Dissertations / Theses: 'Bodybuilding'

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Locks, Adam. "Bodybuilding and the emergence of a post classicism." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431213.

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This thesis is concerned with the history of professional bodybuilding in America and pays particular attention to the development within its subculture of definitions of the perfect body. This history has involved a shift from a bodybuilding aesthetic which adhered to what was imagined to be a classical archetype, to what, in recent years, has become a more extreme, excessive, ideal. Previous analyses of bodybuilding have primarily offered anthropological and ethnographic methodologies, the result of which has been largely to document the practice of bodybuilding via the opinions of the men (and women) in the field. More often than not, the resultant analyses explored bodybuilding for the exaggerated demonstration of gender relations in the larger culture that it was considered to provide. What has been given much less attention, and which this thesis will remedy, is a detailed focus on the aesthetic of the muscular body itself, and appropriately therefore, this work will examine the representation of the `built body' as a text within this particular subculture. As such, the thesis takes as its subject matter not just the texts of American bodybuilding, for instance as supplied by the extensive magazine literature, but also the text of the body itself, as manifest in the disciplines that manufacture the desired shape, its representation in regulatory criteria, poses, and other performative practices of competition. As such my concern is to chart and question the dramatic changes in the body shape displayed in professional bodybuilding via a narrative of its history, an analysis of its artifacts and practices, existing critical analyses of bodybuilding, insights from art history, and from alternative approaches to the body in Cultural Studies. This thesis opens with the first appearance of bodybuilding in America, which I define not in terms of the possession of a muscular body, but in terms of the possession of the discourse which aestheticised it. In the late nineteenth century this took the form of adherence to an imagined ideal of the classical Greek body as was evidenced in sculpture and painting. Revealingly, the trajectory of bodybuilding ever since has been towards the enlargement and exaggeration of the muscular form, until in very recent years it has achieved a condition which only 25 years ago would have been considered excessive. Indeed the contemporary form presents such an exaggerated definition of the body that many veterans in the bodybuilding community regard it as freakish. However, I argue that to see the contemporary built body as too radical a departure would be mistaken; in fact, this body remains rooted in the classical style - but a style which has been applied very selectively, creating what I consider to be a new ideal, a hyper muscular, but essentially fragmented body, in which the sculpting of individual body parts and the display of body poses have come to supplant the whole body. For this reason, my thesis also examines female bodybuilding, and considers it as a vital defining boundary for this new male aesthetic. Likewise, challenging the concept of the contemporary bodybuilder as a freak is central; as other recent discourses on the body and its modification have made clear, freak can have positive connotations, not least within a society in which identity tends increasingly towards the subcultural.

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Mosesson, Marcus. "Korean Bodybuilding : Cultural Hybrid or Instance of Cultural Homogenization?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för Asien-, Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157588.

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This study deals with the trend of male bodybuilding in Korea and investigates the motivations and aesthetic ideals of Korean male bodybuilders. The author of the study uses the few hitherto academic research works on the subject and tries to give an overview of the history of Korean bodybuilding. Besides, the author has conducted a digital survey in order to collect answers from Korean male bodybuilders about their motivations, aesthetic ideals, etc. The aesthetic ideals of the bodybuilders are then compared to the male aesthetic ideals of modern Korean society and also discussed in relation to the somatic beliefs of NeoConfucianism. The findings are thereafter analyzed in context of two theses of the cultural consequences of globalization, namely homogenization and hybridization. The study concludes that Korean bodybuilders are more concerned with the arduous process of sculpting their physiques rather than the look of them themselves. Although the research material on Korean bodybuilding is scarce and the responses to the conducted survey are small in terms of both numbers and scale, it may be suggested that Korean bodybuilding appears to be an instance of the hybridization thesis. Lastly, the study emphasizes the need for more extensive research on the subject in question.
Denna studie behandlar ämnet koreansk bodybuilding för män och undersöker dels vad som motiverar koreanska kroppsbyggare att utöva sin sport, dels vad deras estetiska ideal är. Studiens författare använder sig av den begränsade befintliga forskningen inom ämnet och försöker även ge en överblick över koreansk bodybuildings historia. Författaren har dessutom utfört en digital undersökning för att samla in svar från koreanska kroppsbyggare om deras drivkrafter, estetiska ideal, etc. Dessa ideal jämförs sedan med det moderna koreanska samhällets motsvarigheter och diskuteras även utifrån de somatiska föreställningarna inom neokonfucianismen. Studiens forskningsresultat analyseras sedan utifrån två teorier om globaliseringens kulturella konsekvenser, närmare bestämt homogenisering respektive hybridisering. Trots det knappa forskningsmaterialet kring koreansk bodybuilding är studiens slutsats att koreanska kroppsbyggare är mer måna om den mödosamma processen i att bygga sina kroppar, snarare än hur dessa ser ut i sig själva. Studien suggererar också att koreansk bodybuilding verkar vara ett exempel på hybridiseringsteorin. Slutligen betonar studien behovet av mer utförlig forskning kring ämnet i fråga.

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Якименко, B. B. "Наукові основи культуризму." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30600.

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Фізично розвинена людина не тільки бадьора і життєрадісна, не тільки добре працює, вона одержує задоволення від праці. Це задоволення викликає у людини бажання працювати, і праця перетворюється у нього на потребу.

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Hunter, Sheena A. "Not Simply Women's Bodybuilding: Gender and the Female Competition Categories." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/wsi_theses/27.

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Once known only as Bodybuilding and Women’s Bodybuilding, the sport has grown to include multiple competition categories that both limit and expand opportunities for female bodybuilders. While the creation of additional categories, such as Fitness, Figure, Bikini, and Physique, appears to make the sport more inclusive to more variations and interpretation of the feminine, muscular physique, it also creates more in-between spaces. This auto ethnographic research explores the ways that multiple female competition categories within the sport of Bodybuilding define, reinforce, and complicate the gendered experiences of female physique athletes, by bringing freak theory into conversation with body categories.

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Orejuela, Fernando. "The body as cultural artifact performing the body in bodybuilding culture /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3161795.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Folklore and Ethnomusicology, 2005.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: A, page: 0290. Adviser: Richard Bauman. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 11, 2006).

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Liedegren, Jon. "Den strukturerade kroppen som ideal : subkultur eller friskvård." Thesis, University West, Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-1463.

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Ghavami, Sara, and Camilla Wallberg. "Bodybuilders upplevelse av hälsa." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-10845.

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Малигін, Анатолій Олександрович, Анатолий Александрович Малыгин, Anatolii Oleksandrovych Malyhin, and В. В. Якименко. "Бодібілдинг як спорт та спосіб життя." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24277.

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Малигін, Анатолій Олександрович, Анатолий Александрович Малыгин, Anatolii Oleksandrovych Malyhin, and О. Лапіна. "Бодібілдинг - вірний супутник в повноцінному житті сучасної успішної людини." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24249.

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Бодібілдинг - це шлях до самовдосконалення. Можливість зміцнити своє тіло, зробити його сильніше, виховувати силу волі, ставити мету і домагатися її. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/24249

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Klinkert, Egrenius Ida. "Att bygga manlig kropp och identitet : Mediabilder av bodybuilding i 1960-talets Sverige." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312502.

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This study is about how bodybuilders in the 1960s are produced in the Swedish media image. The purpose of the study is to clarify how the male, muscular, body and identity is portrayed in the media image. Through an analysis of how daily- and evening newspapers reported, negotiated and linguistically produced bodybuilding and its practitioners, I hope to access these representations which together can be considered to form a specific discourse about bodybuilding. The language used by journalists, columnists, muscle bodybuilding and other people represented in the material formed the analogies, dichotomies and symbols that shape bodybuilding's identity in the 1960s. I have tried to show how the creation of meaning about bodybuilding and its practitioners construct the bodybuilder’s identity during the period in question as well as what the bodybuilder represented and what value the practitioner and his activities were attributed by and also how the gender norms can be distinguished from the actual material. I have chosen to call this period the legitimation phase of bodybuilding and by this I do not mean whether bodybuilders become an authorized representative of a masculine ideal, but rather the fact that through the media image of meaning negotiation he receives specific characteristics and cultural connotations that are maintained and renegotiated through language. Through the 1960s media image the bodybuilder is neither intelligent, beautiful and he has no soul, he also has feminine attributes and a passive muscularity. On the other hand, because of the positive qualities emphasized in his defense he is also handsome, intelligent, he has a soul and he has an active male body. This is also a part of his identity.

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Santos, Azenildo Moura. "Imagem corporal, estética e "Bodybuilding Culture" em tres acadêmias brasileiras: uma análise qualitativa." Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/26996.

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Este estudo apresenta os resultados da tese intitulada "Imagem Corporal, Estética e "Bodybuilding Culture" em três academias brasileiras: Uma Análise Qualitativa", o qual relata, dentro de uma perspectiva etnográfica, a cultura do bodybuilding. Os objetivos específicos são expressos em forma de artigos, que, em conjunto, compõem a tese, requisito parcial da avaliação do doutorado em saúde pública. O presente estudo foi conduzido por princípios etnográficos. Os dados foram coletados por meio da "participação observante", como proposto por Loïc Wacquant (2002). Em outras palavras, ao mesmo tempo em que o autor estava observando o ambiente, ele também estava treinando nas academias. As três academias foram selecionadas após a aprovação do projeto de pesquisa e de acordo com os diferentes padrões sócio-econômicos dos indivíduos e das academias. Os três ginásios selecionados localizam-se em Recife, estado de Pernambuco, Nordeste do Brasil. O primeiro artigo intitula-se "Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) Use, Body Image and Brazilian Culture: The Perfect Storm!" A partir de uma revisão não sistemática, esse artigo discute e revela aspectos da imagem corporal, o uso de esteroides anabolizantes e da cultura do corpo dentro da cultura brasileira, de valores da estética do corpo, apresenta novas evidências desse entrelaçamento e as consequências da busca de uma estética do corpo dentro de um novo padrão "aesthetic", como uma tempestade perfeita entre os praticantes de musculação. O segundo artigo, intitulado “Motivations for Body Construction, and Bodybuilders Lifestyle: An Ethnographic Study" teve por objetivo descrever e investigar a busca do corpo ideal por meio de uma mudança do corpo, o estilo de vida do bodybuilder, e do relacionamento social no âmbito da cultura da musculação. O terceiro artigo intitulado "Pattern of anabolic steroid use within Brazilian bodybuilding culture: controversial issues", teve por objetivo investigar como os esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) e ergogênicos se inserem na cultura dos fisiculturistas em sua relação com a estética e a imagem corporal e o risco à saúde.

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Gomez, Marie. "Identité de genre et auto-objectivation : une comparaison entre bodybuilders-es et non-pratiquants." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30037.

