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Bodansky, Daniel, and Kenneth J. Vandevelde. "Aguas del Tunari, S.A. v. Republic of Bolivia. ICSID Case no. ARB/02/3. Jurisdiction. 20 ICSID." American Journal of International Law 101, no. 1 (January 2007): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000293000002964x.
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Aguas Del Tunari, S.A. v. Republic of Bolivia, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/3. Jurisdiction. 20 ICSID Review: Foreign Investment Law Journal 450 (2005).International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, October 21, 2005.In Aguas del Tunari v. Republic of Bolivia, an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunal held that it had jurisdiction under the Netherlands-Bolivia bilateral investment treaty (BIT) over a claim against Bolivia brought by a Bolivian company owned primarily by two companies— one American and one Spanish—through Dutch intermediaries. The tribunal found that the Dutch intermediaries “controlled” the Bolivian company and that jurisdiction existed notwithstanding that the dispute related to a concession agreement with a choice-of-forum clause designating Bolivian courts.The origin of the dispute lay in Bolivia's attempt in the late 1990s to privatize the water service in Cochabamba, its third largest city. In September 1999, Bolivia awarded a forty-year concession agreement to a Bolivian company, Aguas del Tunari, S.A. (AdT), for the exclusive provision of water services in the city.
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Gonçalves, Harryson Júnio Lessa, and Antônio Hilário Aguilera Urquiza. "CURRÍCULOS INTRA/INTERCULTURAL NA BOLÍVIA: a matemática e a perspectiva pós-colonial." Cadernos de Pesquisa 24, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v24n3p41-58.
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O artigo tem como objetivo descrever, a partir de documentos curriculares, o processo de planificação dos currículos regionalizados do Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia. Para tanto, tem como objetivos específicos: a) identificar a organização e estrutura o sistema educacional boliviano a partir de algumas características sociais, histórica e econômicas; b) identificar pressupostos teóricos que consubstanciam a reforma curricular boliviana; c) descrever a organização curricular de Matemática no ensino secundário (Ensino Médio) viabilizada pelos currículos bolivianos. A investigação foi desenvolvida a partir de documentos curriculares que, pressupomos, são pouco conhecidos no Brasil e, por isso, como estratégia para afirmação da identidade latino-americana no Brasil. Assim, o estudo foi produzido a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica (artigos sobre ensino de Matemática na Bolívia) e documental (análise de documentos e currículos oficiais da Bolívia). Desse modo, nos consubstanciamos em um referencial teórico pós-colonial. O currículo analisado nos revelou um compromisso com a educação centrada em aspectos antropológicos que toma o conhecimento como histórica e socialmente posicionado a partir da diversidade cultural, valorizando, assim, saberes providos de povos indígenas originários; percebemos, ainda, um currículo distanciado de bases conceituais e epistemológicas preconizadas pela comunidade internacional de educadores matemáticos.Palavras-chave: Currículo de matemática. Bolívia. Educação boliviana.INTRA/INTERCULTURAL CURRICULA IN BOLIVIA: mathematics and the post-colonial perspective Abstract: The article aims to describe, from curricular documents, the process of planning the region's curriculum, of the Sate of Plurinational of Bolivia. To do so, it has specific objectives: a) to identify the organization and structure of the Bolivian educational system based on some social, historical and economic characteristics; b) to identify theoretical assumptions that underpin Bolivian curricular reform; c) describe the curricular organization of Mathematics in secondary education (Middle School) made possible by Bolivian curriculum. For that, the research was developed from curricular documents that, we assume, are little known in Brazil and, therefore, as a strategy for affirming the Latin American identity in Brazil. Thus, the study was produced from bibliographical research (articles on teaching Mathematics in Bolivia) and documentary (analysis of official documents and curricula from Bolivia). Therefore, we are based on a post-colonial theoretical framework. The curriculum analyzed showed us a commitment to education centered on anthropological aspects that takes knowledge as historical and socially positioned from cultural diversity, thus valuing the knowledge provided by native indigenous peoples; We also notice, a curriculum distanced from the conceptual and epistemological bases advocated by the international community of mathematical educators.Keywords: Mathematics curriculum. Bolivia. Bolivian education. CURRÍCULOS INTRA/INTERCULTURAL EN BOLIVIA: la matemática y la perspectiva post-colonial Resumen: El objetivo del artículo es describir, a partir los documentos curriculares, el proceso de planificación de los currículo regionalizados del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. Para ello, tenemos como objetivos específicos: a) identificar la organización y estructura del sistema educativo boliviano a partir de algunas características sociales, históricas y económicas; b) identificar los fundamentos teóricos que aportan la reforma curricular boliviana; ci) describir la organización curricular de Matemáticas en la educación secundaria viabilizada por los currículos bolivianos. La investigación fue desarrollada a partir de documentos curricular que, presumimos, son poco conocidos en Brasil y, por eso, se presenta como estrategia para la afirmación de la identidad latinoamericana en Brasil. Así, el estudio fue producido a partir de investigación bibliográfica (artículos sobre Enseñanza de Matemáticas en Bolivia) y documental (análisis de documentos y currículos oficiales de Bolivia). De ese modo, nos basamos en un marco teórico pos-colonial. El currículo analizado nos reveló un compromiso con la educación centrada en aspectos antropológicos que parte de un conocimiento histórico y socialmente posicionado a partir de la diversidad cultural, valorando los saberes provenientes de pueblos indígenas originarios; Percibimos también un currículo distanciado de bases conceptuales y epistemológicas preconizadas por la comunidad internacional de educadores matemáticos.Palabras clave: Currículo de matemática. Bolivia. Educación boliviana.
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Herrera, Mauricio, and Bennett Hennessey. "Quantifying the illegal parrot trade in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia, with emphasis on threatened species." Bird Conservation International 17, no. 4 (December 2007): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270907000858.
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AbstractWe monitored the illegal pet trade in Los Pozos pet market from August 2004 to July 2005. As indicated in Bolivian law, all unauthorized trade in wild animal species is illegal, especially species considered threatened by IUCN. During this period, we recorded 7,279 individuals of 31 parrot species, including four threatened species, two of which were being transported from Brazil through Bolivia to markets in Peru. The most frequently sold species was the Blue-fronted Parrot Amazona aestiva with 1,468 individuals observed during our study, the majority of which (94%) were believed to have been captured in the wild. Most of the purchased birds remain within Bolivia, while the more expensive, threatened species frequently head to Peru; some individuals may even reach Europe. We believe our study describes only a small proportion of the Bolivian parrot trade, underscoring the potential extent of the illegal pet trade and the need for better Bolivian law enforcement.ResumoMonitoreamos el comercio ilegal de aves en el mercado de mascotas de Los Pozos, desde agosto de 2004 a julio de 2005. De acuerdo a lo que establece la ley boliviana, todo comercio no autorizado de animales salvajes es ilegal, especialmente de especies consideradas Amenazadas por la IUCN. Durante este periodo, grabamos 7.279 individuos de 31 especies de loros, incluyendo 4 especies amenazadas, de las cuales dos fueron transportadas desde Brasil a través de Bolivia hacia mercados en Perú. La especie más frecuentemente vendida fue el Loro Frente Azul Amazona aestiva, con 1.468 individuos observados durante nuestro estudio, de los cuales creemos que un 94% ha sido capturado en su hábitat natural. La mayoría de la compra de aves permanece dentro de Bolivia, mientras que las más caras especies amenazadas, se dirigen a Perú; algunos individuos pueden incluso alcanzar Europa. Creemos que nuestro estudio describe sólo un pequeão porcentaje del comercio de loro boliviano, subrayando el grado potencial del comercio ilegal de mascotas y la necesidad de una mejor aplicación de la ley boliviana.
