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Journal articles on the topic 'Body stiffness'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lee, R. "Stiffness of Human Body Joints." Physical Therapy Reviews 3, no. 4 (1998): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/ptr.1998.3.4.181.

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2

Wang, Lihua, Zenghui Zhao, Zhongxi Tian, and Wei Sun. "Quantitative Precursory Information of Weak Shocking Failures of Composite Soft Roof." Shock and Vibration 2019 (February 17, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2631592.

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To reveal the mechanism of weak roof shocking in mine roadway arranged in weakly consolidated soft rock strata commonly observed in western China, a bearing system of composite roof composed of weakly consolidated soft rocks and coal layers was proposed. Then, theoretical analysis and numerical calculation were applied for instability failures of the mass bearing system with strong body and weak body. Eventually, precursory information and criteria of instability failures of the bearing system were developed. The main conclusions obtained are as follows: (1) as the elastic energy released at t

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3

Hua, Shun Gang, Li Na Zhang, and Jun Hua Zeng. "Beam Layout Optimization for Vehicle Body Stiffness." Advanced Materials Research 548 (July 2012): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.548.667.

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In this paper we research the beam layout optimization to strengthen the stiffness of a tracked vehicle’ body. Based on CAD models of vehicle parts, a rigid-flexible coupling virtual prototype of the vehicle is constructed through body finite element meshing and modal analysis. The multi-body system dynamics simulation is conducted under several typical driving conditions. Loads acting on the vehicle body at several typical moments are exported and then imposed on the body finite element model to carry out the static analysis, such that the multi-load steps topology optimization for the hull i

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4

Zhu, Shi-Jian, Xue-Tao Weng, and Gang Chen. "Modelling of the stiffness of elastic body." Journal of Sound and Vibration 262, no. 1 (2003): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-460x(02)01028-3.

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5

Chen, Shu Ming, Xue Wei Song, Chuan Liang Shen, Deng Feng Wang, and Wei Li. "Experimental Analysis of Static Stiffness for Vehicle Body in White." Applied Mechanics and Materials 248 (December 2012): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.248.69.

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In order to know the static stiffness characteristics of the vehicle body in white, the bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of an automotive body in white were tested on a test bench of the static stiffness of an automotive BIW. The bending stiffness and bending deformation of the bottom of the BIW were determined. Also, the torsional stiffness and torsional deformation of the bottom of the BIW were obtained. The fitting curves and equations between loading torque and torsional angle were acquired at clockwise and counterclockwise loading, respectively.

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6

Pruyn, Elizabeth C., Mark Watsford, and Aron Murphy. "The relationship between lower-body stiffness and dynamic performance." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39, no. 10 (2014): 1144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2014-0063.

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Greater levels of lower-body stiffness have been associated with improved outcomes for a number of physical performance variables involving rapid stretch-shorten cycles. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between several measures of lower-body stiffness and physical performance variables typically evident during team sports in female athletes. Eighteen female athletes were assessed for quasi-static stiffness (myometry) for several isolated muscles in lying and standing positions. The muscles included the medial gastrocnemius (MedGast), lateral gastrocnemius, soleus, and

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7

Hou, Fu J., Susan M. Lang, Susan J. Hoshaw, David A. Reimann, and David P. Fyhrie. "Human vertebral body apparent and hard tissue stiffness." Journal of Biomechanics 31, no. 11 (1998): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(98)00110-9.

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8

LONG, JOHN H., and KAREN S. NIPPER. "The Importance of Body Stiffness in Undulatory Propulsion." American Zoologist 36, no. 6 (1996): 678–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/36.6.678.

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9

Banerjee, A. K., and M. E. Lemak. "Multi-Flexible Body Dynamics Capturing Motion-Induced Stiffness." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 3 (1991): 766–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897262.

