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1
Gladiy, M. V., Yu F. Melnik, V. G. Kebko, Yu P. Polupan, and I. I. Murzha. "MODERN TECHNOLOGIES OF PROCESSING OF POULTRY WASTES AND PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PROTEIN FEED ADDITIVES: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Animal Breeding and Genetics 51 (March 28, 2018): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.51.41.
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The article highlights different technologies of aviculture wastes recycling, first of all feather raw materials, for fodder purposes, in particular hydrothermal method, extrusion method, thermochemical method, and method of high temperature and high pressure. Hydrothermal method of recycling of meat and bone wastes in the horizontal vacuum boilers has quite satisfactory results, but ineffective in the processing of feather raw materials. More effective methods of raw feathers processing are ones with the use of extrusion process and thermochemical machining, but due to the complexity of processes, large amount of outlay and unsatisfactory sanitary and environmental conditions these technologies are not widely used in manufacturing. European experience of non-waste production and processing of aviculture wastes deserves deeper studying, particularly recycling of raw feathers, by processing method with high temperature and high pressure at continuous technological process and the possibility of using these technologies in the domestic large-scale production at poultry farms of industrial type.
The purpose of the work was to study domestic and foreign advanced technologies of processing of non-food wastes of poultry products and production of high-protein feed additives and to consider the widespread introduction of the most effective ones in domestic manufacture on an industrial scale.
The main wastes of processing of poultry products are gastrointestinal tract and its content, bone frame in the case of deep processing of carcasses, heads, legs, and other expired products, blood and, above all, feather raw materials, which totally constitute 20% of poultry weight. Recycling of meat and bone wastes from poultry slaughtering is carried out in horizontal vacuum boilers (so called Laps boilers), which are mainly used for animal origin wastes at sanitary-veterinary factories, united in association "Ukrvetsanzavod."
The vacuum horizontal boiler for the production of fodder flour from animal raw materials wastes at the sanitary-veterinary utilization factories is a cylindrical metal frame located on stilts, which has a loading manhole and unloading pipes and on the outside of a cylindrical frame – a shell for heating of the frame with pipes for filing and withdrawal of the heat carrier and shaft, which is mounted along the length of the frame, with a mixer, fixed on the ends by bearings. Hot steam is the heat carrier for temperature processing of raw materials, which is supplied directly from the boiler room into the frame shell.
In order to improve horizontal vacuum boiler for producing fodder flour from animal raw material wastes and to reduce its prime cost the special device was designed for its heating by using electricity. To do this on the outside of boiler (for its heating) there is a bullet made of the refractory material with three electric heaters, covered with a layer of insulation.
In our country animal origin feed production has recently decreased, and the price of imported fodder is extremely high due to the reduction in livestock numbers and their processing. At the same time, Ukraine has gained intensive development of the poultry industry, particularly growing the broiler chickens and processing their meat at the large poultry farms of industrial type. Herewith, the substantial amount of non-food wastes from poultry products processing (gastrointestinal tract, bone frame in the case of deep processing of carcasses, dead poultry, blood, feather raw materials etc.) is not used for fodder purposes in many poultry farms. Furthermore, in order to get rid of wastes from poultry and livestock products processing, and instead of organizing high protein feed additives production from them, the technologies of destruction them by burning are developed, which can’t be considered reasonable solution to this problem. It is not only the reason of significant losses of valuable high-protein raw material for animal origin fodder, but also leads to environmental pollution. Therefore, in the conditions of a shortage of animal origin fodder, the use of non-food poultry products processing wastes is not only a great resource saving value, but simultaneously solves some environmental problems.
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Waris, Muhammad, Jameel Ahmed Baig, Tasneem Gul Kazi, and Hassan Imran Afridi. "Evaluation of Essential Metals and Arsenic in Poultry Feeds and Litters of Different Poultry Farms." Journal of Food Engineering and Technology 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jfet.2019.8.2.81.
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The current study was aim to evaluate the speciation of arsenic (total arsenic “TAs”, arsenite “AsIII” and arsenate “AsV”) and total contents of essential metals in the feeds and litters of branded poultry feed using farms (BPF) and non-branded poultry feed utilizing farms (NBPF) at Hyderabad Sindh, Pakistan. The TAs and essential metals determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (GF and FAAS), respectively. Whereas, the AsIII and AsV separated by solvent extraction followed by GF-AAS. The high levels of sodium, potassium, and zinc were observed in branded poultry feeds whilst calcium and iron contents were higher in non-branded poultry feed. The contents of total arsenic in poultry feed samples of both branded and non-branded poultry feed utilizing farms were within the NRC permissible limits (30.0 mg/kg) except NBPF-1 and NBPF-4. Total As in all poultry litter samples were found under the permitted monthly average dose of As (41.0 mg/kg) for agronomical application expert poultry litter samples of BPF-1, NPBF-2, and NPBF-3. The daily accumulation of total As from feed to boilers were also studied.
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Popov, V. N., O. S. Korneeva, O. Y. Iskusnykh, and A. Y. Iskusnykh. "Innovative ways to process poultry waste." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-194-200.
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This paper provides an overview of methods for processing and recycling chicken droppings. Poultry farms are a source of litter formation in an amount much larger than the main products. The litter contains up to 80% organic matter, many trace elements, all essential amino acids, growth regulators, vitamins, nitrogen and phosphorus. According to the Federal waste catalog, fresh chicken droppings belong to the 3rd hazard class. Fresh dung contains a significant amount of weed seeds, helminth eggs and pathogenic microorganisms. Dung is a source of toxic gases-ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, carbon monoxide. Without recycling, manure becomes a source of environmental pollution. Disposal of chicken droppings is a difficult issue for many farms. Modern trends in the processing and use of poultry manure: 1) direct application to the soil without additional treatment, 2) Processing by passive and active composting, 3) Vermicomposting, 4) Processing with the help of housefly larvae, 5) Dehydration and drying (mechanical, thermal, vacuum), 6) Pyrolysis at t = 450-550 °C, 7) Plasma gasification, 8) thermal depolymerization Technology, 9) Direct combustion in steam and hot water boilers, 10) Microbiological conversion, 11) anaerobic digestion in Methane tanks with the formation of biogas, 12) Dung as a component of compound feed for cattle. The considered technologies of utilization of bird droppings do not fully contribute to the preservation of the environment and production. At the present stage, the industry needs an environmentally friendly and cost-effective biotechnology for processing manure, which makes it possible to turn organic waste into valuable raw materials for obtaining feed, fuels, fertilizers, and substrates for the chemical and microbiological industries. The future of waste management is in nature-like technologies, because in nature, all the necessary processing mechanisms are already in place.
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Щербакова, Н. С. "Визначення безпечності м’яса птиці, хворої на еймеріоз." Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2013.02.30.
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Дається оцінка безпеки м’яса курей, хворих наеймеріоз. Наведено дані щодо визначення токсич-ності м’яса птиці експрес-методом за допомогоюінфузорій Colpoda steinii. Крім того обґрунтову-ється ветеринарно-санітарна оцінка м’яса хвороїна еймеріоз птиці, яка полягає в тому, що м’ясо,отримане від хворої птиці з ознаками виснаження,є токсичним, і його треба направляти на технічнуутилізацію. Якщо м’ясо отримане від хвороїптиці, але тушка не має ознак виснаження, мож-на випускати у реалізацію після інактивації мето-дом проварювання упродовж трьох годин у від-критих котлах.
The estimation of safety of meat chickens suffering from eymerioz. The data to determine the toxicityof poultry rapid method using ciliates Colpoda steinii. Furthermore justified veterinary-sanitaryevaluation of meat patient with eymerioz bird that is the meat derived from poultry patient with signs ofexhaustion, is toxic and should be sent to the technical utilization. If meat obtained from patients poultrycarcass but no signs of exhaustion, can produce the realization after inactivation by boiling thoroughlywithin three hours of outdoor boilers.
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Ogunwale, O. G., O. O. Abegunrin, O. O. Oyewole, B. T. Olatunji, and A. O. Ajanaku. "Rural dwellers involvement in small scale poultry farming in Oluyole Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria." Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences 20, no. 1 (August 4, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjass.v20i1.4.
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Poultry production at all levels appears to be lucrative and profitable but many factors appear to limit the involvement of rural dwellers in this sector. This study was carried out at Oluyole Local Government Area Oyo State to assess the level of involvement of rural dwellers in small scale poultry farming. Some parts of Oluyole local government were purposely selected for this study because of higher concentration of rural dwellers that are involved in poultry production. A total of ninety five respondents were sampled and had a well-structured questionnaire administered to them to determine their socio economics characteristic, their level of involvement, benefit derived and constraint faced in poultry farming. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentage and means, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) at 0.05% level of significance. The results show that majority of the respondents were males (61.1%), married (68.8%) and have tertiary education (59.1%). Majority (50.5%) of the respondents were between the ages of 31-45years. Socio-economic characteristics such as age, region, sex, educational level, household size and income had no significant relationship with the respondent’s level of involvement in small scale poultry farming (P<0.05). Results on level of involvement shows that most (48.8%) of the sampled correspondents were involved in boilers production. The study also shows that the benefit derived in poultry farming remained the same regardless of the level of involvement of the farmers in various poultry activities, with r –value (0.177), p-value (0.089) indicating that the relationship is not significant (P<0.01), it also indicated that the relationship between the constraints facing the respondents and their level of involvement is not significant with r –value (0.154). Also, the major constraints facing the respondents included difficulty in accessing loan and quality feed. Government should therefore make loan facilities at affordable interest rate while all the stake holders should work together to improve farmers’ access to quality feed, vaccine, technical know-how and adequate extension workers.
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Tambur, Zoran, Igor Stojanov, Sonja Konstantinovic, Dara Jovanovic, Desanka Cenic-Milosevic, and Dolores Opacic. "Multi drug resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli to tested antibiotics in strains originating from humans, poultry and swine." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 118 (2010): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1018027t.