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Le bodybuilding incarne l’une des formes contemporaines de façonnage et de transformation -littéralement, de construction – corporelle les plus spectaculaires. La surenchère musculaire évoque d’emblée la masculinité, sur un mode hyperbolique, mais non sans contradictions : car ces corps hypertrophiés n’ont pas d’autre but qu’esthétique, rompant avec la logique sportive qui suppose l’accomplissement d’une performance. Au sein de ce sport-spectacle, l’idéal corporel bodybuildé -alliant les critères triadiques de volume, définition et symétrie - est atteint par un travail méticuleux et morcelé de chaque groupe musculaire, et un véritable dispositif disciplinaire quotidien, proche de l’ascèse. Notre travail se propose d’interroger les ambiguïtés et contradictions que soulève la pratique du culturisme au regard de l’identité corporelle et genrée. Dans un premier temps, il s’agira d’étudier la façon dont les hommes et femmes culturistes établissent une définition genrée d’eux-mêmes et la perception qu’ils ont des groupes masculin et féminin, en comparaison de sujets qui ne pratiquent pas. Par la suite, à partir de la question du primat de l’apparence dans la conception de soi, on s’est intéressé aux construits de l’auto-objectivation : la tendance à privilégier des attributs corporels esthétiques au détriment d’attributs fonctionnels, la surveillance (ou monitoring de son apparence) et la honte corporelle. Les résultats des axes quantitatif et qualitatif mettent en évidence une identité corporelle spécifique au groupe culturiste, davantage marquée par l’objectivation, ainsi qu’une identité genrée également spécifique, relevant d’une description plus masculine, mais non moins féminine de soi. Au sein du groupe culturiste, certaines différences de mesure liées au sexe tendent à disparaître ; les données qualitatives suggérant également une homogénéisation des représentations (en particulier, le caractère « a-genré » du muscle) entre bodybuilders et bodybuildeuses. Ces éléments sont, en conclusion, discutés au regard de la théorie de l’identité sociale et plus particulièrement de l’auto-catégorisation
Bodybuilding is one of the contemporary forms of body transformation and shaping - literally of body construction - which lies within the most spectacular. The acute work out for muscles immediately evokes masculinity, on a hyperbolic mode, but not without contradictions: because those hypertrophied bodies don’t have any other goal but esthetical, breaking up with the common logic of sports that implies as a matter of fact the accomplishment of a performance. Within this sport-show, the ideal body suggested by bodybuilding – combining the triadic criteria of volume, definition and symmetry – is reached by a meticulous and fragmented work out of each muscular group, and a real daily disciplinary arrangement, close to asceticism. Our work intends to question the ambiguities and contradictions raised by the practice of bodybuilding in the light of corporal and gender identity. First, we will study how male and female bodybuilders picture a gender definition of themselves and the perception they have of masculine and feminine groups, compared to individuals that do not have this practice. Afterwards, on the basis of the primacy question of appearance within the conception of the self, our interest grew for the self-objectification constructions: the tendency to favor physical and esthetical attributes at the expense of functional attributes, the appearance monitoring and the physical shame. The results of the quantitative and qualitative axis highlight the corporal identity specific to bodybuilders’ group, particularly marked by the objectification, as well as a gender identity also specific, going with a foster masculine description, but not less feminine. Within the bodybuilders’ group, a few measuring differences gender-related seem to disappear; the qualitative data suggesting also a homogenization of the mindsets (in particular, the asexual character of the muscle) between male and female bodybuilders. These components are, to conclude, discussed in the light of the social identity theory and most particularly self-categorization theory

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Morton-Brown, Marla Annette. "Physiology as performance : the impact of female body building on the natural attitude /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008399.

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Liokaftos, Dimitrios. "From 'classical' to 'freaky' : an exploration of the development of dominant, organised, male bodybuilding culture." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/8006/.

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Through a combination of historical and empirical research, the present thesis explores the development of dominant, organized bodybuilding culture across three periods: early (1880s-1930s), middle (1940s-1970s), and late (1980s-present). This periodization reflects the different paradigms in bodybuilding that the research identifies and examines at the level of body aesthetic, model of embodied practice, aesthetic of representation, formal spectacle, and prevalent meanings regarding the 'nature' of bodybuilding. Employing organized bodybuilding displays as the axis for the discussion, the project traces the gradual shift from an early bodybuilding model, represented in the ideal of the 'classical,' 'perfect' body, to a late-modern model celebrating the 'freaky,' 'monstrous' body. This development is shown to have entailed changes in notions of the 'good' body, moving from a 'restorative' model of 'all-around' development, health, and moderation whose horizon was a return to an unsurpassable standard of 'normality,' to a technologically-enhanced, performance- driven one where 'perfection' assumes the form of an open-ended project towards the 'impossible.' Central in this process is a shift in male identities, as the appearance of the body turns not only into a legitimate priority for bodybuilding practitioners but also into an instance of sport performance in bodybuilding competition. Equally central, and related to the above, is a shift from a model of amateur competition and non-instrumental practice to one of professional competition and extreme measures in search of the winning edge. Explored in its different facets, the currently dominant paradigm, whose origins are traced back to a late-1960s USA context, is shown to have prevailed through aligning itself with a larger ideology of self-actualization and performance as well as a corporate modus operandi. Despite exhibiting increasingly insular tendencies at a national level in the last 20 years, it is shown to reproduce itself and even expand through its global reach

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Gaines, Rodney P. "Comparison of Anthropometric Measures of Competitive Bodybuilders to Judges' Scores and a Comparison of Judges' Scores." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29253.

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This research compared physical characteristics of bodybuilders to judges' rankings, and compared the judges' rankings across three levels of judges: Elite, Trained, and Untrained. Twenty-nine male and nine female bodybuilding athletes consented to anthropometric and circumference measurements. The independent variables in this study were bodyfat, fat-free weight, and proportionality of muscle. Three groups of judges ranked male and female athletes in the Open, Novice, Collegiate, and Masters divisions. The measurements of proportionality of muscle, bodyfat, girths, and fat-free weight were analyzed using simple and multiple regression. The judges' rankings in each class were compared using reliability coefficients, correlation, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the generalized theory for inter-rater reliability. There were significant correlations between the Elite judges' rankings and bodyfat in the Men's Open lightweight class. The Trained and Elite judges' rankings were significantly correlated with bodyfat in the Women's Novice class. Fat-free weight was significantly correlated with the Untrained and Elite judges' rankings in the Women's Novice division. Proportionality of muscle was significantly correlated with the Elite and Trained judges' rankings in the Men's Open lightweight class. Elite and Trained judges' rankings were significantly correlated with bodyfat and proportionality of muscle. All three groups of judges' were significantly correlated with the Overall rankings. The Trained judges' rankings were more correlated and more reliable with the Elite judges. The inter-rater reliability scores were higher for the Elite and Trained judges than for the Untrained judges. When fat-free weight was substituted for body weight in the calculation of proportionality of muscle, prediction of ranking was enhanced. The education session led to a significant disparity in judges' rankings between Trained and Untrained judges. Bodyfat appears to be a better selection variable when comparing physical measurements to judges' rankings in women. Proportionality of muscle is a better selection variable in predicting judges' rankings in men. Prediction models developed from this investigation need further testing.
Ph. D.

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Gaines, Rodney Perry. "Comparison of Anthropometric Measures of Competitive Bodybuilders to Judges' Scores and a Comparison of Judges' Scores." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29253.

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This research compared physical characteristics of bodybuilders to judges' rankings, and compared the judges' rankings across three levels of judges: Elite, Trained, and Untrained. Twenty-nine male and nine female bodybuilding athletes consented to anthropometric and circumference measurements. The independent variables in this study were bodyfat, fat-free weight, and proportionality of muscle. Three groups of judges ranked male and female athletes in the Open, Novice, Collegiate, and Masters divisions. The measurements of proportionality of muscle, bodyfat, girths, and fat-free weight were analyzed using simple and multiple regression. The judges' rankings in each class were compared using reliability coefficients, correlation, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the generalized theory for inter-rater reliability. There were significant correlations between the Elite judges' rankings and bodyfat in the Men's Open lightweight class. The Trained and Elite judges' rankings were significantly correlated with bodyfat in the Women's Novice class. Fat-free weight was significantly correlated with the Untrained and Elite judges' rankings in the Women's Novice division. Proportionality of muscle was significantly correlated with the Elite and Trained judges' rankings in the Men's Open lightweight class. Elite and Trained judges' rankings were significantly correlated with bodyfat and proportionality of muscle. All three groups of judges' were significantly correlated with the Overall rankings. The Trained judges' rankings were more correlated and more reliable with the Elite judges. The inter-rater reliability scores were higher for the Elite and Trained judges than for the Untrained judges. When fat-free weight was substituted for body weight in the calculation of proportionality of muscle, prediction of ranking was enhanced. The education session led to a significant disparity in judges' rankings between Trained and Untrained judges. Bodyfat appears to be a better selection variable when comparing physical measurements to judges' rankings in women. Proportionality of muscle is a better selection variable in predicting judges' rankings in men. Prediction models developed from this investigation need further testing.
Ph. D.

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Brickey, Gregory D. "The effect of hand positioning on maximum push-up performance in adults." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Briggs, Dustin L. "NATURALLY STRIATED MUSCLE: EXAMINING THE IDEOGRAPHIC CRYSTALLIZATION OF." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1161.

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In U.S. America and much of the Western world, natural is a venerated symbolic placeholder for any number of assumed virtues and ideals. Present conflicts have brought forward questions about what natural (which I argue functions as an ideograph) should mean in contexts that seem to call for a formal, enforceable definition. In this study, I use the vocabulary of Deleuze and Guattari (1987) and the context of bodybuilding to work towards a theory of how ambiguous ideographs become "striated" or “crystallized.” Within this discussion I present instances where natural has been employed as a vehicle to cause harm, and I offer an advisement to rhetorical scholars on how we might approach striated ideographs in the future.

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Kazlauskas, Sigitas. "Kultūrizmui prioritetą teikiančių teikiančių vyrų jėgos lavinimo metodų ypatumai." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100903_082453-84101.

