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Johnson, Erica R., Olivia Affuso, Emily B. Levitan, Tiffany L. Carson, and Monica L. Baskin. "Body image and dissatisfaction among rural Deep South African American women in a weight loss intervention." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 9 (February 2017): 1167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317694489.
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Body image perception may impact health-promoting behaviors as well as knowledge regarding health risks associated with obesity. Our cross-sectional analysis evaluated body image and its association with body mass index among overweight and obese treatment-seeking African American women ( N = 409). Differences between current and desired body image were captured using the Pulvers scale. Results indicated the presence of body image dissatisfaction among participants (median = 2.00, interquartile range: 2.00–3.00), with greater dissatisfaction observed at higher categories of body mass index. Additionally, receiver operating curves demonstrated the ability of the Pulvers scale to correctly identify participants classified by body mass index. Further research is needed to identify factors that influence body image perception.
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McAllister, Renee, and Marie Louise Caltabiano. "Self-Esteem, Body-Image and Weight in Noneating-Disordered Women." Psychological Reports 75, no. 3 (December 1994): 1339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.75.3.1339.
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The self-esteem of 69 women attending weight-loss centres was examined in relation to attitudes towards body and weight, actual weight, number of diets undergone and weight fluctuations. Rosenberg's Self-esteem Scale was used to measure self-esteem. Attitudes towards the body and weight were assessed using Freedman's Body-Love Questionnaire. The Body Mass Index was used as a weight-range classification for the women. Body image was assessed using the silhouette chart of Bell, Kirkpatrick, and Rinn. Women with stable weight had the highest self-esteem. The number of diets undertaken was associated with lowered self-esteem. High scores on evaluation of appearance were positively correlated with scores on self-esteem. No association was found between self-esteem and either eating restraint or significant others' attitudes. There was good agreement between the women's perceptions of their own bodies and independent raters' perceptions indicating a lack of body-image distortion for this noneating-disordered group.
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Celenia Raquel Monteiro de Aguiar, Carlos Alberto Alves Dias Filho, Andressa Coelho Ferreira, Ilka Kassandra Pereira Belfort, and Sally Cristina Moutinho Monteiro. "Self-perception of body image in college students of a nutrition course." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss5.2313.
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Objective: To evaluate the body image of university students in the course of nutrition. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 181 students of both genders from the Nutrition Undergraduate of Maranhão, Brazil. The presence and degree of dissatisfaction with body shape were evaluated by Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ 34), another instrument used in this study was Body Figure Silhouettes (BFS). Results: The participants presented mean age of 23.1 (±5.2) years, majority women (89.5%). Most of the subjects were eutrophic (66.9%) according to BMI, and no image perception disorder according to BSQ34. According to the BSF, 56 students had the silhouette represented by figure 4, however, the figure most desired by 111 students was demonstrated by silhouette 3, (p-value 0.000). Demonstrating the desire for weight loss of the majority, despite being represented by a silhouette eutrophic. Conclusion: Most (66.9%) eutrophic, according to BMI and without image disturbances (54.7%) according to BSQ 34. However, there is a trend of overweight and obese individuals presenting with image disorders.
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Hodge, Carole Nhu'y, Linda A. Jackson, and Linda A. Sullivan. "The “Freshman 15”: Facts and Fantasies About Weight Gain in College Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 17, no. 1 (March 1993): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00680.x.
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This research tested the hypothesis that the “freshman 15” may be more fantasy than fact. The “freshman 15” refers to the belief that college students, particularly women, gain an average of 15 pounds during their first year of college. Female college students were weighed during their first month at college and again 6 months later. They also completed measures of self-esteem, body image, locus of control, and self-monitoring. Findings indicated that the majority of women remained the same weight during the first 6 months of college. A favorable body image was related to less weight loss among those who lost weight, but none of the other characteristics were related to weight change.
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Lewis, Vivien J., Alan J. Blair, and David A. Booth. "Outcome of Group Therapy for Body-Image Emotionality and Weight-Control Self-Efficacy." Behavioural Psychotherapy 20, no. 2 (April 1992): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300016931.
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Long-term maintenance of weight loss is generally poor after clinical interventions, whether behavioural, cognitive-behavioural, dietary, pharmacological or surgical. This may be because self-assertion regarding body shape and self-efficacy in weight control are insufficiently encouraged in clients. Semi-structured group therapy sessions with written handouts were therefore designed to strengthen personal effectiveness and self-esteem. The therapy sessions also provided information about successful dieting behaviour, and encouragement of less switching between dieting strategies, less emotional eating, and more resistance to inappropriate social pressures. The clients were 24 women with a median (range) Body Mass Index of 28.9 (24.6–48.5) kg/m2, referred by their General Practitioners or self-referred. They participated in eight weekly therapeutic sessions in four groups and were followed up six months after the final session. There were large improvements during therapy in reported self-esteem, emotional overeating, personal effectiveness and self-efficacy, habit variation, and attitudes to body-size, improvements which were maintained at follow-up. In addition, there was a significant loss of body weight during therapy, with further loss observed at follow-up. Thus it is practicable to achieve marked reductions in professed problems with body image and eating control, changes that are theoretically necessary to empower clients to choose appropriate weight targets and to make progress towards them.
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Riley, N. M., D. E. Bild, L. Cooper, P. Schreiner, D. E. Smith, P. Sorlie, and J. K. Thompson. "Relation of Self-Image to Body Size and Weight Loss Attempts in Black Women: The CARDIA Study." American Journal of Epidemiology 148, no. 11 (December 1, 1998): 1062–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009583.
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Rieger, Erin Yildirim, Laura Terragni, and Elzbieta Anna Czapka. "Experiences and perceptions of body weight among Turkish immigrant women in Norway." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 17, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-08-2020-0077.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore beliefs and experiences of Turkish immigrant women in Norway related to body weight, nutrition and exercise practices. Design/methodology/approach This study has a qualitative research design. Ten semi-structured interviews and a focus group were conducted with a purposive sample of Turkish immigrant women residing in Oslo, Norway. Themes were identified in the transcripts using systematic text condensation. Findings Participants viewed Turkish women as more commonly overweight or obese compared to Norwegian women. Weight was discussed openly among Turkish women and a preference to lose weight, both as individuals and among community members more broadly, also emerged. For participants, this represented a generational shift. Participants identified their barriers to weight loss, including norms around socialization and food in their community and exercise and eating practices during the long Nordic winter. Practical implications Participants expressed a tension between concern about health impacts of overweight and obesity and the desire to uphold cultural practices around food. Weight-related health-care initiatives for Turkish immigrant women can take into account such experiences shaped by their interaction with multiple cultures. Originality/value Participants emphasized that perspectives about weight in their Turkish immigrant community were influenced by the transition toward thin weight ideals in Turkey. Self-image regarding weight was also situated within the context of being immigrants in Norway.
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Braun, Tosca D., Crystal L. Park, Amy A. Gorin, Hilary Garivaltis, Jessica J. Noggle, and Lisa A. Conboy. "Group-Based Yogic Weight Loss with Ayurveda-Inspired Components: A Pilot Investigation of Female Yoga Practitioners and Novices." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/1531-2054-26.1.55.
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Introduction: Overweight/obesity is a pressing international health concern and conventional treatments demonstrate poor long-term efficacy. Preliminary evidence suggests yoga and Ayurveda may be promising approaches, although recent NHIS estimates indicate rare utilization of Ayurveda in the US. Group-based curricula that integrate yoga and Ayurveda-inspired principles to attenuate overweight and obesity across individuals may prove a feasible, disseminable clinical adjunct to facilitate psychosocial health and weight loss and/or maintenance. Aims: Determine feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a ten-week yoga - based, Ayurveda-inspired weight management curriculum (YWL) piloted in female yoga practitioners (Study 1) then refined and tailored for yoga naïves (Study 2), on self-reported psychosocial process variables and % of self-reported total body weight loss (%TBWL). Methodology: Study 1 enrolled 22 yoga-experienced women (48.2 ± 14.3 years, BMI 30.8 ± 4.2 kg/m2) in a 10-week yoga-based program (YWL-YE). Study 2 enrolled 21 yoga- naïve women (49.4 ± 10.7 years, BMI 35.5 ± 6.8 kg/m2) in a revised 10-week program (YWL-YN). Self-reported weight and self-ratings of mindful eating behavior, body image disturbance, weight loss self-efficacy, body awareness, and self-compassion were collected at baseline, post-treatment (T2), and 3-month follow- up (T3). Results: YWL curricula was feasible in both studies. While attrition rates for both studies favorably compared to other weight management studies, attrition was higher for YWL-YN (28.6%) than YWL-YE (18.2%). In both studies, self-reported process variables and self-reported % TBWL changed in hypothesized directions at T2 and evidenced greater improvement at T3; effect sizes across all process variables were medium (−0.4) to large (−1.8). % TBWL reached clinical significance (>5%) only at T3 for the YWL-YE group. Conclusions: The YWL curricula employed here appear to improve psychosocial health among both overweight/obese yoga-experienced and yoga- naïve women. Results must be interpreted with caution due to study design, self-report assessments, and other limitations. Nonetheless, hypotheses are generated for future investigation.
