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Journal articles on the topic 'Bolivia in art'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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1

Quiroga, Carlos Gutiérrez, and Sebastián Zubieta. "Notes on Music and Contemporary Art in Bolivia." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 46, no. 1 (May 2013): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905762.2013.780915.

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2

Webster, Susan Verdi. "The Art of Painting in Colonial Bolivia / El arte de la pintura en Bolivia colonial." Renaissance and Reformation 42, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1065159ar.

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3

Vidal Aparicio, Iván Fernando. "Consentimiento en el contrato: causal de nulidad y no de anulabilidad." Revista Lex 3, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33996/revistalex.v3i9.57.

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Este artículo abordó la importancia de la correcta identificación de las causales de nulidad y anulabilidad, con el objetivo de evidenciar que la falta de consentimiento en el contrato es causal de nulidad y no de anulabilidad. Centrándose en el ámbito de materia civil, aplicación de conceptos o categorías jurídicas civiles de la nulidad o nulidad absoluta y anulabilidad o nulidad relativa. Como resultado se identificó que los códigos civiles de México y Perú establecen con claridad su base teórica doctrinaria respecto a la nulidad, a diferencia de los códigos civiles de Bolivia, Francia, Italia, España y Argentina. Se concluyó identificando la necesidad del traslado de la causal de anulabilidad del contrato, “por falta de consentimiento para su formación”, establecida en el numeral 1) del art. 554 del Código Civil Boliviano, a las causales de nulidad del contrato enunciadas en el art. 549 del mismo cuerpo legal.
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4

Bodansky, Daniel, and Kenneth J. Vandevelde. "Aguas del Tunari, S.A. v. Republic of Bolivia. ICSID Case no. ARB/02/3. Jurisdiction. 20 ICSID." American Journal of International Law 101, no. 1 (January 2007): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000293000002964x.

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Aguas Del Tunari, S.A. v. Republic of Bolivia, ICSID Case No. ARB/02/3. Jurisdiction. 20 ICSID Review: Foreign Investment Law Journal 450 (2005).International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, October 21, 2005.In Aguas del Tunari v. Republic of Bolivia, an International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) tribunal held that it had jurisdiction under the Netherlands-Bolivia bilateral investment treaty (BIT) over a claim against Bolivia brought by a Bolivian company owned primarily by two companies— one American and one Spanish—through Dutch intermediaries. The tribunal found that the Dutch intermediaries “controlled” the Bolivian company and that jurisdiction existed notwithstanding that the dispute related to a concession agreement with a choice-of-forum clause designating Bolivian courts.The origin of the dispute lay in Bolivia's attempt in the late 1990s to privatize the water service in Cochabamba, its third largest city. In September 1999, Bolivia awarded a forty-year concession agreement to a Bolivian company, Aguas del Tunari, S.A. (AdT), for the exclusive provision of water services in the city.
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Coler, Matt, Patrice Guyot, and Edwin Banegas-Flores. "Verbal art as heuristic for semantic analyses." LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas 20 (October 2, 2020): e020011. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/liames.v20i0.8660368.

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Aymara is an Amerindian language spoken mainly in Peru and Bolivia. To date, relatively little is documented about Aymara verbal art. Accordingly, we analyze a traditional song recorded in the Peruvian highlands. We provide a musical and linguistic analysis of the non-prosodic poetic song structure. We detail the octosyllabic, homeoteleutonic strategies for line formation, the melodic and rhythmic characteristics, and outline the syntactic, morphological, and semantic strategies used in forming semantic couplets. This reveals semantic categories which would not be apparent in a traditional linguistic analysis. Furthermore, the musical analysis confirms previous works on the misperception of a musical anacrusis. We conclude that rigorous, scientific analyses of verbal art require consideration of the construction of meaning through practice and dialog.
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Gutiérrez Marx, Graciela G. "Invisible Artists, or the Net Without a Fisherman … (My Life in Mail Art)." ARTMargins 1, no. 2–3 (June 2012): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00018.