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Vis daugiau vyrų teikia prioritetą kultūrizmo pratimų atlikimui laisvalaikiu. Į sporto klubus ateina skirtingo parengtumo, amžiaus, fizinio išsivystymo, sveikatos būklės vyrai. Didesnė jų dalis neturi tokių pratimų darymo patirties ir apakinti reklaminių klipų, filmų, straipsnių tikisi labai greito efekto. Savaime suprantama, kad sporto klubuose dirbantys treneriai turi išmokyti tuos vyrus metodiškai teisingai atlikti pratimus, įdiegti stabilaus ir nuoseklaus mankštinimosi įprotį. Todėl būtina išanalizuoti ir moksliškai pagrįsti laisvalaikiu kultūrizmo pratybas lankančių vyrų raumenų jėgos lavinimo metodikas Kita problema taikomų pratimų atlikimo metodų veiksmingumas. Sporto klubuose dirbantys specialistai pradedantiesiems taiko kaip taisyklė klasikine tapusią D.Veiderio metodiką. Savaime suprantama, kad būtina kritiškai įvertinti šią metodiką ir bandyti ieškoti įdomesnių ir veiksmingesnių vyrų fizinės saviugdos, atliekant kultūrizmo pratimus metodikų. Tyrimo objektas. Kultūrizmo pratybas pradėjusių lankyti vyrų raumenų išlavinimo savivertė bei jėgos lavinimo pratimų atlikimo kokybė, taikomų raumenų lavinimo metodikų efektyvumas. Tyrimo uždaviniai. 1. Ištirti pradedančių kultūristų raumenų jėgos lavinimo metodų teorines prielaidas. 2. Nustatyti pradėjusių lankyti kultūrizmo pratybas vyrų pratimų atlikimo kokybę bei siekius 3. Išanalizuoti pradedančiųjų kultūristų jėgos lavinimo metodų ypatumus. 4. Ištirti raumenų jėgos rodiklių kaitą 5. Nustatyti tiriamųjų požiūrį į raumenų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
More and more men prefer bodybuilding in their leisure time. Men of different physical training, age, sportsmanship, health and condition attend sports clubs. The majority of them have no experience in exercising and being tempted by commercials, films and articles, hope for a very fast result. Coaches working at sports clubs naturally have to teach those men how to perform the exercises methodically correctly, to develop a habit of stable and consistent exercising. Therefore it is essential to analyse and provide scientific reasoning for muscle strength training techniques used by men attending bodybuilding workouts in their leisure time. Another problem is efficiency of applied methods of exercise performance. Specialists working at sports clubs for the beginners apply, as a rule, the Veider technique which has become a classic. Naturally, it is essential to evaluate this technique critically and to make attempts to find bodybuilding workout techniques of men physical self-help which would be more interesting and more efficient. Object of the research. Muscle development self-esteem and quality of strength training exercise performance in men starting to attend bodybuilding workouts. Objectives of the research. 1. To study theoretical assumptions of strength training methods of beginner bodybuilders. 2. To determine the quality of exercise performance and aims of beginner bodybuilders. 3. To analyse the peculiarities of strength training methods of beginner... [to full text]

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20

Olsson, Molly. "Identiteten bakom gymkroppen : Om kroppslighet och identitetsutveckling på gym." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76104.

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Inledning: Studien ämnar att undersöka gymmets kulturmiljö samt deltagande individers förhållande till den egna kroppen, dess förändring och identitetsförankring. Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur informanterna reflekterar kring träning, kropp och gym samt hur det kan kopplas till observationer av gymmets kulturmiljö. Detta utifrån följande tre frågeställningar: Hur uttrycker informanterna att förhållandet till den egna kroppen ser ut, och hur den har förändrats sedan de började träna på gym? Hur kopplar informanterna träningen till sin identitet och hur gestaltas identitet i gymmiljö? Hur kan gymmets kulturmiljö beskrivas utifrån observationer? Metod: Studien bygger på fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer och tre observationstillfällen. Intervjuerna fokuserade på de tre teman träning, kroppslighet och identitet och pågick i 30-45 minuter. Delatagande observationer skedde på ett gym i Södra Sverige vid tre olika tillfällen. För att underlätta insamling av material utgick observationerna ifrån ett observationsunderlag (se bilaga). Resultat: Informanterna anser att förhållandet till den egna kroppen förändrats och blivit mer utseendefixerat sedan de började träna på gym. Identiteten är starkt förankrad i gymträningen och spelar en avgörande roll i upprähållandet av identiteten. I gymkulturen är det vanligt att kroppar granskas och värderas. Slutsats: Deltagande i kulturen har förändrat synen på kroppen för informanterna och träningen är en stor del av identiteten.

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Durkin, Keith F. "Anabolic steroid use among non-competitive male bodybuilders : an application of two theories of deviant behavior /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020622/.

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22

Gomes, Carla Elisabete Lourenço. "Prescrição de exercício e lecionação de aulas individuais no ginásio Eugénios HC & SPA Club." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18772.

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O presente relatório de estágio enquadra-se no âmbito do mestrado em Exercício e Saúde da Universidade de Évora. Estágio que decorreu no Eugénios Health Club & SPA Club. Com este relatório pretende-se essencialmente, fazer uma ponte entre a componente académica e prática comum na área do desporto. Este estágio final de ano, teve como principal objetivo aplicar os conhecimentos e capacidades adquiridas ao longo de todo o percurso académico, assim como desenvolver as competências pessoais e profissionais, de forma a que o ponto de partida para um currículo profissional seja o mais real possível para integração do mercado de trabalho. Este relatório, encontra-se estruturado de forma a descrever as atividades planeadas e desenvolvidas ao longo do estágio. Desta forma estão relatadas as tarefas inicialmente definidas (responsável por acompanhamento na sala de Cardio-Musculação, aulas de natação e realização de aulas de Hidroginástica, bem como as atividades complementares); ABSTRACT: The present internship report fills in the ambit of the master’s degree in Health and Exercise at the Universidade de Évora. This internship occurred at the Eugénios Health & SPA Club. This report aims essentially to make a bridge between the academic and practice components in the sport area. This final internship had the main goal of applying the knowledge and acquired skills throughout the academic path as well the development of the personal and professional abilities, so that the starting point of the professional resume could be as real as possible for a future integration in the employment market. This report finds itself structured to describe the planned and developed activities over the year, making a passage through the theory learned. This way the initial defined tasks are reported – monitoring the cardio/bodybuilding room; organization and execution of different levels of swimming classes; executing water aerobics classes as other complementary activities.

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Shain, Cera R. "“The Most Muscular Woman I Have Ever Seen”: Bev FrancisPerformance of Gender in Pumping Iron II: The Women." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7936.

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The question of what constitutes femininity has been widely debated, not only in gender studies, but also in the broader social world. A venue for this debate is the 1985 documentary, Pumping Iron II: The Women, in which gender and femininity in particular become part of the central plot of the film when Bev Francis, a woman bodybuilder more muscular than any other competitor, enters the competition. While feminist scholars have analyzed gender and sport from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, little attention has been paid to female bodybuilding in particular. To fill this gap, this thesis will examine the ways in which Bev Francis’s portrayal in Pumping Iron II: The Women reinforces and challenges ideas about gender, femininity, and embodiment. In Pumping Iron II: The Women Francis performs gender subversion, actively rebelling against gender norms while the film adheres to rigid definitions of femininity, resulting in her punishment. I seek to understand how female bodybuilding symbolizes larger cultural tensions around feminine gender performativity.

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Pihl, Skoog Emma. "Kraftkarlar och knockouts : Kraftsporter, kropp och klass i Sverige 1920–1960." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-140946.

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The thesis analyses representations of body and class, and their wider ideological meaning, in Swedish power sports from 1920 to 1960. Boxing and weightlifting – sports dominated by manual workers – are chosen as study objects. The sources used are magazines connected to the power sports, and autobiographies by four prominent athletes. The thesis relates to different areas of previous research. One concerns the body as such, from a social and cultural history perspective, another revolves around medial and autobiographical representations in relation to sports, and a third is about the relationships between body, class and sport. In the analysis, the Bourdieusian concepts capital and hexis are added to a discussion on the ways that value is attached to the body, linked to the notions of use value and exchange value. The content analysis of the source material makes ground for an analysis of more implicit ideological aspects, e.g. using Barthes’s theory on mythology. Manual labour and working life appear as central organising themes in the source material. Boxing and weightlifting were largely regarded and designated as professions, challenging ideals of amateurism. A physically demanding manual work was depicted as natural breeding grounds where sports practitioners became skilled. This masculine ideal united people from various manual working groups (not only from the working class in its socio-economic sense) where the emphasis was put on the physical strength and ability of the athlete to work hard. The body was used in a form of class polemics, preferably against middle and upper class people. Certain aspects of strength and style of athletic performance were related to particular levels of intelligence and education. Power athletes from the manual working groups were depicted as “natural”, with associations to rural areas, not least working in the forest. The ideas of naturalness in its most derogatory sense of being close to animals and lacking civilisation, was however mostly used in connections with black athletes. Success stories were common narratives about power sports as arenas of success. They included a powerful norm that success must be cultivated, where the responsibility was put upon the athlete himself. Successful athletes from manual working groups could transform their physical capital into economic capital, which was often depicted as short-lived because of aging and individual shortcomings. A commercial consumer culture became more explicit in the 1950s, when bodybuilding had its Swedish breakthrough within weightlifting. Sports training was rationalised and largely decoupled from its associations with manual work. This led to an increased reification of the body as pure surface, which was attributed a value itself. The body became an area of consumption, a commodity with an exchange value, when decoupled from its use value as labour or tool for sporting success. As to the ideological aspects of the development, it is shown that there was a widespread individualist norm. Only the individual himself had the possibility to rise up and achieve success. The ideal of manual work was more of a moral and cultural nature, than political. Although there were some collectivist features in that rhetoric, the manual worker idealisation fundamentally carried an individualistic tendency. It is argued that this idealisation, or workerism, is a fruitful object for further analyses.

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Nilsson, Malin. "En vältränad och hälsosam kropp - eller bara en täckmantel för vad det egentligen handlar om? : En innehållsanalys av träningstidningarna Body och Fitness." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Sociologi, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-1667.

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The aim with this Essay is to examine the two most read magazines in Sweden covering the areas of exercising, fitness, bodybuilding, diets and “wellness” –Fitness and Body. Fitness’s target group is predominantly woman, while Body is almost exclusively read by men. The analysis is first done quantitatively, by systematically categorising the contents of the magazines. Then a qualitative analysis is made. Using two different theories, Anja Hirdman’s gender concept along with her constructivistic media perspective and the theory of Symbolic Interactionism, i try to answer the following questions; Does the two magazines term of address and language differ from one and other? And if that is the case, in what way? With point of departure from contents and subject areas, how are the two magazines compounded? How can the underlying message in the different articles be interpreted?The analysis shows that both magazines followed their purpose of writing about exercising in general, diet, fitness and bodybuilding. However, the magazine Fitness writes more often then Body about matters not following the given purpose, and the language in Body is more informative and general in comparison with the language used in Fitness. Still, the messages sent out by the different articles are in majority of the respects similar. Both magazines are portraying body ideals who can be understand as extreme. In Body the message feels fairly straight, “Build bigger muscles and burn more fat”, whereas Fitness willingly use the concept of “wellness” as a cover for what the message really is, namely “get your self a rock hard body through dieting and hard training”!

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Tamošiūnas, Nerijus. "Moksleivių požiūris i kultūrizmą." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140619_115552-04357.