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Deike, E., M. Galbreath, J. Hartman, M. Serra, R. Li, J. Jitomir, B. Shelmadine, et al. "Effects of the Curves® fitness & weight loss program in senior‐aged women: body image & self esteem." FASEB Journal 22, S2 (April 2008): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.790.
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Segar, Michelle L., John A. Updegraff, Brian J. Zikmund-Fisher, and Caroline R. Richardson. "Physical Activity Advertisements That Feature Daily Well-Being Improve Autonomy and Body Image in Overweight Women but Not Men." Journal of Obesity 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/354721.
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The reasons for exercising that are featured in health communications brand exercise and socialize individuals about why they should be physically active. Discovering which reasons for exercising are associated with high-quality motivation and behavioral regulation is essential to promoting physical activity and weight control that can be sustained over time. This study investigates whether framing physical activity in advertisements featuring distinct types of goals differentially influences body image and behavioral regulations based on self-determination theory among overweight and obese individuals. Using a three-arm randomized trial, overweight and obese women and men (aged 40–60 yr,n=1690) read one of three ads framing physical activity as a way to achieve (1) better health, (2) weight loss, or (3) daily well-being. Framing effects were estimated in an ANOVA model with pairwise comparisons using the Bonferroni correction. This study showed that there are immediate framing effects on physical activity behavioral regulations and body image from reading a one-page advertisement about physical activity and that gender and BMI moderate these effects. Framing physical activity as a way to enhance daily well-being positively influenced participants’ perceptions about the experience of being physically active and enhanced body image among overweight women, but not men. The experiment had less impact among the obese study participants compared to those who were overweight. These findings support a growing body of research suggesting that, compared to weight loss, framing physical activity for daily well-being is a better gain-frame message for overweight women in midlife.
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de Lourdes, Marta, Luísa Cerqueira, Ana Pinto-Bastos, João Marôco, Lara Palmeira, Isabel Brandão, Ana Rita Vaz, and Eva Conceição. "Understanding Uncontrolled Eating after Bariatric Surgery: The Role of Excessive Skin and Body Image Shame." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 2967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132967.
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Excess skin and disordered eating behaviors are referred to as some of the major negative consequences of bariatric surgery as well as body image shame. This study sought to explore how discomfort with excessive skin, body image shame, psychological distress, eating-related psychopathology, and negative urgency interact to understand uncontrolled eating among woman submitted to bariatric surgery. A cross-sectional sample of 137 women was evaluated postoperatively through self-report questionnaires assessing discomfort with excess skin, body image shame, eating-related psychopathology, negative urgency, and uncontrolled eating in a hospital center in the north of Portugal. Pearson correlations and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were performed. Body image shame mediated the relationship between discomfort with excess skin and eating-related psychopathology. In turn, the relationship between eating-related psychopathology and uncontrolled eating was mediated by negative urgency. This study highlights the impact of excess skin and body image shame on eating behavior post-bariatric-surgery. Considering the proven impact of uncontrolled eating on weight-loss results post-surgery, understanding the mechanisms underlying this problem is highly important. Our findings provide helpful insight for multidisciplinary teams committed to providing care to bariatric patients struggling with body image and eating difficulties.
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O'Dougherty, Maureen, Mindy S. Kurzer, and Kathryn H. Schmitz. "Shifting Motivations: Young Women’s Reflections on Physical Activity Over Time and Across Contexts." Health Education & Behavior 37, no. 4 (June 8, 2010): 547–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198110361316.
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This research analyzes motivations expressed by young, healthy, sedentary women before and after an exercise intervention. Young women (aged 18-30, n = 39) participated in focus groups or interviews during a 4-month exercise intervention. Afterward, 22 of these women and 20 controls completed physical activity diaries for 6 months and were interviewed. For the majority of women ( n = 24), obligation to the study prevailed as the motivator during the intervention. Some ( n = 15) became physically active for their own benefit. Afterward, exercisers and controls said they were physically active to feel better and/or healthy ( n = 20), for body image and/ or weight loss ( n = 20), or both. Women expressed motivations for physical activity in ways that resonated with self-determination theory. Their commentaries expand on theory to include experiencing multiple motivations simultaneously and motivations shifting over time and in differing contexts. Social motivations were compelling, both those associated with societal values (research, health) and cultural trends (body image).
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Bick, Debra, Cath Taylor, Vanita Bhavnani, Andy Healey, Paul Seed, Sarah Roberts, Magdalena Zasada, et al. "Lifestyle information and access to a commercial weight management group to promote maternal postnatal weight management and positive lifestyle behaviour: the SWAN feasibility RCT." Public Health Research 8, no. 9 (July 2020): 1–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr08090.
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Background Increasing numbers of UK women have overweight or obese body mass index scores when they become pregnant, or gain excessive weight in pregnancy, increasing their risk of adverse outcomes. Failure to manage postnatal weight is linked to smoking, non-healthy dietary choices, lack of regular exercise and poorer longer-term health. Women living in areas of higher social deprivation are more likely to experience weight management problems postnatally. Objectives The objectives were to assess the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of lifestyle information and access to a commercial weight management group focusing on self-monitoring, goal-setting and motivation to achieve dietary change commencing 8–16 weeks postnatally to achieve and maintain weight management and positive lifestyle behaviour. Design The design was a randomised two-arm feasibility trial with a nested mixed-methods process evaluation. Setting The setting was a single centre in an inner city setting in the south of England. Participants Participants were women with body mass index scores of > 25 kg/m2 at antenatal ‘booking’ and women with normal body mass index scores (18.0–24.9 kg/m2) at antenatal booking who developed excessive gestational weight gain as assessed at 36 weeks’ gestation. Main outcome measures Recruitment, retention, acceptability of trial processes and identification of relevant economic data were the feasibility objectives. The proposed primary outcome was difference between groups in weight at 12 months postnatally, expressed as percentage weight change and weight loss from antenatal booking. Other proposed outcomes included assessment of diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, body image, maternal esteem, mental health, infant feeding and NHS costs. Results Most objectives were achieved. A total of 193 women were recruited, 98 allocated to the intervention arm and 95 to the control arm. High follow-up rates (> 80%) were achieved to 12 months. There was an 8.8% difference in weight loss at 12 months between women allocated to the intervention arm and women allocated to the control arm (13.0% vs. 4.2%, respectively; p = 0.062); 47% of women in the intervention arm attended at least one weight management session, with low risk of contamination between arms. The greatest benefit was among women who attended ≥ 10 sessions. Barriers to attending sessions included capability, opportunity and motivation issues. Data collection tools were appropriate to support economic evaluation in a definitive trial, and economic modelling is feasible to quantify resource impacts and outcomes not directly measurable within a trial. Limitations The trial recruited from only one site. It was not possible to recruit women with normal body mass index scores who developed excessive pregnancy weight gain. Conclusions It was feasible to recruit and retain women with overweight or obese body mass index scores at antenatal booking to a trial comparing postnatal weight management plus standard care with standard care only and collect relevant data to assess outcomes. Approaches to recruit women with normal body mass index scores who gain excessive gestational weight need to be considered. Commercial weight management groups could support women’s weight management as assessed at 12 months postnatally, with probable greater benefit from attending ≥ 10 sessions. Process evaluation findings highlighted the importance of providing more information about the intervention on trial allocation, extended duration of time to commence sessions following birth and extended number of sessions offered to enhance uptake and retention. Results support the conduct of a future randomised controlled trial. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN39186148. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 9. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Singh, Aatma, Kiran Bains, and Harpreet Kaur. "Progression of anorexia nervosa: An insight into neurological and biological mechanisms influencing the personality patterns of anorexics." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2495.
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Anorexia nervosa has emerged as a prominent eating disorder affecting young women. This disorder's fundamental characteristic is an abnormally low weight achieved by severe calorie restriction and refusal to maintain body weight at or above the minimally normal weight for age and height. It is a complex disorder with its origins still not explicitly defined. In anorexic individuals, an imbalance in the molecular signalling and hypothalamic neuropeptides is believed to be significantly responsible for alterations in the biological mechanisms associated with body weight, appetite and energy homeostasis. The imbalance between the genetic systems such as serotonin, dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, estrogen and their interactions are significantly observed in anorexic as well as recovered anorexic individuals. The dopaminergic pathway is involved in reward mechanisms but its dysfunction might cause weight loss, food aversion, hyperactivity, obsessive compulsive behaviours, distorted body image. An abnormal serotonin function reveals personality traits such as rigidity, inhibition, anxiety, inflexibility, perfectionism and harm avoidance. The Met66 variant of brain derived neurotrophic factor is strongly associated with the development of restricting-type anorexia nervosa. The development of anorexia has been linked to estrogen receptor beta gene variants, which also regulate food intake and states of anxiety and depression.This review discusses the neurobiological dysregulations because of which anorexics tend to have a distinct personality profile characterized by behaviour patterns comprising perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive disorder, harm avoidance, alexithymia, anger suppression, anxiety, rigidity, novelty seeking, anhedonia, depression, impulsivity, substance abuse, self harm etc. Heterogeneities in the characteristic profile are observed based on the subdivisions of anorexia nervosa. The impact of malnutrition has also been scrutinized.