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Perhaps we can think that mail art derives from Dada and link it to Fluxus, Filliou's proposal of an eternal network, and the highly innovative poetry and experimental art, born at the same time in different countries. GGMarx practiced collective creation, in poor areas of the southern cone of South America. In a broader and ideologically more sensitive context, a folk art appeared, thanks to the popular struggles in Cuba, México, Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Uruguay, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina. The liberation movements, developed during the seventies, have marked the direction of Latin American mail-art intercourse. But they acquired their real strength in Argentina in 1976, when the Military Terrorist State was implanted and started the time of art = life.
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Infante Caffi, María Teresa. "LA CORTE INTERNACIONAL DE JUSTICIA SE PRONUNCIA SOBRE LA DEMANDA DE BOLIVIA CONTRA CHILE RELATIVA A UNA OBLIGACIÓN DE NEGOCIAR. LA SENTENCIA DE 1 DE OCTUBRE DE 2018." Spanish Yearbook of International Lawi 2, no. 71 (September 20, 2019): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17103/redi.71.2.2019.1.02.

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Mediante la Sentencia de 1 de octubre de 2018, la Corte Internacional de Justicia se ha pronunciado sobre la demanda del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia acerca de una pretendida obligación a cargo de Chile, para otorgarle acceso soberano al mar. La Corte Internacional de Justicia ha decidido que, de la conducta de las partes y del Derecho internacional general, no se derivaba la existencia de tal obligación. El caso planteaba la pregunta acerca de dónde y cómo se había generado esa obligación, si lo había sido por la conducta de la parte demandada, o por acuerdo de las partes, y qué papel cumplía el Derecho internacional general. El caso ha permitido evocar también el debate teórico según el cual pueden presentarse obligaciones dignas de calificarse como propias de un pactum de negotiando, o de un pactum de contrahendo. La respuesta de la Corte a los distintos elementos expuestos fue que ella no pudo llegar a la conclusión que Chile posee «la obligación de negociar con Bolivia a fin de alcanzar un acuerdo que otorgue a Bolivia un acceso soberano al océano Pacífico», como lo expusiese Bolivia. Entre otros elementos, la Corte ha afirmado que el art. 2.3 de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas establece un deber general de solucionar las controversias a fin de preservar la paz y seguridad internacionales, y la justicia. Pero aquel no indica que las partes están obligadas a recurrir a un método específico de arreglo, como es la negociación, término que tampoco menciona. En consecuencia, la Corte no acepta las demás peticiones de Bolivia, cuya premisa era la supuesta obligación de negociar.
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Albó, Xavier. "Suma qamaña = convivir bien. ¿Cómo medirlo?" Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 25 (May 11, 2020): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2019.225.

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In the Political Constitution of the State, in force in Bolivia since 2009, the concept of “living well” is reiterated already in its Preamble and in its Title I by pointing out the great “ethical-moral principles of plural society” (art. 8). We also find it again in other subjects such as education (art. 80) and economics (art. 306, 313). What is behind such a concept? I will explore it in a gradual and increasingly expansive manner, first in purely linguistic terms and then in a broader scope, as the logic common to many indigenous and native peoples, as opposed to that of dominant societies and powers. In the end I will outline some strategies to translate this concept into more measurable indicators.
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Cristina Pabón Escobar, Silvia, and Maria Conceição da Costa. "Visibility of latin american scientific publications: the example of Bolivia." Journal of Science Communication 05, no. 02 (June 21, 2006): A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.05020201.

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The discussion on the state of the art of scientific publications in Latin American countries generally restricts itself to its supposedly low visibility. This affirmation is generally conditioned to the exclusive use of large international databases, mainly of the USA and Europe, which include thousands of scientific publications that have marginalized a large part of the scientific literature produced in peripheral countries. Given this fact of low visibility, it became imperative for some Latin American countries, beginning in the 90s (20th Century), to develop their own mechanisms of projection of the results of their own scientific production. The experiences constitute an example for countries that, having significant scientific production, still do not have the means to facilitate access to local scientific publications. Although Bolivia still remains distant from these initiatives, a series of studies were identified that show the existence of a tradition of publication in scientific magazines and interest in their visibility, on a local and international level, which demands attention to the most adequate mechanisms in order to carry this out.
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Antonini de Souza, Paulo César, and Derick Trindade Bezerra. "Representação e simbolismo: artes visuais na fronteira Brasil/Bolívia." MOTRICIDADES: Revista da Sociedade de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Motricidade Humana 4, no. 3 (December 18, 2020): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.29181/2594-6463.2020.v4.n3.p286-296.