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Tyrimo objektas: 5-6 ir 10-11 klasių moksleivių požiūris į kultūrizmą. Problemos pagrindimas: Sportinė veikla kelia žmogui daugybę dorovinių principų. Paauglystėje ryškiausiai pastebima tai, jog bręsta nauja asmenybė, formuojasi pasaulėžiūra, doroviniai įsitikinimai, idealai, vertinimo sprendimai, kuriais žmogus pradeda vadovautis. Anot B. Grigaitės (2006), žmogus paauglystės periodu pradeda domėtis savimi, savo vidiniu pasauliu, atsiranda poreikis įvertinti save ir palyginti su kitais. Tokiu būdu, šiuo amžiaus tarpsniu, vis labiau pastebimas atsirandantis kūno grožio kultas. Nors kultūrizmas neakcentuoja tik išorinio grožio, o atkreipia dėmesį ir į žmogaus išorinę ir vidinę harmoniją, tačiau čia, kiek kitaip nei daugelyje sporto šakų, rezultatai yra matomi išlavintame sportininko kūne, o ne rezultatų lentelėse. Tad paaugliams vertinant daugiau išorinį grožį ištreniruoto kūno vaizdinys turėtų paskatinti imtis aktyvios sportinės veiklos. Tad šiuo tyrimu ir siekta išsiaiškinti moksleivių požiūrį į kultūrizmą. Tikslas: atskleisti 5-6 ir 10 - 11klasių moksleivių požiūrį į kultūrizmą. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti 5 - 6 su 10 – 11 klasių moksleivių požiūrį į kultūrizmą. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti 5 - 6 su 10 – 11 klasių moksleivių žinias apie kultūrizmą. 3. Nustatyti ir palyginti 5 - 6 su 10 – 11 klasių moksleivių fizinį aktyvumą. 4. Nustatyti ir palyginti kaip tėvai įtakoja 5 - 6 su 10 – 11 klasių moksleivių požiūrį į fizinį aktyvumą. Tyrimo metodai ir tiriamieji... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Object: secondary schoolchildren school (year 5-6) and high school schoolchildren (year 10-11) attitudes towards bodybuilding. Substantiation of a problem: sports activities are of a man many moral principles. During adolescence, most vividly seen is the new mature personality, formed worldview, moral beliefs, ideals, assessment solutions that person starts to follow. According Grigaitės B. (2006), one period of adolescence are becoming interested in themselves, their inner world, there is a need to measure yourself and compare with others. In this way, in this age of maturity, there is a strong tendency of the body resulting from the cult of beauty. While bodybuilding does not focus on just the outer beauty, and draws attention to the human internal and external harmony, but here a little differently than most sports, the results are visible educated athlete's body, but not the results tables. Thus, the assessment of adolescents trained more outer beauty body image should take an active role to promote sports activities. Therefore, this study aimed to find out, and students' views on bodybuilding. Goal: To reveal schoolchildren (year 5-6) attitude towards bodybuilding. Objectives: 1. To ascertain and compare attitude towards bodybuilding of students year 5-6 to schoolchildren year 10-11. 2. To ascertain and compare knowledge of bodybuilding of schoolchildren year 5-6 to scoolchildren year 10-11. 3. To ascertain and compare knowledge physical activity levels of schoolchildren... [to full text]

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Aguirre, Aspiros Jean Piero, Llerena Juan José Huayhua, Soto José Francisco Kawamura, Cieza Miguel Ángel Román, and Muñoz Hans Christian Wolfinson. "Galletas Proteicas." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652297.

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El trabajo presentado por el grupo de estudio universitario se basa en la elaboración y ventas de galletas con alto contenido proteico de sabores como chocolate, arándanos y coco, enfocado a un público dedicado al cuidado de la salud y a la tonificación de sus cuerpos. Esto se realiza con la finalidad de contribuir con la alimentación de las personas de una manera significativa e innovadora ofreciendo productos con ingredientes naturales y que a la vez presenten nutrientes que favorezcan a la salud de los consumidores. Estos productos cuentan con vitaminas A y B, hierro, magnesio y proteínas muy importantes con aminoácidos y glucoproteínas. Asimismo, este producto mantiene un alcance considerable para todos los tipos de compradores, ya que puede ir segmentado para personas que realicen algún tipo de actividad física o para clientes que no realicen actividad física, pero se preocupan por su estado de salud y por su alimentación diaria. En la actualidad en el mercado existen distintas marcas que ofrecen galleta o barras proteicas segmentadas para un público específico, sin embargo, el valor nutricional es menor al esperado por los consumidores y no existe mayor variedad de sabores e insumos. Con este producto que se plantea ofrecer al mercado, se espera generar una perspectiva en los compradores que permita fidelizar sus transacciones con la empresa y de esta convertirse en el líder del mercado con productos de altos estándares de calidad.
The work presented by the university study group is based on the production and sales of high-protein cookies with flavors such as chocolate, blueberries, and coconut, focused on an audience dedicated to health care and the toning of their bodies. This is carried out with the aim of contributing to the nutrition of people in a significant and innovative way, offering products with natural ingredients and at the same time presenting nutrients that favor the health of consumers. These products have vitamins A and B, iron, magnesium and very important proteins with amino acids and glycoproteins. Likewise, this product maintains a considerable scope for all types of buyers, since it can be segmented for people who carry out some type of physical activity or for clients who do not carry out physical activity but are concerned about their state of health and their daily diet. Currently in the market there are different brands that offer biscuits or protein bars segmented for a specific audience, however the nutritional value is less than expected by consumers and there is no greater variety of flavors and supplies. With this product that is proposed to be offered to the market, it is expected to generate a perspective in the buyers that will make their transactions with the company loyal and thus become the market leader with products of high quality standards.
Trabajo de investigación

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Chaves, José Carlos Oliveira. "Corpo "sarado", corpo "saúdavel"? Construção da masculinidade de homens adeptos da prática da musculação na cidade de Salvador." Programa de pós-graduação em saúde coletiva, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10368.

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A saúde na contemporaneidade vem sendo considerada um valor distintivo a ser conquistado, na qual o discurso sobre “saudável” incorpora significados como juventude, força e beleza. A crescente valorização da aparência física tem levado um número cada vez maior de pessoas a frequentar academias de musculação, bem como a consumir produtos farmacêuticos e nutricionais, em vista do aprimoramento das dimensões corpóreas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever os cuidados com o corpo e analisar as concepções de saúde de homens das classes populares freqüentadores de academia na cidade de Salvador. Foi realizado um estudo etnográfico, com vistas a compreender como a construção do corpo musculoso se associa a masculinidade e a saúde nos praticantes de musculação de academias de bairros populares. Utilizou-se predominantemente a metodologia etnográfica proposta por Loic Wacquant (2002) da “Participação Observante”, no intuito de colher impressões, descrições e cenas que minuciosamente orientam o entendimento das práticas de musculação. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com freqüentadores de academias. A musculação se constitui como um esporte em que dar o máximo de si está diretamente ligado ao limite máximo de transformação do próprio corpo. O corpo funciona como um elemento que encarna uma idéia de controle físico e mental, fatores relacionados diretamente como elementos essenciais a saúde. Se por um lado os adeptos ostentam a necessidade de se ter uma vida regrada evitando os excessos da vida mundana, por outro lado utilizam para a manutenção e fabricação do corpo a prática excessiva dos exercícios físicos e o uso elevado de substâncias anabólicas. Esses homens que vêem na disciplina do esporte uma forma de negação de outras masculinidades construídas pelo tráfico de drogas e violência constroem novas hierarquias de masculinidades, na qual a figura do “homem de bem” se instaura como seu elemento estruturante. Observa-se que a idéia de saúde, no contexto estudado, também está diretamente ligada ao que se permeia no imaginário masculino: “saúde, sinônimo de força e externalização do bem-estar físico”, uma vez que esses homens vêem a representação física dos seus corpos como um marcador de saúde, mesmo que na construção do corpo “sarado” eles driblem a lógica do corpo tido como “saudável”. Assim, pode-se concluir que as formas de lidar com o corpo e com a identidade de gênero pode apreender uma riqueza de pormenores que em menor ou maior grau atinge os padrões de saúde e doença.
Salvador

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29

Wellman, Mariah. "Gold’s Gym as a “home”: exploring the tensions between traditional bodybuilders and fitness influencers in a commercially branded space." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6336.

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Bodybuilding “mecca” Gold’s Gym Venice is a popular hotspot for athletes, celebrities, and their fans. Traditional and new media celebrities inhabit the space together and use it for a variety of purposes. Social media influencers often congregate within the walls of Gold’s Gym, using the commercial space to film, host meet-ups with fans, and socialize with other social media stars. Recently, Gold’s Gym Venice has placed restrictions on when, where, and how the influencers can film. This study explores fitness influencers in relation to their environment, the commercial space of Gold’s Gym Venice, through the strategies and tactics (De Certeau, 2011) implemented by different social groups and the self-work (Banet-Weiser, 2012) done by influencers to construct authenticity for their followers and fans. Influencers have often been studied separately from their surroundings, and this thesis analyzes the social media personalities in connection with their surroundings in order to understand how new digital workers navigate creative work in a traditional commercial space.

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Falkenlund, Elin, and Sara Blomberg. ""Jag var helt uppslukad" : svenska manliga bodybuilders livsstil och förhållningssätt till kost." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-34474.

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Varnienė, Ingrida. "20-30 metų kultūrisčių kūno kompozicijos ir kraujo azoto apykaitos rodiklių koncentracijos kaita metiniame treniruočių cikle." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080618_125057-16671.

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Kultūrizmas – tai sporto šaka, kurioje atliekamas anaerobinis fizinis krūvis ir pratimai, kurie atliekami kilnojant ar kitaip atliekant pratimus ir judesius su svoriais. Kitaip tariant, kultūrizmo darbo pobūdis – didžiąją dalį laiko užima svorių kilnojimas, taip pat treniruotės su savo kūno svoriu. Kultūrizmas – estetinė sporto šaka. Fizinio krūvio pobūdis taip pat priklauso nuo to, ar auginama raumenų masė, poodinio riebalų sluoksnio mažinimas, kūno linijų, formų ir proporcijų koregavimas ir formavimas. Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti 20-30 metų kultūrisčių kūno kompozicijos bei kraujo baltymų apykaitos rodiklių koncentracijos pokyčius metiniame treniruočių cikle. Nurodytam tikslui pasiekti iškelti sekantys uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti treniruočių krūvių poveikį kultūrisčių atskirų kūno masės komponentų santykiui metinio treniruočių ciklo eigoje. 2. Palyginti įprastai besimaitinančių ir vartojančių maisto papildus kultūrisčių kūno masės komponentų santykio kaitą metiniame treniruočių cikle. 3. Įvertinti įprastai besimaitinančių ir vartojančių maisto papildus kultūrisčių kraujo baltymų apykaitos rodiklių koncentraciją metinio treniruočių ciklo pradžioje ir gale. 4. Nustatyti koreliacinius ryšius tarp normaliai besimaitinančių ir vartojančių baltyminius maisto papildus kultūrisčių liesos kūno masės, vandens masės ir baltymų apykaitos rodiklių koncentracijos kraujyje metinio treniruočių ciklo pradžioje ir gale. Šiame darbe kėleme hipotezę, kad kryptingi, specifiniai treniruočių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Bodybuilding is a branch of sports when you do anaerobic physical load and exercise, which are achieved by lifting or making moves with weights. In other words bodybuilding attribution is lifting weights for the most part of time also exercising with your own body weight. Bodybuilding is aesthetic branch of sports. Physical loads are subjected to gaining muscle weight, losing hypodermic fat, lines of the body, proportion correction and formation. Objectives were to examine 20-30 years old female bodybuilders body composition and blood protein concentration index variation over a year training cycle. For noted objectives to achive several tasks were used: 1. Evaluate workout effects on female bodybuilders seperate body mass component proportion over a year training cycle. 2. Compare commonly mealing and using supplement female bodybuilders seperate body mass component proportion over a year training cycle 3. Evaluate commonly mealing and using supplements female bodybuilders blood protein concentration index at starting-point and in the end of year training cycle. 4. Identify correlational connections between commonly mealing and using supplement female bodybuilders (lean body mass, water mass and blood protein concentration index) at starting-point and in the end of year training cycle. Hypothesis was brought that purposeful specific training loads, that were used over a year training cycle by female bodybuilders, changes body mass composition and that protein supplements... [to full text]

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Руденко, С. В. "Спортивне харчування у бодібілдингу та спорті." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33092.