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Mishra, Suman. "From self-control to self-improvement: evolving messages and persuasion techniques in weight loss advertising (1930–1990)." Visual Communication 16, no. 4 (September 26, 2017): 467–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470357217717376.
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This study examines six decades (1930 to 1990) of weight loss advertising in the New York Times, using a combination of qualitative content analysis and textual analysis methods to understand how the discourse of weight loss has evolved over the years in the United States. The findings of the study show that the discourse of weight loss evolved from self-control to self-improvement. It also notes greater representations of white women in weight loss advertising. Women’s portrayals evolve from glamorous and thin to curvaceous, feminine and sexually appealing, to youthful, bold and confident and finally to strong and muscular. The study concludes that weight loss advertising reflects the changing roles for woman in society, while simultaneously influencing attitudes about beauty and body though the creation of new cultural images. Collectively, the advertisements cultivate the belief among women that by controlling their bodies through diet and exercise, women can achieve success in all aspects of their lives, from relationships to careers.
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Mnif, L., J. Masmoudi, I. Feki, N. Charfi, I. Bâati, and A. Jaoua. "Sexuality and body image: What link?" European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1674. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73378-8.
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IntroductionResarches on body image suggest a link with sexuality.The objective of our study was to investigate Tunisian women's perceptions of their bodies and its involvement on sexuality.Methods and patientsA total of 100 Tunisian women were interviewed using a self-administered questionnaire which explores: -Clinical data: weight, height, hormonal status-The perception of women to their bodies and their husband's perception.-The impact of body image on sexual activityResultsWomen's body image was positive in most cases: The body is seen as female in 94% of cases, young in 76% of cases, physically attractive in 66% and erotic in 51% of cases.Eighty five percent of women were satisfied with their sexual activity. These women report having an erotic body (p = 0.009) and source of self-confidence (p = 0.002).Half of women said that their body image allowed them to take the initiative in sexual activity and to have a satisfying desire (p = 0.003).A positive perception of the spouse of a woman's body influenced significantly the sexual behavior of women: more interest to intimate moments (p = 0.001), ability to initiate sexual activity (p = 0.014) and sexual satisfaction (p = 0.018).ConclusionOur study shows the positive role of an adequate perception of body image of women by herself and her spouse about sexuality, through its influence on self-esteem and confidence. It would be interesting to consider these dimensions in any treatment of sexual disorders.
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Christensen, Vibeke Tornhøj, and Mads Meier Jæger. "Weight and social comparison: Does the weight of a stranger affect a person’s perception of their own weight?" Health Psychology Open 5, no. 2 (July 2018): 205510291881926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102918819260.
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Research suggests that social context affects individuals’ perception of their own weight. Using face-to-face interviews as the social context, we analyze the effect of interviewers’ (N = 90) body mass index on respondents’ (N = 3068) self-perceived weight level. Respondents reported a higher weight level when the interviewer had a higher body mass index (absolute social comparison). Female respondents reported a lower weight level if interviewers had a higher body mass index than they did (relative social comparison). Results suggest that weight perception reflects both absolute and relative social comparison, especially among women. Future research should consider causation and self-selection when studying social context and body image.
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Ayaso-Maneiro, Javier, Diego M. Domínguez-Prado, and José L. García-Soidan. "Influence of weight loss therapy programs in body image self-perception in adults with intellectual disabilities." International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology 14, no. 3 (September 2014): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2014.03.002.
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Riggs, Amy Jo, Bridget F. Melton, Lauren E. Bigham, and Jian Zhang. "Body Weight Misconception and Maintenance Among Female African American College Students." Journal of Black Studies 48, no. 7 (June 14, 2017): 698–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934717715021.
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The purpose of this study was to compare self-reported weight classifications with objectively measured body mass index (BMI) and weight management motivations among female African American (AA) students in a mid-size southeastern university in a rural setting. Participants were recruited from general health class to complete a brief survey, and their height/weight was measured. Chi-square tests were performed to investigate whether mismatch occurred between self-perceived weight classification and directly measured BMI, and the relationship between body weight loss effort and self-perceived body weight. Among the women who were classified as overweight or obese based on direct measurements, 29.63% and 11.59% felt they were normal weight, respectively. Almost one third of the overweight college females perceived their body weight incorrectly and body weight perception is a significant factor driving the body weight control efforts. Appropriate programs for body weight perception and weight control behavior for AA female college students should be developed and implemented.
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Birtchnell, Sandra A., J. Hubert Lacey, and Anne Harte. "Body Image Distortion in Bulimia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 147, no. 4 (October 1985): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.4.408.
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Body image perception was measured in 50 women with bulima nervosa and 19 age and weight matched female controls, using a visual size estimation apparatus. Both groups overestimated body widths, but not the width of a neutral object, and whilst there was a trend for bulimics to overestimate more than controls this did not reach significance. The part of the body most overestimated corresponded to the part most disliked in only a third of both groups. The bulimics without a previous history of anorexia nervosa overestimated body width more than those with such a history; this may be related to the fact that the former had a significantly greater weight index. Bulimics who were within 5% of mean-matched population weight overestimated body width less than the others, this difference reaching significance when compared with the heavier groups; a similar, but non-significant, trend was demonstrated in controls. This may be linked to a greater dissatisfaction with body size. Duration of illness, frequency of bingeing and self-induced vomiting were not shown significantly to alter body size estimation. The bulimics who completed a 10-session outpatient treatment programme subsequently demonstrated a significant decrease in overestimation of waist and hip width.
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Agyapong, Nana Ama Frimpomaa, Reginald Adjetey Annan, Charles Apprey, and Linda Nana Esi Aduku. "Body Weight, Obesity Perception, and Actions to Achieve Desired Weight among Rural and Urban Ghanaian Adults." Journal of Obesity 2020 (March 13, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7103251.
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Background. Accurate body weight perception is important to maintaining an ideal body weight. In Africa, a preference for a larger body size and its association with health and wellbeing has been well documented. It remains speculative if these perceptions have changed or improved and if differences exist among rural and urban dwellers. The main aim of this study was to assess the body weight and obesity perceptions among rural and urban Ghanaians. Methods. This cross-sectional study involved 565 participants. The Stunkard figure rating scale was used to assess the body weight perception of participants. Participants were to choose from the scale figures they perceived to represent their current body weight, desired body weight, ideal body weight, ideal look for a wealthy person, ideal look for a woman with children, and ideal look for a woman without children. Additionally, participants were asked to describe obesity and its threat to health in their terms. Responses of participants to the above questions are presented as frequencies. Differences between rural and urban participants as well as males and females with respect to the median figure chosen for each question were determined by Mann–Whitney U test. Results. The median age of participants was 40 (IQR 26). The prevalence of overweight and obesity observed among participants was 52.8%. The most frequently selected figure as current body image was figure 5 (23.5%). Figure 4 was most frequently chosen by both males (37.2%) and females (24.6%) as their desired body image (27.4%). Male participants (41.8%) chose figure 5 as ideal for their gender while females (27.4%) maintained figure 4 as ideal for their gender. Study participants associated overweight with wealth and childbirth, and attributed their current weights to hereditary (27%) and childbirth (27%). Most participants were not taking steps to achieve their desired body image, and only a few engaged in both dieting and exercise to lose weight. Majority of participants described obesity as the accumulation of fat (91.0%) and viewed it as a threat to health (91.0%). Differences were observed among rural and urban participants with regard to the figure chosen as ideal for a wealthy person. Conclusion. Results from this study show an improvement in obesity perception and the acknowledgment of obesity as a threat to health. There was a desire for a normal-weight figure among study participants. Attribution of current body weight to hereditary and childbirth seems to be a hindrance to the implementation of actions to achieve this normal figure weight. Public health education, screening for overweight and obesity, creation of supportive food environments, and culture-sensitive interventions are promising to curbing the obesity menace.
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Mölbert, S. C., A. Thaler, B. J. Mohler, S. Streuber, J. Romero, M. J. Black, S. Zipfel, H. O. Karnath, and K. E. Giel. "Assessing body image in anorexia nervosa using biometric self-avatars in virtual reality: Attitudinal components rather than visual body size estimation are distorted." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 4 (July 26, 2017): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717002008.
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BackgroundBody image disturbance (BID) is a core symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN), but as yet distinctive features of BID are unknown. The present study aimed at disentangling perceptual and attitudinal components of BID in AN.MethodsWe investigated n = 24 women with AN and n = 24 controls. Based on a three-dimensional (3D) body scan, we created realistic virtual 3D bodies (avatars) for each participant that were varied through a range of ±20% of the participants’ weights. Avatars were presented in a virtual reality mirror scenario. Using different psychophysical tasks, participants identified and adjusted their actual and their desired body weight. To test for general perceptual biases in estimating body weight, a second experiment investigated perception of weight and shape matched avatars with another identity.ResultsWomen with AN and controls underestimated their weight, with a trend that women with AN underestimated more. The average desired body of controls had normal weight while the average desired weight of women with AN corresponded to extreme AN (DSM-5). Correlation analyses revealed that desired body weight, but not accuracy of weight estimation, was associated with eating disorder symptoms. In the second experiment, both groups estimated accurately while the most attractive body was similar to Experiment 1.ConclusionsOur results contradict the widespread assumption that patients with AN overestimate their body weight due to visual distortions. Rather, they illustrate that BID might be driven by distorted attitudes with regard to the desired body. Clinical interventions should aim at helping patients with AN to change their desired weight.
