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Journal articles on the topic 'Boldenone undecylenate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Alm-Eldeen, A., and E. Tousson. "Deterioration of glomerular endothelial surface layer and the alteration in the renal function after a growth promoter boldenone injection in rabbits." Human & Experimental Toxicology 31, no. 5 (2011): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327111420745.

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Boldenone is an anabolic steroid developed for veterinary use. Recently, it is used by bodybuilders in both off-season and precontest, where it is well known for increasing vascularity while preparing for a bodybuilding contest. However, the side effect of this steroid on the human health is still unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible effect of the growth promoter, boldenone undecylenate, on the function and structure of the rabbit’s kidneys. A total of 36 adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into 4 groups. Control group includes animals that were injected intramuscularly with olive oil and dissected after 3 weeks. Three experimental groups include animals that receive one, two and three intramuscular injections of 5 mg/kg body weight boldenone, and dissected after 3, 6, and 9 weeks, respectively, and the interval of each dose of boldenone was 3 weeks. The biochemical analysis of the blood serum of treated rabbit showed a significant increase in the total protein, urea and creatinine concentrations, with a significant decrease in albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio. At the same time, a significant glomerulus mass reduction that accompanied with the expression of CD34, a marker for endothelial cells deterioration, was also determined. The incidence of the glomerulosclerosis was significantly increased compared with the control group (0.46 ± 0.05, p < 0.05). The glomerulosclerosis scores were 1.32 ± 0.10, 2.14 ± 0.11 and 3.02 ± 0.09 in groups 2, 3 and 4, respectively. These findings suggest that misuse of the boldenone undecylenate may contribute to the occurrence of a chronic renal injury that may lead to a progressive renal failure.

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2

El-Moghazy, Mostafa, Ehab Tousson, and Mohamed I. Sakeran. "Changes in the hepatic and renal structure and function after a growth promoter boldenone injection in rabbits." Animal Biology 62, no. 2 (2012): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075611x616905.

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Boldenone is an androgenic steroid that improves the growth and food conversion in food producing animals. In most countries worldwide, this anabolic steroid is forbidden for meat production. Recently, it is used by bodybuilders in both off-season and pre-contest, where it is well known for increasing vascularity while preparing for a bodybuilding contest. Therefore, our study was designed to investigate the possible effect of using growth promoter boldenone undecylenate on the rabbit liver and kidney structure and functions. Thirty-two adult New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups. Control group includes animals that injected intramuscularly with olive oil and dissected after 3 weeks. Three experimental groups include animals that receive one, two and three intramuscular injections of 5 mg/kg body weight boldenone, respectively and dissected after 3, 6 and 9 weeks respectively, where the interval of each dose of boldenone was three weeks. Intramuscular injection of rabbits with boldenone increased the serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), urea and creatinine compared with the control group. We also found significant increases in the total protein, total lipid, nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver and kidney tissues compared with the control group. Intramuscular injection of rabbits with boldenone exhibited mild to severe histopathological lesions in liver tissue as hepatocellular vacuolation in the centrilobular region and sinusoids and in the kidney, the renal glomerulei had completely lost their typical shape with the appearance of some vacuoles of different shapes and sizes with markedly congested sinusoidal and dilated blood vessels. These findings suggest that misuse of growth promoter boldenone undecylenate may contribute to continuous damage of the hepatic and renal function and structure that may lead to a progressive hepatic and renal diseases, so people should be careful if they want to use such steroids to enhance their strength and endurance.

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3

Castro, Eloy, Carmen Pérez, Carlos Alberto Ortega, Diego Salazar Vizuete, and Juan Pazmiño González. "Evaluación de dos estimulantes hormonales para el engorde de toretes Brahman bajo pastoreo y bloques multinutricionales suplementarios." Siembra 3, no. 1 (2016): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29166/siembra.v3i1.268.

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La alimentación en la producción animal es un reto que enfrentan los agricultores al buscar que el animalalcance el peso ideal en el menor tiempo y al menor costo posible. Se decidió evaluar dos estimulantes hormonales, Fenilpropionato Nandrolona y Boldenone Undecylenate, en combinación con un suministro de mezcla mineral, bloque proteico-energético y pasto miel en el engorde de toretes Brahman comparados con un testigo de manejo del productor. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar. Las variables a evaluar fueron incremento de peso, incremento de cinchera y altura a la cruz. El mejor tratamiento en términos de las tres variables evaluadas fue el tratamiento que utilizó anabólico sintético inyectable Undecilenato Boldenona combinado con bloque multinutricional proteico energético mineralizado y vitaminizado, mientras que el testigo tuvo solamente incrementos marginales. El análisis financiero determinó que el mismo tratamiento fue el que presentó la mejor relación beneficio costo de US$ 1.112.