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Навіть сьогодні, коли спортивне харчування користується все більшою популярністю, не кожному відомо, для кого і для чого саме воно призначене. Адже саме воно допомагає запобігти нестачі поживних речовин в організмі, уникнути виснаження. Тренування можуть не тільки не приносити користь організму, але навіть йти йому на шкоду (при надмірних перевантаженнях), якщо не дбаєте про свій харчовий раціон. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33092

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Martin, Jarred H. "Trans-corporeal bodybuilding: an exploration of the trans-corporeal relations between South African competitive male bodybuilders and their more-than-human world(s)." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31138.

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The unique community of men’s organised competitive bodybuilding has long displayed a peculiar humanocentrism his/torically ingrained by a subcultural reliance on patriarchal, Cartesian, and Western tropes which discursively encode competitive male bodybuilders as the prototypical Hu/Man(ist) subject: disembodied and disembedded from the materiality of their bodies and their more-than-human world(s). This humanocentric bias has itself been reproduced in the taken-for-granted ways academic work on competitive male bodybuilders often reinscribes exclusionary and hierarchal relations between male bodybuilders’ subjectivities and their material bodies, as well as the more-than-human material agencies that are a necessity in the competitive building and gendered shaping of their muscle. In addressing this gap, this study adopted a feminist-inflected posthumanist approach to explore how the material agencies of South African competitive male bodybuilders’ muscle as well as their more-than-human world(s) co-participate in building their muscle, for the competitive stage. In doing so, the study drew on Stacy Alaimo’s trans-corporeality: a radically relational (re)figuration of Hu/Man(ist) subjectivity and embodiment which (re)imagines the corporeal substance of “the human” as be(com)ing co-constituted through/with/across the material relations and forces of the more-than-human world. In this regard, the methodological work of this study demanded an ontoepistemological shift towards a posthumanist and post-qualitative research-assemblage which set in motion a series of exploratory (re)search(ing) practices, as part of which 30 male bodybuilders from South Africa generated autophotographs about how they competitively build their muscle. From photo-encounter sessions a relational and multi-sensory mode of thinking↔sensing↔working with the participating bodybuilders and their autophotographic material (e)merged in ways which performatively co-produced a far more capacious analytic through/with/across which a multitude of human and more-than-human agencies could be seen to intra-actively co-participate in the material↔discursive↔affective building and gendering of competitive male bodybuilders’ muscle. Ultimately, the study develops a new trans-corporeal mode of theorising competitive male bodybuilders, their muscle, and their muscle-building↔gendering practices which endeavours to more fully understand the more-than↔human relations which are always already at work in building and gendering the men and muscle at the gravitational centre of this peculiar subculture. In the world of men’s competitive bodybuilding, the matter of muscle is never simply human.

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Kay, Joanne. "The gendered construction of the female athlete." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0016/MQ29496.pdf.

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Machado, Eduardo Pinto. "De aprendiz a coach : o aprendizado sobre o uso de anabolizantes entre estudantes de Educação Física." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/133749.

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A utilização não-terapêutica de drogas anabolizantes está documentada na literatura médica como prejudicial à saúde e, na legislação brasileira, como infração penal ante à Lei das Drogas. Apesar dos alertas em diferentes recantos da mídia, cresce o uso destes medicamentos em meio à população brasileira. Entre os usuários, a maioria deles jovens praticantes de musculação, é possível perceber que muitos não apenas usam tais drogas com o propósito de obter ganho muscular, mas também desenvolvem conhecimentos cada vez mais sofisticados, e de várias ordens, sobre os diferentes efeitos dos anabolizantes no corpo humano visando seu melhor uso. Dada à relevância social deste tema e da relação direta com o campo da Educação Física, o presente relatório de pesquisa versa acerca do empreendimento de uma investigação strito sensu que buscou compreender o processo de aquisição, elaboração e compartilhamento dos conhecimentos acerca do uso de anabolizantes entre estudantes de graduação em Educação Física. O marco teórico que subsidiou este estudo contempla, principalmente, as discussões sobre as formulações de Nikolas Rose acerca das biopolíticas contemporâneas (políticas da própria vida), em articulação com os conceitos de enhancement corporal e expertise, além de também versar acerca da teoria da biossociabilidade de Paul Rabinow e da bioascese de Francisco Ortega. A parte mais densa do material empírico foi obtida a partir de entrevistas episódicas, entretanto, sites da Internet também serviram como fontes de informação complementar no processo de identificação sobre como ocorre a organização e sistematização do aprendizado em ambiente virtual. Os entrevistados descreveram o aprendizado sobre a utilização de medicamentos anabolizantes como algo considerado “proibido” frente aos elementos éticos e jurídicos e envolto em um clima de clandestinidade na formação inicial. A partir das entrevistas foi possível identificar que o aprendizado sobre a utilização dos medicamentos anabolizantes é uma temática que apenas tangencia o percurso curricular formal dos acadêmicos de um curso de Educação Física. Também foi possível identificar, a partir do material empírico, que além da dimensão formal de aprendizagem na Educação Física, estes estudantes encontram, fora da graduação, as seguintes dimensões de aprendizagem sobre o tema: as academias de musculação, os fóruns virtuais da Internet e os coaches, considerados os guias da construção corporal por meio do uso do anabolizante. Há também uma última dimensão de aprendizagem que consiste no momento em que os sujeitos têm sua expertise reconhecida pelos pares do grupo quando, então, tornam-se coaches, passando a aplicar os conhecimentos sobre as modificações corporais não apenas em si mesmos, mas também em outras pessoas.
The non-therapeutic use of anabolic drugs is documented in the medical literature as harmful to health and, in Brazilian legislation, as a criminal offense. In spite of warnings in different media spaces, there is an increased use of these drugs among the Brazilian population. Among the users, most of them young bodybuilders, we observed that many not only use these drugs in order to develop muscle hypertrophy, but also acquire increasingly sophisticated knowledge, from several orders, about the different effects of anabolic drugs on the human body aiming at a safer use. Taking into account the social importance of this theme and its direct relation with the Physical Education area, this study aimed to understand the process of acquisition, development and sharing of knowledge about the use of anabolic steroids among undergraduate students of Physical Education. The theoretical framework that supports this study includes mainly discussions on the formulation by Nikolas Rose about contemporary biopolitics of life, in conjunction with de concepts of body enhancement and expertise, and also discusses about the biosociality theory by Paul Rabinow and the bioasceticism by Francisco Ortega. The densest element of the empirical material was obtained from episodic interviews; however, websites also served as data sources in order to identify how learning is organized on the internet. Interview participants described learning about the use of anabolic drugs as something considered "forbidden" in face of ethical and legal elements, and surrounded by a clandestine environment in initial training. From the interviews, we could identify that learning about the use of anabolic steroids is an issue that only touches the formative trajectory of the undergraduate students of Physical Education. We also identified, from the empirical data, that, besides the formal dimension of learning in Physical Education, these students find, outside the undergraduate course, the following learning dimensions about the theme: gyms, virtual forums, and the coaches. The coaches are the last level of learning about the use of anabolic steroids. In this stage, the subjects have their expertise recognized by their peers.

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Мануйлович, Ю. М. "Періодизація тренувального процесу спортсменок у категорії бодіфітнес." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81655.

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Обґрунтована методика удосконалення тренувального процесу жінок 21–25 років категорії боді-фітнес у передзмагальному періоді з урахуванням біологічного циклу жіночого організму. Набули подальшого розвитку дані про структуру тренувального процесу підготовки спортсменок на різних етапах підготовки. Практичне значення отриманих результатів полягає у науковому обґрунтуванні функціональних, генетичних характеристик і удосконаленню фізичної підготовленості жінок категорії бодіфітнес на різних етапах процесу підготовки. Матеріали дослідження та сформульовані висновки можуть бути використані для підвищення кваліфікації тренерів, викладачів фізичного виховання закладів вищої освіти, фахівців галузі фізичної культури і спорту.
Обоснованная методика совершенствования тренировочного процесса женщин 21–25 лет категории боди-фитнес в предсоревновательный период с учетом биологического цикла женского организма. Получили дальнейшее развитие данные о структуре тренировочного процесса спортсменок на различных этапах подготовки. Практическое значение полученных результатов заключается в научном обосновании функциональных, генетических характеристик и совершенствованию физической подготовленности женщин категории бодифитнес на разных этапах процесса подготовки. Материалы исследования и сформулированы выводы могут быть использованы для повышения квалификации тренеров, преподавателей физического воспитания высших учебных заведений, специалистов отрасли физической культуры и спорта.
Substantiated methodology for improving the training process of women aged 21-25 years in the category of body fitness in the pre-competition period, taking into account the biological cycle of the female body. The data on the structure of the training process of female athletes at various stages of training were further developed. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the scientific substantiation of the functional, genetic characteristics and the improvement of the physical fitness of women in the category of body fitness at different stages of the training process. The research materials and the conclusions are formulated can be used to improve the qualifications of coaches, teachers of physical education of higher educational institutions, specialists in the field of physical culture and sports.

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Kirazian, Lory. "Au-delà de l'apparence : culturisme et dopage chez les adolescents libanais." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD077.

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Le culturisme est un sport lié au corps et qui consiste à développer la masse musculaire dans un but esthétique. En anglais, c’est le bodybuilding, qui veut littéralement dire « construction du corps ». Cette construction esthétique se fait grâce à une organisation de vie, un emploi du temps rigoureux et planifié. Ce mode de vie conduit le culturiste à se forger un corps idéal conforme aux exigences de cette pratique.Le champ de la recherche est le Liban d’aujourd’hui qui connaît une instabilité politique depuis la fin de la guerre civile (1975-1990). La guerre mène souvent à l’enfermement et au repli, afin de remédier à cet état autarcique beaucoup de Libanais ont connu des manifestations qui ressemblent à une compensation, symptôme d’un conflit psychique non résolu. Un grand nombre de femmes «s’embellissent » grâce à la chirurgie esthétique et beaucoup d’hommes se musclent en pratiquant le culturisme à outrance dans une société du paraître
Nc

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de, Vreeze Marcus. "Min kropp är mitt tempel : En intervjustudie om hälsa som den nya tidens religion." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66017.