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McQueen, Cyrus B. "Niche Diversification of Sphagnum in Bolivia." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 13, no. 1 (December 31, 1997): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.13.1.8.
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Niche breadth values of Sphagnum species in the páramo and cloud forests of Bolivia are similar to those reported for Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in North America, but niche overlap values are higher for Sphagnum species in Bolivia. The pH, conductivity, and concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P suggest that Sphagnum habitats in Bolivia are ombrotrophic in nature. Sphagnum is limited to small, scattered carpets in the páramo and cloud forests of the Bolivian Andes between 1800 and 4200 m. Common species found in these habitats include S. alegrense Warnst., S. boliviae Warnst., S. cuspidatum Ehrh., S. magellanicum Brid., S. oxyphyllum Warnst., S. recurvum P. Beauv., S. sanctojosephense Crum & Crosby, and S. sparsum Hampe.
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FLAKUS, Adam, and Robert LÜCKING. "New species and additional records of foliicolous lichenized fungi from Bolivia." Lichenologist 40, no. 05 (August 26, 2008): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282908007378.
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Abstract:Six new species of foliicolous lichenized fungi are described as new to science from Bolivian lowland Amazon forest: Asterothyrium vezdae Flakus & Lücking (Asterothyriaceae), Keratosphaera multiseptata Flakus & Lücking (Pseudoperisporiaceae), Phylloblastia bielczykiae Flakus & Lücking (Verrucariaceae), Porina boliviana Flakus & Lücking (Porinaceae), Tapellaria intermedia Flakus & Lücking (Pilocarpaceae) and Trichothelium subargenteum Flakus & Lücking (Porinaceae). In addition, new records of 70 lichen species in Bolivia are listed. Of these, 52 are new to Bolivia.
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Irurozqui, Marta. "Political Leadership and Popular Consent: Party Strategies in Bolivia, 1880–1899." Americas 53, no. 3 (January 1997): 395–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1008031.
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The governmental era of the Bolivian conservative parties—Constitutional, Democrat, and Conservative—encompasses the historical period from Bolivia’s withdrawal from the Pacific War (1880), which saw a Peruvian-Bolivian alliance against Chile, to the outbreak of the Federal War of 1899 between conservatives and liberals. Within this period of infighting lies the genesis of the Bolivian political party system. With the establishment of a truce in 1880 between Chile and Bolivia, without which Bolivia would have had to definitively withdraw from the conflict and break its Peruvian alliance, two positions arose concerning a resolution of the conflict: the continuation of the war or peace. These polar solutions adhered to the first ideological substratum of the Bolivian political parties, making it possible to define the various factions of the elite in light of the new political restructuring and the role of the State.
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Barr, Robert R. "Bolivia: Another Uncompleted Revolution." Latin American Politics and Society 47, no. 3 (2005): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2005.tb00319.x.
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AbstractSince 1999, growing citizen dissatisfaction in Bolivia has been manifest in a cycle of often violent protests. Citizens believe that they have no means of expressing themselves except demonstrations. The public has grown weary of neoliberalism, which is perceived as benefiting only the elite. A recent economic downturn provided the catalyst for the unrest. Underlying these economic concerns, however, are fundamental problems with representation. The second Bolivian “revolution” involved not only the shift from state-led economic development to neoliberalism but also a shift from corporatism to pluralism. Representative institutions have not fully responded to the new pluralistic landscape, despite a range of political reforms. Many Bolivians find that their voice in government has weakened even as their needs have grown. The Bolivian case thereby highlights the obstacles young democracies face in winning over decreasingly tolerant citizens.
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Lehman, Kenneth D. "Completing the Revolution? The United States and Bolivia’s Long Revolution." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 22 (March 27, 2017): 4–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2016.154.
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James Malloy’s 1970 study, still one of the most systematic analytical attempts in English to understand Bolivia’s 1952 National Revolution, argued that the revolution remained “uncompleted.” However, the election and subsequent policies of the Morales government after 2005 moved Bolivia much closer to completing two important stated objectives of the revolution, as yet unfulfilled when Malloy wrote: inclusion of all Bolivians in the political system and increased national autonomy. While it is premature to call Bolivia’s revolution “completed,” the shift in the locus of power from Europeanized elites to more broadly popular forces and the growing independence of Bolivia from outside influence and direction under Morales are key achievements of what might be called Bolivia’s “Long Revolution.” Giving close attention to these two fundamental achievements—inclusion and autonomy—this paper provides a preliminary examination of the complicated and often paradoxical role the United States has played in Bolivia’s long historical trajectory since April 1952. Directly and indirectly, through imposition and suggestion, purposefully and unintentionally, by providing assistance and at the same time stimulating fierce nationalist resistance, through design and through the twists and turns of historical contingency—the United States has contributed to Bolivia’s slow revolutionary transformation. But patterns of imposition and resistance continue and this paper argues that it is time for the United States to examine its assumptions so that the two nations can escape the cyclical patterns of the past.El trabajo que James Malloy publicó en 1970 (hasta hoy día uno de los esfuerzos analíticos más sistemáticos que se han hecho en inglés para entender la Revolución Nacional de 1952), argumentaba que la revolución permanecía "incompleta". Las elecciones y subsiguientes políticas del gobierno de Morales después de 2005 llevaron a Bolivia mucho más cerca de completar dos de los objetivos importantes que buscaba la revolución y que todavía no se habían cumplidos cuando Malloy publicó su trabajo: la inclusión de todos los bolivianos en el sistema político y el incremento de autonomía nacional. Si bien es prematuro pensar que la revolución boliviana esté "terminada", el cambio operado en el lugar del poder, que de elites europeizads se ha desplazado a fuerzas más ampliamente populares, y la creciente independencia de Bolivia respecto a influencias y direcciones externas, son logros clave de lo que podría llamarse la "larga revolución" boliviana. Prestando atención a esos dos logros fundamentales (la inclusión y la autonomía), este artículo ofrece un examen preliminar del complicado y a menudo paradójico rol que Estados Unidos ha desempeñado en la larga trayectoria histórica de Bolivia desde abril de 1952. Directa e indirectamente, a través de la imposición y la sugerencia, de manera deliberada y no intencional, proporcionando asistencia y al mismo tiempo estimulando una feroz resistencia nacionalista, mediante programas diseñados y giros de la contingencia histórica, Estados Unidos ha contribuido a la lenta transformación revolucionaria en Bolivia. Pero los patrones de imposición y resistencia continúan, y este artículo sostiene que ha llegado la hora de que los Estados Unidos examinen sus supuestos para que las dos naciones puedan evitar la repetición de patrones cíclicos del pasado.
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Barrios-Suvelza, Franz Xavier. "Neither unitary nor federal: Did Bolivians invent something new?" International Political Science Review 41, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 402–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512119829475.
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The unitary–federal dichotomy is used as a standard means for taxonomizing state forms. However, its classificatory power has been increasingly stretched by heterodox cases such as Spain, Italy, South Africa and, most recently, Bolivia. This article contends that Bolivia’s constitutional changes have definitively challenged the long-standing assumption that the unitary–federal divide best serves the goal of an accurate taxonomization in the field of comparative federalism. Despite the noise Bolivia’s latest constitutional reform has caused in the otherwise settled framework of comparative federalism’s most basic concepts, scholarship is opting for the most comfortable choice by squeezing Bolivia into the unitary compartment. Subsequent to the screening of different types of taxonomic approaches, a new classificatory framework for state forms, based on a dichotomy that combines legal theory and the methodological tools of political science, is proposed and tested on the Bolivian case.