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Guthrie, Sharon R., Cathy Ferguson, and Dixie Grimmett. "Elite Women Bodybuilders: Ironing out Nutritional Misconceptions." Sport Psychologist 8, no. 3 (September 1994): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.8.3.271.
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This research examined the nutritional practices and body images of 13 competitive women bodybuilders living in southern California and in the Midwest. Data collection included both structured interviews and survey methods. Findings indicate nutritional health and positive body image among this sample of women. None of the bodybuilders had anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) criteria, were binge eaters or used pathogenic weight control measures. Instead, they reported significant improvement in their nutritional attitudes and behaviors after beginning bodybuilding training. These data suggest a relationship between participating in competitive bodybuilding and other behaviors related to nutrition and self-perception.
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Long, Clive, and Fiona Mason. "Improving health and wellbeing in women's secure services: physical activity, appearance, self-care and body image." Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care 7, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eihsc-10-2013-0037.
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Purpose – Lifestyle change to improve physical health is a significant challenge in secure psychiatric hospitals for women. In addition to factors that contribute to an obesogenic environments body image, self-care, self-esteem, and motivational problems compound efforts to increase physical activity and to lose weight. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Two elements of a comprehensive programme to improve physical health and mental wellbeing are discussed. The first describes the development of a unique role of self-care and body image therapists and an evaluation of the effects of treatment. The second describes initiatives to assess the environmental and therapeutic milieu contingencies that impact on physical activity and to increase engagement in exercise through motivational strategies. Findings – Research within the current settings has resulted in a validation of the role of the self-care and body image therapist. Other evaluations have described the environmental contingencies that impact on physical activity along with strategies to increase exercise participation. Originality/value – While much has to be learnt about how to translate awareness of the value of a healthy lifestyle for women into positive behaviour change the programme described represents part of a comprehensive and long term attempt to evaluate and improve the physical wellbeing of women in secure care.
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Magdaleno, R., E. A. Chaim, and E. R. Turato. "Body contouring following bariatric surgery: emotional meanings for patients of a public outpatient service in the Southeast Brazil." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72439-7.
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IntroductionMorbid obesity is accompanied by impairment of the body image. Bariatric surgery is seen like a solution for the problems concerning body image. An element that contributes to disillusions with the results is when patients realize that their bodies, even though thinner, still maintain the sequel of obesity, flaccidity and excess skin. Once weight loss has been achieved, the body image is not infrequently cosmetically unacceptable. To complete treatment, body contouring procedures are performed.Aim of this studyTo understand the emotional meaning of body contouring after bariatric surgery.MethodClinical-qualitative method, semi-directed interviews with open-ended questions.ResultsShame that had previously been attributed to obesity is attributed to the sequel of obesity that contributes to the frustrated expectations of having a beautiful and healthy body. The risk of isolation and lose interest to fulfil the objectives of surgery is great. Plastic surgery takes the place occupied by bariatric surgery, that is, the hope of achieving acceptance.ConclusionBody contouring following significant weight loss can re-establish a good psychosocial functioning because of the perception of improved body image. The plastic surgery is accompanied by a substantial normalization of the self esteem. It could gradually lead to the cessation of distressing and pathological body-related behaviour. The psychosocial benefits of plastic surgery are: increase self-esteem, improved self-confidence, more intense social activities, better interpersonal relationships, relief from depression and anxiety, improvement in emotional stability, better relationship with colleagues and partner, less stigmatization, better sexual performance and fewer physical limitations during sexual intercourse.
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Merten, Michael J., and Amanda L. Williams. "Body mass index, self-esteem and weight contentment from adolescence to young adulthood and women’s risk for sexually transmitted disease." Sexual Health 11, no. 6 (2014): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14020.
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Background Women’s risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were examined in terms of adolescent and young adult weight status, self-esteem trajectories and weight contentment using two waves of a nationally representative dataset. Methods: Using Waves 1 and 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, body mass index (BMI), self-esteem and weight contentment were examined during adolescence and young adulthood to assess the likelihood of STDs among 4000 young adult single women. Results: Change in BMI, specifically weight loss between adolescence and young adulthood, significantly increased women’s risk for STDs. Continuously low self-esteem during adolescence and young adulthood significantly increased women’s risk for STDs. When women’s contentment with their weight decreased from adolescence to young adulthood, women’s risk for STDs was greater. Regardless of other variables, Black women were more likely to have an STD. Conclusions: Results suggest that women’s self-perception is important in reducing sexual risk; specifically, patterns of self-esteem, BMI and weight contentment across developmental periods should be a critical focus of research and practice related to adolescent and young adult sexual health. There are many known benefits to fostering self-esteem during adolescence and findings from this study add STD prevention among young women to this list. Results emphasise the needed prevention during adolescence to address self-perspective and self-esteem for the long-term sexual well-being of young women.
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Khalaf, Atika, Albert Westergren, Vanja Berggren, Örjan Ekblom, and Hazzaa M. Al-Hazzaa. "Perceived and Ideal Body Image in Young Women in South Western Saudi Arabia." Journal of Obesity 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/697163.
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Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate perceived and ideal body image (BI) and associated factors among female university students in Saudi Arabia.Methods. This cross-sectional study included 663 university female students. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, BMI, and BI perception (the 9-figure silhouette) were obtained. Descriptive and logistic regression analysis were conducted.Results. An agreement between actual, perceived, and ideal BI was found in 23% of the participants. Behavioral (activity levels), social (presence of obese parents and fathers’ level of education), and economic factors (households’ monthly income, number of cars in the household, and kind of residence) were positively and significantly associated with the desire to be thinner. Similarly, socioeconomic associations (number of sisters and number of cars in the household) correlated positively and significantly with the desire to be heavier.Conclusions. The whole family should rather be considered in interventions related to appearance concerns and BI discrepancies. Furthermore, campaigns targeting improvement of adolescents’ physical self-image should be a major priority of the public health sector.
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Gabel, Kelsey, Kristin K. Hoddy, and Krista A. Varady. "Safety of 8-h time restricted feeding in adults with obesity." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 44, no. 1 (January 2019): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0389.
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This study examines the safety of time restricted feeding (TRF; 8-h feeding window/16-h fasting window daily) in obese adults. Twenty-three subjects participated in an 8-h TRF intervention for 12 weeks. Self-reported adverse events, body image perception, complete blood count, and disordered eating patterns did not change from baseline to week 12. These findings suggest that consuming food within an 8-h window can safely facilitate weight loss in subjects with obesity.
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Budge, Sophie, and Agnieszka Jaworowska. "Measured and Perceived Body Weight Status of Women in the Peruvian Amazon." Medicina 56, no. 8 (July 26, 2020): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080375.
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Background and objectives: The prevalence of obesity among adults has reached epidemic proportions in Latin America, placing large demands on health care systems. Research suggests cultural differences in body weight perceptions may be a barrier during the implementation of weight-loss strategies. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of weight misperception in Peruvian women and evaluate contributing factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 236 women were recruited in San Martín, northern Peru. Participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes towards their weight and health were collected. Self-perception of weight status was assessed with a 10-point scale and compared with measured body mass index (BMI). Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with underestimation of weight status. Results: A total of 65.2% of women were classified as overweight/obese by BMI, but only 15.2% perceived themselves so. A total of 70.4% of women underestimated their weight status and no incidence of overestimation was reported. Overweight and obese women were more likely to underestimate their weight status than normal weight women (OR (Odds Ratio): 34.24, 95% CI (Confidence Interval): 11.55–101.45; OR: 42.06, 95% CI: 11.17–158.32, respectively). Women who underestimated weight status felt more comfortable with their weight (59.3% vs. 20.6, p < 0.001) and agreed a large stomach is a sign of good health (40.7% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001) versus those who correctly estimated. Conclusions: Underestimation of weigh status was highly prevalent and associated with unhealthy beliefs. Future public health programs must be culturally sensitive and tailored to specific groups within the population.
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Stefanile, Cristina, Camilla Matera, Elena Pisani, and Ilaria Zambrini. "Insoddisfazione corporea in adolescenza: influenze di fattori bio-psico-sociali." PSICOLOGIA DELLA SALUTE, no. 2 (November 2009): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pds2009-002004.