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Denna undersökning har haft som mål att undersöka och förstå hälsoism som begrepp inom bodybuildingkretsar men även om dessa kan uppfattas som religiösa fenomen. Den metod som använts har varit intervjuer, det har varit sex stycken informanter till denna undersökning, fördelningen mellan könen har varit helt jämn, åldersfördelningen har varit relativt jämn med spannet mellan 22 år till 28 år. Efter transkribering av intervjuer har ett kodningsschema använts för att finna material att tolka utifrån en innehållsanalys. Den tidigare forskningen har varit relativt omfattande med allt från mediers roll i att påverka individer till hur extremt fokuserad man kan vara vad gäller matintaget. Detta är för att öka förståelsen för ämnet men även för att kunna jämföra denna studies resultat med den tidigare forskningen. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten har varit bred, för att kunna definiera svaren som religiösa fenomen eller inte har Berger och Luckmanns teori om ”osynlig” religion använts, där religion har skiftat fokus från grupp till individfokus. Men samtidigt för att klassas som ett religiöst fenomen måste det finnas ett meningssystem men samtidigt en egen identitet. Här har även teorin varit till stor hjälp att öka förståelsen för det meningssystem som finns bland svaren. Utifrån svaren kan man se att denna livsstil påverkar individerna både positivt och negativt och i många frågor kan man se tecken på religiösa fenomen. Detta har främst varit frälsning och mission som är sammankopplade med många religioner.

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Arvidsson, Emil, and Kristina Buchholtz. "“En ytlig bransch” : en kvalitativ studie om upplevd hälsa och kroppsuppfattning bland träningsinstruktörer som arbetar på gym." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för folkhälsovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-18648.

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Bakgrund: En dålig kroppsuppfattning kan påverka välmåendet negativt och medföra en rad olika konsekvenser för den fysiska och psykiska hälsan. Tidigare forskning kring fenomenet kroppsuppfattning är begränsad, särskilt kopplat till yrkesrollen, vilket gör det svårt att förstå arbetets betydelse för kroppsuppfattningen. Syftet med studien var att undersöka kroppsuppfattning och upplevt välbefinnande bland träningsinstruktörer som arbetar på gym. Detta för att öka förståelsen för möjliga faktorer som kan påverka kroppsuppfattningen och välbefinnandet. Metod: Studien har genomförts med hjälp av ett kvalitativt metodval i form av enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer där totalt 10 deltagare har fått representera resultatet. Resultat: Sammanfattningsvis visade resultatet att de flesta informanter hade både negativa och positiva tankar om den egna kroppen, men där de positiva tankarna dominerade. Den egna kroppen ansågs vara ett värdefullt redskap där det var viktigt för deltagarna att underhålla sitt yttre då klienter ofta föredrog vältränade träningsinstruktörer. Somliga informanter tävlade även i bodybuilding, vilket tenderade att påverka deras välmående negativt. Det framkom även att det finns en större press kring kvinnors utseende än vad det gör för män ur ett samhällsperspektiv. Deltagarnas syn på hälsa sammanfatttas som ett holistiskt synsätt där flera viktiga komponenter behövde samspela med varandra. Konklusion: På grund av den begränsade forskningen finns därför ett behov för att vidare studera kroppsuppfattning utifrån en kvalitativ och kvantitativ aspekt för att ge en tydligare bild av vilka faktorer som påverkar den.
Background: A poor body perception can affect well being in a negative way and lead to detrimental results for both physical and mental health. Previous research about the phenomenon body perception is limited, especially work related, which makes it harder to understand how work can affect body perception. Purpose: To study body perception and the existence of well being amongst training instructors working at the gym. The objective is to increase the understanding of potential factors that may affect body perception and well being. Method: The study was implemented by using a qualitative methodology in the form of individual semi-structured interviews with a total of ten participants. Results: In summary the result shows that most of the participants experienced both negative and positive thoughts about their own body, although the positive thoughts were more common. A well conditioned body was considered a valuable asset in attracting clients since this was preferred. Some of the participants also competed in bodybuilding; however, this tended to have a negative impact on their well being. In a social setting there is a greater expectation about a women’s appearance than it is for men. The participants view on health can be summarized as a holistic approach where several components contributed. Conclusion: Due to the existence of limited research, there is a need for further studies about body perception from a qualitative and quantitative point of view to give a better picture of possible additional factors that affect it.

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Neto, Bruno Coraucci. "Avaliação de aspectos da saúde e características do treinamento de atletas ativos de fisiculturismo em diferentes modalidades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-19072018-112211/.

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No fisiculturismo a estética corporal é mais importante que o desempenho atlético. A preparação do atleta envolve treinamento resistido (TR) de alto volume e intensidade, estratégias drásticas de alimentação e uso de substâncias farmacológicas (FARM). Atualmente, pouco é conhecido sobre os riscos à saúde aos quais os atletas desse esporte estão submetidos. Objetivos: Identificar o perfil dos atletas ativos no fisiculturismo, em diferentes modalidades, quanto a aspectos da saúde e identificar as características do TR e treinamento aeróbio (TAE) utilizados. Métodos: Foram avaliados 510 atletas, masculino e feminino, ativos no fisiculturismo e afiliados à Confederação Brasileira de Musculação, Fisiculturismo e Fitness; média de idade de 30,17 ± 7,54 anos. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante eventos estaduais e nacionais. Questionário sobre aspectos de saúde e características de treinamento foi aplicado. Foram obtidas as medidas da circunferência do braço direito e abdominal, 3 medidas de pressão arterial (PA) e frequência cardíaca (FC) com monitores automáticos OMRON HME-431. O peso corporal (PC) e a estatura (EST) foram medidos seguindo-se o procedimento oficial dos eventos. Análise Estatística: Utilizou-se média e desvio padrão para as características descritivas, teste Qui-quadrado para parâmetros qualitativos e coeficiente de Pearson pra análise de correlação entre os grupos, com nível de significância p<0,05. Resultados: Foi evidenciado índice de massa corporal (IMC) de 26,16 ± 2,48 Kg/m2 e 22,34 ± 2,15 Kg/m2 (p<0,253), para os atletas do sexo masculino e feminino, respectivamente. Em aspectos de saúde, 6,6% responderam ter doença crônica e, destes, 88,9% não utilizavam medicamento regularmente; relataram ser hipertensos, 1,9% dos atletas, entretanto, 15,74% apresentaram medidas de PA elevadas e 52,5% relataram ter utilizado substância farmacológica proibidas no esporte nos últimos 6 meses anteriores a pesquisa; o acompanhamento por profissional de educação física, nutricionista e médico ocorreu na maioria dos relatos, mas os homens apresentaram menores taxas de seguimento do que as mulheres; o número de atletas sem acompanhamento de profissional de educação física foi maior em indivíduos com PA elevada em comparação a indivíduos com a PA normal (25%; 14,79%; p<0,031). Na fase off-season o treinamento apresentou volume condizente às diretrizes do American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM); na fase PRE, o volume foi mais alto que o indicado pelo ACSM para a maioria dos atletas. Apenas 3,3% dos atletas relataram não utilizar exercício aeróbio na preparação; a maioria utiliza o treinamento aeróbio em jejum. Conclusão: Os atletas do fisiculturismo estão submetidos a treinamento resistido de alto volume e estão expostos a significativos fatores de risco à saúde, como desconhecimento quanto a doenças crônicas, elevado uso de substâncias farmacológicas proibidas no esporte e menor acompanhamento de saúde no sexo masculino.
In bodybuilding, body aesthetics are more important than athletic performance. The athlete\'s preparation involves high volume and intensity resistance training (RT), drastic strategies of nutrition and use of pharmacological substances (FARM). Currently, not much is known about the health risks which athletes of this sport are subjected. Objectives: To identify the profile of active athletes in bodybuilding, in different modalities, regarding aspects of health and to identify the characteristics of the RT and aerobic training (APR) used. Methods: 510 male and female athletes, active in bodybuilding and affiliated with the Brazilian Confederation of Bodybuilding and Fitness; aged 30.17 ± 7.54 years. Data collection was done during state and national events. Questionnaire on health aspects and training characteristics was applied. Measurements of right arm and abdominal circumference, 3 measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) with OMRON HME-431 automatic monitors were obtained. Body weight (BW) and height (HE) were measured following the official procedure of the events. Statistical analysis: Mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive characteristics, Chi-square test for qualitative parameters and Pearson coefficient for correlation analysis between groups, with significance level p <0.05. Results: Body mass index (BMI) of 26.16 ± 2.48 Kg / m2 and 22.34 ± 2.15 Kg / m2 (p <0.253) were recorded for male and female athletes, respectively. In health aspects, 6.6% had chronic disease and, of them, 88.9% did not use medication regularly; 1.9% of the athletes reported to be hypertensive, however, 15.74% had high BP measurements and 52.5% reported having used banned drugs in sports in the last 6 months prior to the survey; follow-up by physical education professional, nutritionist and medical occurred in most reports, but men had lower follow-up rates than women; the number of athletes without accompaniment of physical education professional was higher in subjects with high BP than in subjects with normal BP (25%, 14.79%, p <0.031). In the offseason the training presented volume according to the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM); in the PRE phase, the volume was higher than that indicated by ACSM for most athletes. Only 3.3% of the athletes reported not using aerobic exercise in the preparation; most use fasting aerobic training. Conclusion: Bodybuilding athletes are submitted to high volume resistance training and they are exposed to significant health risk factors, such as lack of knowledge about chronic diseases, high use of pharmacological substances banned in sport, and poor health follow-up in males.

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Kavaliauskas, Skirmantas. "Kultūrizmo, kaip sportinės rekreacijos formos, įtaka žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140620_111510-20705.

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Darbo problema: sportinės rekreacijos formos kultūrizmo įtaką žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Tyrimo hipotezė. Kultūrizmas, kaip sportinės rekreacijos forma, daro įtaką žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Tyrimo objektas: kultūrizmo, kaip sportinės rekreacijos formos, įtaka žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti kultūrizmo, kaip sportinės rekreacijos formos, įtaka žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Baigiamojo darbo uždaviniai 1. Išanalizuoti kultūrizmo, sportinės rekreacijos ir žmogaus gyvenimo kokybės teorinius aspektus. 2. Nustatyti kultūrizmo, kaip sportinės rekreacijos formos, pasirinkimą vartotojų tarpe. 3. Ištirti vartotojų pasirenkamas kultūrizmo, kaip sportinės rekreacijos, formas. 4. Nustatyti sportinės rekreacijos formos kultūrizmo įtaką žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. Išvados. 1. Kultūrizmas yra išskirtinė sporto šaka, kurioje yra parodomas ištobulintas kūnas. Sportinė rekreacija yra aktyvus poilsis gamtinėje arba dirbtinėje aplinkoje, apimantis kultūrizmo sportą, kurio metu yra treniruojami visi kūno raumenys, siekiant juos padidinti. Kultūrizmas ir sportinės rekreacijos forma, daranti teigiamą įtaką žmogaus gyvenimo kokybei. 2. Vyrai dažniau nei moterys teigiamai vertina kultūrizmo sporto šaką (p=0,004). Vyrai dažniau nei moterys užsiiminėja kultūrizmu (p=0,000). Moterys ir vyrai sportinę rekreaciją dažniausiai vertina labai teigiamai (p=0,117). Moterims ir vyrams yra priimtinas jėgas atstatantis įvairaus aktyvumo laipsnio poilsis rekreacija (p=0,497). 3. Vyrai ir moterys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Problem: how bodybuilding, as a form of sports recreation, affects quality of human life. Object: bodybuilding, as a form of sports recreation, affects quality of human life. Purpose: to set affect of bodybuilding, as a form of sports recreation, to quality of human life. Tasks: 1st – to analyze theoretical aspects of bodybuilding, sports recreation and human life quality. 2nd – to set option of bodybuilding as sport recreation form by gender. 3rd – to set forms of bodybuilding as a sport recreation. 3rd – to set influence of bodybuilding to human life quality. Conclusions. 1. Bodybuilding is a unique sport, which is shown by perfected body. Sports recreation is active sport form in natural or artificial environments, covering sport of bodybuilding, in which there are trained all groups of muscles in order to improve them. Bodybuilding is form of sports recreation and is the factor that can have a positive impact on the quality of human life. 2. Men more often than women appreciates bodybuilding sport (p = 0.004). Men more often than women are engaged in bodybuilding (p = 0.000). Sport recreation is valued highly positive by men and women (p = 0.117). Women and men are different restoring forces acceptable degree of activity in leisure recreation (p = 0.497). 3. Men and women are opting for bodybuilding as a sport form of recreation (p = 0.083). Men more often than women are choosing bodybuilding as a form of recreation sports several times a week and several times... [to full text]

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Rezende, Camila Ribeiro de Almeida. "Yukio Mishima e Nathalie Gassel: conexões entre fisiculturismo e arte." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5388.