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ResumoTendo por campo de investigação o Festival da América do Sul Pantanal (FASP) em 2018, na cidade de Corumbá (Brasil), objetiva-se identificar a materialidade e conceitos que permeiam as manifestações artísticas bidimensionais nesta região de fronteira, a partir da percepção de artistas da Bolívia. A pesquisa se organizou em duas fases: na primeira foi realizado um levantamento em plataformas online de produções acadêmicas em artes visuais, com foco no trabalho bidimensional, utilizando os descritores “arte popular” e “estética latina” resultando em três artigos. Na segunda fase foram selecionados dois trabalhos de uma artista da Bolívia, participante da mostra “Conexão Santa Cruz”, realizada durante o FASP 2018, que foram analisados em seus níveis representacional e simbólico. Pela interpretação das imagens foi possível construir uma leitura sobre a perspectiva da artista a respeito de suas condições culturais dentro da ordenação social em que se encontra situada.Palavras-chave: Artes Visuais. Arte Popular. Arte Regional. América Latina. Representation and symbolism: visual arts on the Brazil/Bolivia frontierAbstractHaving as research field the Festival da América do Sul Pantanal (FASP) in 2018, in the city of Corumbá (Brazil), the objective is to identify the materiality and concepts that permeate the two-dimensional artistic manifestations in this border region, from the perception of artists from Bolivia. The research was organized in two phases: in the first, a survey was carried out on online platforms of academic productions in visual arts, focusing on two-dimensional work, using the descriptors “arte popular” and “estética latina” resulting in three articles. In the second phase, two works were selected by an artist from Bolivia, participating in the exhibition “Conexão Santa Cruz”, held during FASP 2018, which were analyzed at their representational and symbolic levels. Through the interpretation of the images, it was possible to construct a reading on the artist’s perspective regarding her cultural conditions within the social order in which she is located.Keywords: Visual Arts. Folk Art. Regional Art. Latin America.Representación y simbolismo: artes visuales en la frontera de Brasil/BoliviaResumenTeniendo como campo de investigación el Festival de Sudamérica Pantanal (FASP) en 2018, en la ciudad de Corumbá (Brasil), el objetivo es identificar la materialidad y conceptos que permean las manifestaciones artísticas bidimensionales en esta región fronteriza, desde la percepción de artistas de Bolivia. La investigación se organizó en dos fases: en la primera, se realizó una encuesta en plataformas online de producciones académicas en artes visuales, con foco en el trabajo bidimensional, utilizando los descriptores “arte popular” y “estética latina” dando como resultado tres artículos. En la segunda fase, dos obras fueron seleccionadas por un artista de Bolivia, participante de la exposición “Conexão Santa Cruz”, realizada durante FASP 2018, que fueron analizadas en sus niveles representativos y simbólicos. A través de la interpretación de las imágenes, fue posible construir una lectura sobre la perspectiva de la artista sobre sus condiciones culturales dentro del orden social en el que se ubica.Palabras clave: Artes Visuales. Arte Popular. Arte Regional. América Latina.
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Romero Flores, Javier Reynaldo. "Aquello que llamamos danza: Danza-ritual y “danza artística” en Oruro, Bolivia." CALLE14: revista de investigación en el campo del arte 10, no. 16 (November 6, 2015): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/10.14483/udistrital.jour.c14.2015.2.a02.