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Dalenz, Christian. "Evo-lución: The Economic Situation of Evo Morales’ Bolivia Under Scrutiny." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 23 (December 19, 2018): 67–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2018.177.
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This paper deals with economic changes in the last 12 years in Bolivia under the presidency of Evo Morales. After a short introduction about the political landscape of the country, I will explain how Morales’ party, Movimiento al Socialismo, planned to change Bolivia’s economic model. Here I will rely on the works by former Bolivian Ministry of Economics and Public Finances, Luis Arce Catacora. Then I will show the improvements in social conditions of the Bolivian population during the Morales’ presidency, and I will relate them to the Cash Conditional Transfers adopted by the government, otherwise known as bonos. Finally, I will assess the intricate issue of economic and environmental sustainability of this model. My point of view is that since Bolivia will soon face less revenue from its gas exports, efforts in diversifying its economy will have to improve. At the same time, no major crisis should happen.
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Marston, Andrea, and Amy Kennemore. "Extraction, Revolution, Plurinationalism: Rethinking Extractivism from Bolivia." Latin American Perspectives 46, no. 2 (June 4, 2018): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x18781347.
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With the ratification of its new constitution in 2009, Bolivia was transformed into a “plurinational state” associated with ecologically oriented values, yet resource extraction has expanded ever since. Fieldwork conducted in communities in highland Bolivia shows how resource extraction sustains and is sustained by “revolutionary narratives” in which the state—led by President Evo Morales—is configured as the protagonist of the plurinational era. Examination of the challenges presented by Bolivia’s indigenous communities and mining cooperatives to this revolutionary narrative during the 2014 adoption of new mining legislation suggests that shifting critical focus away from revolutionary change toward what David Scott calls the “politics of the present” might be a more fruitful way to think about the relationship between resource extraction and Bolivia’s plurinationalism. Al ratificar su nueva constitución en 2009, Bolivia se transformó en un “estado plurinacional” asociado con valores ecológicos; sin embargo, la extracción de recursos se ha expandido desde entonces. Investigaciones llevado a cabo en comunidades de las tierras altas de Bolivia muestran cómo la extracción de recursos sostiene y se sustenta en las “narrativas revolucionarias” en las que el estado, encabezado por el presidente Evo Morales, se configura como el protagonista de la era plurinacional. Examinar como las comunidades indígenas y las cooperativas mineras de Bolivia cuestionaron esta narrativa revolucionaria durante la adopción de la nueva legislación minera en 2014 sugiere que virar el enfoque crítico desde el cambio revolucionario hacia lo que David Scott llama la “política del presente” podría ser una forma más fructífera pensar en la relación entre la extracción de recursos y el plurinacionalismo boliviano.
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Healy, Kevin. "Coca, The State, and the Peasantry in Bolivia, 1982-1988." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30, no. 2-3 (1988): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165982.
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Polttical Conflicts between Bolivia and its peasantry over the production and distribution of the coca leaf during the 1980s is the focus of this essay. The first section describes several of Bolivia's comparative disadvantages (among Andean producer nations) for waging effective coca leaf control programs. Following is an analysis of the interplay and results of specific statepeasant conflicts during the 1982-1988 period of civilian democratic rule. To give a Bolivian contextual backdrop to these conflicts, aspects of the national political culture which shape the terms and conditions of the struggle over controversial drug-related issues are explained. A final section presents a brief analysis of the Chapare region's prospects for a successful coca leaf eradication program.Explanations for the Bolivian government's ineffectual campaign against the coca leaf and cocaine industry range from its status as a weak state to its fragile and deteriorating economy (Healy, 1986). Bolivia's political system holds the world record for changes in government by way of the coup d'etat.
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Campos, Javier. "Imbricaciones de la política y el teatro boliviano en tiempos de post-pandemia." MEDIACIONES 16, no. 25 (December 16, 2020): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto.mediaciones.16.25.2020.290-302.
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En este artículo se presenta una exploración del teatro y sus interconexiones con la política boliviana en tiempos de pandemia, bajo el argumento de que el teatro se encuentra en crisis, más aún con la llegada
del covid-19 que revela la precariedad de su situación en Bolivia, y sin embargo, existe una interesante perspectiva de salida aprovechando la relación teatro-política que ha existido a lo largo de su historia, pero de la cual el teatro boliviano se ha alejado. Para ello, se analiza la estructura del teatro en sí, su concepción, sus crisis y su desarrollo en Bolivia, así como sus imbricaciones con la política, para finalmente analizar los
efectos de la crisis de la pandemia covid-19 y las perspectivas del teatro y la política boliviana frente a este contexto.
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John, Steven Sándor. "De Prinkipo a Pulacayo: consideraciones sobre la historia del trotskismo boliviano." Archivos de historia del movimiento obrero y la izquierda, no. 17 (September 22, 2020): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.46688/ahmoi.n17.291.
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En la historia del movimiento trotskista mundial, Bolivia ha ocupado un lugar especial y en cierto grado excepcional. ¿En qué ha consistido la influencia histórica del trotskismo boliviano? ¿Cómo se explica? ¿Cuál fue su política durante la Revolución Boliviana de 1952 y cuáles fueron los resultados de dicha orientación? En el artículo se plantean algunas consideraciones sobre estos temas.
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Norris, Brian. "Without Distinguishing Color or Profession: Culture, Vatican II and the Long-Term Development of Credit Institutions in Bolivia." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 21 (March 17, 2016): 202–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2015.125.
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By the late 20th and early 21st century, credit institutions in Bolivia had become more complex, resilient and popular that at any time previously in its history. Traditional economics analyses emphasize incentives created by laws such as those promulgated by the Kemmerer mission in Bolivia in the 1920s and 30s, or material factors, such as transportation costs. Yet neither of these explanations offers a compelling explanation for the magnitude of the flourishing of popular and complex credit institutions in Bolivia after the 1960s. Cultural changes, however, might offer a compelling complement to legal and material explanations of credit development. Vatican II represented an important mass change in Bolivian culture, and institutions associated with these reforms ushered in a new era of credit institution development in the country.A finales del siglo XX y comienzos del XXI, las instituciones crediticias en Bolivia se volvieron más complejas, elásticas y populares que en cualquier otro momento de su historia. Los análisis económicos tradicionales ponen de relieve los incentivos creados por leyes como las promulgadas por la misión Kemmerer en Bolivia en las décadas de 1920 y 1930, o factores materiales, tales como los costos de transporte. Con todo, ninguna de estas explicaciones ofrece una explicación convincente de la importancia del florecimiento de instituciones crediticias populares y complejas en Bolivia después de la década de 1960. No obstante, los cambios culturales podrían ofrecer un complemento de peso a las explicaciones legales y materiales del desarrollo del crédito. El Concilio Vaticano II representa un importante cambio en la cultura boliviana, y las instituciones asociadas con sus reformas marcan el comienzo de una nueva era en el desarrollo de la institución crediticia en el país.
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Quiroga, Maria Virginia. "Tradiciones políticas y hegemonía. Hacia lo plurinacional-popular en Bolivia." Latinoamérica. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos 2, no. 67 (October 2, 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cialc.24486914e.2018.67.57076.