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This paper presents a multi-flexible-body dynamics formulation incorporating a recently developed theory for capturing motion-induced stiffness for an arbitrary structure undergoing large rotation and translation accompanied by small vibrations. In essence, the method consists of correcting dynamical equations for an arbitrary flexible body, unavoidably linearized prematurely in modal coordinates, with generalized active forces due to geometric stiffness corresponding to a system of 12 inertia forces and 9 inertia couples distributed over the body. Computation of geometric stiffness in this wa

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10

Schroeder, Elizabeth C., Alexander J. Rosenberg, Thessa I. M. Hilgenkamp, Daniel W. White, Tracy Baynard, and Bo Fernhall. "Effect of upper body position on arterial stiffness." Journal of Hypertension 35, no. 12 (2017): 2454–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000001481.

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11

El-Absy, H., and A. A. Shabana. "GEOMETRIC STIFFNESS AND STABILITY OF RIGID BODY MODES." Journal of Sound and Vibration 207, no. 4 (1997): 465–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1997.1051.

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12

WYATT BECKER, PATRICIA J., ROBERT H. WYNN Jr., EDWARD J. BERGER, and JASON R. BLOUGH. "USING RIGID-BODY DYNAMICS TO MEASURE JOINT STIFFNESS." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 13, no. 5 (1999): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mssp.1999.1232.

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13

Qiu, Fei Li, Li Min Zhang, Wei Hua Zhang, and Xian Liang Sun. "The Analysis of the First Order Bending Stiffness of Vehicle Body in Different Loading Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.79.

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The first order vertical bending mode of vehicle and its stiffness are very important to the dynamic characteristics. A high-speed vehicle body was selected to study on, the differences of the sections stiffness features were considered, with the unknown sections geometry sizes, mass and mass distribution. Under the different load, the first order bending stiffness of the seven sections and the equal bending stiffness of the vehicle body was calculated only using the modal test data. The result was validated by the tested mode frequency. The research showed that the sections upon air-spring ha

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14

Aizawa, Kunihiko, Marissa E. Mendelsohn, Tom J. Overend, and Robert J. Petrella. "Effect of Upper Body Aerobic Exercise on Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 17, no. 4 (2009): 468–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.17.4.468.

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The authors evaluated the effects of acute arm-cycling exercise on arterial stiffness of the brachial artery (BA: working limb) and posterior tibial artery (PTA: nonworking limb) in healthy older participants. Eleven participants were tested to evaluate BA and PTA stiffness. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and arterial stiffness indices of the BA and PTA measured by Doppler ultrasound were determined before and 10 min after graded arm-cycling exercise to volitional fatigue on 2 separate days. After the exercise, although BA diameter, brachial systolic BP, pulse pressure, and HR increased

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15

Sung, Sanghak, and Youngil Youm. "Landing Motion Control of Articulated Hopping Robot." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 4, no. 3 (2007): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/5686.

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This paper deals with the landing motion of an articulated legged robot. Humans use a peculiar crouching motion to land safely which can be characterized by body stiffness and damping. A stiffness controller formulation is used to realize this human behavior for the robot. Using this method, the landing motion is achieved with only the desired body stiffness and damping values, without desired COG(Center of Gravity) or joint paths. To achieve soft landing, variable body stiffness and damping values were optimized. PBOT, which has four links with flexible joints was used for validation of the l

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16

Han, Cui Hong, Zhou De Qu, and Yong Lu Chen. "Analysis of Stamping Residual Stress Influenced on Body Stiffness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.739.

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Residual stress generated in the body parts during stamping process influences on its structural strength and stiffness partly. In this paper, the formality, stiffness and strength of hood-outer panel had been analysis based on Autoform and Altair-hypermesh, and the diagrams of major strain and plastic strain are shown. Compared the results by Geomagic Qualify; there are the same areas of stress concentration from the results. According to this, the body parts can be optimized to get excellent preference of stiffness and strength.

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17

Hwang, Hyerim, David A. Weitz, and Frans Spaepen. "Stiffness of the interface between a colloidal body-centered cubic crystal and its liquid." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 41 (2020): 25225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005664117.