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Thermophilic Campylobacter are among the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in humans. Food animals are considered one of the most important sources of Campylobacter causing infections in man. Campylobacter infection is clinically mild and resolves spontaneously. In severe or long-lasting cases, treatment with antibiotics is necessary. Resistance of Campylobacter spp. to drugs used in treatment of infection is a matter of concern. The aim of this paper is to determine presence of multi drug resistant strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from animals and man. Material for testing was obtained by scraping the cecum surface from boilers, pig cecum and colon, and human feces. For isolation Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli microaerophilic conditions, temperature of 42?C and antibiotic supplement were required to inhibit the growth of other intestinal bacteria. In this research, for sensitivity testing of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli three different methods were used: disc diffusion test, E-test, and dilution agar method. A total of 55 strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Out of the total, 24 strains originated from man, 16 from broilers were isolated, and 15 from pigs. Multidrug resistance was determined in cases when the strains were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Applying E-test, we detected that the largest number of Campylobacter jejuni were multi drug resistant to two antibiotics (41.2%), and three antibiotics (11.8%). Applying disc diffusion method it was detected that 5.9% of Campylobacter jejuni from man was resistant to four tested antibiotics. Applying all three methods, it was detected that the largest number of Campylobacter strains was resistant to two antibiotics and three antibiotics. Applying disc diffusion method it was detected that 50% of Campylobacter coli strains from pigs were resistant to three tested antibiotics.
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Sklyar, Aleksey, and Margarita Postnova. "Infrared Heating Systems of Poultry Houses Microclimate." Vestnik Volgogradskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Serija 11. Estestvennye nauki, no. 2 (August 2018): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu11.2018.2.4.
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The urgency of solving the problem of heat losses on heating mains and сentral boiler houses in poultry houses is important, since the efforts of poultry farms are focused on improving the devices and heating systems in the poultry houses themselves. One of the directions of the solution of this problem is the use of exclusive qualities of infrared heating in the variant where its specific advantages of selective heating of a given object are revealed as much as possible, excluding intermediate heat carriers. Thus, the calculation of the relationship of dark infrУared heating systems in addition to traditional microclimatic systems in poultry farms from different regions of the Russian Federation has shown high efficiency in the operation of this design.
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Ologhobo, A. D., H. I. Adegede, and E. N. Maduagiwu. "Occurrence of Nitrate, Nitrite and Volatile Nitrosamines in Certain Feedstuffs and Animal Products." Nutrition and Health 11, no. 2 (July 1996): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609601100203.
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Nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines were analysed in poultry feeds, meat and eggs. The poultry meat was boiled and roasted while the eggs were raw and boiled, and the effects of these processing treatments on the level of these compounds were investigated. Nitrate levels in the meat samples were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by boiling and roasting, with boiling being more effective. Nitrite levels were also reduced significantly by processing (P < 0.05). The feed samples contained levels of nitrate which were significantly different (P < 0.05) from one producer to another. Nitrite levels were generally low in all feed samples. Nitrosamines were not detected in any of the feed samples and in the meat samples except in two samples of boiled meat which contained 0.001 g/kg each.
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Lăzăroiu, Gheorghe, Gabriel Paul Negreanu, Ionel Pîșă, Rodica Manuela Grigoriu, and Dana-Alexandra Ciupăgeanu. "Experimental researches on poultry manure combustion in co-combustion with biomass." E3S Web of Conferences 286 (2021): 02013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128602013.
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Combustion of pure avian waste is strongly affected by its humidity content. According to the results of composition analysis, the initial humidity reaches up to 50%, inhibiting direct combustion initiation and development. Drying of poultry waste is an alternative, but simple relatively long-term storage or thermal pre-processing, complicates the technological process of energy recovery and increases the associated costs. Co-combustion represents a promising solution to enrich the heating value of raw poultry manure. Experiments using biomass (in a mass fraction of up to 30%) led to positive results in terms of efficiency. It is highlighted that the process depends on the quality of the woody biomass used for the mixture, but also on its bulk density, which causes an accelerated diffusion of air and influences the burning speed. This paper presents the experimental investigations on the co-combustion of poultry manure and woody biomass, performed on a 55 kW pilot boiler equipped with a post-combustion grate. The focus of the analysis is on the influence of the biomass bulk density and its heating value on the co-combustion process. The results obtained favor the development of a technology that is easy to apply and has a reduced cost. The technology investigated here is suitable for onsite applications in poultry farms, enabling meeting the energy demand based on co-combustion of resulting poultry waste.
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Tiven, Navly Comilo, Marcus Veerman, and Hartina Pembuain. "EFEK JENIS DAGING UNGGAS YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP KUALITAS ORGANOLEPTIK ABON." Agrinimal Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Tanaman 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/ajitt.2019.7.1.14-19.
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This study aims was to determine the effect of different types of poultry meat on organoleptics quality of abon. As much as 500 grams of breast meat from three types of poultry (Arabian chicken, Manila duck and pigeon) are made into abon. Boiled meat, torn to lenght, mixed evenly with spices then boiled until cooked. Add the coconut milk, cooked on low fire while stirred until the coconut milk dries, then fries using oil over low fire for 10-15 minutes, then drained to remove the oil. The abon is served in 3 different places, then tested organoleptic (color, aroma, texture, taste and preference) by 15 untrained panelists. The data obtained were analyzed by variance for complete randomized design. The results showed that the use of different poultry meat had a significant on color (P<0.01) and texture (P<0.05) of abon. The abon of pigeon meat tend to be brown, compared to abon of Arabic chicken and Manila ducks. The abon of Arabic chicken meat, the texture tends to be smooth, compared to the abon of Manila duck and pigeons. It can be concluded that for color, abon of pigeon meat is better, while for texture, abon of Arabic chicken meat is better.
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Mackenzie, Caroline. "The Chicken Coup." Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 23, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07990537-7703318.
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Poking fun at the traditional American style of hard-boiled crime fiction, this satirical piece follows two misogynistic bounty hunters through the Trinidadian rainforest as they track down the people responsible for humiliating a ruthless mogul of the poultry industry. But the bounty hunters get more than they bargained for when they finally come across the culprits—they discover that now the chickens abused by the poultry mogul are fighting back. Rich with feminist metaphor, this surreal short story emphasizes how even the most seemingly innocuous chicks can overcome the domination and control of old-school chauvinistic thinking.
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Medvedevskikh, M. Y., N. L. Vostrikova, A. S. Sergeeva, and V. V. Studenok. "Application of the lyophilization system for preparation of reference materials for composition of nutrition products." Measurement Standards. Reference Materials 17, no. 1 (May 8, 2021): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20915/2687-0886-2021-17-1-35-45.
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The article presents the application of the lyophilization system for preparation of reference materials (RM) for composition of nutritive products samples. The purpose of the research was the development of lyophilization procedure of RM for composition of poultry meat samples preparation with certified values of mass fraction of moisture, nitrogen (protein) and fat.The poultry meat of two types was used as the primary material for RM for poultry meat composition preparation -1) white meat (chicken breast); 2) red meat (chicken thigh). The procedure included pounding, boiling, freezing and lyophilisation (syn. freeze drying). The researches for homogeneity were implemented with hot air dryer standard system from the State primary standard GET 173-2017. Measurement of nitrogen (protein) mass fraction was performed on State secondary standard GVET176-1-2010. Measurements of fat mass fraction were performed with accordance to State Primary Reference Measurement Procedure.The total time of lyophilization process for samples № 1 and № 2 was 19 and 28 hours, respectively. The total mass loss for sample № 1 was about 63 %, for sample № 2 was about 65 %. The difference in material moisture mass fraction values of materials dried on different trays of freeze dryer was statistically significant, i. e., material was non-homogeneous. To obtain a homogeneous material, an additional homogenization procedure was performed: grinding in a laboratory mill, sieving through a sieve, thorough mixing and conditioning. The certified values of moisture, nitrogen, protein, fat mass fraction for the sample № 1 were accordingly 4,5 %, 14,74 %, 92,1 %, 7,9 %. The same values in the same sequence were 6,3 %, 12,21 %, 76,3 %, 23,8 %.The procedure of lyophilisation was developed for production of reference materials for composition of boiled and freeze-dried poultry meat. The usage of this lyophilisation system allowed to ensure a RM expiration date of six months at ambient temperature of (7±3) °C and relative humidity no more than 60 %. The Reference Materials for composition of boiled and freeze-dried poultry meat was added into Register of certified RMs under № GSO 11276-2019 by the results.
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B. F. Thien, B. D. Lawrence, J. M. Sweeten, and K. Annamalai. "Co-Firing Coal: Poultry Litter Biomass Blends in a Laboratory-Scale Boiler-Burner." Transactions of the ASABE 55, no. 2 (2012): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41377.
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Baimishev, Rinat H., Lidia A. Korosteleva, Tatyana N. Romanova, Irina V. Suhova, and Elena V. Dolgosheva. "Use of native milk whey in the production of smoked-boiled chicken ham." BIO Web of Conferences 17 (2020): 00049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201700049.
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The purpose of this research is to determine the possibility of the use of native milk whey in the production of smoked-boiled ham from poultry meat. During the research, the process of modeling the production of smoked-boiled ham with the use of native milk whey was simulated. As a result of the studies, it was found that in the development of meat products, the whey had a positive effect on organoleptic, physico-chemical parameters, as well as the yield of finished products, which ultimately determines the feasibility and economic efficiency of the use of whey in the recipe of processed products.
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Udo, M. D., G. D. Eyoh, C. P. Jimmy, and U. E. Ekpo. "Nutrient Composition, Mineral and Anti-Nutrient Components of Processed Wild Cocoyam (Caladium Bicolor, (Ait) Vent)." Current Agriculture Research Journal 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.8.2.09.