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- Body dissatisfaction is a central aspect for self-evaluation; pressures to maintain an ideal physique can result in disordered eating habits. In young women, body concern and anxiety related to some parts of it can be expressed through their desire to lose weight. The aim of the study is to analyze the role of some risk factors, such as Body Mass Index (BMI), low self-esteem and sociocultural influences in affecting body dissatisfaction, expressed in terms of distance from an ideal and body concern. Participants are 187 adolescent females aged between 14 and 16. Risk factors taken into consideration seem to have a different effect on the two aspects characterizing dissatisfaction. BMI, self-esteem and internalization of a thin ideal seem to influence the distance perceived from an ideal body; pressure, besides BMI and self-esteem, affect weight and body shape concern. Body shape concern seems to be influenced even by internalization and awareness. It can be observed that such risk factors, in particular BMI, play a different role in adolescents classified as normal weight and underweight.Parole chiave: immagine corporea, insoddisfazione corporea, adolescenti femmine, influenze socioculturali, autostima, indice di massa corporeaKey words: body image, body dissatisfaction, adolescent girls, sociocultural influences, selfesteem, body mass index
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Lindeman, Alice K. "Self-Esteemml: Its Application to Eating Disorders and Athletes." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 4, no. 3 (September 1994): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.4.3.237.
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Self-esteem, a hierarchical and multifactorial perception, can be described as the extent to which a person feels positive about himself or herself. Social factors such as life satisfaction, sex, age, and strongly held values can affect self-esteem. Low self-esteem Is a well-recognized trait of those with eating disorders and may be associated with a heightened self-awareness. Body dissatisfaction, common among women in Western society, may enhance this awareness. Athletes, especially those with eating disorders, are perfectionists and have acute body awareness and a sense of loss of control Control is a crucial issue with these athletes. Before any nutrition counseling starts, readiness to listen should be assessed in conjunction with a mental health professional. Various tools are available to assess the eating disordered athlete's self-esteem, body image, and eating behavior. Nutrition counseling can help the athlete overcome an eating disorder by clarifying misconceptions and focusing on the role of nutrition in promoting health and athletic performance.
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Almeida, Ana Caroline de Sousa, Carolina Cunha de Oliveira, Andrea Costa Goes, Mylena Alves Santos, and Rafaela de Siqueira Oliveira. "Estado nutricional e percepção da imagem corporal de usuários da atenção básica de uma cidade do interior da Bahia." Abr-Jun 2, no. 35 (July 20, 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37111/braspenj.2020352003.
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Introduction: Currently, there is a greater concern of individuals with vision and imposition of perfect body. The change in the perception of the body image is motivated by social, environmental and, strongly, by the media, which imposes a beauty pattern associated with thinness or muscular bodies. A distorted view of the actual body image has repercussions on the levels of well-being and self-esteem, as well as in the decision-making related to nutrition and health in general. The objective of this study is to verify the anthropometric nutritional status and perception of the body image of users of primary care. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with users of primary care in the city of Fátima-Bahia. Socio-demographic information, anthropometric evaluation (weight, height and waist circumference) and perception of ideal and real body image were collected. Results: 89 users participating in the HiperDia program participated in the study, the most were women (87.6%) and adults (67.4%). Regarding nutritional status, 61.8% were overweight and 79.8% had abdominal fat accumulation. Most of the individuals showed dissatisfaction due to overweight (78.7%) and 6.7% of dissatisfaction for thinness. Of the individuals with adequate nutritional status, 73.5% also had some type of body dissatisfaction (both for thinness or excess). Conclusion: The majority of subjects presented with overweight and body image dissatisfaction. It is essential to evaluate the body image of the individuals on the part of the health professionals, assisting the clinical practice and guaranteeing an integral attention to the individual.
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Rosiek, Stanisław. "Ciała pozbawiane powierzchni. Imago." Schulz/Forum, no. 13 (October 28, 2019): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/sf.2019.13.01.
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Both drawings (the one from the first page of the fascicle and the other from the outer side of the cover) show two degrees, two stages of the decomposition of form. In the same process, bodies lose their integrity. They were shown by Schulz as a series of leaping aspects which are disconnected, hence discontinuous. The drawings were made in the 1930s. The beginning of the draughtsman’s development did not anticipate such a great catastrophe of bodily forms. In his works from the second and in part also third decade of the 20th century Schulz defined human figures precisely and unambiguously. Then, however, the proud poses which he took when drawing himself (e. g., in his narcissistic Lvov portrait) or other figures (Budracka or Weingarten) probably could not be repeated. In the final decade of his life (and artistic activity) Schulz was drawing differently, perhaps because he perceived himself and the others in a different way. The body? The draughtsman presents it as just a cluster of vibrating lines. A self-portrait? It is possible only as a psychological study, an exaggerated caricature that stresses individual traits or an icon of oneself (the big head with a hat on top, a small size). In hundreds of compulsive sketches drawn in the 1930s even those principles were not respected any more. The bodies that Schulz drew then, no matter if it was his own body or someone else’s, often approach a boundary behind which there is only trembling. Displacement and movement. Schulz’s sketches do not search for form. They are testimonies of its destruction or maybe better, its palpitation, solution and scattering.
For the eye, the body is a phenomenon of the surface. It is only the reduction of distance in an act of love (or aggression) or even a common handshake that change that state. Perhaps then the problem of Schulz’s representation of the body is reduced to perception. The drawn body has no smell or weight (or taste – it is not “meaty”). One cannot even touch it. A hand that makes an attempt to touch naked women, who in Schulz’s drawings take majestic and provocative poses, touches only a sheet of paper. The drawn body exists just for the eye. Thus the last chance for the existing body is keeping its surface. Why is it then that the body from Schulz’s late drawings loses its integrity, why does it so often fall apart under our eyes? What is the body for Schulz-the draughtsman and Schulz-the writer? How does he experience his own corporeality? How does he see himself? How do others see him?
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Selfia Sentana, Arini Chikita. "Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi "Body Image Satisfaction" dan Niat Beli Perempuan Millenial." Jurnal Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/jbk.v15i1.1225.
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Wanita menggunakan pakaian untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kepercayaan diri dan meningkatkan kepuasan citra tubuh mereka secara keseluruhan. Karena faktor-faktor ini ada peningkatan minat pada citra tubuh, wanita Generasi Y dan keputusan pembelian mereka. Konsumen selalu mencari produk untuk mendefinisikan diri mereka sebagai individu dengan demikian menciptakan rasa identitas diri.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor citra tubuh apa saja yang mempengaruhi kepuasan citra tubuh pada perempuan millennial, menganalisis peran ukuran tubuh pada konsumen perempuan pada niat beli pasif dan niat beli aktif dan untuk menganalisis perbedaan faktor-faktor kepuasan citra tubuh dan niat beli pasif dan aktif ditinjau dari BMI. Sampel yang diteliti adalah 297 responden perempuan millennial yang pernah atau sedang melakukan diet.Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Faktor Selebriti, Faktor Lingkungan, Faktor Kepribadian Merek dan Citra tubuh yang Dirasakan berpengaruh terhadap “Body Image Satisfaction”. “Body Image Satisfaction” berpengaruh terhadap niat beli pasif perempuan generasi millennial. Kelompok Underweight memiliki persepsi yang tinggi pada kesehatan, kelompok normal weight memiliki tingkat kepercayaan diri yang tinggi, kelompok overweight memiliki niat beli pasif yang tinggi dan kelompok obese memiliki perceived body image terendah.
Women use clothing to boost their confidence and enhance their overall body image satisfaction. Because of these factors there is an increased interest in body image, as well as, Generation Y women and their purchasing decisions Consumers are always searching for products to define themselves as individuals there by creating a sense of self-identity. The purpose of this study was to analyze body image factors that affect body image in millennial women, analyze the role and performance of consumers at the same time. passive and active buying in terms of BMI. The samples studied were 297 millennial female respondents who had or were on a diet. The results of this study found Celebrity Factors, Environmental Factors, Brand Personality Factors and Perceived Body Images that were felt in "Body Image Satisfaction". "Body Images Satisfaction" Creates Metropolis Compliance with Millennium Generation Women. Underweight groups have a high perception on health, groups with normal weight have a high level of trust and obese groups have a low body impression.
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Mousoulidou, Marilena, Marios Argyrides, and Charis Ioannou. "Body image differences across the life span of Greek-Cypriot women: An investigation examining adolescence, early and middle adulthood." European Journal of Counselling Psychology 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejcop.v8i1.178.
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The current study aimed to examine possible differences among females in three age groups (adolescent, early and middle adulthood) on body-image-related variables, media influences and self-esteem. The relationships between these variables across the different age-groups were also examined as well as significant predictors of appearance satisfaction. The sample consisted of 458 females (155 adolescent girls, 218 women in early adulthood and 95 women in middle adulthood) who responded to the measures of interest. Results indicated significant differences among the age groups on self-esteem, appearance satisfaction and investment in appearance, weight-related anxiety, internalization of the thin ideal and the perception of the media as a good source of information concerning beauty. There were also many similarities within the relationships of the variables across all age groups, whereas there were some differences as well. Results also indicated some common trends with regards to predictors of appearance satisfaction across the three age groups. The results of the current research offer important additional information concerning body image disturbances in Cyprus. This information can be used by Greek-Cypriot mental health professionals and researchers in developing prevention interventions in Cyprus, as well as other Mediterranean regions.
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Tock, Wing Lam, Wei-Chen Tung, Ezra C. Holston, and Ya-Wen Hsu. "Bodyweight Misperception by Chinese American Females Influenced by Cultural and Social Ideals: Implication for Home Health Care." Home Health Care Management & Practice 32, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822319893993.