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Equilibrium interfaces were established between body-centered cubic (BCC) crystals and their liquid using charged colloidal particles in an electric bottle. By measuring a time series of interfacial positions and computing the average power spectrum, their interfacial stiffness was determined according to the capillary fluctuation method. For the (100) and the (114) interfaces, the stiffnesses were 0.15 and 0.18kBT/σ2(σ: particle diameter), respectively, and were isotropic in the plane of the interface. For comparison, similar charged colloids were used to create an interface between a face-ce

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18

Zhang, Qingwen, Yu Zhang, and Tianjian Ji. "A continuous model of a standing human body in vertical vibration." Engineering review 39, no. 2 (2019): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.39.2.2.

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This paper develops a continuous standing human body model in the vertical vibration based on an anthropomorphic model, two measured natural frequencies of a biomechanics model, and structural dynamics methods. The mass distribution of a standing body is formed using the mass distribution of fifteen body segments in the anthropomorphic model. The axial stiffness of the model is determined based on the best matching to the two natural frequencies of the biomechanics model which were obtained using shaking table tests. Four similar models are assessed using finite element parametric analysis. Th

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19

Maláková, Silvia, Michal Puškár, Peter Frankovský, Samuel Sivák, and Daniela Harachová. "Influence of the Shape of Gear Wheel Bodies in Marine Engines on the Gearing Deformation and Meshing Stiffness." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 10 (2021): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9101060.

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The basic properties of gears must be considered: the shape of their gearing, their load capacity, and the meshing stiffness, which affects the noise and vibration. When designing large gears, it is important to choose the correct shape of the gear body. Large gears used in marine gearboxes must be designed with as little weight as possible. The requirements of sufficient stiffness of the gear wheel body, as well as the meshing stiffness, must be met. This paper is devoted to the influence of spur gear wheel body parameters on gearing deformation and meshing stiffness. The stiffness of the gea

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20

GOMEZ-LEVI, GIANNA, EVERETT KUO, and NANXIN WANG. "STATISTICAL MODEL FOR VEHICLE BODY-IN-PRIME STATIC STIFFNESS TARGET SETTING." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 09, no. 04 (2002): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539302000925.

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The vehicle body-in-prime static stiffness can significantly affect vehicle NVH, ride and handling, and durability performance. Stiffness target setting is a crucial step in a vehicle design and development process. Traditionally, benchmarking data and CAE models are used to help identify and set the target, yet they have proven to be time consuming and very subjective. On the other hand, statistical models obtained through data mining or meta-modeling have been tested and applied to various problems, including design optimization. In the present paper, we attempt to utilize this technology fo

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21

Pandit, S. M., Y. X. Yao, and Z. Q. Hu. "Dynamic Properties of the Rigid Body and Supports from Vibration Measurements." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 116, no. 3 (1994): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930424.

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A novel method is presented to determine the dynamic characteristics of a multi-DOF rigid body structure from vibration measurements and coordinates of the transducers. These characteristics include the center of gravity, moment of inertia, and mass; stiffness, center of stiffness and moment of stiffness; damping, center of damping and moment of damping; and corresponding principal values and axes. The method is capable of handling complicated structures with various DOFs, from 2 up to maximum 6. The mass modified matrices M−1K and M−1C (or mass M, stiffness K, and damping C matrices) are firs

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22

Li, Y., M. Bopp, F. Botta, et al. "Lower Body vs. Upper Body Resistance Training and Arterial Stiffness in Young Men." International Journal of Sports Medicine 36, no. 12 (2015): 960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1549921.

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23

Sakanaka, Tania E., Martin Lakie, and Raymond F. Reynolds. "Individual differences in intrinsic ankle stiffness and their relationship to body sway and ankle torque." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0244993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244993.

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When standing, intrinsic ankle stiffness is smaller when measured using large perturbations, when sway size is large, and when background torque is low. However, there is a large variation in individual intrinsic ankle stiffness. Here we determine if individual variation has consequences for postural control. We examined the relationship between ankle stiffness, ankle torque and body sway across different individuals. Ankle stiffness was estimated in 19 standing participants by measuring torque responses to small, brief perturbations. Perturbation sizes of 0.2 & 0.9 degrees (both lasting 1

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24

Kerdok, Amy E., Andrew A. Biewener, Thomas A. McMahon, Peter G. Weyand, and Hugh M. Herr. "Energetics and mechanics of human running on surfaces of different stiffnesses." Journal of Applied Physiology 92, no. 2 (2002): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01164.2000.