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In the subtropic and perhaps worldwide a novel plant Caladium bicolor (wild cocoyam, Ikpong Ekpo) has not actually been utilized as food for man, livestock or poultry, though in abundance. Also, the effective utilization of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor) tubers in livestock and poultry feed is limited by the presence of anti-nutrient components which requires some form of processing. The effect of boiling and soaking on gross energy, mineral composition, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) and proximate composition of wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait), Vent) were determined with the aim of investigating its suitability as a feed ingredient. The soaked, raw and boiled tubers were dried, milled and analyzed for chemical compositions. Crude protein contents of raw and processed Caladium bicolor tubers range were 7.58% - 8.28% and the crude fibre values ranged between1.92 - 2.12%. The gross energy value of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was higher (2.85kcal/g) and also statistically similar (p>0.05) to both raw and soaked Caladium bicolor tubers. The micro and macro mineral composition of boiled Caladium bicolor tubers was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared to soaking method. Values obtained for boiled Caladium bicolor tubers were significantly (p<0.05) lower in all the toxic substances determined, except for the HCN content being above the tolerable limit for ruminant animals. The results indicate that processing techniques adopted enhanced the proximate composition, caloric components, mineral contents and significantly (p>0.05) lowered in the level of anti-nutrients present in wild cocoyam (Caladium bicolor (Ait). Vent) tubers with boiling being the best and hence the recommended processing method for use in detoxifying C. bicolor.
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Ramlan, Muhammad, and Aqli Mursadin. "ANALISIS HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH OVERHAUL PADA ECONOMIZER BOILER DI PT. JAPFA COMFEED BANJARMASIN." JTAM ROTARY 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v1i1.1395.
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In some heat exchanger tools are widely used in industries such as power plants, oil refineries, chemical plants and petrochemicals, natural gas industry, refrigeration, and so forth. One example of a heat exchanger found in the poultry feed industry in PT.Japfa Comfeed Branch of Banjarmasin is the economizer, where the hot vapor of combustion in the furnace is used as a feed water heater before entering the boiler. From the results of the study known in the economize coefficient of the highest heat transfer before the overhaul of 1.393.1 Btu / jam.ft2.oF at 92.5 oC, and the lowest heat transfer coefficient before the overhaul of 1,334.8 Btu / jam.ft2. oF at 101 ° C. after the overhaul, it is known that the highest economizer heat transfer coefficient is 1,419.7 Btu / hour.ft2.oF at 99oC, and the lowest heat transfer coefficient after the overhaul is 1,378.6 Btu / hr.ft2.oF at 104.5 oC. The increase in heat transfer coefficient value after overhaul is 6.4% of the heat transfer coefficient before overhaul. Keywords: Economizer, Boiler, Heat Transfer Coefficient
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Santos, Francielly Torres, Luiz Antonio de Mendonça Costa, and Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa. "Sensory analysis and postharvest of potted gerbera based on fertilization." Ornamental Horticulture 23, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v23i1.927.
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The cultivation of gerberas as cut flowers has been broadly studied. With the purpose of assess the production and visual quality of potted gerberas conducted with different fertilizations, the experiment was performed in a greenhouse located at UNIOESTE – Campus of Cascavel – Parana - Brazil. The experimental design was done in randomized blocks with four repetitions and five treatments. The treatments were defined based on the fertilization source: mineral (NPK) or organic. The organic fertilizations were obtained with the dilution of four organic composts derived from the composting process of agro-industrial wastes in water. The agro-industrial waste, used in different percentages in each treatment, were: grains pre-cleaning residues (corn meal and wheat husk); hatchery waste; flotation sludge; cellulose casing (sausage covering); solid fraction of pig slurry (Piglet Producer Unit) and truck washing; coal and ash remaining from boiler; poultry litter and sugarcane bagasse. The growth parameters were evaluated at the commercialization phase (plant height and diameter, stem height, capitulum number, and capitulum and stem diameter) and sensory analysis through trait and preference assessment tests. The use of liquid organic fertilizers are a feasible alternative to substitute conventional mineral fertilization. Farmers should observe EC values and K, Ca, Mg ratio for better quality assurance according to the results obtained in T5 . The T5 (Boiler remaining ash + Hatchery residue) has a larger amount of boiler remaining ash, whereas the chemical elements in mineral form are already readily available to the plants, this fact may have contributed to better visual development of plants grown in this treatment.
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ERUVBETINE, D., and P. K. ADEJOBI. "PREPARATION OF CASS-SOYA CONCENTRATE FOR INCLUSION IN POULTRY DIETS (IN-VITRO STUDIES)." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 27 (January 3, 2021): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v27i.1877.
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ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to determine the best means of processing cassava and soybeans together in a suitable proportion to produce a concentrate of good physical and nutritive quality for feeding to poultry. Samples of cassava and soybeans were subjected to six different processing techniques and mixed together in different proportions viz. 80:20, 60:40 or 50:50. The processing techniques were as follows; toasted soybeans and dried cassava chips were mixed together and ground in sample A while toasted soybeans and cassava were ground separately before mixing in sample B. Samples C and D included raw cassava and soybeans mashed together before being sun-dried or oven dried respectively. For samples E and F raw cassava and soybeans were boiled together before being sun-dried or oven-dried respectively. Results showed that when cassava and soybeans were boiled together and dried, the product was of good physical texture as indicated by its flaky texture. Nutritive quality was also high in terms of protein and energy contents. For these samples, sun drying was preferred to oven-drying due to the ease of the method of drying as well as the cheaper cost involved in drying. Proportions of either 50:50 or 60:40 are preferred to take advantage of both energy and protein contents of the final product.Reasonable prices have stimulated poultry production. In Nigeria, however, the major crops for livestock feeding being corn, soybeans and groundnut are widely used for human consumption... Hence there is increasing.
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Chinivasagam, H. N., T. Tran, L. Maddock, A. Gale, and P. J. Blackall. "Mechanically Ventilated Broiler Sheds: a Possible Source of Aerosolized Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 23 (October 2, 2009): 7417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01380-09.
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ABSTRACT This study assessed the levels of two key pathogens, Salmonella and Campylobacter, along with the indicator organism Escherichia coli in aerosols within and outside poultry sheds. The study ranged over a 3-year period on four poultry farms and consisted of six trials across the boiler production cycle of around 55 days. Weekly testing of litter and aerosols was carried out through the cycle. A key point that emerged is that the levels of airborne bacteria are linked to the levels of these bacteria in litter. This hypothesis was demonstrated by E. coli. The typical levels of E. coli in litter were ∼108 CFU g−1 and, as a consequence, were in the range of 102 to 104 CFU m−3 in aerosols, both inside and outside the shed. The external levels were always lower than the internal levels. Salmonella was only present intermittently in litter and at lower levels (103 to 105 most probable number [MPN] g−1) and consequently present only intermittently and at low levels in air inside (range of 0.65 to 4.4 MPN m−3) and once outside (2.3 MPN m−3). The Salmonella serovars isolated in litter were generally also isolated from aerosols and dust, with the Salmonella serovars Chester and Sofia being the dominant serovars across these interfaces. Campylobacter was detected late in the production cycle, in litter at levels of around 107 MPN g−1. Campylobacter was detected only once inside the shed and then at low levels of 2.2 MPN m−3. Thus, the public health risk from these organisms in poultry environments via the aerosol pathway is minimal.
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Sudershan, Rao V., R. Naveen Kumar, L. Kashinath, V. Bhaskar, and K. Polasa. "Microbiological Hazard Identification and Exposure Assessment of Poultry Products Sold in Various Localities of Hyderabad, India." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/736040.
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A study was carried out to identify microbiological hazards and assess their exposure associated with consumption of poultry based street food served in different localities of Hyderabad. The study indicated that chicken 65, chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, chicken Manchuria and chilly chicken are the most common recipes. A process flow diagram was developed to identify critical control points in the food item. After analysis of the samples at each level of preparation, it was observed that rice and noodles were kept at room temperature for about 5-6 hrs which was a critical control point. A total of 376 samples including chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, boiled noodles and boiled rice were collected from circle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of Greater Hyderabad municipal corporation (GHMC) and analyzed for microbiological examination. The most prevalent pathogenic bacteria isolated wereS. aureus(3.4 log 10 cfu/g) andB. cereus(3.4 log 10 cfu/g).Salmonellaspp. was present in salads (3.2 log 10 cfu/g) and hand washings of the food handler (3.5 log 10 cfu/g).Salmonellacontamination was found in salads served along with chicken fried rice and chicken noodles than in the food.
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Walingo, Mary K., and Florence O. Habwe. "Using Food Grade Lye “omushelekha” in the Formulation of Health Products from Commonly Consumed African Indigenous Vegetables and Vegetable Combinations." Functional Foods in Health and Disease 1, no. 5 (May 24, 2011): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v1i5.131.