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Resumen: En toda identidad política es posible reconocer las huellas del contexto en que se inscribe, las cuales se visibilizarían en la apropiación y re-significación de discursos previamente sedimentados. Bajo esa premisa emerge la pregunta por las tradiciones políticas que subyacen en el “proceso de cambio” operado en Bolivia desde el 2006 en adelante. Este artículo parte de reafirmar que, en ese devenir, la tradición nacional-popular adquirió renovada centralidad, ya que hegemonizó el campo popular boliviano pero mantuvo distancia de la impronta del nacionalismo revolucionario en 1952. En consonancia con ello, las reconfiguraciones actuales abonarían la construcción de una hegemonía plurinacional-popular, no exenta de desafíos y tensiones. El análisis propuesto evidencia movimientos constantes, desde la empiria hacia la teoría, y viceversa; esto es, la articulación permanente entre la reconstrucción de procesos políticos clave en la historia boliviana y las apreciaciones teóricas en torno a lo nacional-popular y las identidades políticas.Abstract: In every political identity it is possible to recognize the fingerprints of the context in which it is inscribed, those that will be visible in the appropriation and resignification of previously sedimented speeches. From such premise rises the quest for the political traditions that that underlie in the proceso de cambio operated in Bolivia from 2006 on. This paper parts form the reaffirmation that, in such development, the national-popular tradition gained a renovated centrality, for it took hold of the Bolivian popular spectrum, but, at the same time, kept distance from the experience of the revolutionary nationalism in 1952. In accordance with this, the current reconfigurations contribute to build a plurinational-popular hegemony, not exempt of challenges and tensions. Consequently, nowadays reconfigurations would help grow a construction of a plurinational-popular hegemony not free of tensions and challenges. The analysis proposed makes evident constant movements from the experience to the theory, and vice versa; that is, the permanent articulation between the reconstruction of key political processes along Bolivian history and some theoretical perspectives of the national-popular tradition and political identities.
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HOLZENTHAL, RALPH W., and DESIREE R. ROBERTSON. "Four new species of Contulma from South America (Trichoptera: Anomalopsychidae)." Zootaxa 1355, no. 1 (November 9, 2006): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1355.1.3.
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Four new species in the caddisfly genus Contulma Flint 1969 (Trichoptera: Anomalopsychidae) are described from Bolivia and southeastern Brazil: C. boliviensis n. sp. (Bolivia), C. fluminensis n. sp. (Brazil), C. meloi n. sp. (Brazil), and C. tripui n. sp. (Brazil). The Bolivian species represents the first record of the genus and family for Bolivia. The Brazilian species form a closely related group of species also including C. tijuca Holzenthal & Flint 1995.
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Coca - Morante, M. "Estado actual de la producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en la región andina boliviana." Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa 19, no. 1 (May 18, 2016): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37066/ralap.v19i1.226.
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El cultivo de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) es uno de los más importantes en la región Andina boliviana, tanto por su valor como cultivo de seguridad alimentaria y por su condición de centro de domesticación de una diversidad de papas nativas. Los diferentes procesos sociales, económicos y políticos de los últimos años vienen promoviendo un nuevo panorama de la tendencia de la producción de la papa en Bolivia. La imagen tradicional de país con agricultura eminentemente Andina e Interandina, con la ampliación de la frontera agrícola hacia zonas no tradicionales como los Valles Mesotérmicos, el oriente y chaco boliviano se encuentra configurando una nueva cultura del cultivo y consumo de la papa en Bolivia. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el estado actual de la producción de papa en la región Andina boliviana a partir de la información existente. Se revisaron documentos, informes locales y publicaciones internacionales. Desde 1950, la introducción de tecnología para el mejoramiento de la producción de la papa en los Andes de Bolivia, comenzó apuntando a mejorar la calidad de la semilla de papa a partir de la evaluación y selección de variedades de papas nativas. Después de más de 60 años, en la actualidad, Bolivia, mantiene un sistema de producción y abastecimiento de semilla de papa de calidad certificada. Este sistema desde 1987 a la fecha ha promovido la producción de un número reducido de variedades de papas, entre ellas, la Desirée (Solanum tubersosum subsp. tuberosum) y Waych’a (Solanum tubersosum subsp. andigena). Este esquema junto a los patrones de consumo actual se encuentra modificando la realidad de la producción de la papa en Bolivia, cuyos efectos podrían causar impactos negativos en la conservación de la diversidad de las papas nativas y en la cultura de la papa en la región Andina.
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SHTAYNMILLERE, Anastasia. "Bolivia’s media landscape." Век информации (сетевое издание) 4, no. 3(12) (June 1, 2020): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33941/age-info.com43(12)2.
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This study analyzes and systematizes the history and political and territorial structure of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, examines the role of international contacts between Russia and Bolivia, as well as analyzes the system of Bolivian media and the nature of their rhetoric towards Russia.
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MACLEOD, ROSS, STEVEN K. EWING, SEBASTIAN K. HERZOG, ROSALIND BRYCE, KARL L. EVANS, and AIDAN MACCORMICK. "First ornithological inventory and conservation assessment for the yungas forests of the Cordilleras Cocapata and Mosetenes, Cochabamba, Bolivia." Bird Conservation International 15, no. 4 (December 2005): 361–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090500064x.
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Bolivia holds one of the world's richest avifaunas, but large areas remain biologically unexplored or unsurveyed. This study carried out the first ornithological inventory of one of the largest of these unexplored areas, the yungas forests of Cordilleras Cocapata and Mosetenes. A total of 339 bird species were recorded including 23 restricted-range, four Near-Threatened, two globally threatened, one new to Bolivia and one that may be new to science. The study extended the known altitudinal ranges of 62 species, 23 by at least 500 m, which represents a substantial increase in our knowledge of species distributions in the yungas, and illustrates how little is known about Bolivia's avifauna. Species characteristic of, or unique to, three Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) were found. The Cordilleras Cocapata and Mosetenes are a stronghold for yungas endemics and hold large areas of pristine Bolivian and Peruvian Upper and Lower Yungas habitat (EBAs 54 and 55). Human encroachment is starting to threaten the area and priority conservation actions, including designation as a protected area and designation as one of Bolivia's first Important Bird Areas, are recommended.
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KESSLER, MICHAEL, and ALAN R. SMITH. "Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. I. General introduction and key to families." Phytotaxa 327, no. 1 (November 3, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.1.3.
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We introduce the concept of a prodromus for a flora to the ferns and lycophytes of Bolivia, describe the natural setting of Bolivia (topography, climate, vegetation), briefly review the history of pteridological knowledge in the country, present a taxonomic synopsis as well as a key to the fern and lycophyte families of Bolivia, and provide a list of all fern and lycophyte names with Bolivian type material. A new combination is proposed for Polyphlebium herzogii (Rosenst.) A.R.Sm. & Kessler.
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Norris, Brian. "Ideology and Social Improvement in Bolivia during the 20th Century." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 18 (November 25, 2011): 198–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2011.32.
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This essay relates improvements in social indicators in Bolivia during the Twentieth Century to ideological changes during the same period. During the Twentieth Century, most social indicators improved dramatically in Bolivia. Separately, scholars have vigorously debated ideologies, such as neoliberalism and its macroeconomic competitors, and the potential social impact of these ideologies. Despite the separate emphases on ideas and social outcomes, no systematic attempt has been made by scholars of Bolivia to link long–term ideological change to long–term social improvement in the country. This essay argues that it is probable that such a relationship exists, but it is important to consider mass ideology, which affects the whole of Bolivian society, in addition to elite ideology, which affects a much more limited portion of society.Este ensayo relaciona las mejoras en indicadores sociales en Bolivia durante el siglo XX con cambios ideológicos registrados durante el mismo periodo. Durante el siglo XX la mayoría de los indicadores sociales mejoraron dramáticamente en Bolivia. Los especialistas han debatido vigorosamente la relación de estas mejoras con ideologías tales como el neoliberalismo y sus competidores macroeconómicos, discutiendo su potencial impacto social. Sin embargo, pese al énfasis otorgado a la relación de las ideas con los resultados sociales, no ha habido ninguna tentativa sistemática por parte de los especialistas de relacionar el cambio ideológico de largo plazo con las mejoras sociales de largo plazo en el país. Este ensayo sostiene que es probable que tal relación exista, pero para visibilizarla es importante considerar la ideología de masas, que afecta al conjunto de la sociedad boliviana, además de la ideología de la élite, que afecta a una porción mucho más limitada de la sociedad.