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<p>Resumen</p><p>En el presente ensayo se enuncia y des-encubre a la danza como experiencia colectiva, conectada con el éxtasis celebratorio de la vida y alejada de las voces de los “especialistas”. Además, se la problematiza como creación artística, resultado de la relación entre “sujeto creador” y “objeto de arte”, y se pone en evidencia su sentido colonial y eurocéntrico. También se relata su proceso de cosificación con la llegada de la economía capitalista, la imposición del modelo neoliberal y la obsesión desbordada de este por las ganancias. Con ello se hace notar que la aparente valoración de la “danza folclórica” por parte de los Estados nacionales a fines del siglo XX fue parte de un proceso de encubrimiento para convertirla en mercancía. Palabras claves Danza-ritual, danza artística, arte, folclor, dinámica festiva, colonialidad.</p><p>Muiurii Sutikamkuna: miMuiuriikuna “suma muiurií Boliviapi Oruropi Sugllapi Kaipi willarikami imasa sugllapi kaugsakuna iachaikuna manda ancharingapa chiwa niri kagta iuiarispa muiuingapa chasara Kawangapa colonial Eurocentropas kasapimi iachari imasapi sugkuna iukagta neoliberal ima munaikuna iapa ganakungamanda chiwan xx watakunapi katunakurka. Ima suti Rimai Simi: Muiuriikuna, iachaikuska muiurií tunaikuna, dinámica, festiva, colonialidad.</p><p>What We Call Dance: Dance Ritual and “Artistic Dance” in Oruro, Bolivia. Abstract</p><p>Dance is named and un-concealed in this essay as a collective experience that is connected with the celebratory ecstasy of life, far away from the voices of the “specialists”. Furthermore, it is problematized as an artistic creation, the result of the relationship between the “creative subject” and the “art object”, and its colonial and Eurocentric sense is revealed. We also report on its process of objectification with the arrival of the capitalist economy, the imposition of the neoliberal model and its obsession with unrestrained profit. The apparent appreciation of “folk dance” coming from national states in the late twentieth century was part of a process of concealment to turn dance into merchandise. Keywords Dance ritual, artistic dance, art, folklore, festive dynamics, colonialism. </p><p> </p><p>Cela que nous appelons danse</p><p>Danse-rituelle et « danse artistique » dans l’Oruro, Bolivie Résumé Dans cet essai est énoncé et dé-couvert la danse comme expérience collective, en rapport avec l’extase célébratrice de la vie et éloignée des voix des « spécialistes ». En outre, elle est problé- matisée comme création artistique, résultat de la relation entre le « sujet créatif » et l’« objet d’art », et son sens colonial et eurocentrique est mis en évidence. Son processus de chosificacion est également décrit avec l’arrivée de l’économie capitaliste, l’imposition du modèle néo-libé- ral et l’obsession exagérée de celui-ci pour le profit. De cette façon nous faisons remarquer que la valorisation apparente de la « danse folklorique » par les États nationaux à la fin du XXe siècle a fait partie d’un processus de dissimulation afin de la transformer en marchandise. Mots clés Danse-rituelle, danse artistique, art, folklore, dynamique festive, colonialité. O que chamamos de dança: Dança-ritual e “ dança-artística” em Oruro, Bolívia Resumo Neste ensaio é afirmado e um-esconde dançar como experiência coletiva, conectado com o êxtase de comemoração da vida e longe das vozes dos “especialistas”. Além disso, é problematizada como uma criação artística, resultado da relação entre “ sujeito criativo “ e “ objeto de arte “ e destaca o sentido colonial e o eurocêntrico. O processo de objetivação também é relatado com a chegada da economia capitalista, a imposição do modelo neoliberal e essa obsessão oprimido por lucro. Trata-se notar que o valor aparente de “ dança folclórica “ por parte dos Estados nacionais no final do século XX foi parte de um processo de ocultação para transformá-la em mercadoria.</p><p>Palavras chaves</p><p>Dança-ritual, dança artística, arte, folclore, dinâmica festiva, colonialismo .</p>
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Nogales de Santivañez, Emma. "El abuso de la libertad de expresión y sus responsabilidades." Revista de Derecho de la UCB 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35319/lawreview.201716.

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La libertad de expresión es un derecho humano que está reconoci-do en la Constitución Política del Estado, en su Art. 21 inc. 3, y se halla también en tratados y convenios internacionales, de los cua-les el más importante a juicio de la autora, por ser a nivel inter-americano, es la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos o Pacto de San José de Costa Rica de 22 de noviembre de 1969. Esta convención ha sido ratificada por Bolivia, por tanto está en la obligación de cumplirla y establecer los mecanismos necesarios para exigir, a su vez, su cumplimiento.
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Camiño Leon, Tomás Erik. "Proyecto de ley del código penal de Bolivia para regular interrupción de embarazos inviables." Revista Lex 3, no. 7 (January 1, 2020): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33996/revistalex.v3i7.44.

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El Artículo 266 del Código Penal de Bolivia tipifica las causas para la interrupción de un embarazo, sin embargoadolece en cuanto a la tipificación de embarazos inviables. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo dar respuestaa esta problemática a través de una propuesta del Proyecto de Ley de Inclusión de un parágrafo en el Artículo266 que permita regular jurídicamente los casos de embarazos inviables cuando exista el diagnóstico de fetocon anencefalia. Es una investigación proyectiva fundamentada en un diagnóstico de necesidades, con un marcojurídico comparativo en el ámbito internacional y nacional. Para lo cual, se utilizaron las técnicas de la encuesta,la entrevista y el análisis documental. Los instrumentos fueron el cuestionario aplicado a 30 abogados penalistas,la guía de entrevistas realizadas a dos fiscales abogados y el análisis documental de las leyes sobre tipificaciónde embarazos inviables. Se diagnosticó la necesidad de expedir de forma clara y específica normas legales quepermita una adecuada aplicación de los principios constitucionales en Bolivia, en relación con los convenios ytratados internacionales en materias como derechos humanos, derechos sexuales y reproductivos, derechos deniños y adolescentes. Por lo tanto se propone: Art. 1. Agréguese un “parágrafo” al artículo 266 “que incorpore lainterrupción de un embarazo, certificado por un grupo de 3 facultativos la inviabilidad fetal por anencefalia”.
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Tomaszewski, Jarosław. "Populizm religijno-polityczny Eva Moralesa wyzwaniem dla Kościoła katolickiego." Annales Missiologici Posnanienses, no. 25 (December 31, 2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/amp.2020.25.5.