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Background: Lye, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide has been used over the years in food preparation including the preparation of vegetables and dried meat products, washing or chemical peeling of fruits and vegetables, cocoa processing, caramel production, poultry scalding and cooking among others. Lye is believed to improve the organoleptic properties and also enhances the nutritional value to the products. Objective: To assess the effect of food grade lye on the levels of copper and iron in the raw, boiled and boiled-fried single vegetables and vegetable combinations treated with and without food grade lye.Methods: Single vegetables, Crotalaria occroleuca, Solanum scabrum, Vigna unguiculata and Amaranthus blitum and their combinations were cooled and kept in the fridge at 4oCs. Elemental analysis was done for the raw, boiled and boiled-fried samples using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) under standard conditions using wavelengths of 248.3nm for iron and 324.2nm for copper. Paired t-test was used to compare the iron and copper levels of the boiled and boiled-fried vegetables while the independent t-test was done to assess the levels of iron and copper in the raw, boiled and boiled fried samples. Results: Boiled-fried samples recorded higher content of iron and copper than the boiled ones. A combination of Amaranthus blitum-Crotolaria occloreuca boiled without lye boiled-fried with lye, and boiled-fried without lye had the highest copper contents of 1.66mg/100gram, 4.56mg/100gram, and 4.56mg/100gram respectively, compared to Amaranthus blitum alone (3.48mg/100gram) and Crotolaria occloreuca (0.42mg/100gram). A combination of Amaranthus blitum-Crotolaria occloreuca boiled in non-lye water, and those boiled-fried with and without lye had the highest extractable iron of 557mg/100g, 859.2mg/100g, and 859.2mg/100g respectively. Iron content was high in the Solanum scabrum (281.1mg/100g), and Crotolaria occloreuca (110/100g), Amaranthus blitum (108mg/100g) boiled-fried with lye. It was possible that iron was leached from the cooking utensils and absorbed by the vegetables.Conclusion: The results of this study clearly demonstrated that vegetable combinations of Amaranthus blitum-Crotolaria occloreuca had a higher content of copper. Vegetable combinations exposed to different treatments had higher levels of iron and copper. This could be attributed different nutrient-nutrient interactions between different vegetables combinations. Key Words: Food grade lye, Crotalaria occroleuca, Solanum scabrum, Vigna unguiculata, Amaranthus blitum, iron, copper.
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Zinina, O. V., M. A. Pozdnyakova, M. B. Rebezov, A. S. Knyazeva, and K. A. Lyubimova. "Research of boiled hams from poultry meat and by-product processed with bacterial concentrate." Vsyo o myase, no. 5S (November 30, 2020): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2071-2499-2020-5s-126-129.
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Alam, MA, MS Ali, NG Das, and MM Rahman. "Present status of rearing backyard poultry in selected areas of Mymensingh district." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 43, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19382.
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This study was conducted in Boyra and Sutiakhali villages under Sadar upazila of Mymensingh district to know the present status of backyard poultry production system. The survey data were collected from 40 randomly selected farmers having 20 from each village by interviewing them. The data were then analyzed statistically. All the selected farmers reared deshi chicken and about 54% of them reared deshi duck only. It was also found that highest proportion (75%) of farmers reared both chicken and duck together, followed by 17.5% reared only chicken and 7.5% reared chicken, duck and pigeon at a time. The average population per household of chicken, duck and pigeon were 10.4, 9.95 and 4.0, respectively, in both villages. All farmers reared poultry in semi-scavenging system. About 55% farmers kept poultry in their dwelling house. Farmers were used boiled rice, rice polish, paddy and broken rice to fed the birds. About 62% farmers were used rice and rice polish to make diet for chicken and ducks. Farmers provided around 49g and 108g supplemental diet to each chicken and duck per day, respectively and about 65% farmers provided this diet twice a day. Majority of farmers did not use feeder and waterer (about 75% and 87.5% respectively). Age at sexual maturity of Chicken and duck were around 189 days and 195 days, respectively. Adult weight of chicken and duck were 1192.5g and 1690g, respectively. The weights of chicken and duck eggs were 39.02 and 62.5g, respectively. The hatchability of chicken and duck eggs ranged between 69-80% and 76-90% with an average of 75.97 and 83%, respectively. Majority of the farmers mentioned that the most prevalent diseases of chicken and duck were New castle and cholera (about 51% and 49%, respectively). A large number of farmers (86%) did not vaccinate their poultry. Mortality of chicken and duck were calculated about 28% and 20%, respectively. Farmers collected chicks and ducklings from market and neighbor but most of the farmers (50% for chicks and 43% for ducks) incubate eggs under the broody hen. It was concluded that backyard poultry farmers are low producers and chicken and duck were found to be the most common poultry species reared by the farmers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v43i1.19382 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2014. 43 (1): 30-37
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Ijoyah and M O. "Effects of different levels of decomposed poultry manure on yield of muskmelon at Anse Boileau, Seychelles." African Journal of Biotechnology 6, no. 16 (August 31, 2007): 1882–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2007.000-2280.
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Hata, Fernando, Maria de Paula, Amanda Moreira, Mauricio Ursi Ventura, Romário Fortunato de Lima, Gustavo de Freitas Fregonezi, and André Martinez. "Organic fertilizations and fertigation with chicken boiled manure for organic crop." Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia 38, no. 2 (March 13, 2021): 342–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v38.n2.07.
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In order to achieve high profit in agricultural crops, it is necessary that fertilization of the soil is carried out properly, avoiding over fertilization, which contributes to the sustainable management of the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization with bokashi, penergetic and boiled chicken manure doses on the production and nutrient content of berries, leaf chlorophyll index and soil microbial biomass in strawberry cultivation. The experiment was conducted in protected cultivation, evaluating productive variables (individual weight of berries and total production per plant), nutrients of the berry (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), soil (carbon of microbial biomass) and chlorophyll index in sheets. The treatments were strawberry without fertilization (control), penergetic (1.5 g.L-1), bokashi (50 g per plant) and doses of boiled manure via fertigation (2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10%, diluted in water) in a completely randomized design with five replications. Strawberry plants fertilized with bokashi showed significantly higher means of berry biomass, total berry production per plant, leaf chlorophyll and carbon values of soil microbial biomass. Doses of 7.5 and 10% of boiled poultry manure provided berries production similar to bokashi and both were superior to the control. Higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were found with bokashi treatment and treatments with EF 7.5 and 10% obtained higher averages for phosphorus content in berries, only.
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Bozhko, Nataliia, Vasyl Tyshchenko, Vasyl Pasichnyi, and Ruslan Revenko. "PROTEINS CONTAININIG RAW OF REGIONAL PRODUCTION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF MEAT CONTAINING BOILED SMOKED SAUSAGES." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 2(16) (2019): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-2(16)-145-153.
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Urgency of the research. The deficiency of the most important human body biologically active substances in modern food products encourages the population to consume significant food in order to ensure a deficiency of amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins. Target setting. It is possible to solve this problem by combining different types of raw materials, that is, to create multicomponent food products. Analysis of recent research and publications. Creation of innovative multicomponent products are based on freshwater fish of regional production, mechanically deboned poultry meat and certain types of by-products allows to reduce significantly the cost of sausage and culinary products while improving the quality and nutritional values. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The literary sources analysis indicates the lack of research and development of new innovative recipes and technologies of meatcontaining boiled-smoked sausages with various types of regional aquaculture. The research objective. Investigation of the possibility of using regional aquaculture in the formulation of meatcontaining boiled smoked sausage, analysis of the nutritional value of the developed meat-based boiled-smoked sausage, the study of functional-technological, organoleptic and microbiological indicators of the developed meatcontaining boiled smoked sausage. The statement of basic materials. The formulation and technology of meatcontaining boiled smoked sausage, which includes raw materials of regional origin, namely meat of freshwater regional aquaculture, vegetable proteins as soy isolates and protein of hemp seeds, have been developed. The proposed products have high functional and technological properties of meat systems, indicators of quality and safety of finished products and high protein content with simultaneous decrease of energy value. Conclusions. According to results of investigations, the possibility of increasing the functional and technological properties of the model minced meatcontaining boiled-smoked sausages has been confirmed: moisture content up to 77.20 %, high school - up to 69.66 %, emulsifying capacity - up to 94.32 %, emulsion stability -61, 10 %. The sausages developed are microbiological safe. The high nutritional value on the content of the main nutrients has been confirmed. It is confirmed the possibility of combining meat of freshwater fish with traditional types of meat and vegetable raw materials for increasing the nutritional value and economic efficiency of production of meatcontaining boiled-smoked sausages.
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Houf, Kurt, Lieven De Zutter, Jan Van Hoof, and Peter Vandamme. "Assessment of the Genetic Diversity among Arcobacters Isolated from Poultry Products by Using Two PCR-Based Typing Methods." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 5 (May 2002): 2172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2172-2178.2002.
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ABSTRACT In this study, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR (RAPD-PCR) were optimized for characterization of Arcobacter butzleri, Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and Arcobacter skirrowii. In addition, a simple and rapid DNA extraction method was tested for use in both typing procedures. Both methods had satisfactory typeability and discriminatory power, but the fingerprints generated with ERIC-PCR were more reproducible and complex than those obtained with RAPD-PCR. The use of nondiluted boiled cell suspensions as DNA templates was found to be very useful in ERIC-PCR. Characterization of large numbers of Arcobacter isolates is therefore preferably performed by the ERIC-PCR procedure. Isolates for which almost identical ERIC fingerprints are generated may subsequently be characterized by RAPD-PCR, although adjustment and standardization of the amount of the DNA template are necessary. In the second part of this study, the genotypic diversity of arcobacters present on broiler carcasses was assessed by using both typing methods. A total of 228 cultures from 24 samples were examined after direct isolation and enrichment. The isolates were identified by using a multiplex PCR as A. butzleri (n = 182) and A. cryaerophilus (n = 46). A total of 131 types (91 A. butzleri types and 40 A. cryaerophilus types) were discerned without discordance between the two typing techniques. The analysis of the poultry isolates showed that poultry products may harbor not only more than one species but also multiple genotypes. All genotypes were confined to one poultry sample, and only three genotypes were found after simultaneous enrichment and direct isolation. These results demonstrate that different outcomes can be obtained in epidemiological studies depending on the isolation procedure used and the number of isolates characterized.
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Ramesh, Vairapraveena, Sangeetha Ashokan, Anu Sengottaiyan, and Vijay Anto James. "Profile of Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Analysis of Contributory Factors among Inpatients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Madurai, South India." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 7, no. 46 (November 16, 2020): 2674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2020/550.