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4

Tousson, Ehab, Rehab Mohmed Elgharabawy, and Thanaa Ahmed Elmasry. "Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Ameliorates Cardiac Toxicity Induced by Boldenone Undecylenate through Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase and Reduction in the Expression of NOX2 and NOX4." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9434385.

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The effect of anabolic androgenic steroids on the cardiovascular system is poorly understood. Increased production of free radicals is coupled to the pathophysiology of many alterations within the circulatory system. The only function of the enzyme family NADPH oxidases (NOXs) is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, this study investigated the beneficial role of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in ameliorating cardiac toxicity induced by the anabolic steroid Boldenone in male rats through NOX inhibition and reduction in the expression of NOX2 and NOX4. This study was conducted on forty male rats which are divided into four groups (normal control, positive control or GSPE, Boldenone, and posttreatment Boldenone with GSPE). A significant increase in relative body weight, relative heart weight, and hemodynamic parameters, as well as serum concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase-muscle brain, myoglobin, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, risk factor 1/2, K+, and Cl−, in treated rats with Boldenone when compared with control. We also noted a significant increase in the levels of cardiac malondialdehyde, H2O2generation in heart tissues, mRNA expression of NOX2 and NOX4, and immunoreactivity to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Posttreated rats with Boldenone and GSPE ameliorated cardiac toxicity via inhibition of NOX and a reduction in alteration of the expression of NOX2, NOX4, and PCNA induced by Boldenone. These novel insights into the antioxidative activity of GSPE should serve as a basis for the development of improved chemopreventive or therapeutic strategies for cardiac toxicity.

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5

Sabra, H. M., R. M. ,. El-Shawarby, Abosalem M., Nabila M. A, and S. S. Ibrahim. "Ameliorative Effects of Lycopene against Boldenone Undecylenate Toxicity in Albino Rats." Benha Veterinary Medical Journal 35, no. 2 (2018): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bvmj.2018.96298.

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6

Weidolf, Lars O. G., Tina M. P. Chichila, and Jack D. Henion. "Screening, confirmation and quantification of boldenone sulfate in equine urine after administration of boldenone undecylenate (Equipoise™)." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 433 (1988): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80580-0.

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7

Abd El Fadil, Hosny, Sawsan El Skeik, E. E. Emam, and Morsy Matar. "Efficacy Of Boldenone Undecylenate And Probiotic As Growth Promotors On Male Buffalo Calves." Zagazig Veterinary Journal 41, no. 1 (2013): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/zvjz.2013.94470.

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8

Wolfe, D. F., R. L. Carson, P. W. Mysinger, B. S. Duran, and H. S. Rahe. "Effects of the anablolic steroid, boldenone undecylenate, on certain reproductive parameters in bulls." Theriogenology 35, no. 5 (1991): 893–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(91)90301-s.

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9

Oda, Samah S., and Ibrahim M. El-Ashmawy. "Adverse effects of the anabolic steroid, boldenone undecylenate, on reproductive functions of male rabbits." International Journal of Experimental Pathology 93, no. 3 (2012): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2613.2012.00814.x.

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10

Mohammed, H. H., M. E. Badawi, M. S. El-Tarabany, and M. Rania. "Effects of boldenone undecylenate on growth performance, maintenance behaviour, reproductive hormones and carcass traits of growing rabbits." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 2 (2016): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2016-0031.

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AbstractThe present study was done to evaluate the effect of boldenone undecylenate (BOL) on growth performance, maintenance behaviour, reproductive hormones and carcass traits of male rabbits. Sixty apparently healthy New Zealand White male rabbits, 5 weeks of age, were allotted to 3 equal groups. Each group was subdivided into 5 replicates, where the first group is control. The second group (B1) comprised rabbits that received 2 intramuscular injections of BOL (5 mg/kg) with 3 week intervals (9 and 12 weeks of age), while the third group (B2) included rabbits that received 3 intramuscular injections of BOL (5 mg/kg) with 2 week intervals (8, 10 and 12 weeks of age). The end of the trial was after 4 weeks from the last injection (16 weeks of age). The results revealed that the treated groups had a significant increase in total body weight, daily gain and feed efficiency, with a significant decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR). Ingestive, locomotion and grooming behaviors were significantly higher in treated groups. Lateral pasture and exploratory behaviors were significantly higher in the control group. Administration of BOL resulted in a significant increase in dressing % and a significant decrease in testes %. Groups treated with BOL had a significantly (P<0.05) decreased serum testosterone level, simultaneously with a significantly increased estradiol level. The results indicate that BOL improves performance and carcass traits. Furthermore, there are hormonal-behavioral correlations through enhancement of ingestive and locomotion behaviors of treated animals.