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Fausto Neto, Antonio, and Aline Weschenfelder. "Entrevista a Víctor Quelca." InMediaciones de la Comunicación 14, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.18861/ic.2019.14.2.2936.
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Investigador boliviano / Magíster en Investigación en Ciencias Sociales por la Universidad de Postgrado para la Investigación Estratégica en Bolivia (UPIEB) / Profesor titular de la Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Bolivia.
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Hablützel, Pascal I., Takayuki Yunoki, and Luis Torres Velasco. "Update on the checklist of fish species of the Bolivian Amazon." Check List 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2013): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.2.208.
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In 2010 and 2011 new checklists of fish species occurring in the Bolivian Amazon have been published. We add 21 species to these lists of which two are new reports for Bolivia (Apistogramma urteagai Kullander, 1986 and Vandellia sanguinea Eigenmann, 1917). The other 19 taxa have been reported earlier for the Bolivian Amazon. Their absence on previous checklists indicate the difficulties to compile an overview of the current literature on the fish fauna of the Bolivian Amazon. The ichthyofauna of Bolivia is still not entirely known and many species await formal descriptions. Future collection efforts and taxonomic reviews might rise the number of known Bolivian fish species considerably in the near future.
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Carey, John M. "Palace Intrigue: Missiles, Treason, and the Rule of Law in Bolivia." Perspectives on Politics 7, no. 2 (May 15, 2009): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709090847.
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The Bolivian presidency is a precarious position, not only because so many presidents have left office under duress, but because former presidents are subject to legal jeopardy. The case of Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé illustrates the weakness of the rule of law in Bolivia and the political motivations that sustain it. Rodríguez was a respected Chief Justice of Bolivia's Supreme Court. He reluctantly assumed the presidency during a political crisis and shepherded the country through peaceful elections in 2005 that brought Evo Morales to the presidency. He was subsequently charged with treason in a case that involved the transfer from the Bolivian military to the United States of some obsolete surface-to-air missiles. The Rodríguez case was politically important enough to be useful for the Morales Government, but only briefly, and the moment passed. Now, the case's obscurity and the fecklessness of the Bolivian courts have left Rodríguez in legal and professional limbo. Full disclosure from the U.S. government regarding its involvement in the missiles case might clear Rodríguez's name.
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Lopez, Esther. "“Evo sólo es un colono mas”: Conflictos interétnicos y nuevos poderes políticos de mujeres indígenas en Bolivia." La Manzana de la Discordia 5, no. 2 (March 17, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v5i2.1520.
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Resumen: El presente trabajo plantea un análisisantropológico sobre conflictos entre grupos indígenas enBolivia y nuevos poderes políticos de mujeres indígenas.Este análisis pretende investigar por qué las eleccionespresidenciales de 2005 y 2009 un grupo mayoritario deTacanas se posicionaron en contra de Evo Morales auncuando su partido mantiene una política pro-indígena.Los conflictos violentos en Bolivia tienen su origen enfricciones entre las regiones de las tierras bajas y tierrasaltas, y típicamente son representados en la prensa y academiacomo conflictos de la oligarquía blanco/mestizojunto con la clase media reciente (post 1930s) contra losgrupos indígenas. Sin embargo, la tensión existente entregrupos indígenas es generalmente obviada, debido a quela imagen del “indio” fue homogenizada a una sola figurabasada en la relación de explotación proveniente del Estadomestizo hacia el Indio. Enfocando en mujeres Tacana dela Amazonia de Bolivia y los conflictos cotidianos entreellas y los colonos Aymara/Quechua a su territorio, estetrabajo hace tangible la naturaleza de los temas claves queestán en base de estos conflictos históricos.Palabras clave: cultura, indígenas, etnia, raza, tacana,Amazonía, Estado boliviano.“Evo Is Merely Another Colonial”: Inter-ethnical Conflicts and New Political Powers of Indigenous Women in BoliviaAbstract: The present paper focuses on an anthropologicalanalysis of tensions between indigenous groups inBolivia, by asking the question of why it is that in the 2005and 2009 presidential elections many Tacana, native toAmazonia Bolivia, voted against and generally opposedEvo Morales’ candidacy and his pro-indigenous politic.Violent conflicts in Bolivia, which find their root in stronghighland-lowland regionalism, are typically portrayed inthe media and academia as one between the white/criollooligarchies along with the more recent (post 1930s) mestizomiddle-class against indigenous groups. The fact thatthere are strong conflictive sentiments between indigenousgroups in Bolivia has largely been overlooked preciselybecause the image of the Bolivian “indian” has been distilledinto a single generic figure which by definition standsin an exploited relation to the mestizo state. By focussingon Amazonian Tacana women and especially in theirposition of leaders, this paper makes tangible the natureof the conflicts as brought forth in everyday situations ofTacana women and highland Aymara/Quechua migrantsinto their territory.Key Words: identity, ethnicity, race, Tacana, colonos,regionalism, Amazonia, land rights, Bolivian state
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Coloma Porcari, César. "Una tradición perdida de don Ricardo Palma." Aula Palma, no. 18 (December 30, 2019): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31381/ap.v0i18.2596.
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ResumenTrabajo de investigación referente a una olvidada tradición de don Ricardo Palma narrada personalmente por él a don José Carrasco Torrico, político, escritor y periodista boliviano, en Lima, el año 1907. Publicada por el Dr. Carrasco Torrico ese año, ha permanecido en el más completo olvido durante ciento doce años. Esta tradición fue redescubierta por el autor de este texto el año 2019 y se reproduce al final del mismo.Palabras clave: Ricardo Palma, tradiciones, folclore, relaciones entre elPerú y Bolivia.
AbstractThis is research work concerning a forgotten Tradition of Ricardo Palma, personally narrated by him to don José Carrasco Torrico, a Bolivian politician, writer, and journalist, in Lima in 1907. Published by Dr. Carrasco Torrico that year, it has remained in the most complete oblivion for a hundred and twelve years. Thistradition was rediscovered by don César Coloma Porcari in 2019 and it is reproduced in this essay.Keywords: Ricardo Palma, traditions, folklore, relations between Peru and Bolivia.
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Polojentsev, Dmitry D. "Astronomy Research in Bolivia." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 24, no. 3 (2001): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00000808.
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1. An astronomical expedition from Pulkovo observatory in Bolivia, near Tarija was organized in 1982. The first telscope was an astrograph (D=23 cm, F=230 cm, field = 5x5 degrees). Sucsessful observations on this instrument are still being made. In all 7 astronomical instuments were installed. Now they are the National Bolivian Observatory.
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Tomaszewski, Jarosław. "Populizm religijno-polityczny Eva Moralesa wyzwaniem dla Kościoła katolickiego." Annales Missiologici Posnanienses, no. 25 (December 31, 2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/amp.2020.25.5.
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The article shows the diffi cult problem of how to renew the dialogue between the Catholic Church, present in Bolivia since the sixteenth century and the populist regime of Evo Morales, nowadays expelled by the Bolivian opposition from his own country. The painful division of the Bolivian society into several distinctly separate groups is a huge missionary challenge for the Catholic Church in Bolivia. Catholicism cannot look indiff erently at the many social experiments conducted in the area of this very poor Andean country. What is required, is a radical change of the spiritual formation, which will lead effi ciently to a renewed reception of the Gospel in the free heart of the Bolivian nation.