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BACKGROUND It is well known that Vitamin B12 deficiency is common among vegetarians as Vitamin B12 is obtained predominantly from animal sources. However, recent reports show that Vitamin B12 deficiency is becoming more common among nonvegetarians too and surprisingly the major factor attributing to this is found to be due to dietary deficiency. We hypothesized that this could also be due to the type of non-vegetarian food consumed, cooking methods, type of utensil used, and other modifiable risk factors like smoking, alcohol and diseases causing Vitamin B12 deficiency. We wanted to assess the proportion of vegetarians and nonvegetarians with vit. B12 deficiency and analyse the contributing factors among inpatients with vitamin B12 deficiency in a tertiary care hospital in South India. METHODS This observational, prospective study was done between June and September 2019 & involved 200 Vitamin B12 deficiency patients in the age group of 20 - 50 years of both the genders. Patients were identified after reviewing their medical records and laboratory tests for MCV, MCH, MCHC, Hb & vitamin B12. A detailed history of their food habits, practices & other relevant factors was obtained using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS There was no statistical difference (p = 0.379) in the vitamin B12 levels among vegetarians and non-vegetarians. 54.6 % of participants consumed poultry, 32.5 % consumed fruits & vegetables less than 4 times a week, 36 % & 42 % consumed fried & boiled food, 58 % used ever-silver vessels for cooking, 70.6 % used packaged milk, 23 % consumed alcohol & 21 % were smokers. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin B12 deficiency is common both among vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Among non-vegetarians, deficiency is seen more with poultry eaters, packaged milk consumers, with fried / boiled method of cooking using ever-silver vessels. Alcoholism, caffeinated beverages, smoking, presence of other diseases like diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcer, drug intake also contributes to Vitamin B12 deficiency. KEYWORDS Vitamin B12 Deficiency, Non-Vegetarians, Vegetarians, Contributing Factors
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Haque, AKM Ziaul, SM Lutful Kabir, Ayesha Siddiqua, and AZM Iftikhar Hussain. "Prevalence of Salmonella in dressed and cooked broiler meat of different grocery shops, hotels and restaurants in Gazipur and Dhaka city of Bangladesh." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 2, no. 2 (November 29, 2018): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v2i2.55907.
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The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of Salmonella in dressed and cooked broiler meat in different shops and restaurants in Gazipur and Dhaka city including the sanitary quality. A total of 80 samples of dressed boiler, 88 cooked samples from road side fast food shops and small hotels, and 104 cooked samples from recognized fast food shops and restaurants were subjected to bacteriological isolation and identification. Highest number of Salmonella spp. were 42.5% in road side shops and 16.25% found in super market for dressed meat. Thigh muscle was more prevalent to breast muscle in both market types for dressed muscle. A total of 31 thigh muscles were positive for road side shop and 23 for super market where 26 and 19 breast muscle were positive for road side shop and super market respectively. Among the cooked meat or fried chicken incidence of Salmonella spp. were 23.86% in road side shops and 11.54% found in recognized shops. In case of both market source thigh muscle was highly prevalent in comparison to breast muscle. For cooked meat, a total of 19 thigh muscles were positive for road side fast food shops and small hotels, and 12 for recognized fast food shops and restaurants where 15 and 8 breast muscle were positive for road side fast food shops and recognized fast food shops respectively. Our results highlighted the need of implementing strict hygiene and sanitation standards to reduce the incidence of Salmonella. The prevalence of Salmonella in poultry products can be reduced effectively by identifying and eliminating the sources and contamination sites during slaughter and processing of poultry.
Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 40-44
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E, K. Ndyomugyenyi, W. Okot M, and Mutetikka D. "Evaluation of the nutritional value of soaked-boiled-fermented Java plum (Syzygium cumini) seed meal for poultry." African Journal of Agricultural Research 11, no. 26 (June 30, 2016): 2348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajar2015.10595.
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Pasichnyi, Vasyl, Oleksandr Shevchenko, Oleg Khrapachov, Andriy Marynin, Irina Radzievskaya, Yuliiа Matsuk, Alina Geredchuk, and Mikhail Kuligin. "PROGNOSTICATION OF STORAGE TERMS FOR PASTEURIZED SAUSAGES WITH ACTIVE PACKAGE ELEMENTS." EUREKA: Life Sciences 4 (July 31, 2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2020.001376.
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The work is devoted to optimization modeling of an influence of pasteurization with oxygen absorbers on spoilage processes of lipids of boiled sausage products. According to the results, the influence on changes of peroxide and acid numbers of lipids of small sausages, pasteurized at presence of an oxygen absorber, has been mathematically prognosticated. At mathematical modeling, mathematic packages MathCad and «Data analysis» (ЕТ) MSExcel were used. The experiment was planned according to the plan of full factorial experiment. The dependence as to the influence of the recipe composition of sausage products at their storage on peroxide and acid number values has been revealed. The conducted modeling allows to state the adequacy of obtained regressive equations. The obtained empirical dependencies allow to prognosticate a storage term of boiled sausages products, pasteurized with elements of active package at using protecting barrier multi-layer polymeric materials. The optimization modeling was conducted by structuring a mathematical model as an analytic expression that reflects the connection of factor signs with a parametric index. The obtained response functions are adequate and have a high correspondence to real experimental data. Storage terms were substantiated for small sausages, which recipe included beef, pork, poultry meat and also food emulsions, based on animal proteins. The process of repeated pasteurization was conducted at temperature 85–90 °С during 15–20 minutes
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Subbotina, Yu M., M. V. Khromilin, and V. I. Belousov. "VETERINARY AND SANITARY CHARACTERISTICS AND COURSE OF DISEASE OF REARED FISH IN A FISH FARM QUARANTINED FOR AEROMONOSIS AND INFLAMMATION OF THE SWIM BLADDER." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 2 (2021): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202102020.
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The article reviews the diseases of cyprinid fish in the farm quarantined for aeromonosis and inflammation of the swim bladder. The etiology and symptoms of the disease are considered, and the pathoanatomical changes in fish. Modern methods of control and treatment of each age category of reared objects are considered. Preventive therapeutic feeding of farmed fish, vaccination, summer drying of ponds are offered. A veterinary and sanitary assessment of the farmed fish is given. Sick fish, if it has not lost its marketable appearance and meets the nutritional qualities, are allowed to eat people without restrictions. Non-market fish is sent to feed farm animals, poultry, fur-bearing animals in a boiled form or processed into fish flour. It is recommended to pay more attention to ecological methods of combating fish diseases – the use of polyculture for the effective production of marketable products (marketable fish); to increase the non-specific resistance of fish with probiotics; to use immunological methods, such as vaccination.
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Afifah, Hanim Nur, Hari Santoso, and Ahmad Syauqi. "Penambahan Konsentrasi Antibiotik Monensin dan Efeknya Terhadap Performa Ayam Broiler (Gallus gallus domestica)." BIOSAINTROPIS (BIOSCIENCE-TROPIC) 6, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33474/e-jbst.v6i2.337.
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Broiler chicken is one of the poultry farms whose growth is fast, can meet the needs of meat in the community. To accelerate chicken growth, addition of Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) was added to the beverage. This study aims to analyze the effect of monensin antibiotic administration on weight gain. The research method uses a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), consisting of 4 treatments and 6 replications. P0 Treatment (Control): Basal ration + Water boiled in 1 liter; P1: Basal ration + Boiled water + 0.1 gr / day Antibiotic Monensin in 1 liter of water; P2: Basal ration + Boiled water + 0.5 gr / day Antibiotic Monensin in 1 liter of water; P3: Basal ration + Boiled water + 1 gram / day Antibiotic Monensin in 1 liter of water. Data analysis used ANOVA one way variance and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) with a confidence level of 5%. The results of the study by giving various concentrations of monensin antibiotics to broilers had significantly affected ration conversion, drinking water consumption and final weight. The administration of 1 gram monensin antibiotic concentration tends to be better for ration consumption, body weight gain, drinking water consumption and final weight of broiler chickens compared to lower concentrations or controls.
Keywords: Broiler Chicken, Monensin, Performance
ABSTRAK
Ayam broiler merupakan salah satu usaha ternak unggas yang pertumbuhannya cepat, dapat memenuhi kebutuhan daging dimasyarakat. Untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan ayam dilakukan penambahan Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) pada minuman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh pemberian antibiotik monensin terhadap penambahan berat badan ayam. Metoda penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan P0 (Kontrol): Ransum Basal + Air yang direbus dalam 1 liter; P1 : Ransum Basal + Air yang direbus + 0,1 gr/hari Antibiotik Monensin dalam 1 liter air; P2 : Ransum Basal + Air yang direbus + 0,5 gr/hari Antibiotik Monensin dalam 1 liter air; P3 : Ransum Basal + Air yang direbus + 1 gr/hari Antibiotik Monensin dalam 1 liter air. Analisa data menggunakan sidik ragam ANOVA one way dan dilanjutkan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) dengan taraf kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian dengan pemberian berbagai konsentrasi antibiotik monensin terhadap ayam broiler berpengaruh nyata terhadap konversi ransum, konsumsi air minum dan bobot akhir. Pemberian konsentrasi antibiotik monensin 1 gr cenderung lebih baik untuk konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi air minum dan bobot akhir ayam broiler dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi yang lebih rendah maupun kontrol.
Kata kunci: Ayam Broiler, Monensin, Performa
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Idahor, K. O. "Organoleptic properties and shelf-lives of differently dried fowl eggs." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 38, no. 1 (July 28, 2021): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i1.14.