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11

El Deib, Maha M., Nabela I. El-Sharkawy, Rasha R. Beheiry, et al. "Boldenone undecylenate disrupts the immune system and induces autoimmune clinical hypothyroidism in rats: Vitamin C ameliorative effects." International Immunopharmacology 99 (October 2021): 107939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107939.

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12

Saber, Taghred M., Bothina H. F. Omran, Maha M. El Deib, Nabela I. El-Sharkawy, Mohamed M. M. Metwally, and Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim. "Early postmortem biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations in skeletal muscles of rats exposed to boldenone undecylenate: Forensic implication." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 83 (October 2021): 102248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102248.

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13

Garcia, M. C., V. K. Ganjam, T. L. Blanchard, et al. "The effects of stanozolol and boldenone undecylenate on plasma testosterone and gonadotropins and on testis histology in pony stallions." Theriogenology 28, no. 1 (1987): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(87)90190-7.

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14

Behairy, Amany, Nabela I. El-Sharkawy, Taghred M. Saber, et al. "The Modulatory Role of Vitamin C in Boldenone Undecylenate Induced Testicular Oxidative Damage and Androgen Receptor Dysregulation in Adult Male Rats." Antioxidants 9, no. 11 (2020): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111053.

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Background: This study explored the effect of vitamin C (Vit-C) administration on the reproductive function of adult male Wistar rats injected with boldenone undecylenate (BOL). Methods: Rats were randomly assigned into control, vehicle control, Vit-C (120 mg/kg b.wt./day, orally), BOL (received 5 mg/kg b.wt./week, IM) and BOL+Vit-C-treated groups. After eight weeks, hormonal assay, semen evaluation, testicular enzymes, and antioxidants biomarkers were assessed. Besides, the histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations of the androgen receptor (AR) expression were performed. Results: The results revealed that serum testosterone, acid phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, sperm abnormalities, and testicular malondialdehyde were significantly incremented in the BOL-treated group. Testicular weight, sperm count, and sperm motility together with serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and estradiol, and testicular testosterone, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione showed a significant decrease following BOL treatment. Besides, the AR immunoreactivity was significantly decreased in testicular tissues. Vit-C co-administration with BOL significantly relieved the BOL-induced sperm abnormalities, reduced sperm motility, testicular enzyme leakage, and oxidative damage. However, Vit-C could rescue neither BOL-induced hormonal disturbances nor AR down-regulation. Conclusions: The results provide further insight into the mechanisms of BOL-induced reproductive dysfunction and its partial recovery by Vit-C.

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15

NIELEN, M., J. LASAROMS, P. MULDER, J. VANHENDE, J. VANRHIJN, and M. GROOT. "Multi residue screening of intact testosterone esters and boldenone undecylenate in bovine hair using liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry." Journal of Chromatography B 830, no. 1 (2006): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.10.028.

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16

AbdelHamid, Tamer, and Mahmoud Farahat. "Carcass traits and some blood stress parameters of summer stressed growing male rabbits of different breeds in response to boldenone undecylenate." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 2, no. 3 (2015): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2015.b64.

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17

Ali, Ehab M., Ehab Tousson, and Hamada A. Abd El Daim. "Effects of Short and Long Term Growth Promoter Boldenone Undecylenate Treatments on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Oxidative Stress Markers in Rabbit Muscles." Pharmacologia 4, no. 10 (2013): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5567/pharmacologia.2013.576.581.

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18

Rocha, Diego G., Mary Ane G. Lana, Débora C. S. de Assis, Rodinei Augusti, and Adriana F. Faria. "Determination of Steroids in Bovine Serum: Validation of a Reliable LC-MS/MS Method and In Vivo Studies with Boldenone Undecylenate and Testosterone Propionate." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 68, no. 41 (2020): 11545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03621.

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19

Ibrahim, Samar S., and Alshaimaa M. Said. "EFFECT OF LYCOPENE IN AMELIORATION OF TESTICULAR AND RENAL TOXICITY INDUCED BY BOLDENONE UNDECYLENATE IN MALE ALBINO RATS." International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies 3, no. 3 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijmbs.v3i3.124.