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Mammals use the elastic components in their legs (principally tendons, ligaments, and muscles) to run economically, while maintaining consistent support mechanics across various surfaces. To examine how leg stiffness and metabolic cost are affected by changes in substrate stiffness, we built experimental platforms with adjustable stiffness to fit on a force-plate-fitted treadmill. Eight male subjects [mean body mass: 74.4 ± 7.1 (SD) kg; leg length: 0.96 ± 0.05 m] ran at 3.7 m/s over five different surface stiffnesses (75.4, 97.5, 216.8, 454.2, and 945.7 kN/m). Metabolic, ground-reaction force,

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25

Liao, Jun, and Yan Feng. "Simulation Analysis of Stiffness of Automotive Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 812–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.812.

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In order to evaluate the reliability of vehicle design and vehicle safety performance, analysis software is applied to establish the analysis model of automotive joint stiffness; Body joint stiffness of design vehicles and benchmark vehicles; Reasonable and feasibility of body joint stiffness of design vehicles are verified by comparison.

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26

Ohta, Yoshiki. "Approximating Bending Stiffness for Structural Optimization of Double-skin Hollowed Car Body Panels." EPI International Journal of Engineering 1, no. 2 (2018): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082018.03.

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This paper presents the construction of the approximate equivalent bending stiffness of double-skin hollowed rectangular plates. For this purpose, the equivalent bending stiffness of the plate are expressed first in the quadratic polynomial form with respect to the design parameters for structural optimization by using the Response Surface Method (RSM). Finite element formulation for bending problem of the plate is also formulated by using the ACM rectangular element, and then FE source code is developed by incorporating the equivalent stiffness obtained by the RSM. Finally the numerical resul

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27

Gui, Liangjin. "STUDY ON STIFFNESS OF CHANG'AN STAR MINIBUS WHITE BODY." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 40, no. 09 (2004): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2004.09.195.

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28

Lee, Kyung Tae, Yong Du Jun, and Doo Seuk Choi. "Evaluation of Vehicle Body Stiffness by Measuring Local Vibration." Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 21, no. 6 (2013): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7467/ksae.2013.21.6.195.

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29

Corrigan, Frank Edward, Danny Eapen, Pankaj Manocha, et al. "BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION IS A PREDICTOR OF ARTERIAL STIFFNESS." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 59, no. 13 (2012): E1788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(12)61789-6.

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30

CRONIN, J. "Muscle stiffness and injury effects of whole body vibration." Physical Therapy in Sport 5, no. 2 (2004): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1466-853x(04)00020-3.

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31

Gulgun, Mustafa. "Aortic Stiffness May Be Affected by Body Mass Index." Medical Principles and Practice 26, no. 5 (2017): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000480084.

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32

Medvecká-Beňová, Silvia. "Analysis of Gear Wheel Body Influence on Gearing Stiffness." Acta Mechanica Slovaca 21, no. 3 (2017): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21496/ams.2017.024.

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33

Colson, S., and P. D. Petit. "Lower Limbs Power and Stiffness after Whole-Body Vibration." International Journal of Sports Medicine 34, no. 04 (2012): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1311596.

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34

Kövecses, J., and J. Angeles. "The stiffness matrix in elastically articulated rigid-body systems." Multibody System Dynamics 18, no. 2 (2007): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11044-007-9082-2.

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35

ZHAO, LIHONG, SHUYONG JIANG, ZHENG YI REN, HAIPING YU, and YUYING YANG. "STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE LAWS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ON STIFFNESS OF AUTOMOTIVE BODY PANELS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 06n07 (2009): 1634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920906138x.