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Bodyweight misperception results from the desire to achieve an ideal body emphasized by cultural mores and societal norms. It is sustained by the desire to be cultural compliant, especially for ethnic minority women such as Chinese American females. Through cultural beliefs, these women’s self-perceived weight status is distorted, which strengthens the impact of bodyweight misperception in their daily life as poor physical health, distressed psychosocial health, risky and unsafe health practices and behaviors, and diminished quality of life. Evidently, bodyweight misperception promotes maladaptive health behaviors. However, bodyweight misperception is barely captured in the current science about women’s health, and is minimally explored in research about Chinese American females’ desire and efforts to achieve the ideal body type. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review was to explore (1) body weight perception, (2) the factors associated with it, and (3) the negative health consequences triggered by it, in Chinese American females. Studies confirm that Chinese American females shape their body weight perception by internalized cultural ideals, acculturative stress, mass media, and social pressures. They overestimate their body weight more than underestimate it as evident by frequent weight-loss attempts. This internalized bodyweight misperception affects their physical and psychological health, with undesirable consequences on their quality of life. Home health care professionals interact closely with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds; remaining culturally sensitive is crucial in their practice. Knowledge from this literature review emphasizes the need for culturally appropriate weight management strategies for the delivery of competent home health care to Chinese American females.
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Kamody, Rebecca C., Idia B. Thurston, and E. Thomaseo Burton. "Adolescent Engagement in a Binge-Eating Behavioral Health Intervention: Influence of Perceptions of Physical Appearance and Locus of Control." Children 8, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8020102.
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Traditional weight management approaches focused solely on weight loss as a measure of success may lead youth to internalize negative beliefs about their appearance, and feel they have little control over their health. We examined how perceptions of appearance and health-related locus of control (HRLOC) influenced engagement and outcomes in a behavioral health intervention for binge eating. Thirty adolescents aged 14–18 years completed measures of self-perception, HRLOC, and eating behaviors. Half (n = 15) completed baseline assessments only, while the other half participated in a 10-week intervention targeting dysregulated eating behaviors. Analyses revealed negative perceptions of physical appearance and internal HRLOC were higher at baseline among youth who completed the intervention compared to those who completed baseline assessments only. Among those completing the intervention, however, greater internal HRLOC and more positive perception of physical appearance at baseline was associated with greater reduction in objective binge episodes and emotional eating post-intervention. Findings of the present study suggest that while having a more negative perception of one’s appearance may initially motivate youth to participate in weight-related interventions, such perceptions can actually lead to poorer health outcomes, and further supports the extant literature on the benefits of interventions that engender positive body image.
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Cicolin, Alessandro, Mario Airoldi, Alessandra Giordano, Valentina Francese, Elena Peila, Antonella Tribolo, Fulvia Pedani, and Riccardo Torta. "Dream content and sleep changes in women after mastectomy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e11524-e11524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e11524.
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e11524 Background: The concerns people express in their dreams are the concerns they have in waking life (Domhoff – Dreaming 11: 13-33; 2001) . In this abstract we report in breast cancer patients (BCP) the dream content, sleep quality and quantity , and their mood both before and after mastectomy (M), to determine whether a loss of a body part could change body schema and actuate a sexual sphere restructuring. Methods: Consecutive menopausal BCP without impaired cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24), without psychiatric and/or sleep disorders, not assuming drug that could affect REM sleep and waiting for M were enrolled. Pts were evaluated at T0 (7-10 days before M) and at T1 (3 months after M) with: 1) Dream Report Form (DRF – Domhoff , 1996) in which pts describe 5 recent dreams; 2) Dream Remind Questionnaire (DRQ) to obtain explicit content of dreams; 3) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); 4) State Trait Anxiety Inventory , Form Y(STAI-Y). Results: Thirty pts were eligible: 15 pts dropped out (withdrew consent between T0 and T1); 15 pts completed the study (mean age = 51 yrs , range 45-66 yrs; education = 10 +/- 4 yrs). After M the total sleep time was significantly increased ( p<.05) ; sleep quality was unchanged .STAI and BDI were not significantly different. . At T1 we found a statistically significant increase in stated presence of wise self, determined self, curiosity, anger and shame. Excitement was reduced in T1.At T1 there is a reduction of violent and erotic environments, frightened-self perceptions, and repulsions, along with a slight increase of loved and powerful self-perception. In T1 dreams we found an increased presence of males and family characters, the proportion of dead people, striving elements with failure, a decreased presence of friends and aggressiveness. Torso-anatomy was significantly different in T1. Conclusions: Our results confirm a continuity between dreams and waking life. Dream content modifications are specifically related to body image.
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Lathia, Tejal, and Sujata Chakravarti. "Misperception of Weight Is Greater in Healthy Asian Indian Urban Men Than Women." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.041.
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Abstract Background: Recognizing being overweight is one step towards implementing weight-management behaviors and appropriate interventions Objective: This observational study was designed to study whether the self-perceived body mass index (BMI) status matched the calculated BMI status. Weight loss measures undertaken by overweight or obese participants in real life were also investigated Methods: Healthy men (M) and women (W) (18–65 years old) attending a health check-up at Fortis Hiranandani Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India from 1 August 2019 to 30 November 2019 were systematically included. Information on participants’ perception about their weight, intention of weight management and actual weight-management behavior were collected through simple structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements were obtained from all participants to compute their current BMI. Results: Overall, 148 (68%) of 218 (M=158; W=60; median [range] age: 36 [21–44] years) participants were overweight/obese (BMI>25 kg/m2). Majority of the participants were graduate and above (93%). A significant association was seen between increasing age and overweight/obesity (p=0.006). Although similar number of M and W were overweight/obese (70% vs 63%), fewer M perceived themselves to be overweight/obese than W (58% vs 77%, p=0.049). Both M and W attributed their overweight/obese status to lack of exercise (44% vs 46%) and poor dietary habits (38% vs 28%). Additionally, W also attributed their overweight/obese status to hormonal imbalance (hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, post pregnancy, menopause; 28%). Most common (>20% incidence) reasons stated to lose weight were to be healthier and disease-free (82 [55%], M=51; W=31) and look better (36 [24%], M=13; W=23). Majority of the participants attempted to lose weight by exercise (60 [73%], M=43; W=25) and dietary interventions (55 [67%], M=29, W=26). The most common (>40%) exercise regimen used to lose weight was cardio/aerobic activity (31 [52%], M=19; W=12) followed by morning walks (29 [48%], M=20; W=9). Most common dietary intervention practiced was healthy eating based on general knowledge (34 [62%], M=17, W=17) and guidance from family and friends (10 [18%], M=6; W=4); only 1 woman consulted professional dietician. Conclusion: Discrepancy exists between self-perceived and actual calculated BMI status, especially so in men. Though women better perceived weight, they were less likely to participate in scientifically proven methods or professional guidance to lose weight.
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Cohen, Régis, Rosa Benvenga, Marinos Fysekidis, Yasmina Bendacha, and Jean Marc Catheline. "Social isolation but not deprivation involved in employment status after bariatric surgery." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): e0256952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256952.
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An increase in employment rate was observed among individuals who underwent bariatric surgery. This study assessed the relationship between employment rate and weight loss, deprivation, and Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) scores after bariatric surgery in a deprived area. This retrospective study evaluated the employment rate at a mean period of 2.3±0.1 years after bariatric surgery among 133 individuals. The Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Examination Centers (EPICES score), satisfaction scale, and BAROS (self-esteem, physical activity, social life, work conditions, and sexual activity) questionnaires were used. The mean age of the participants was 45 (range: 19–67) years. Approximately 88% were women. The initial mean body mass index (BMI) was 42.7 kg/m2, and about 88% of the participants underwent sleeve gastrectomy. The mean decrease in BMI was 12 ± 0.5 kg/m2. The mean EPICES score (N<30), BAROS, and satisfaction scale (range: 1–5) scores were 31.9±18, 1.3±1.1, and 4.27±1.19, respectively. After surgery, 19 participants obtained a job. However, three were unemployed. Based on a multivariate analysis, employed and unemployed participants (77 vs 52) before surgery had a lower initial BMI and better BAROS and satisfaction scale scores. After surgery, there was no difference between participants who obtained a new job and those still did not have a job in terms of questionnaire responses. Obtaining a new job was not associated with BMI, sex, or age differences. However, there was a positive correlation between social life score and weight loss. Bariatric surgery increased an individual’s chance of finding a job independently of deprivation status. Participants with a pre-operative job had a better perception of satisfaction and BAROS scores. Moreover, social isolation was correlated with unsuccessful weight loss.
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Halvgaard, Katrine. "Single Case Study: Does EMDR Psychotherapy Work on Emotional Eating?" Journal of EMDR Practice and Research 9, no. 4 (2015): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1933-3196.9.4.188.