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The article shows the diffi cult problem of how to renew the dialogue between the Catholic Church, present in Bolivia since the sixteenth century and the populist regime of Evo Morales, nowadays expelled by the Bolivian opposition from his own country. The painful division of the Bolivian society into several distinctly separate groups is a huge missionary challenge for the Catholic Church in Bolivia. Catholicism cannot look indiff erently at the many social experiments conducted in the area of this very poor Andean country. What is required, is a radical change of the spiritual formation, which will lead effi ciently to a renewed reception of the Gospel in the free heart of the Bolivian nation.
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SWINEHART, KARL. "The Ch'ixi Blackness of Nación Rap's Aymara Hip-Hop." Journal of the Society for American Music 13, no. 4 (November 2019): 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196319000373.

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AbstractThis essay examines the music of Nación Rap, Aymara rappers of El Alto, Bolivia, as an expression of what Aymara sociologist Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui terms a ch'ixi cultural form, one that juxtaposes seeming opposites into a changed third. I look to earlier moments of Aymara and Quechua cultural production, specifically colonial New World Baroque art, to consider Aymara hip hop as another instance of ch'ixi cosmopolitanism. In examining the lyrical, musical, and visual elements of Nación Rap's performance, I argue that their music intervenes in local ideologies of race and Indigeneity. By reformulating what is understood as Aymara, by situating the Aymara language as poetically equivalent to the colonial lingua franca of Spanish, English, and French, and by wearing Aymara clothing and hairstyles in the performance of an urban musical genre with proximity to Blackness, these artists challenge dominant racial logics of their society.
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Field, Thomas C. "Union Busting as Development: Transnationalism, Empire and Kennedy's Secret Labour Programme for Bolivia." Journal of Latin American Studies 52, no. 1 (September 10, 2019): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x19000646.

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AbstractDrawing on archives from the US labour movement, personal papers of transnational labour organisers, Bolivian oral histories and press reports, and government records from four countries, this article explores a web of Cold War relationships forged between Bolivian workers and US government and labour officials. Uncovering a panoply of parallel and sometimes conflicting state-supported trade union development programmes, the article reveals governments’ inability to fully control the exuberance of ideologically-motivated labour activists. Rather than succeed in shoring up a civilian government as intended, US President John F. Kennedy's union-busting programme aggravated fissures in Bolivia's non-Communist Left, ultimately frustrating its attempt to steer a non-aligned posture in Latin America's Cold War. Employing transnational methods to bridge gaps between labour, development and diplomatic history, this article points toward a new imperial studies approach to the multi-sited conflicts that shaped the post-war trajectory of labour movements in Bolivia and throughout the Third World.
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Forgues, Jorge M. F. "Aproximación al requisito de la culpa por incumplimiento de obligación contractual en el Código Civil boliviano de 1975." Revista de Derecho de la UCB 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 9–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35319/lawreview.201715.

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La presente exploración constituye una aproximación al debate doctrinal entre posiciones subjetivas y objetivas clásicas, referidas a la responsabilidad civil del deudor que no cumple algún tipo de obligación contractual. Este debate se origina en el hecho de que, en el caso del sistema de imputación subjetivo, el deudor es libe-rado de responsabilidad cuando ha cumplido la diligencia que le es exigible por ley y este cumplimiento constituye a su vez causal de imposibilidad de cumplimiento no imputable a su voluntad. En contrapartida, en el sistema de imputación objetivo, el cumplimiento de las diligencias exigidas por ley, no constituye causa de imposibilidad de cumplimiento no imputable. El problema subya-cente a dicho debate, surge de la interpretación del contenido y la relación de los artículos 302 (diligencia del deudor) y 339 (Res-ponsabilidad del deudor que no cumple), del Código Civil bolivia-no de 1975 y de la confusión de las locuciones culpa-negligencia y culpa-incumplimiento. Como resultado, se ha formulado la hipó-tesis que sintéticamente afirma: es vana la discusión doctrinal en-tre las mencionadas posiciones, en razón a que ambos sistemas coexisten en el contenido del Art. 339 y que, la aplicación de una u otra, depende de la naturaleza de la obligación contractual incum-plida. Con el corolario que el Art. 302 debe ser interpretado res-trictivamente al ámbito de imputación subjetiva.
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Estevez, Lisandra. "The Art of Painting in Colonial Bolivia / El arte de la pintura en la Bolivia colonial. Suzanne L. Stratton-Pruitt. ed. Early Modern Catholicism and the Visual Arts 15. Philadelphia: Saint Joseph’s University Press, 2017. ix + 530 pp. $120." Renaissance Quarterly 71, no. 3 (2018): 1075–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/700455.