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Poultry eggs are perishable, hence could lose their quality rapidly between storage and consumption. Maintaining fresh quality is a major problem which is aggravated by temperature, humidity, storage method and time. Several methods of altering these environmental conditions to prolong the shelf-life of the eggs have been reported, yet little is known about kiln, solar and oven methods of drying boiled fowl eggs. This study was targeted at creating awareness, evaluating the organoleptic properties and determining the shelf-life of kiln-, solar- and oven-dried fowl eggs, stored under different environmental conditions. A total of 160 Isa brown freshly laid eggs were obtained and weighed, and were divided into four different groups of 40 eggs each, designated as control, kiln-, solar- and oven-dried. The eggs were boiled for 30 minutes and dried at 100 – 120oC overnight (kiln dried), 45 – 50oC for 5 days (solar dried) and 100oC for 24 hours (oven dried), but those in the control group were not dried. Panelists were used in obtaining information on awareness of fowl eggs drying/drying methods and organoleptic evaluation. Twenty-seven eggs each from the control, kiln-, solar- and oven-dried groups were kept in locally fabricated egg packs and stored for 30 days in a sales outlet, deep freezer and kitchen for shelf-life determination. Results showed that egg weight loss was highest (52.3%) in the kiln-dried, followed by oven-dried (38.9%), solar-dried (27.4%) and control (20.6%) groups. All the panelists (100%) were aware of the different forms of storing boiled fowl eggs and have eaten fowl eggs in different forms, but none (0.0%) was aware of kiln, solar and oven method of drying fowl eggs, or has eaten kiln-, solar- and oven-dried fowl eggs before then. Some of the panelists liked the appearance, taste, aroma, mouth feel, after-taste and overall acceptability of the dried eggs. All (100%) of the eggs in the sales outlet spoilt, but none (0.0%) among the dried eggs stored in the deep freezer was spoilt. In the kitchen, all the control eggs (100%), 22.2% (kiln dried), 88.9% (solar dried) and 66.7% (oven dried) spoilt. Kiln- and oven-dried eggs had more water loss, apparently implying better effectiveness of the drying methods. Therefore, fowl eggs could be boiled, dried and refrigerated to elongate their shelf-lives.
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Elenwo, Ebere Julein Okafor, Osarunmwense Precious Otote, and Osazee Ekundayo Izevbuwa. "The Food Diversity and Choices of Archachatina Marginata raised in Concrete Trench Pens." Journal of Bioresource Management 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35691/jbm.1202.0162.
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Archachatina marginata is an economically useful gastropod, scientifically proven to be of huge benefit to human’s health and wellbeing. Food varieties of A. marginata hunted from the immediate environment of Ovia North East, South-South, Nigeria, were investigated to select the most appropriate, in terms of preferences and availability. The study was conducted for five months (May to August, 2020) during the rainy season. Ten snails were selected from the wild with weights ranging from 340.21g to 355.32g and heights of 11.8cm to 13.3cm at the point of collection. The snails were housed each, in an escape-proof trench pen, covered with wire gauze and nylon net. They were fed with fourteen different types of food materials (water leaves, paw-paw leaves, sweet potato, white -boiled rice, corn powder, ripe paw-paw fruit, cocoyam leaves, millet powder, water melon, cucumber, formulated poultry mash, pineapple, white paper and cabbage). Water melon was very well consumed by all the snails (1323.30g; 66.17%) compared to other food items. The least consumed food items were millet powder (19.99%) and pineapple (20.28%). There was a marked increase in weight and length of the snails as the months progressed, with average length of 15.01 cm and average weight of 501.58g in August, relative to the initial measurements in May.
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Gunawan, Aam. "Kualitas Organoleptik Telur Itik yang Diberi Pakan Maggot Hidup (Hermetia illucens)." AL ULUM JURNAL SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 5, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31602/ajst.v5i1.2418.
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Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is a protein source of feed which is highly favored by poultry, especially ducks and chickens. However, it is feared that the provision of live maggot in ducks will affect the organoleptic quality of the egg, especially its taste and aroma. Therefore this study aims to determine the organoleptic quality of duck eggs fed Hermetia illucens maggot feeds in a living state. The study used 120 alabio ducks which were placed in a postal cage. The design used was a completely randomized design, each treatment using six replications. Each replication is taken egg sample to be tested panelists. The panelists used were 67 panelists who were somewhat trained. The data obtained were analyzed of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. The treatments that were tried consisted of P1: low protein rations without live maggot, P2: low protein rations with live maggot administration 40 g/bird/day, P3: high protein rations without live maggot administration, and P4: high protein rations with live maggot administration 40g/bird/day. The results showed that the treatment affected the texture, flavor, and aroma of boiled eggs. Ducks fed with high protein ration coupled with the provision of live maggot 40 g/bird/day produce softer textures, tastes quite good, and aroma more fishy. Keywords: Maggot, duck eggs, organoleptics
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Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska, M., D. Szczerbińska, and S. Zych. "The Use of Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) Essential Oil as an Additive to Drinking Water for Broiler Chickens and Its In Vitro Reaction with Enrofloxacin." Animals 11, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061535.
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Biological activity of lavender essential oil is a property that can potentially find an application in poultry nutrition. Nowadays, the use of bioactive compounds is encouraged in many areas of industry and agriculture, since these substances have similar properties as withdrawn antibiotic growth promoters. Additionally, antibiotic resistance bacteria are one of the most important current threats to animal health. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of lavender essential oil on the production parameters and blood parameters in broiler chickens and to assess the lavender oil’s in vitro reaction in a combination with enrofloxacin towards Escherichia coli. One-day-old non-sexed chicks (Ross 308) were divided into three experimental groups, each consisting of 100 individuals (five replicate of 20 boiler chicken each). The chickens in the control group received drinking water with no addition of lavender essential oil. In the experimental groups, lavender oil was added to the drinking water at a concentration of 0.4 mL/L, in the LEO1–42 from 1 to 42 days of age and the LEO22–42 group from the 22 to 42 days of age. The chickens’ body weight, feed consumption, water consumption, deaths and elimination due to health reasons were determined in the experiment. On day 42 of the chickens’ lives, blood samples were collected based on which selected parameters were identified. An in vitro experiment of lavender oil in combination with enrofloxacin was investigated with a checkerboard method. The results of the experiment showed the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of lavender essential oil and its positive effect on the production results of broiler chickens. The study results proved that the addition of lavender oil positively impacted the chickens’ final body weight and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01). No differences were observed between the groups for water consumption, death rate and the examined biochemical and immunological blood serum indices. Lavender essential oil was demonstrated to increase the blood serum’s total antioxidant status. A synergistic reaction in vitro was observed for lavender oil combined with enrofloxacin against resistant strains of Escherichia coli. Based on our study, a health-promoting effect of adding LEO to water for broiler chickens was found. Moreover, in vitro studies indicate a significant effect of lavender essential oil on the inhibition of the resistant strains of Escherichia coli growth and synergistic reaction with enrofloxacin.
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Adelusi, O. O., and V. O. A. Ojo. "Nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of West African dwarf sheep fed sugarcane top silage." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.527.
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Nutritive value of low quality crop residues is improved with addition of protein–rich byproducts (poultry litter) or chemical compounds (urea) and can serve as feed resource to ruminant during the dry season. This study investigated the nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of West African dwarf (WAD) sheep fed sugarcane top silage. Sugarcane tops were ensiled alone (control) or with 2% urea (USCT silage), 45% boiler litter (BLSCT silage) and 1% urea plus 22.5% broiler litter (UBLSCT) for 42 days. Each silage treatment contains 2% molasses. Twenty-four female West African dwarf sheep of 6-8 months of age, weighing 14.58±1.16kg were randomly assigned to the four silage treatments of six animals each in a completely randomised design for 84 days. Chemical composition of the silages was determined. Performance characteristics, apparent nutrient digestibility and blood parameters of the WAD sheep were evaluated. All data were subjected to one way Analysis of Variance. Results showed that animals fed BLSCT had significantly highest (P<0.05) total dry matter intake (64.26g/kgW ) and daily weight gain (46.03 g/day) followed by those on UBLSCT and USCT while animals fed control diet recorded the least with highest feed conversion ratio (20.62). Digestibility of all nutrients was highest (P<0.05) in sheep fed BLSCT (71.43%,71.16%, 75.66%, 64.35% and 56.82% for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, NDF and ADF digestibility respectively) and lowest (55.71%, 57.31%, 59.98%, 39.47% and 46.92% for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, NDF andADF digestibility respectively ) in those on control diet. Similarly, sheep fed BLSCT recorded significant highest (P < 0.05) packed cell volume (32.17%), haemoglobin (10.82g/dL) and red blood cell (13.43 x10 /L). The serum glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and blood urea concentration were similar (P > 0.05) but higher in animals fed BLSCT (3.94 mmol/L, 71.80 g/L, 37.00 g/L, 34.80 g/L and 130.55 mg/L, respectively) USCT(3.83 mmol/L, 71.50 g/L, 35.0 g/L, 36.50 g/L and 140.65 mg/L respectively) and UBLSCT (3.75 mmol/L, 71.20 g/L, 34.50g/L, 36.70 g/L and 120.90 mg/L, respectively) compared to control. The study concluded that SCTtreated with urea or broiler litter or their combination (UBLSCT) ensiled for 42 days could be fed to ruminant during long dry season without any detrimental effect onnthe health of the animals.
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Nuraini, Dian Meididewi, Morsid Andityas, Adi Paramarta, Nur Rohman Najib, and Agustina Dwi Wijayanti. "Isolasi dan identifikasi Escherichia coli dari Sumber Air Minum Kandang Broiler serta Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Lidah Buaya." Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science) 10, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.46549/jipvet.v10i2.116.