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This article presents the methods and results of a single case study treating the effects of “emotional eating” (EE). It provides a comprehensive review of the literature related to obesity and emotional eating; explains childhood experiences, which may contribute to its development; and describes how emotional eating can become a default behavior for affect regulation. The background for the research is the worldwide epidemic of overeating and obesity. The study was designed to examine whether treating the symptoms of EE with selected protocols and methods within eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) psychotherapy would have a positive effect, and the participant, a 55-year-old woman, was treated with an adjusted version of the desensitization of triggers and urge reprocessing (DeTUR) protocol, including resource installation, affect management, ego state work, and the standard EMDR protocol. The treatment consisted of 6 weekly meetings, each lasting 1.5 hours, and 2 follow-up meetings after 3 and 6 months. The measures, which were self-reported on a qualitative scale (0–10), included the experienced feeling of control in general (affect regulation) in specific eating behavior before and after the treatment, reduction of urge in triggering situations, number of situations with emotional eating per week, and body image before and after the treatment. The participant experienced an overall positive change in eating behavior, and the treatment could be one of the ways to reduce weight over time and to ensure better results in stabilizing weight after weight loss.
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Crucianelli, Laura, Lucy Serpell, Yannis Paloyelis, Lucia Ricciardi, Paul Robinson, Paul Jenkinson, and Aikaterini Fotopoulou. "The effect of intranasal oxytocin on the perception of affective touch and multisensory integration in anorexia nervosa: protocol for a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e024913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024913.
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IntroductionAnorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterised by restriction of energy intake, fears of gaining weight and related body image disturbances. The oxytocinergic system has been proposed as a pathophysiological candidate for AN. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide involved in bodily processes (eg, breast feeding) and in the onset of social behaviours (eg, bonding). Studies investigating the effect of intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT) in AN showed that it can improve attentional bias for high-calorie food and fat bodies stimuli, and related stress. However, less is known about the effect of IN-OT on bodily awareness and body image distortions, key features of the disorder linked to its development, prognosis and maintenance. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of IN-OT on the perception of affective, C-tactile-optimal touch, known to be impaired in AN and on multisensory integration processes underlying a body ownership illusion (ie, rubber hand illusion). For exploratory purposes, we will also investigate the effect of IN-OT on another interoceptive modality, namely cardiac awareness and its relationship with affective touch.Design, methods and analysisForty women with AN and forty matched healthy controls will be recruited and tested in two separate sessions; self-administering IN-OT (40 IU) or placebo, intranasally, in a pseudo-randomised manner. The data from this double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study will be analysed using linear mixed models that allow the use of both fixed (treatment levels) and random (subjects) effects in the same analysis. To address our main hypotheses, separate analyses will be run for the affective touch task, where the primary outcome dependent variable will be the pleasantness of the touch, and for the rubber hand illusion, where we will investigate multisensory integration quantified as subjective embodiment towards the rubber hand. In the latter, we will manipulate the synchronicity of touch and the size of the hand.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained by National Research Ethics Service NRES Committee London (Queen’s Square Committee, ref number 14/LO/1593). The results will be disseminated through conference presentations and publication in peer-reviewed journals.
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Nishikawa, Hiroki, Kazunori Yoh, Hirayuki Enomoto, Yoshinori Iwata, Yoshiyuki Sakai, Kyohei Kishino, Yoshihiro Shimono, et al. "Health-Related Quality of Life and Frailty in Chronic Liver Diseases." Life 10, no. 5 (May 24, 2020): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10050076.
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We sought to examine the relationship between frailty and health-related quality of life as evaluated using the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire in Japanese chronic liver disease (CLD) patients (n = 341, 122 liver cirrhosis cases, median age = 66 years). Frailty was defined as a clinical syndrome in which three or more of the following criteria were met (frailty score 3, 4, or 5): unintentional body weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, muscle weakness (grip strength: <26 kg in men and <18 kg in women), slow walking speed (<1.0 m/s), and low physical activity. Robust (frailty score 0), prefrail (frailty score 1 or 2), and frailty were found in 108 (31.7%), 187 (54.8%), and 46 (13.5%) patients, respectively. In all eight scales of the SF-36 (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health perception, vitality, social functioning, role emotion, and mental health), and the physical component summary score and mental component summary score, each score was well stratified according to the frailty status (all p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, age (p = 0.0126), physical functioning (p = 0.0005), and vitality (p = 0.0246) were independent predictors linked to the presence of frailty. In conclusion, Japanese CLD patients with frailty displayed poorer conditions, both physically and mentally.
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Moroni, L., M. Mazzetti, G. A. Ramirez, S. Zuffada, N. Farina, E. Bozzolo, V. Di Mattei, and L. Dagna. "POS0726 POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. A CROSS SECTIONAL WEB SURVEY-BASED STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 613.1–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1238.
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Background:Exposure to severe or chronic life stressors may alter immune function and high levels of subsequent distress have been implicated in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition affecting 1-12% of the general population1, occurring in response to traumatic events. Growing evidence supports an association between trauma exposure and PTSD with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) onset2.Objectives:To cross-sectionally assess PTSD prevalence in a cohort of patients with SLE and to examine its correlation with quality of life.Methods:A 189-item anonymous questionnaire including demographics, disease features, the 9-domain Trauma and Loss Spectrum – Self Report (TALS-SR) and the 8-domain Lupus Quality of Life (Lupus QoL) was administered via web to a cohort of patients with SLE. Patients were classified as PTSD cases based on TALS-SR items corresponding to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for PTSD.Results:Ninety-nine (95% female and 5% male) patients with a median follow-up of 16.5 years completed the questionnaire. Self-reported fatigue prevalence was 75%. Fifteen patients (15%) reportedly were on psychological and/or psychiatric support. Thirty-one patients (31%) met the DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. The average LupusQoL interdomain score was 80/100. PTSD cases reported significantly lower scores compared to non-cases in three LupusQoL domains: planning (83 vs. 100, p=0.035), body image (85 vs. 95, p=0.031), and fatigue (67 vs. 92, p=0.001). An inverse correlation between TALS-SR scores and Lupus QoL subscales was found (Table1). In particular, the degree of stress secondary to losses or upsetting events was strongly correlated to fatigue intensity (rho= -0.458, p<0.001).Conclusion:PTSD prevalence might be higher in SLE than in the general population and have a detrimental influence on quality of life. Fatigue perception might be more significantly affected by PTSD. Intervention studies are needed to assess the therapeutical effects of psychological support in patients with SLE.References:[1]Shalev A et al. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, June 2017.[2]Roberts AL et al. Association of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women. Arthritis & Rheumatology, November 2017.Table 1.Spearman rho coefficients outlining correlation across Lupus QoL and TALS-SR domains. The highest negative correlation has been found between fatigue and reaction to traumatic events. Significant correlations boxes are coloured in yellow (weak, rho 0.20-0.39) and red (moderate, rho 0.40-0.59). * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.LupusQoL DomainsLupus QoL Total ScorePhysical healthPainPlanningIntimate relationshipsBurden to othersEmotional healthBody imageFatigueTALS-SR DomainsLoss events-.217-.217-.096-.031.047-.022.076-.009-.061Grief reactions-.145-.104-.041-.018-.124-.172-.192-.149-.107Potentially traumatic events.039-.082-.169-.167-.207-.185-.046-.229-.096Reaction to losses or upsetting events-.221-.256*-.289*-.218-.290*-.369**-.371**-.458**-.341**Re-experiencing-.139-.215-.245*-.228-.320**-.275*-.287*-.342**-.274*Avoidance and numbing-.176-.246*-.279*-.257*-.337**-.405**-.413**-.406**-.338**Maladaptive coping-.190-.238-.294*-.282*-.324**-.340**-.358**-.405**-.327**Arousal-.134-.177-.263*-.320**-.283*-.279*-.321**-.397**-.282*Personal characteristics / risk factors-.044-.115-.266*-.189-.409**-.231-.197-.253*-.199Disclosure of Interests:Luca Moroni: None declared, Martina Mazzetti: None declared, Giuseppe Alvise Ramirez: None declared, Simone Zuffada: None declared, Nicola Farina: None declared, Enrica Bozzolo: None declared, Valentina Di Mattei: None declared, Lorenzo Dagna Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, BristolMyers Squibb, Celltrion, Galapagos, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and SOBI, Grant/research support from: The Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR) received unresctricted research/educational grants from Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, GlaxoSmithKline,Janssen, Merk Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, and SOBI
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Anjali, Anjali, and Manisha Sabharwal. "Perceived Barriers of Young Adults for Participation in Physical Activity." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 6, no. 2 (August 25, 2018): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.6.2.18.
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This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers to physical activity among college students Study Design: Qualitative research design Eight focus group discussions on 67 college students aged 18-24 years (48 females, 19 males) was conducted on College premises. Data were analysed using inductive approach. Participants identified a number of obstacles to physical activity. Perceived barriers emerged from the analysis of the data addressed the different dimensions of the socio-ecological framework. The result indicated that the young adults perceived substantial amount of personal, social and environmental factors as barriers such as time constraint, tiredness, stress, family control, safety issues and much more. Understanding the barriers and overcoming the barriers at this stage will be valuable. Health professionals and researchers can use this information to design and implement interventions, strategies and policies to promote the participation in physical activity. This further can help the students to deal with those barriers and can help to instil the habit of regular physical activity in the later adult years.
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Devanathan, Rynal, Tonya M. Esterhuizen, and Romona D. Govender. "Overweight and obesity amongst Black women in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal: A ‘disease’ of perception in an area of high HIV prevalence." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 5, no. 1 (February 19, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.450.