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Zapata, Luis. "Bolivia Films Ltd. El origen de una idea." Designio 3, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52948/ds.v3i1.117.
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La Paz, la capital más alta del mundo (1948) y Donde nació un imperio (1949) suponen las dos (2) películas fundacionales de Bolivia Films Ltd., donde se rastrean elementos cinematográficos y visuales que permitirán comprender el cine moderno en Bolivia. Bolivia Films Ltd. a la cabeza de K. Wasson; conjuntamente Jorge Ruiz y Augusto Roca iniciarán el primer proyecto de profesionalización de cineastas en Bolivia y explorarán temas y formas desde esta casa productora. Así, se convierte en germen de los códigos cinematográficos visuales que imprimirá la Revolución Nacional desde su aparato de propaganda: el Instituto Cinematográfico Boliviano.
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KESSLER, MICHAEL, ROBBIN C. MORAN, JOHN T. MICKEL, FERNANDO B. MATOS, and ALAN R. SMITH. "Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXXV. Dryopteridaceae." Phytotaxa 353, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.353.1.1.
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We provide a synopsis of the 207 species of Dryopteridaceae in 15 genera currently known from Bolivia. This is the secondmost species-rich fern family in the country and includes the most diverse genus (Elaphoglossum with 127 species). No fewer than 32 species of Dryopteridaceae are endemic to Bolivia. Elaphoglossum catenatum, a new species from the Bolivian Yungas, is here described and illustrated. We also provide a new combination for Acrostichum papyraceum in Elaphoglossum and designate a lectotype for Elaphoglossum ambiguum. Illustrations for all Bolivian taxa of Elaphoglossum are provided. Taxonomic problems remain in a number of genera, especially Elaphoglossum, Megalastrum, and Polystichum.
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Alarcón Gambarte, María Micaela. "El Estado Plurinacional en Bolivia." Revista Estudios Jurídicos. Segunda Época, no. 20 (December 10, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/rej.n20.a1.
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El presente trabajo tiene por objeto reflexionar en torno a los rasgos del Estado Plurinacional en Bolivia, instituido en la Constitución de Bolivia de 2009. Para ello será necesario contextualizar la cadena de Constituciones que se han ido sucediendo a lo largo del constitucionalismo boliviano. Prestando especial atención a la Constitución vigente, que introduce el cambio de modelo de Estado, suprimiendo la palabra «República» y sustituyéndola por la de «Estado Plurinacional». Para concluir se aborda el estudio del Poder Público con especificidad el Órgano Electoral, dado su reconocimiento peculiar como cuarto Órgano del Estado.El presente trabajo tiene por objeto reflexionar en torno a los rasgos del Estado Plurinacional en Bolivia, instituido en la Constitución de Bolivia de 2009. Para ello será necesario contextualizar la cadena de Constituciones que se han ido sucediendo a lo largo del constitucionalismo boliviano. Prestando especial atención a la Constitución vigente, que introduce el cambio de modelo de Estado, suprimiendo la palabra «República» y sustituyéndola por la de «Estado Plurinacional». Para concluir se aborda el estudio del Poder Público con especificidad el Órgano Electoral, dado su reconocimiento peculiar como cuarto Órgano del Estado.
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Churchill, Steven P. "Bryophytes of Alarachi Natural Reserve, Department of Tarija, Bolivia." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 30, no. 1 (August 5, 2009): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.30.1.11.
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A bryophyte inventory of Alarachi Natural Reserve in the Province of Acre, Department of Tarija, Bolivia, recorded 154 species distributed among l01 genera and 51 families; for hepatics 35 species, 19 genera, 13 families, and mosses 119 species, 82 genera, 38 families. This study represents the first bryological inventory for southern Bolivia, and provides the first representative subset of bryophytes for the Tucuman-Bolivian montane forest.
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Aliaga- Rossel, Enzo, and Mariana Escobar-ww. "Translocation of trapped Bolivian river dolphins (Inia boliviensis)." IWC Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 21, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v21i1.96.
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The Bolivian river dolphin (Inia boliviensis), locally known as bufeo is an endemic species and categorized as Vulnerable in the Red Book of Vertebrates of Bolivia. Despite the fact that the Bolivian river dolphin is the only cetacean in land-locked Bolivia, knowledge about its conservation status and vulnerability to anthropogenic actions is extremely deficient. We report on the rescue and translocation of Bolivian river dolphins trapped in a shrinking segment of the Pailas River, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Anthropogenic activities to alter the landscape and create agricultural land in the area include significant deforestation and irrigation channel construction and are likely to be a contributory factor causing the entrapment of these Bolivian River dolphins. The dolphins were trapped in shallow water in a 1 km section of river. Dry season water levels were rapidly falling and this section of river dried up completely. We collaborated with several institutions, authorities, and volunteers to translocate 26 Bolivian river dolphins, including calves, juveniles, and pregnant females. The dolphins were captured and transported using well-padded boats and vehicles and released into the Rio Grande. Each dolphin was accompanied by biologists who assured their welfare. No dolphins were injured or died during this process. If habitat degradation continue, it is likely that events in which river dolphins become trapped in South America may happen more frequently in the future.
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Galán de Mera, Antonio, and Eliana Linares Perea. "Datos sobre la vegetación de los humedales de América del Sur. De las sabanas bolivianas a los Llanos del Orinoco (Venezuela)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 33 (December 1, 2008): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v33i0.6987.
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RESUMEN. Datos sobre la vegetación de los humedales de América del Sur. De las sabanas bolivianasa los Llanos del Orinoco (Venezuela). En base a los inventarios fitosociológicos levantados en 3humedales de América del Sur (Llanos de Moxos y Pantanal, Bolivia; Llanos del Orinoco, Venezuela)damos a conocer semejanzas y diferencias en la composición de comunidades vegetales. Comoresultado, describimos 4 asociaciones [Hydrocleydo nymphoidis-Nymphoidetum herzogii (comunidadesde ninfeidos), Oxycaryo cubensis-Eleocharitetum acutangulae (graminales flotantes), Ipomoeofistulosae-Sennetum aculeatae (vegetación nitrófila) y Bacopo myriophylloidis-Eleocharitetumminimae (pastizales inundables)] y una alianza (Echinodorion boliviani). Entre los humedalesobservados, 9 comunidades vegetales son comunes; Ludwigio sedoidis-Eichhornietum diversifoliae(comunidades de ninfeidos), Spilantho uliginosi-Paspaletum orbiculati (pastizales inundables) yThalietum geniculatae (asociación de grandes helófitos) son características de los Llanos del Orinoco,mientras que Bacopo myriophylloidis-Eleocharitetum minimae, comunidades de Pontederia parviflora(comunidades helofíticas de aguas someras), Hydrocleydo-Nymphoidetum herzogii y Rhabdadenio-Cyperetum gigantei (asociación de grandes helófitos) lo son de los llanos neotropicales situados al Sde la Cuenca Amazónica.Palabras clave. Vegetación, sintaxonomía, Bolivia, Venezuela, humedales.ABSTRACT. Data about the vegetation of the wetlands of South America. From the Bolivian savannasto the Llanos of the Orinoco (Venezuela). Based on the phytosociological relevés made up in 3 wetlandsof South America (Llanos of Moxos and Pantanal, Bolivia; Llanos of the Orinoco, Venezuela),similarities and differences in the composition of plant communities are presented. As a result, 4associations [Hydrocleydo nymphoidis-Nymphoidetum herzogii (water lily communities), Oxycaryocubensis-Eleocharitetum acutangulae (floating grasslands), Ipomoeo fistulosae-Sennetum aculeatae(nitrophilous vegetation) and Bacopo myriophylloidis-Eleocharitetum minimae (flooding pastures)]and one alliance (Echinodorion boliviani) are described. In the observed wetlands, 9 plant communitiesare commons; Ludwigio sedoidis-Eichhornietum diversifoliae (water lily communities), Spilanthouliginosi-Paspaletum orbiculati (flooding pastures) and Thalietum geniculatae (high helophyticvegetation) are characteristics of the Llanos of the Orinoco, while Bacopo myriophylloidis-Eleocharitetum minimae, Pontederia parviflora plant communities (communities of shallow water), Hydrocleydo-Nymphoidetum herzogii and Rhabdadenio-Cyperetum gigantei (high helophyticvegetation) are presents in the Neotropical lands placed to the southern of Amazonian Basin.Key words. Vegetation, syntaxonomy, Bolivia, Venezuela, wetlands.