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Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the relative ameliorating efficacy of lycopene against the deleterious effects of boldenone, an androgenic steroid, on the rat testis and kidney. Materials and Methods: 40 male albino rats were divided into four groups; control group received intramuscular (i.m) injection of olive oil once a week; lycopene (Lc) group received lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily); boldenone (Bol) group received (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week); Bol + Lc group received boldenone (5 mg/kg b.w i.m once a week) and lycopene (10 mg/kg b.w p.o daily) all for four weeks. Results: intramuscular injection of boldenone significantly induced lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation as well as inhibited total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) activity in testis and kidney tissue. Additionally, up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression after Bol injection along with marked increase in serum inflammatory cytokines and decrease in serum testosterone. These alterations were confirmed by the histopathological examination of testis and kidney. On the other hand, lycopene oral administration attenuated the testicular and renal injuries induced by boldenone injection. Conclusion: administration of antioxidants as lycopene effectively ameliorated the adverse effects of boldenone on testis and kidney tissues. Key words: Boldenone undecylenate, lycopene, DNA fragmentation, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, apoptosis.

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20

Behairy, Amany, Wafaa A. M. Mohamed, Lamiaa L. M. Ebraheim, et al. "Boldenone Undecylenate-Mediated Hepatorenal Impairment by Oxidative Damage and Dysregulation of Heat Shock Protein 90 and Androgen Receptors Expressions: Vitamin C Preventive Role." Frontiers in Pharmacology 12 (April 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.651497.

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Boldenone Undecylenate (BLD) is a synthetic derivative of testosterone and a widely used anabolic androgenic steroid. The health risk of BLD use as a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement is still underestimated and under-reported. Vitamin C (VC) has been recognized as an antioxidant with prominent hepatorenal protective effects. This study investigated the possible preventive activity of VC against BLD-induced hepatorenal damage. Forty adult male Wistar rats were classified into five groups: control, vehicle control, VC (orally given 120 mg/kg b. wt./day), BLD (intramuscularly injected 5 mg/kg b. wt./week), and BLD + VC-treated groups. The experiment continued for eight weeks. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. Serum contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (VLDL-C) were also assayed. Urea, creatinine, and uric acid levels were determined together with sodium and potassium electrolytes measuring. Moreover, oxidative stress indicators including reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GSR) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in both hepatic and renal tissues. Corresponding histological examination of renal and hepatic tissues was conducted. Besides, immunohistochemical evaluations for androgen receptors protein (AR) and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) expressions were performed. BLD caused significant rises in serum ALT, AST, TP, ALB, TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, urea, creatinine, uric acid, potassium, and MDA levels. Further, BLD-injected rats showed significant declines in the serum levels of HDL-C, sodium, GSH, GPx, GST, and GSR. Besides, distinct histopathological perturbations were detected in renal and hepatic tissues of BLD-injected rats. AR and Hsp 90 immunoexpression were increased in hepatic and renal tissues. In contrast, VC significantly reversed the BLD-induced hepatorenal damage in co-treated rats but not ameliorated AR protein overexpression. VC could be an efficient preventive supplement for mitigating BLD-induced hepatorenal damage, possibly via controlling oxidative stress events.

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21

Singh, Vikramjit, and Angelika Batta. "Suspected reactivation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis focus after non-medical abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids: a case report." Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 31, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0167.

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AbstractBackgroundYouth population has a common tendency to use androgenic steroids. The reasons for such abuse vary from performance enhancement to muscle building in order to enhance physical appearance. Such rampant abuse, aided by fitness centers and gym trainers, has a huge risk of side effects such as hepatic dysfunctions and increased risk of infections.Case presentationWe report a case of 21-year-old man who started with anabolic steroids, namely testosterone enanthate, nandrolone decanoate and boldenone undecylenate injections, for the purpose of muscle building and strength training at his fitness center. He presented to his family physician after 2 months with upper neck swelling on right side 5 × 4 cm for 15–20 days. He was started on Augmentin 625 mg tablet three times a day for 7 days. On seventh day, swelling persisted, and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed, which was suggestive of granulomatous lesion likely to be tuberculosis. The patient was started with anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) under category A, but swelling did not improve and repeated FNAC was advised. The ATT was withheld and Augmentin tablet was restarted for another 3 days. A revised diagnosis of acute suppurative lymphadenitis was made, and an incision and drainage of the abscess was performed. The patient was started on Amikacin 500 intramuscular injection for 5 days along with faropenem and cefuroxime axetil tablets for 14 days. He initially started recovering but returned with pustular discharge from the incision mark. It was decided to reinitiate the ATT-intensive phase medication for another 2 months. The patient finally recovered with complete healing of the wound. The frequent change of treating physician and misuse of antimicrobials made the diagnosis tougher, contributing to delay in the optimum therapy.ConclusionThis case highlights the abuse of multiple steroids together in the form of stacking by a young adult, which leads to a rare serious adverse effect such as suspected tubercular reactivation.

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