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Esta dissertação parte da investigação das obras Sol e aço (1968), do artista japonês Yukio Mishima (1925-1970), e A construção de um corpo pornográfico (2005) da artista belga Nathalie Gassel (1964). Ambos praticaram o fisiculturismo enquanto processo artístico a fim de construir uma obra de arte orgânica. Por meio da literatura, eles reconfiguraram essa prática e produziram um sentido de criação particular para ela. Em diálogo com estas obras, são utilizados conceitos e perspectivas provenientes das artes, da literatura, das ciências sociais e da filosofia, visando compreender como o trabalho desses artistas que têm por base o fisiculturismo pode problematizar as abordagens sobre o culto ao corpo e sua utilização como forma de arte.
This dissertation is based on the investigation of the books “Sun and Steel” (1968) by the Japanese artist Yukio Mishima (1925-1970) and “The construction of a pornographic body” (2005) by the Belgian artist Nathalie Gassel (1964). Both artists practiced bodybuilding as an artistic process in order to build an organic work of art. Through literature, they reconfigure their practice and produce a particular sense of creation for it. In dialogue with those books, concepts and perspectives from the arts, literature, social sciences and philosophy, in order to understand how the work of these artists, based on bodybuilding, can discuss the body culture approaches and its use as art.

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Probert, Anne. "Competitive bodybuilders and identity: insights from New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Management, College of Business, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1129.

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This research explores competitive bodybuilders in New Zealand and their identities. Bodybuilders have often been construed as being broadly similar – excessively muscular people, who build their physiques for sometimes questionable reasons, such as for a cover for internal insecurities. Bodybuilding is often considered acceptable for men because muscles are symbolic of masculinity – on women they are seen as unnatural and unfeminine. While external critiques have tended to portray bodybuilders in a negative light, phenomenological accounts have often emphasised participants’ positive experiences. Existing research concerning the identity of bodybuilders has only scratched the surface. Identities reflect an understanding of ‘who one is’ – the continuing meanings people associate with themselves and as members of social groups. Furthermore, bodybuilders are not just ‘bodybuilders’, they are also people. Bodybuilding is not their only identity, it is one of their numerous identities. This research explored not only the meanings participants attribute to bodybuilding, but also how it is lived and experienced within the broader self. A phenomenological-inspired, mixed methodological approach was adopted using quantitative and qualitative methods. Participants were male and female competitive bodybuilders of varying ages residing in New Zealand. They were at different stages in their bodybuilding career and represented a range of competitive experience. A postal questionnaire was completed by 382 competitive bodybuilders, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 32 participants. Photo elicitation was also used. A key outcome of this research has been to highlight the changeable, complex, contradictory nature of bodybuilder identities. Fluidity, ambiguity and pluralism existed amongst the everyday practices and identities of participants. Although bodybuilders shared commonalities, their identities were not identical or stable: bodybuilding could be about transforming the body,looking good, being competitive, creative and/or healthy. It could be a lifestyle, involve personal challenge, self-development, social belonging and friendship. Identity experiences could be influenced by personality, background, gender, sexuality, age, ethnicity, work, family and church. The bodybuilder identities were also found to be closely connected to participant perceptions concerning their natural body, genetic advantages and limitations. Furthermore, their identities were not depthless but entailed commitment, passion, mental, social and emotional dimensions. Competitive bodybuilding was a meaningful activity, that often left an indelible mark and continued to shape participant lives even after they had ceased competitive bodybuilding.

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Lauffer, Patricia Louise 1961. "THE EFFECT OF GENDER, GENDER ROLE, AND WEIGHT TRAINING ON SELF-CONCEPT AND BODY CATHEXIS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276469.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the self-concepts and body cathexis of both males and females engaged in an eleven week weight training course and to examine if differences in gender role would influence the relationship of strength to self-concept and body cathexis. Each group (weight trainers versus controls) was administered the Tennessee Self Concept Scale, Bem Sex-Role Inventory, Eysenck Personality Inventory, and the Body Cathexis Scale. Strength measures were obtained. Group by gender ANOVA and ANCOVA examined differences between and among the groups and genders. Gender role by gender ANOVA and ANCOVA examined differences between and among the androgynous and masculine typed males and females. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship of strength to body cathexis and self-concept. Results indicated pre- and post differences between and among the groups and genders and the genders and the gender roles.

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Björk, Anders, and Jonathan Haag. "Psykologin bakom skadeprevention inom tyngdlyftning, styrkelyft, Crossfit och kroppsbyggning. : En Kvalitativ studie ur coachers perspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30488.

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Huvudsyftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka på vilket sätt coacher inom tyngdlyftning, styrkelyft, Crossfit och kroppsbyggning implementerar preventiva strategier designade för att förebygga skador genom inverkan på psykologiska riskfaktorer. Vidare var det av intresse att undersöka vilka personlighetsdrag hos en idrottare som coacher upplevde ökade risken för skador. Ett ytterligare syfte var att studera coachernas erfarenheter av relationen mellan idrottares stressnivå och skaderisk. Totalt genomfördes nio semistrukturerade intervjuer med coacher på distrikt till internationell nivå lokaliserade i Sverige. Samtliga coacher hade tidigare erfarenhet med skadade idrottare. Resultatet sammanställdes genom en deduktiv innehållsanalys. Under intervjuerna identifierades flera interventionsstrategier som kunde relateras till Williams och Andersens (1998) stressskademodell. Det framgick att coacherna i studien fokuserar mycket på fysiologiska och stressrelaterade aspekter och inte personlighetsdrag när de implementerar interventioner för att förebygga skador. Implikationer för skadeförebyggande träning samt förslag på framtida forskning ges.

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Vallet, Guillaume. "Le sens sexué d’une pratique sportive extrême : le cas des pratiquants de bodybuiding." Paris, EHESS, 2014. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01258493.

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Cette thèse cherche à comprendre le sens sexué de la pratique du bodybuilding chez les hommes hétérosexuels. À partir de la mise en œuvre de différentes méthodes qualitatives, nous mettons en évidence qu’un lien fort et significatif existe entre la motivation pour entrer dans la pratique et le sentiment de fragilité de l’identité de sexe. Toutefois, ce lien est évolutif, notamment lorsque les individus renforcent leur engagement dans la « carrière » de bodybuilder. Cela ne signifie pas que l’expérience genrée liée à la question de l’identité de sexe disparaît, puisque le sens du travail du corps donné dans le bodybuilding possède des liens avec la question du sens accordé au travail professionnel, qui permet aussi de positionner les bodybuilders dans les interactions genrées. Ce point est déterminant, puisqu’il nous amène à conclure que les principaux enjeux relatifs à la problématique de l’identité de sexe se situent dans une compétition intra-masculine, et non pas directement entre hommes et femmes
This thesis aims to understand the sexual sense of bodybuilding for male heterosexual bodybuiders. Thanks to qualitative methodology, we figure out that a strong and significant link exists between the motive to enter the practice and the feeling of a weak gendered identity. Howerver such a link is evolutionary, in particular when the individuals strengthen their commitment in the “carreer” of bodybuilder. That doesn’t mean that the gendered identity issue disappears, because the sense given to the work in bodybuilding has ties with professional work wich also plays a role in the gendered interactions. Such a result is highly relevant, because it allows us to concluse that the main stakes relative to the gendered identity issue concern a competition between men and not directly between men and women

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Halkjaer, Andreas. "Doping och gymkultur : Kroppslig praktik, genus och prevention." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104889.

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Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att undersöka hur doping och anti-doping förstås i ett gym- och fitnessammanhang. För att besvara syftet formulerades tre frågeställningar angående förekomsten av doping, hur doping kan förstås i relation till kropp och genus, och om anti-doping och preventiva insatser. Utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer tillsammans med nio informanter, tillhörande bodybuildingens professionella sfär, har sedan frågeställningarna försökt besvarats. Informanterna bestod av tre kvinnor och sex män i åldrarna 21 till 45 år. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån Connells begrepp hegemonisk maskulinitet och betonad femininitet, samt delar av Bourdieus begreppsapparat. Resultatet presenteras under tre olika teman som berör respektive frågeställning. Utifrån resultatet kan doping förstås vara vanligt förekommande inom professionell bodybuilding vid tävlingssatsning. Doping förekommer även utanför tävlingskontext hos användare med motiv som på olika sätt förankras i rekreation och estetik. I båda fallen kan doping förstås i syfte att stå ut och skapa ett narrativ om att vara något utöver vanliga. Resultatet visar även att anti-dopingarbetet är svårnavigerat och delvis splittrat där nya perspektiv på arbetssätt möter äldre, och där anti-dopingrörelsens olika aktörer kan behöva göras enhetliga för att inte riskera sin trovärdighet.
The purpose of this essay is to examine (anti)doping in a gym- and fitness environment. To answer the research questions, semi-structured interviews have been accomplished with members all part of the professional bodybuilding sphere. The theoretical framework is based on theories by Connell and Bourdieu. The result shows that doping can be understood in relation to a narrative about being something out o the ordinary, but also that the anti-doping interventions lack a path of clear direction.

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Chaba, Lisa. "La recherche de prise de masse musculaire et les troubles du comportement alimentaire chez les sportifs masculins : application du modèle trans-contextuel de la motivation." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4107.