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Abstract
Colibacillosis is one of the most problematic issues in the boiler industry. However, the antibiotic overuse has induced Escherichia coli resistance so that other alternative to reduce colibacillosis is needed. One of the alternatives is using aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), which has been widely used as an antibacterial agent. This study aims to isolate and identify E. coli from the broiler drinking water source and test the aloe vera antibacterial activity against it. Escherichia coli were isolated from well in three broiler farms in Moyudan District, Sleman, Yogyakarta that previously had colibacillosis. Escherichia coli were isolated using eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar and the metallic sheen colony was tested to confirm the biochemist reaction. The pure isolate of E. coli was used in the aloe vera inhibition test using Muller Hinton agar (MHA) by a Well Diffusion method. Aloe vera was processed using aquades and ethanol 70%. The aquades infusion was diluted into 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% and the extract ethanol 70% was diluted into 10%, 12.5, %, 25%, 40%, and 50%. The bacterial identification showed that one of three samples contained E. coli which was then used for inhibition test. The result showed no inhibition zone in the aquades infusion while ethanol extract showed an inhibition zone in concentration 25%, 40%, and 50% of aloe vera extract with a diameter 19.5 mm, 24 mm, and 25 mm. It can be concluded that aloe vera ethanol extract has inhibitory activity against E. coli in poultry drinking water with a minimum concentration of 25%.
Keywords: Aloe vera; Broiler drinking water; Escherichia coli; Inhibitory activity
Abstrak
Colibacilosis masih menjadi permasalahan dalam industri broiler. Penggunaan antibiotik berlebihan telah menyebabkan resistensi sehingga perlu alternatif lain. Salah satu alternatif adalah menggunakan bahan alami seperti adalah lidah buaya (Aloe barbadensis Miller) yang memilliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi E. coli dari sumber air minum di kandang broiler serta menguji aktivitas inhibisi lidah buaya terhadap bakteri tersebut. Air yang digunakan sebagai sumber E. coli berasal dari sumur di tiga peternakan broiler di Kecamatan Moyudan, Sleman, Yogyakarta yang memiliki riwayat infeksi colibacilosis. Bakteri E. coli diisolasi menggunakan media eosin methylene blue (EMB) dan diuji sifat biokimia untuk mengkonfirmasi sifat bakteri E. coli. Isolat murni E. coli digunakan pada uji daya hambat bakteri dengan metode difusi sumuran menggunakan media Muller Hinton Agar (MHA). Lidah buaya diproses menggunakan aquades dan ethanol 70%. Infusa aquades diencerkan menjadi konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% dan ekstrak ethanol 70% diencerkan menjadi 10%, 12., %, 25%, 40%, dan 50%. Hasil isolasi menunjukan bahwa satu sumber air dari sumur di Desa Kolowenang mengandung E. coli yang kemudian digunakan pada pengujian daya hambat. Hasil pengujian menunjukan tidak ada daya hambat yang terbentuk pada infusa aquades sedangkan ekstrak etanol lidah buaya 25%, 40%, dan 50% menunjukan adanya zona hambat sebesar 19,5 mm, 24 mm, dan 25 mm berturut-turut. Ekstrak etanol lidah buaya pada penelitian ini memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli yang bersumber dari air minum broiler dengan konsentrasi terendah 25%.
Kata kunci: Air minum broiler; Escherichia coli; Lidah buaya; Daya hambat bakteri
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HONCHARUK, Inna, and Inna TOMASHUK. "ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY AUTONOMY OF THE AIC DUE TO THE USE OF BIOFUELS." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 2 (42) (February 2019): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-2-1.
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It has been substatiated in the article that renewable energy sources have recently become one of the important criteria for the sustainable development of rural areas. The emphasis is placed on the search for new and improved existing technologies for the production of alternative energy sources, expansion of their implementation areas. It is substantiated that the main reasons for such attention to the energy supply of rural territories are expected exhaustion of fossile fuels resourses, sharp increase in their prices, imperfections and low efficiency of their use technologies, harmful effects on the environment. It is shown that the situation of energy dependence can be changed by conducting the corresponding energy policy, improving the regulatory framework and attracting investment in the development of non-traditional and renewable energy sources. It is highlighted that Ukraine has sufficient opportunities to provide an adequate amount of biofuels, primarily through the use of biomass potential of agricultural crops and fast-growing energy crops. It is researched that in conditions of a complex socio-economic situation in Ukraine, a significant energy dependence on energy imports, the search for alternative energy sources is of particular relevance. It is estimated that Ukraine is among the dozens of countries - the largest consumers of energy resources, with a small share in the structure of the world's product. It is proved that energy saving today becomes one of the most important priorities of socio-economic development in the national and regional dimensions. The necessary condition for successful work in national and world agrarian markets is constant work on increasing the competitiveness of products, in particular, reducing its value by reducing the energy intensity of production. It is substantiated that agricultural producers are actively working on the issue of reducing energy consumption per unit of output. It is determined that the majority of these measures is aimed at increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, increasing productivity of the livestock sector, technical and technological re-equipment of the production process. It was emphasized that special attention should be paid to the branches of animal husbandry, because this industry is a serious source of alternative energy production. This applies not only the large live-stock producing agro-holdings but also the small households that operate in rural areas, for which live-stock production is subsidied by the state. Besides, it may become a source of energy supplies for their own needs as well. It was investigated that each year large livestock farms and poultry farms can receive environmentally friendly biofuels in an anaerobic way and significantly improve the quality of sewage. It is determined that thermal efficiency of cogeneration units of biogas production depends very much on equipment for electricity generation. For example, the use of gas-fired internal combustion engines has a thermal efficiency of 70% to 75%, while in the case of using gas turbines and boiler-wastes thermal efficiency can reach more than 90%. It is concluded that one of the ways to reduce the dependence on energy imports and to improve ecology in rural areas of Ukraine is to develop alternative energy generation in agro-industrial complex. Ukraine should create all opportunities for the development of innovative technologies for the implementation of renewable energy sources; to provide conditions for serial production and implementation of bioenergy facilities; to promote the formation of the equal competitive environment for different types of fuel. This will promote green energy production
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Wyszomirski, Sławomir. "Potrawy na uczcie Nazydiena (Horatius, Saturae II 8) a "De re coquinaria" Apicjusza." Vox Patrum 59 (January 25, 2013): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4034.
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Two issues were raised in the article entitled „Dishes at Nasidien’s feast (Horatius, Saturae II 8) and Apicius’ De re coquinaria”. First, comparison of dishes the description of which Horace included in Saturae II 8 with heir analogical recipes for these from Apicius’ De re coquinaria. These comparisons lead to the conclusion that, even in Augustan times, developing the culinary art had its supporters and that the chefs were trying to surprise symposium participants with new ideas, which made them experiment in this area all the time. An example of such efforts, among the others, is the method of making a sauce which was used to put on Nasidien’s moray, or wild pigeons whose croups had been cut off. On the other hand, on the example of De re coquinaria we can observe the evolution of culinary art which attached more and more importance to various kinds of spices used in more and more sophisticated sauces which gave a proper taste to diverse dishes of fish, poultry and game. The other issue, which is still present, is proper understanding and interpretation of these fragments of Horace’s Saturae II 8 where the poet gives us a description of dishes prepared by Nasidien’s chefs. Among the others, attention was drawn to the fact that the notion of faecula Coa (Saturae II. 8. 9) shall not be understood, as assumed before, as dried powdered yeast or wine grounds but rather as a substitute for grape honey described by Isidor (Etymologiae XX 3, 13: „Faecula uva pinguis, decocta usque ad crassitudinem mellis, ac refrigata, utilis stomacho”). This understanding of faecula Coa lets us read differently 6-9 verses in Saturae II 8 where the wild boar served by Nasidien was poured over by cheap substitutes, i.e. so called allec sauce (instead of liquamen) and faecula Coa (instead of honey). The Horace’s description, thus, has, in this place an ironic implication. It was also suggested that the 51-53 verses in Saturae II 8, where Nasidien boasts that he was the first one with the idea of boiling eruca sativa (rucola) with inula helenium, should be linked with previous verses which give the description of the sauce used for pouring over moray as eruca sativa boiled with inula helenium did not form a new dish but it was an ingredient of the mentioned sauce. Information about liver of a white goose fed with figs in Saturae II 8, 88 deserves special attention. We cannot find this dish recipe in Apicius’ De re coquinaria. However, we learn from the Plinius’ account that it was Apicius who invented a new method of preparing goose liver (Plinius, Historia naturalis VIII 209: Adhibetur et ars iecori feminarium sicut anserum, inventum M. Apici, fico arida saginatis ac satie necatis repente mulsi potu dato). This method involved feeding those birds with figs before they were killed. This way ensured that goose liver had a right taste and later wine with honey was added to it. However, according to Horace’s information, which cannot be shaken, the custom of feeding geese with figs had been known before Apicius. As, on the basis of preserved records on Apicius’ life, it is difficult to confirm that he lived in Horace’s times it seems necessary to correct the account of Pilnius and to interpret it in the way that the innovation of Apicius involved only serving liver with some wine with honey (muslum), not feeding geese with figs as this practice had been done much earlier.
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Hope, Emily, ALFONS WEERSINK, BILL VAN HEYST, and Glenn Fox. "EFFECT OF FUEL PRICES ON COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF HEATING SYSTEMS FOR BROILER POULTRY BARNS." Energy Studies Review 22, no. 1 (September 11, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15173/esr.v22i1.3309.
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Recent advances in extraction have increased the supply of natural gas and increased the relative price difference between it and alternative fuels. However, natural gas is not available in many rural areas forcing poultry producers unable to access natural gas to use more expensive fuels. This paper determines the least cost appliance system and fuel source for heating a broiler chicken barn in Ontario, Canada. The empirical model estimates the amount of heat required for poultry production, selects appropriate heating appliances and fuel types, and calculates the final present value of costs over a 20-year period. Appliances examined include box heaters, radiant tube heaters and biomass boilers; fuels examined include natural gas, propane, heating oil and biomass. Natural gas is the least cost fuel for both box heaters and radiant tube heaters assuming there is an existing connection to a gas pipeline. However, natural gas heating systems become the most expensive approach if the poultry operator has to pay for a pipeline connection to the gas source. With no direct connection for natural gas, biomass boilers are the most cost efficient heating system, followed closely by radiant tube heaters fuelled by propane. Heating oil is the most expensive fuel examined and its costs are nearly double that for comparable box heaters and radiant tube heaters using propane.