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EGENHOFF, SVEN O., BERND WEBER, OLIVER LEHNERT, and JÖRG MALETZ. "Biostratigraphic precision of the Cruziana rugosa group: a study from the Ordovician succession of southern and central Bolivia." Geological Magazine 144, no. 2 (February 9, 2007): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756807003093.
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Cruziana ichnospecies have been repeatedly reported to have biostratigraphic significance. This study presents a re-evaluation of the arthropod ichnotaxa of the Cruziana rugosa Group from bio- and/or lithostratigraphically well-defined Lower to Upper Ordovician siliciclastic sections of southern and central Bolivia. With the exception of Cruziana rouaulti, the ichnofaunas contain all the members of the Cruziana rugosa Group throughout the Ordovician (Arenig to Caradoc) successions in Bolivia. The Bolivian material therefore indicates that these arthropod ichnofossil assemblages are suitable for recognizing Ordovician strata in Bolivia. These findings cast doubt on their use as reliable indicators for a global intra-Ordovician (Arenig to Caradoc) biozonation of Peri-Gondwanan sedimentary successions.
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Alderman, Jonathan. "The Houses That Evo Built: Autonomy, Vivir bien, and Viviendas in Bolivia." Latin American Perspectives 48, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 100–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x211004897.
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The concept of vivir bien (living well) has become ubiquitous in Bolivian state discourse and policy since the election of Evo Morales as Bolivia’s president in 2005. While Bolivia’s constitutional refounding as plurinational is supposed to facilitate indigenous peoples’ living according to their conception of living well, the state still appears to be attempting to implement its own conception through rural social programs promoted as enabling rural indigenous peoples to live well. The implementation of one such social program, a housing donation program in the municipality of Charazani (Department of La Paz), demonstrates differing notions of vivir bien between neighboring communities and suggests that a program designed to facilitate vivir bien may actually provide obstacles to the realization of an indigenous conception of living well. El concepto de vivir bien se ha vuelto omnipresente en el discurso y la política del estado boliviano desde la elección de Evo Morales como presidente en 2005. Si bien se supone que la refundación constitucional de Bolivia como estado plurinacional debe facilitar la vida de los pueblos indígenas de acuerdo a su concepción de vivir bien, el Estado aún parece estar tratando de implementar su propia concepción a través de programas sociales rurales promovidos como proyectos que permiten que los pueblos indígenas rurales vivan bien. La implementación de uno de estos programas sociales, un programa de donación de vivienda en el municipio de Charazani (Departamento de La Paz), muestra diferentes nociones de lo que implica vivir bien entre las comunidades vecinas y sugiere que un programa diseñado para facilitarlo puede, de hecho, generar obstáculos a la realización de una concepción indígena de vivir bien.
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Field, Thomas C. "Union Busting as Development: Transnationalism, Empire and Kennedy's Secret Labour Programme for Bolivia." Journal of Latin American Studies 52, no. 1 (September 10, 2019): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x19000646.
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AbstractDrawing on archives from the US labour movement, personal papers of transnational labour organisers, Bolivian oral histories and press reports, and government records from four countries, this article explores a web of Cold War relationships forged between Bolivian workers and US government and labour officials. Uncovering a panoply of parallel and sometimes conflicting state-supported trade union development programmes, the article reveals governments’ inability to fully control the exuberance of ideologically-motivated labour activists. Rather than succeed in shoring up a civilian government as intended, US President John F. Kennedy's union-busting programme aggravated fissures in Bolivia's non-Communist Left, ultimately frustrating its attempt to steer a non-aligned posture in Latin America's Cold War. Employing transnational methods to bridge gaps between labour, development and diplomatic history, this article points toward a new imperial studies approach to the multi-sited conflicts that shaped the post-war trajectory of labour movements in Bolivia and throughout the Third World.
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Krueger, Chris. "Pensando el “diálogo académico” norte/sur." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 18 (November 21, 2011): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2011.44.
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This work approaches the complex relation between North American institutions dedicated to the production of knowledge on Bolivia and its homologous Bolivians, emphasizing the fact that nowadays in Bolivia not only an immense intellectual wealth totally established exists, but also a field of emergent knowledge whose reflections and challenges deserve a diffusion in the north. To authorize in the north the theoretical potecial of the debates generated in Bolivia would make the knowledge produced on Bolivia a lot more dynamic and responsible. Inversely, I will also discuss the importance to initiate in Bolivia studies that will lead to understand the complexity of the institutions and societies of the north, that are not neither homogenous nor static, less still automatically reproductive of imperialism. Este trabajo aborda la compleja relación entre las instituciones norteamericanas dedicadas a la producción de conocimiento sobre Bolivia y sus homólogas bolivianas, destacando el hecho de que hoy día en Bolivia no sólo existe una inmensa riqueza intelectual plenamente establecida, sino también un escenario de conocimientos emergentes cuyas reflexiones y desafíos ameritan una difusión a gran escala en el norte. Autorizar en el norte el potecial teórico de los debates generados en Bolivia haría más dinámico y responsable el conocimiento que el norte produce sobre Bolivia. Inversamente, se discutirá también la importancia de que en Bolivia se inicien estudios conducentes a dimensionar la complejidad de las instituciones y sociedades del norte, que no son ni homogéneas ni estáticas, menos aún automáticamente reproductoras del imperialismo.
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Jansen, Martin, and Gunther Köhler. "Reptilia, Squamata, Amphisbaenidae, Amphisbaena cegei Montero, 1997, and Reptilia, Squamata, Teiidae, Tupinambis rufescens (Günther, 1871): Vertical range extension." Check List 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/6.4.503.
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COLOMA ROJAS, CLAUDIO. "LA ESTABILIDAD POLÍTICA EN BOLIVIA Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA DEMANDA MARÍTIMA." Revista Política y Estrategia, no. 122 (December 5, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26797/rpye.v0i122.80.
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A través de este artículo se estudia la relación entre la crisis interna boliviana y las ofensivas del Presidente de Bolivia en contra de Chile por la demanda marítima, con el propósito de comprobar la existencia de una causalidad entre ambos. Por un lado, al analizar los sucesivos cambios institucionales a nivel político y económico, entendidos como factores que afectan la estabilidad interna boliviana, se vuelve imposible cualquier análisis que utilice un mismo criterio para justifi car los desencuentros que Bolivia y Chile han tenido en las últimas tres décadas por el tema marítimo.Por otro, la evidencia empírica que hay respecto a los índices de popularidad presidencial y de conflictividad social en Bolivia demuestra que ambos indicadores no se condicen siempre con las ofensivas bolivianas en contra de Chile por la cuestión marítima.
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Marston, Andrea, and Tom Perreault. "Consent, coercion and cooperativismo: Mining cooperatives and resource regimes in Bolivia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 2 (October 17, 2016): 252–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16674008.