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Bien que la recherche de prise de masse musculaire soit reliée à de nombreux comportements déviants tels que les troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA), les types de motivation et les variables sociocognitives sous-jacentes restent à ce jour peu identifiés. Cette thèse a pour objectif principal d’appliquer le modèle trans-contextuel de la motivation (Hagger & Chatzisarantis, 2009), intègrant la théorie de l’auto-détermination (Deci & Ryan, 2000) et la théorie du comportement planifié (Ajzen & Madden, 1986), pour rendre compte de la séquence motivationnelle sous-tendant les comportements de prise de masse musculaire des bodybuilders masculins, et les comportements alimentaires des sportifs pratiquant des disciplines sportives à risque telles que le bodybuilding et la course à pied. Cinq études composent ce travail doctoral. L’étude 1 est une revue de la littérature anglophone relative à la recherche de prise de masse musculaire et à la dysmorphie musculaire chez les bodybuilders. L’étude 2 a pour objet de développer et valider un questionnaire mesurant la recherche de prise de masse musculaire chez les sportifs masculins francophones, intitulé le DMS-FR. Les études 3 et 4 appliquent le modèle trans-contextuel de la motivation au contexte des comportements de prise de masse musculaire chez les bodybuilders masculins, et au contexte des comportements alimentaires de sportifs masculins pratiquant le bodybuilding ou la course à pied. L’étude 5 explore de manière qualitative d’autres facteurs psychosociaux susceptibles d’expliquer la dynamique de développement des TCA en fonction du niveau d’engagement compétitif des bodybuilders. Les principaux résultats montrent que différents types de motivation pour le sport (autodéterminée et contrôlée) sont reliés positivement aux comportements de prise de masse musculaire chez les bodybuilders masculins, et aux comportements alimentaires des bodybuilders et des coureurs masculins, de manière directe, et par le biais des variables de la théorie du comportement planifié. Cette thèse supporte l’importance d’appréhender les mécanismes psychosociaux explicatifs des déviances alimentaires chez les bodybuilders masculins dans la perspective de pouvoir développer des outils de prévention
Although the drive for muscularity was related to some deviant behaviors such as eating disorders, the underlying types of motivation and socio-cognitive variables are only scarcely identified to date. The main goal of this thesis was to apply the trans-contextual model of motivation (Hagger & Chatzisarantis, 2009), integrating the theory of self-determination (Deci & Ryan, 2000) and the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen & Madden, 1986), to show the motivational sequence underlying the drive for muscularity behaviors among male bodybuilders and the eating behaviors in male athletes practicing at risk sports such as bodybuilding and running. Five studies comprise this dissertation. Study 1 presented a literature review of the drive for muscularity and muscle dysmorphia among bodybuilders. The purpose of the study 2 was to develop and validate a questionnaire (DMS-FR) to measure the drive for muscularity among French-speaking male athletes. Studies 3 and 4 applied the trans-contextual model of motivation in the drive for muscularity behaviors context among male bodybuilders, and in the eating behaviors context among male athletes practicing at risk sports (i.e., bodybuilding vs running). Study 5 qualitatively explored other psychosocial factors that may explain the development dynamics of eating disorders, according to the competitive level of the bodybuilders. The main results showed that different types of motivation (i.e., auto-determined and controlled) were positively related to drive for muscularity behaviors among male bodybuilders and to eating behaviors among male bodybuilders and runners, both directly and through the socio-cognitive variables of the theory of planned behavior. This thesis defends the importance of studying the psychosocial mechanisms which could explain deviant eating behaviors among male bodybuilders in the perspective of developing preventive tools

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Baum, Indiana Bernard. "A relação entre dismorfia muscular, dependência de exercício e overtraining em praticantes de musculação." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/183197.

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Devido à crescente valorização do corpo, além dos transtornos alimentares, os transtornos de imagem têm crescido e alcançado os mais variados perfis, não apenas modelos e atletas, mas também praticantes de exercícios recreacionais, sem escolher sexo, idade e atividade laboral. Observa-se que, as investigações acerca da dismorfia muscular relacionadas a atletas são vastas, contudo há carência de estudos que investiguem a prevalência em outras populações, como, por exemplo, em não atletas e em mulheres. Na dismorfia muscular, ocorre a insatisfação relacionada ao aspecto dos músculos ou simplesmente a percepção alterada da musculatura, o que pode levar à obsessão pela hipertrofia muscular e, consequentemente, pelo treinamento. A obsessão pelo treinamento é conhecida como dependência de exercício e caracteriza-se pela prática mesmo sob condições adversas, como doença ou lesão. Por sua vez, a prática excessiva de exercícios sem o adequado planejamento e sem os períodos suficientes de descanso entre as sessões de treino podem levar ao aparecimento de sinais e sintomas de overtraining, como, por exemplo, o decréscimo prolongado de desempenho físico. Portanto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa, de cunho quantitativo e transversal, foi verificar se há correlação entre dismorfia muscular, dependência de exercício e overtraining em praticantes de musculação. Participaram do estudo 320 sujeitos, entre eles homens e mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 79 anos, praticantes de musculação há, pelo menos, três meses, com frequência mínima de três treinos por semana, de dez diferentes academias do Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre, que foram avaliados por meio de três questionários validados relacionados aos temas da pesquisa, além do questionário de caracterização da amostra. A partir da análise dos dados, conclui-se que indivíduos com risco para dismorfia muscular tendem a apresentar maiores níveis de dependência de exercício. O sexo parece não influenciar maiores níveis de dismorfia muscular, dependência ou overtraining e indivíduos mais jovens parecem ter maiores indícios de dismorfia muscular e de overtraining. Os indivíduos que priorizam o ganho de massa muscular em detrimento de outros objetivos demonstraram maiores associações com risco para dismorfia muscular e com risco para dependência de exercício.
Due to the growing appreciation of the body, in addition to eating disorders, the image disorders have grown and reached the most varied profiles, not only models and athletes, but also practitioners of recreational exercises, without choosing sex, age and work activity. It is observed that the investigations of muscular dysmorphia related to athletes are vast, however, there is a lack of studies investigating the incidence in other populations, such as non-athletes and women. In muscular dysmorphia, there is dissatisfaction related to the appearance of the muscles or simply the altered perception of the muscles, which can lead to an obsession with muscular hypertrophy and, consequently, through training. The obsession with training is known as exercise dependency and is characterized by practice even under adverse conditions such as illness or injury. In addition, excessive exercise without proper planning and lack of sufficient rest periods between training sessions can lead to overtraining signs and symptoms, such as a prolonged decrease in physical performance. Therefore, the objective of this quantitative and cross-sectional study was to verify if there is a correlation between muscle dysmen- der, exercise dependence and overtraining in bodybuilders. A total of 320 subjects, mens and womens, aged between 18 and 79 years, had been trained for at least three months, with a minimum of three training sessions per week, from ten different fitness centers in the Historic Center of Porto Alegre, three validated questionnaires related to the research themes, besides the sample characterization questionnaire. From the analysis of the data, it is concluded that individuals with risk for muscular dysmorphia tend to present higher levels of exercise dependence. Sex does not appear to influence higher levels of muscle dysmorphism, dependence or overtraining, and younger individuals appear to have greater evidence of muscle dysmorphia and overtraining. Individuals who prioritize muscle mass gain over other goals have demonstrated greater associations with risk for muscle dysmorphia and risk for exercise dependence.

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Oliveira, Hildeamo Bonif?cio. "Associa??o da frequ?ncia al?lica dos polimorfismos dos genes do sistema renina angiotensina com a for?a muscular e press?o arterial de idosas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13279.

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Physiological changes induced by the aging process is dynamic and progressive, reducing the adaptability and independence of older people and may be influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Thus the aim of this thesis was to investigate the association between polymorphism of the ACE gene ID and the phenotypes of muscular strength and blood pressure of 62 elderly Brazilian (67.35 ? 5.66 years) during a 16-week program of supervised training. The elderly women were stratified by age, with the group 1 (G1, n = 34) <70 years and group 2 (G2 n = 28) ≥ 70 years, and in three groups by ACE, ACE-II (n = 8) ACE- DD (n = 35) and ACE-ID (n = 19). The level of muscle strength was evaluated by the method of maximum repetitions and measures of blood pressure (BP) were measured before and after training (PAPr?1 and PAP?s1) and before and after each training session (PAPre2 and PAP?s2), in place of training. DNA samples were isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes polymorphism and insertion / deletion (ID) of the ACE gene (rs1800795) was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plus PCR-confirmatory. The genotype distribution of the polymorphism ID attended the prerogatives of Hardy-Weit?herg. There was variation in power levels before and after training and the age between groups (t-test) and the ACE polymorphism (ANOVA) (p <0.05). Depending on the results it was concluded that resistance training helps to reduce SBP and increased muscle strength of upper and lower limbs when considering the age and ACE polymorphism. In this study the Elderly carriers of the D allele were more reactive to changes in BP resistance training. This study was multidisciplinary project involving researchers in the areas Medical, Physical Education, Pharmacy, Nutrition, Gerontology and Statistics. This fulfilled the requirements of the multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences
As altera??es fisiol?gicas induzidas pelo processo de envelhecimento s?o din?micas e progressivas, reduzindo a capacidade de adapta??o e autonomia do idoso, podendo ser influenciada por fatores gen?ticos e ambientais. Assim o objetivo desta tese foi verificar a associa??o entre o polimorfismo ID do gene da ECA e os fen?tipos de for?a muscular e press?o arterial sist?mica de 62 idosas brasileiras (67,35?5,66 anos) durante um programa de 16 semanas de treinamento supervisionado. As idosas foram estratificadas pela idade, sendo o grupo1 (G1, n=34 )<70 anos e grupo 2 (G2 n=28)≥ 70 anos, e em tr?s grupos pela ECA, ECA-II (n=8) ECA-DD (n=35) e ECA-ID (n=19). O n?vel de for?a muscular foi avaliado pelo m?todo de repeti??es m?ximas e as medidas da press?o arterial (PA) foram aferidas antes e ap?s o treinamento (PAPr?1 e PAP?s1) e antes e ap?s cada sess?o de treino (PAPre2 e PAP?s2), no local de treinamento. Amostras de DNA foram isoladas a partir de leuc?citos de sangue perif?rico e o polimorfismo de inser??o/dele??o (ID) do gene ECA (rs1800795) foi genotipado pela rea??o em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) acrescida de PCR-confirmat?ria. A distribui??o genot?pica do polimorfismo ID atendeu as prerrogativas do equil?brio de Hardy-Weit?herg. Houve varia??o nos n?veis de for?a pr? e p?s-treinamento e entre os grupos pela idade (teste t) e pelo polimorfismo da ECA (ANOVA) com (p<0,05). Em fun??o dos resultados concluiu-se que o treinamento contra resist?ncia contribui para redu??o da PAS e aumento da for?a muscular de membros superiores e inferiores quando consideradas a idade e o polimorfismo da ECA. Neste estudo as Idosas portadoras do alelo D foram mais reativas as varia??es da PA ao treinamento resistido. A realiza??o deste estudo teve car?ter multidisciplinar, envolvendo pesquisadores das ?reas Medicina, Educa??o F?sica, Farm?cia, Nutri??o, Gerontologia e Estat?stica. Este aspecto preencheu os requisitos da multidisciplinaridade do Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias da Sa?de

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bodybuilding'

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