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Acharya, Bimal, Animesh Dutta, Shohel Mahmud, Mohammad Tushar, and Mathias Leon. "Ash Analysis of Poultry Litter, Willow and Oats for Combustion in Boilers." Journal of Biomass to Biofuel, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/jbb.2014.003.
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Schimitz, Rainer Alberto, Cristiano Meneghini, and Leonardo Henrique De Oliveira. "Wood ash filter to remove contaminants from rainwater destined for poultry farming." REVISTA AGRO@MBIENTE ON-LINE 14 (July 10, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v14i0.6151.
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Water availability and quality directly affect poultry farming since it is used for both animal consumption and equipment. Rainwater collected and stored on the property is an alternative to ensure better use of water re-sources. However, to obtain potable water for animal consumption, the raw water must first be treated. As such, this study aimed to assess the use of a wood ash filter to remove contaminants from rainwater. The ash comes from wood burned as fuel in industrial boilers to generate steam. The pilot filter was designed using wood ash, sand and crushed stone, the last two with particle sizes between 0.42 and 2.00 mm and 6.30 and 16.00 mm, respectively. The rainwater used was collected directly from the roof of an aviary on a property in western Santa Catarina state. Analyses indicated that the proposed filtering system resulted in average reductions of 86% in turbidity, over 95% in apparent color, 86% in total coliforms and 90% in Escherichia coli. The inability to remove nitrates disqualifies wood ash as a means of filtering rainwater for use in animal feed.
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"Effect of different organic composts and inorganic fertilizer on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and grain yields of soybean (Glycine max L.) under field conditions." Nigerian Journal of Soil Science, January 3, 2020, 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36265/njss.2020.300108.
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The study assessed the effects of composted corn wastes, poultry droppings and inorganic fertilizer on the number of nodules, nitrogen fixation and grain yields of soybean (Glycine max L.) under field conditions for 2 seasons. The experiments were conducted in the research sub-station of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, (IAR&T), Ilora, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria: (Derived Savanna Agro-ecology). Six experimental treatments namely; composted corn wastes boiled with table salt, composted corn wastes boiled with water alone, composted un-boiled corn wastes, composted poultry droppings, NPK 20- 10-10 fertilizer and control were applied to a soil with low fertility status. Soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds were planted in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and replicated 6 times. The plantings were carried out twice at two consecutive plantings. The number of nodules, amount of nitrogen fixed as well as grain yield were evaluated. The field trial results showed a higher number of nodules, nitrogen fixation and grain yield response when the un-boiled composted corn wastes (F3) and composted poultry droppings only (F4) were applied to the field compared to the other treatments. The number of nodules, nitrogen fixation and yield were significantly higher at the end of the second plantings compared to the first reflecting a residual effect of the composts. The study concluded that the application of composted corn wastes and poultry droppings especially when the seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium and mycorrhiza improved the number of nodules, N2 fixation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max L.) even when no boiling treatment was applied to the corn wastes. It is therefore recommended that maize cobs be converted to composts for improved soil productivity.
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Fakolade, P. O., S. A. Adeoye, T. R. Akinloye, and E. T. Oluwasola. "Quality evaluation of pigs fed poultry by-products." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 4 (December 25, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i4.546.
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Effect of consuming solely poultry-by-products by grower pigs, instead of conventional feeds was the focus of this study. Thirty–six Large White male pigs of 6 weeks 5.7 – 7.5kg were fed Boiled Dead Birds (BDB) (T3), Boiled Hatchery Waste BHW (T2) and conventional pig food PKC (T1). Thus, there were three treatments with 12 pigs per treatment. The pigs were reared for 10 weeks over which the chemical composition, performance and digestibility studies, carcass and organ function, serum and haematological status, and physico – chemical analysis and palatability were evaluated. The study was arranged as a completely randomized design. Daily weight gain, daily feed intake and body weight gain had highest (P<0.05) values of 107.45g. 105.31g and 4513.00g inT1 compared to T2 (37.52g, 63.39g and 1580.00g) and T3 (60.00g, 63.30g and 2520.00g) respectively. Pigs on T3 performed best in physico – chemical evaluation having the lowest (P<0.05) for thermal and cold shortening, cooking loss and thaw rigor but highest (P<0.05) values for water holding capacity than for T1 and T2. Lymphocyte values and white blood cell were best for T3 while T1 had highest in monophils. The T3 had lowest significant cholesterol value (106.80 mg/dL), than T2 (336.76 mg/dL) and T1 (123.88 mg/dL) while T1 did best (P<0.05) in glucose content (84.92 mg/dL), compared to T2 (60.22 md/dL) and T1 (66.63 mg/dL). The T1 had the highest palatability scores (P<0.05) for palatability status than T2 and T3. T1 performed bestin palatability scores, performance evaluation and carcass and organ characteristics, while T2 and T3 led to higher physico – chemical properties, serum and haematological parameters, which had positive significant effect on the health status of the pigs.
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Konovalov, Victor, Anna Konovalova, Vladimir Konovalov, Sergey Denisov, and Gali Gumarov. "Optimization of the Cremator Settings for the Disposal of Poultry Waste By Incineration in a Beet-emitting Boiler." KnE Life Sciences, January 15, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v5i1.6062.
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The purpose of this work is to substantiate the parameters of the boiler unit, which ensures the cremation of manure using microwave radiation. The substantiation of the amount of heat released during the burning of chicken manure at the industrial keeping of poultry in the conditions of sharply continental climate on the basis of minimization of product utilization values - ash content of wastes and pollution of smoke emissions is presented. Using the obtained regression models of magnetron emission power, moisture content of the burnt manure mass, mass air consumption for the specified product utilization parameters, the analysis of the relationship between the obtained parameters is made. Correlation analysis has shown a high correlation between the amount of heat released during the combustion of manure and the concentration of carbon monoxide in the smoke emissions. Rationally, the value of carbon monoxide content in the flue gases is 3.9%, corresponding to the amount of heat released 2.1 MJ/kg at the combustion of a kilogram of manure at the ash content of the residue of 18.4% and the initial moisture content of the manure of 38.4%. It provides power of radiation of magnetron 400 W on 1 kg of a waste and the mass flow rate of air of 13.8 kg/h.
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Burdo, O., N. Povarova, and L. Melnyk. "KINETICS AND ENERGY OF POULTRY MEAT DEHYDRATION IN VACUUM AND MICROWAVE FIELD CONDITIONS." Food Science and Technology 12, no. 4 (January 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/fst.v12i4.1218.
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The article presents the results of obtaining dried poultry meat under vacuum conditions using ultrahigh electromagnetic energy sources. A characteristic of the most common principles of drying is presented, which shows that the trends in the technology of drying technology is a reduction of specific energy consumption. From literary sources it is known that this is the best way to preserve meat protein in the native state. This method of drying leads to the release of a large amount of heat, resulting in evaporation can occur at a low temperature. The heat dissipated is spent exclusively on the evaporation of moisture without heating the fabric of the product. The rational modes of microwave-vacuum drying for meat semifinished products are determined. Drying was carried out at a temperature below 40°C and a pressure of 8 kPa with simultaneous processing by an electromagnetic field at a frequency of 2.7 GHz. This contributes to the intensive evaporation of moisture without a significant change in the structure of the surface layer, reducing the length of processing. Microwave-vacuum drying provides high functional and technological properties, namely: moisture-binding ability, water-retaining, fat-retaining ability and mass fraction of residual moisture, and better organoleptic characteristics. According to the sensory evaluation, the samples studied had a more fragile consistency, characterized by dry powders, a pleasant taste and a flavor similar to boiled chicken meat. The article shows the dependence of the mass of condensate on the duration of drying. On the basis of what was determined the duration of drying of the meat additive, which is 3 hours, while the mass fraction of residual moisture is 4.5%. It was established that obtaining dried meat semis from poultry meat under vacuum conditions using ultra high frequency electromagnetic energy sources allows to receive products with less energy and for a shorter period of production.
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Ijoyah, MO, and VL Sophie. "Effects Of Different Levels Of Decomposed Poultry Manure On Yield Of Cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.) At Anse Boileau, Seychelles." Agro-Science 8, no. 1 (July 8, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/as.v8i1.44109.
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Owoeye, O. G. "ASSESSMENT OF THE PRESENCE OF SELECTED METALS IN THREE TYPES OF BOILED EGG ALBUMEN AND WINES." Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria 46, no. 1 (February 2, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v46i1.580.
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Three species of egg from (poultry foul, native foul and guinea fowl) and wines (red and green). were assessed for the present of selected metal, (dietry essential elements). constituent with respect to there co-enzymes activities in relation to scavanging and chain radical properties, using standard methods. The results of the analysis shows, Fe: range between 1.039±0.01mg/l - 16.501±0.02mg/l, Cu: range between 0.019±0.01mg/l -- 0.116±0.01mg/l, Zn: range between 0.241±0.01mg/l --- 0.575±0.02mg/l and Se: were not detected, and the red wine has values; Cu: 0.01±0.01mg/l, Fe: 0.01±0.01mg/l and the green wine with all the selected metals were not detectable. The I R spectrum indicated five peaks for red wine and three peaks for green wine and both reveal, the present of 0 ----H, > C = 0 and N – H functional group and it indicate, the present of ester, phenols and alcohol with the resvertriol and selantonin characteristics, that are polyphenols and antioxidants. In conclusion, the present of these transition elements, polyphenols and serotinin indicate the antioxidant properties of these samples and therefore their, consumption should be encouraged, and that, the fowls feed should be supplemented with food containing Cu, Se, Zn and Fe, and the wines during production which, must be within the maximum allowable limit, because of there healthy functional important benefits in the area of healing,and resistance to diseases and cancer.