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This paper examines ways in which regional political, economic, and cultural hegemonies maintain “resource regimes” by exploring the emergence of mining cooperatives as central actors in Bolivia’s extractive economy. Like much of Latin America, Bolivia is experiencing a boom in resource extraction. Unlike other Latin American countries, in which the surge in mining activity is driven almost entirely by private, mostly transnational capital, relatively small-scale mining cooperatives play a major role in Bolivia’s mining economy. We draw on the Gramscian concepts of hegemony and the integral state to explore the historical and contemporary relationship between mining cooperatives and unfolding patterns of mineral, water, and territorial governance, particularly in Oruro and Potosí departments. We argue that the regional hegemony of the mining economy has been constructed and maintained by the close historical relationship between mining cooperatives and the Bolivian state. Since the 1930s, the state has supported the formation of mining cooperatives as a means of bolstering the mining economy and stemming political unrest; in recent decades, however, cooperatives have become more actively involved in the maintenance of mining’s regional hegemony.
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Pol, IvanPrudencio, and Gianni Tognoni. "Bolivia." Lancet 330, no. 8561 (September 1987): 734–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(87)91087-7.
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Churchill, Steven P., and Reinaldo Lozano. "Bryophytes of the Tucuman-Bolivian Montane Forest, Bolivia." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 30, no. 1 (August 5, 2009): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.30.1.6.
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An inventory of the bryophytes from Tucuman-Bolivian montane forest of Bolivia resulted in 374 species distributed among 184 genera and 70 families; liverworts are represented by 97 species, 42 genera, 20 families; hornworts by a single species, genus and family; and mosses by 276 species, 141 genera, 49 families. Twenty-seven percent of the known Bolivian bryophytes are present in the Tucuman-Bolivian montane forest. Comparing the bryophyte composition of the two recognized montane forest ecoregions, the Yungas and the Tucuman-Bolivian, the former is 2.8 times more diverse than the latter
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SMITH, ALAN R., and MICHAEL KESSLER. "Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXX. Thelypteridaceae." Phytotaxa 331, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.331.1.1.
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We provide a synopsis to the family Thelypteridaceae in Bolivia, including 106 species (several with varieties) in eight genera. Five new species are described: Amauropelta boliviana, A. glabrescens, A. lanceolata, A. subacrostichoides, and Steiropteris glabra. New combinations are made for three taxa: Christella clivalis (A.R.Sm.) A.R.Sm., Christella grandis (A.R.Sm.) A.R.Sm. var. kunzeana (C.Chr.) A.R.Sm., and Christella schizotis (Hook.) A.R.Sm. Seventeen species are endemic to Bolivia.
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Hicks, Kathryn, and Nicole Fabricant. "The Bolivian Climate Justice Movement." Latin American Perspectives 43, no. 4 (February 19, 2016): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16630308.
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The Bolivian Platform against Climate Change is a coalition of civil society and social movement organizations working to address the effects of global warming in Bolivia and to influence the global community. Many of the organizations use indigenous philosophy and worldviews to contest normative conceptions of development. A study of the growth of this movement drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in 2010 reveals a complex relationship between state and nonstate actors that has had a striking impact on the global community despite the failure of multilateral climate change negotiations. La Plataforma Boliviana Frente al Cambio Climático es una coalición de organizaciones de la sociedad civil y movimientos sociales trabajando para abordar los efectos del calentamiento global en Bolivia y para influenciar a la comunidad mundial. Muchas de las organizaciones utilizan filosofía y cosmovisiones indígenas para impugnar concepciones normativas de desarrollo. Un estudio del crecimiento de este movimiento basándose en el trabajo de campo etnográfico en 2010 revela una relación compleja entre actores esta-tales y no estatales que ha tenido un impacto sorprendente sobre la comunidad global a pesar del fracaso de las negociaciones multilaterales sobre el cambio climático.
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Macías Vázquez, Alfredo, and Jorge García-Arias. "Financialization, Institutional Reform, and Structural Change in the Bolivian Boom (2006–2014)." Latin American Perspectives 46, no. 2 (November 23, 2018): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x18813566.
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Since nationalizing its hydrocarbon industry, Bolivia has articulated an ambitious strategy to promote structural change in its economy. Despite positive trends in macroeconomic indicators, the increase in fiscal revenues derived from the export of raw materials has not translated into structural transformation. Although the Bolivian government has broken with classical extractivism, nationalization and state intervention have not been sufficient to produce changes. The institutional control imposed on hydrocarbon revenue by financialization inhibits structural change and threatens the long-term sustainability of recent improvements in social indicators. Después de nacionalizar su industria de hidrocarburos, Bolivia ha articulado una estrategia ambiciosa para promover el cambio estructural en su economía. A pesar de las tendencias positivas en los indicadores macroeconómicos, el aumento en los ingresos fiscales derivados de la exportación de materias primas no se ha traducido en una transformación estructural. Aunque el gobierno boliviano ha roto con el extractivismo clásico, la nacionalización y la intervención estatal no han sido suficientes para producir cambios. El control institucional impuesto a los ingresos de hidrocarburos por la financiarización inhibe el cambio estructural y amenaza la sostenibilidad a largo plazo de las mejoras recientes en los indicadores sociales.
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Gremillion, S. K., A. K. Culbreath, D. W. Gorbet, B. G. Mullinix, R. N. Pittman, K. L. Stevenson, J. W. Todd, R. E. Escobar, and M. M. Condori. "Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia." Plant Disease 95, no. 3 (March 2011): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-10-0454.
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Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.
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Sessarego, Sandro. "On the non-creole basis for Afro-Bolivian Spanish." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 28, no. 2 (August 16, 2013): 363–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.28.2.04ses.
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This article provides a sociohistorical and linguistic account for the development of Afro-Bolivian Spanish (ABS), an Afro-Hispanic vernacular spoken in Los Yungas, Department of La Paz, Bolivia. Previous research has indicated that ABS might be the descendent of an Afro-Hispanic pidgin (Lipski 2008), which first creolized in colonial times and eventually decreolized due to contact with Spanish after the Bolivian Land Reform of 1952. The present study argues that ABS was probably never a creole, but rather a language relatively close to Spanish from its inception. The basis on which this claim is built consists of sociodemographic and linguistic data. The findings strongly indicate that the historical conditions for a creole language to emerge were not in place in Bolivia for the period under analysis (15th–19th century).
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RAFAEL, JOSÉ ALBERTINO, and DAYSE WILLKENIA ALMEIDA MARQUES. "Five new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae (s. str.) (Diptera) from Bolivia." Zootaxa 4567, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4567.2.3.
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Ten Bolivian species of Macrostomus Wiedemann were studied. Five species are redescribed based on type specimens described by Bezzi. The species are included in the following species-groups: four in the M. ferrugineus species-group: M. arcucinctus (Bezzi), M. argyrotarsis (Bezzi), M. dolichopterus (Bezzi) and M. grallatrix (Bezzi); three in the M. limbipennis species-group: M. macerrimus (Bezzi), M. montanus sp. nov. and M. rodriguezi sp. nov.; one species in the M. amazonensis species-group: M. falcatus sp. nov.; and two unplaced to species-group: M. trifidus sp. nov. and M. trilineatus sp. nov. A key to the 12 species of Macrostomus found in Bolivia, including M. limbipennis (Bezzi) and M. pictipennis (Bezzi), is presented. Macrostomus argyrotarsis (Bezzi) is also recorded for the first time from Peru. A checklist of 31 described species of Bolivian Empididae s. str. is included. Three empidid species originally described from Mexico that had previously been recorded from Bolivia, are excluded from the Bolivian fauna.