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The criterion and research technique of auto body panels stiffness are introduced in this work, and the finite element models (FEM) of cylindrical shallow shell that could represent auto body panels are established. Simulations of forming, springback and stiffness on cylindrical shallow shell are carried out. The simulations show great accuracy with the experimental results. Extensive simulated results of the influence laws of material mechanical properties on stiffness are achieved, such as yield strength, strain-hardening exponent, Young's modulus, anisotropy parameter and strength coefficie

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36

Dietsch, Angela M., Heather M. Clark, Jessica N. Steiner, and Nancy Pearl Solomon. "Effects of Age, Sex, and Body Position on Orofacial Muscle Tone in Healthy Adults." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 58, no. 4 (2015): 1145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-14-0325.

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Purpose Quantification of tissue stiffness may facilitate identification of abnormalities in orofacial muscle tone and thus contribute to differential diagnosis of dysarthria. Tissue stiffness is affected by muscle tone as well as age-related changes in muscle and connective tissue. Method The Myoton-3 measured tissue stiffness in 40 healthy adults, including equal numbers of men and women in each of two age groups: 18–40 years and 60+ years. Data were collected from relaxed muscles at the masseter, cheek, and lateral tongue surfaces in two positions: reclined on the side and seated with head

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37

Chang, C. K., and J. H. Cheng. "Optimization of Sandwich Monocoque Car Body with Equivalent Shell Element." Journal of Mechanics 23, no. 4 (2007): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s172771910000143x.

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AbstractThis research proposes a straightforward and efficient method to optimize a sandwich monocoque car body with the developed equivalent shell element based on stiffness equivalence. The fact that stiffness rather than strength is dominant constraint for ordinary car body optimization is demonstrated. A simple but heavy flat chassis plate is utilized as upper bound, while an ideal monocoque is used as lower bound for an actual car body optimization. Convergence hours can be significantly reduced with the equivalent element and the initial-bounded method. A novel electric car body optimiza

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38

Bia, Daniel, Cintia Galli, Rodolfo Valtuille, et al. "Hydration Status Is Associated with Aortic Stiffness, but Not with Peripheral Arterial Stiffness, in Chronically Hemodialysed Patients." International Journal of Nephrology 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/628654.

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Background. Adequate fluid management could be essential to minimize high arterial stiffness observed in chronically hemodialyzed patients (CHP).Aim. To determine the association between body fluid status and central and peripheral arterial stiffness levels.Methods. Arterial stiffness was assessed in 65 CHP by measuring the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in a central arterial pathway (carotid-femoral) and in a peripheral pathway (carotid-brachial). A blood pressure-independent regional arterial stiffness index was calculated using PWV. Volume status was assessed by whole-body multiple-frequency bio

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39

Wang, Ming Ming, Teng Fei Li, Xin Li, Cheng Liu, and Hui Xia Liu. "Body Structure Static-Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Commercial Vehicle." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.400.

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White body in the design process needs to meet the needs of a wide range of performance requirement. Adequate stiffness and modal are the basis to ensure the vehicle’s performance of vibration noise. Simultaneously, in order to reduce energy consumption and cost, the lightweight design of the white body has become the mainstream. In this paper, the optimization design is conducted for stiffness and modal of a commercial vehicle’s white body based on the theory of the finite element size sensitivity optimization design. Firstly, build the finite element model of a vehicle’s white body and analy

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40

Brunner, Kinga, Péter Oláh, Mehdi Moezzi, et al. "Association of Nonalcoholic Hepatic Fibrosis with Body Composition in Female and Male Psoriasis Patients." Life 11, no. 8 (2021): 763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080763.

