the development of body image disturbance (awareness, internalization and pressures) were negatively correlated with body image satisfaction among Trinidadian female adolescents. Taken as a whole, the study supported the sociocultural model for the development of body image dissatisfaction.

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Harding, Lisa Nicole. "Media Use and Body Image Among Senior Participants of the World Senior Games." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3222.pdf.

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