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Background: Overweight and obesity is an emerging health problem, particularly amongst urban Black women living in areas of high HIV prevalence. Understanding factors affecting this pandemic is essential to enable effective weight loss programmes to be implemented. This study explored urban Black women’s perception of their body image against a backdrop of pre-existing non-communicable diseases (NCDs).Method: In this cross-sectional exploratory study 328 urban Black women were sampled systematically. Anthropometric measurements were conducted and women were interviewed using the Stunkard body image silhouettes as a tool to determine perception.Results: Most of the subjects (61%) were in the 40–59 years age group. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 37 (± 9.41 kg/m2) with over 90% being overweight or obese. Diabetes mellitus was the most common NCD, with a prevalence of 72%. Amongst the diabetic patients 7% were overweight and 64% obese. Perceived body image compared to derived BMI showed that women underestimated their body image across all weight categories. Over 40% indicated a normal to overweight preferred body image, with 99% of respondents associating the underweight silhouettes with disease and HIV infection.Conclusion: Urban Black women with underlying NCDs and living in an area of high HIV prevalence perceive themselves to be thinner than their actual BMI, which may be a barrier to weight loss management. This misperception may be used as a proxy risk marker for weight gain in urban Black women.
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Devanathan, Rynal, Viveka Devanathan, and Tonya M. Esterhuizen. "Incongruence in body image and body mass index: A surrogate risk marker in Black women for type 2 diabetes mellitus." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 5, no. 1 (July 18, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.496.
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Background: Excess weight contributes to the development and progression of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Distorted body image amongst urban Black women and the perception that thinness is linked with HIV, may however be compounding the problem, particularly in areas with a high HIV burden.Objectives: This study aimed to compare the perception of body image in urban Black women with and without T2DM.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 328 Black women systematically sampled into two groups (with and without T2DM). Body mass index (BMI) (weight [kg]/height[m2]) was determined and the adapted Stunkard Body Image Silhouettes for Black women was used to determine perceived body image (PBI).Results: Seventy-two per cent had T2DM and in this group 89% were obese, with a mean BMI of 39.5 kg/m2 (s.d. ± 8.5). In the non-diabetes group (NDG) 44% were obese, with a mean BMIof 31.3 kg/m2 (s.d. ± 9.0) Black women underestimated their body image across all weight categories (p < 0.05). Both groups (99% of the study group) also perceived thinness as being associated with HIV.Conclusions: This study identified an incongruence between PBI and actual BMI amongst urban Black women. This, combined with their belief that thinness is associated with HIV, places those with T2DM at risk of secondary complications arising from diabetes mellitus, and those without diabetes mellitus at a higher risk of developing T2DM. A discrepancy between PBI and BMI may therefore serve as a risk marker to alert clinicians to use a more ethno-cultural specific approach in engaging with urban Black women regarding weight loss strategies in the future.
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Kassier, Susanna, Marjanne Senekal, and Anniza De Villiers. "Baseline Descriptors of Urban Overweight/Obese Zulu Women Enrolled in a Weight Loss Intervention, South Africa (P21-034-19)." Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz041.p21-034-19.
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Abstract Objectives Developing a profile of weight and health status, body image, eating behavior and psychological well-being of urban overweight/obese Zulu women enrolled in a weight loss intervention. Methods Body mass index (BMI) and waist-circumference was determined. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was assessed according to the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Total energy intake was calculated, based on a three day estimated food record. Eating behavior, presence of depression, self-esteem and general psychological well-being was assessed with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) respectively. Results The mean ± SD BMI of the group (N = 99) was 37.79 ± 7.47 kg/m2. The most prevalent MetS risk factor was central obesity, followed by high blood pressure and low HDL levels. MetS was diagnosed in 24% (n = 18) of the group for whom blood samples were available (n = 75). The majority of participants thought that they were currently overweight, however one in ten thought their weight was normal, with a desired BMI being in the overweight range. Daily energy intake was 83% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for women aged 19–50 years. Depending on the cut-off used, the level of under-reporting ranged from 17.1 to 39.0%. About a quarter of the sample were depressed, with one in ten having a low self-esteem. There were no significant associations between baseline BMI and depression (BDI), self-esteem (RSQ), general psychological well-being and eating behaviour scores (TFEQ). Conclusions Potential barriers to compliance with, and remaining in the intervention included a distorted body image, with an underestimation of body weight being the norm. The frequent consumption of high fat foods, energy dense snacks, and a high energy intake over weekends, was documented. Other potential barriers included a low self-esteem and depression. Baseline screening of body image, eating behavior and psychological well being of those enrolled in a weight loss intervention is recommended to curb attrition. Funding Sources University of KwaZulu-Natal, Medical Research Council.
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Jackson, Todd, Xiaoxuan Ye, Brian J. Hall, and Hong Chen. "“Have You Taken the A4 Challenge?” Correlates and Impact of a Thin Ideal Expression From Chinese Social Media." Frontiers in Psychology 12 (June 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.669014.
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In three studies, we assessed knowledge, correlates, and effects of the A4 challenge, an expression of the thin ideal from Chinese social media. In Study 1, gender differences in familiarity with the A4 challenge were assessed among 225 women and 151 men. Compared to men, women and female peers from participant social networks were more familiar with and likely to have taken the challenge themselves. In Study 2, body image experiences of women who passed the A4 challenge (N = 45) and average weight peers who did not pass the challenge (N = 75) were assessed. The former group reported fewer weight concerns and less social pressure to lose weight but no group differences were observed with respect to binge-eating, dieting, or other compensatory weight loss behaviors. As such, eating disorder symptoms did not account for the experience of passing the A4 challenge. In Study 3, changes in state body dissatisfaction were assessed among 205 women randomly assigned to view images of (1) thin peers successfully passing the challenge vs. (2) thin or (3) average size controls. The absence of condition differences in post-exposure state body dissatisfaction indicated exposure to A4 challenge portrayals per se did not cause increases in negative appearance self-evaluations for women in general. However, among women who were exposed to A4 challenge images, but not control group women exposure to other images, trait body dissatisfaction predicted increased post-exposure state dissatisfaction, independent of pre-exposure state dissatisfaction. Implications are discussed in relation to effects of exposure to the A4 challenge and conceptualizing the task as a “challenge.”
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Paul, Tracy K., Robert R. Sciacca, Juviza K. Rodriguez, and Elsa-Grace V. Giardina. "Abstract P450: Young Women with Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk Burden have Poor Health Literacy." Circulation 129, suppl_1 (March 25, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p450.
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Introduction: Young women are thought to have low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, mortality due to ischemic heart disease has actually risen among women aged 35-44 years. We hypothesized that young women with increased CVD risk burden are more likely to misperceive body image and less likely to practice healthful behaviors. Methods: To determine CVD risk burden among young women (aged 18-49 years) of a primarily urban population, 569 women visiting outpatient medical clinics were assessed. Anthropometric measures [height, weight, waist, body mass index (BMI)], attitudes towards weight, and lifestyle behavior were determined. Body image self-perception was assessed using validated silhouette scales. Increased CVD risk burden was defined as presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, and/or obesity. Results: Participants were Hispanic (62.7%; 357/569); non-Hispanic White (20.7%; 118/569); non-Hispanic Black (8.9%; 51/569) and Asian/other ethnicity (7.5%; 43/569); mean age was 35.9 years ± 8.1 and income $39,828 ± $20,229. BMI categories were: obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , 27.4%; 155/569); overweight (BMI 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m 2 , 29.0%; 164/569); normal (BMI 18.5 - 24.9, 41.2%; 233/569); and underweight (BMI ≤ 18.4; 2.3%; 13/569). Women without CVD risk burden were the reference standard. Nearly half (47.7%; 271/569) had increased CVD risk burden; and 33.5% (190/569) had ≥ 1 CVD risk factor, exclusive of obesity, including hypertension (18.0%), hyperlipidemia (11.5%), current tobacco use (10.2%), and diabetes mellitus (5.8%). Women with increased CVD risk were less likely to correctly identify body size (48.3% vs. 69.4%, p<0.0001). They were more likely to be concerned about weight (82.0% vs. 65.8%, p =0.01) and actively trying to lose weight (77.3% vs. 65.4%, p=0.03). But, they were less likely to read nutrition labels when making food choices (29.4% vs. 17.9%, p=0.03) and more likely to cite cost (18.7% vs. 12.1%, p=0.03) and difficulty implementing a weight loss regimen (22.2% vs. 15.6%, p=0.05) as barriers to losing weight. Most, regardless of CVD risk burden, knew blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar status. However, women with increased CVD risk burden were less likely to know cholesterol level (81.4% vs. 88.8%, p=0.02). Fewer obese women knew that tobacco contributes to CVD risk compared to non-obese women (92.3% vs. 96.6%, p=0.04). Conclusion: Paradoxically, though aware of their CVD risk factors and with heightened weight concerns, young women with increased CVD risk burden misperceive their body size and lack healthy behavior knowledge. A disconnect exists between this group’s recognition of their underlying risk and ability to modify their lifestyle to decrease CVD risk burden.