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Psoriasis has been associated with increased frequency of hepatic diseases. Psoriasis severity, obesity, insulin resistance, aspartate aminotransferase level, platelet count, and alcohol use are significant predictors for advanced fibrosis in psoriasis patients. Although psoriasis patients also present body composition changes (e.g., higher overall body fat, visceral fat and sarcopenia), and these have recently been reported as risk factors for hepatic fibrosis, to date, body composition has not been prospectively investigated in psoriasis in the context of liver fibrosis. In this study anthro

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41

Jaén-Carrillo, Diego, Felipe García-Pinillos, Antonio Cartón-Llorente, Alejandro Jesús Almenar-Arasanz, José Antonio Bustillo-Pelayo, and Luis E. Roche-Seruendo. "Test–retest reliability of the OptoGait system for the analysis of spatiotemporal running gait parameters and lower body stiffness in healthy adults." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 2 (2020): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119898353.

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Despite the widespread use of the OptoGait photoelectric cell system for the analysis of running spatiotemporal parameters, its reliability has not been proved. Consequently, this study intends to determine the test–retest reliability of the system when applied to treadmill running spatiotemporal parameters and lower body stiffness at a constant velocity. Amateur endurance runners (n = 31; age: 34.42 ± 9.26 years; height: 171.54 ± 9.15 cm; body mass: 66.63 ± 11.3 kg) voluntarily consented to participate in this study. Data for each participant were recorded twice per session across two testing

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42

Usgu, Serkan, Engin Ramazanoğlu, and Yavuz Yakut. "The Relation of Body Mass Index to Muscular Viscoelastic Properties in Normal and Overweight Individuals." Medicina 57, no. 10 (2021): 1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101022.

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Background: The body mass index (BMI) is closely related to fat tissue, which may have direct or indirect effects on muscle function. Previous studies have evaluated BMI and muscle viscoelastic properties in vivo in older people or individual sexes; however, the relationship between BMI and muscular viscoelastic properties is still unknown. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of BMI with muscular viscoelastic properties, and to compare these properties in a young sedentary population with normal and overweight individuals. Methods: A total of 172 healthy sedentary

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43

Pruyn, Elizabeth C., Mark L. Watsford, and Aron J. Murphy. "Differences in Lower-Body Stiffness Between Levels of Netball Competition." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29, no. 5 (2015): 1197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000418.

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44

Heckmann, M., A. Birkert, M. Scholle, M. Sobhani, B. Awiszus, and H. Weiland. "Method to increase denting stiffness of car body skin panels." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1063 (July 2018): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1063/1/012089.

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45

Rostaminia, Ghazaleh, Charbel Awad, Cecilia Chang, Siddhartha Sikdar, Qi Wei, and S. Abbas Shobeiri. "Shear Wave Elastography to Assess Perineal Body Stiffness During Labor." Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery 25, no. 6 (2019): 443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/spv.0000000000000585.

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46

Millett, Emma L., Mark P. Moresi, Mark L. Watsford, Paul G. Taylor, and David A. Greene. "Lower Body Stiffness Modulation Strategies in Well Trained Female Athletes." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 30, no. 10 (2016): 2845–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001365.

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47

Liu, T. S., and J. C. Lin. "Forced Vibration of Flexible Body Systems: A Dynamic Stiffness Method." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, no. 4 (1993): 468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930374.

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Due to the development of high speed machinery, robots, and aerospace structures, the research of flexible body systems undergoing both gross motion and elastic deformation has seen increasing importance. The finite element method and modal analysis are often used in formulating equations of motion for dynamic analysis of the systems which entail time domain, forced vibration analysis. This study develops a new method based on dynamic stiffness to investigate forced vibration of flexible body systems. In contrast to the conventional finite element method, shape functions and stiffness matrices

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Na, Jingxin, Zheng Yuan, and Jianfeng Gao. "A Novel Method for Bending Stiffness Evaluation of Bus Body." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 7, no. 1 (2014): 278192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/278192.

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DONG, Zonghao, and Yasuhisa HIRATA. "Control of Body Weight Support Walker Using Variable Stiffness Mechanism." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2020 (2020): 1P1—E13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2020.1p1-e13.

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Otsuki, T., Y. Takanami, W. Aoi, Y. Kawai, H. Ichikawa, and T. Yoshikawa. "Arterial stiffness acutely decreases after whole-body vibration in humans." Acta Physiologica 194, no. 3 (2008): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01869.x.

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