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Tomasini, Eugenia P., Fernando Marte, Valeria P. Careaga, Carlos Rúa Landa, Gabriela Siracusano, and Marta S. Maier. "Virtuous colours for Mary. Identification of lapis lazuli, smalt and cochineal in the Andean colonial image of Our Lady of Copacabana (Bolivia)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2082 (December 13, 2016): 20160047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0047.

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The image of Our Lady of Copacabana, a gilded polychrome sculpture carved in maguey wood in 1583, is one of the most important devotions in the Americas. In former research, we have identified the use of gypsum, Armenian bole, cerussite and atacamite in its polychromy. In this study, a red sample taken from the Virgin's tunic and a blue sample extracted from the cloak have been analysed with the aim to identify both pigments and offer insights into the painting technique. Analysis by micro-Raman spectroscopy complemented with scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography allowed the identification of carmine lake in the red sample. Analysis by micro-Raman spectroscopy of the surface of the blue sample and its cross section showed the presence of smalt—the blue-glass pigment—over a cerussite layer, bathed by a very thin ultramarine layer—from a probable native origin—following a pictorial tradition that would last even until the eighteenth century. This is the first time that lapis lazuli has been scientifically identified in a Spanish American colonial painted layer. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.
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Avila-Sosa, Raúl, Andrés Felipe Montero-Rodríguez, Patricia Aguilar-Alonso, Obdulia Vera-López, Martin Lazcano-Hernández, Julio César Morales-Medina, and Addí Rhode Navarro-Cruz. "Antioxidant Properties of Amazonian Fruits: A Mini Review of In Vivo and In Vitro Studies." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (February 17, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8204129.

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Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana share an area of 7,295,710 km2 of the Amazon region. It is estimated that the Amazonian forest offers the greatest flora and fauna biodiversity on the planet and on its surface could cohabit 50% of the total existing living species; according to some botanists, it would contain about 16-20% of the species that exist today. This region has native fruit trees in which functional properties are reported as antioxidant and antiproliferative characteristics. Amazon plants offer a great therapeutic potential attributed to the content of bioactive phytochemicals. The aim of this mini review is to examine the state of the art of the main bioactive components of the most studied Amazonian plants. Among the main functional compounds reported were phenolic compounds, unsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, phytosterols, and tocopherols, with flavonoids and carotenoids being the groups of greatest interest. The main beneficial effect reported has been the antioxidant effect, evaluated in most of the fruits investigated; other reported functional properties were antimicrobial, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, analgesic, immunomodulatory, anticancer, bronchodilator, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory, including hypercholesterolemic effects, leishmanicidal activity, induction of apoptosis, protective action against diabetes, gastroprotective activity, and antidepressant effects.
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Antaki, Berea, and Katalin Medvedev. "Bolivian textile crafts and the subversion of institutionalized sustainability." Clothing Cultures 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/cc_00031_1.

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This article describes the tensions between institutionalized and grassroots forms of sustainability and their subsequent effects on textile artisans in La Paz, Bolivia. Principles of the indigenous cosmology Suma Qamaña are applied to the twenty-first-century challenge of environmental degradation and governmental corruption in the description of craft practices at two artisan collectives in La Paz. Suma Qamaña is an expression of the harmonious and respectful coexistence of humans with nature, which entails communal values and reciprocal resource management principles. The study highlights grassroots, practical solutions that encourage economic and environmental sustainability for textile cooperatives in Bolivia. Through extensive participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study seeks to understand how the lives of artisans are affected by the Bolivian government’s appropriation of the Suma Qamaña cosmology. The current political party, the Movimiento al Socialismo, has gained popular support in Bolivia partly by institutionalizing the inherent rights of nature in the national constitution. Despite this, the government continues to pursue extractive natural resource policies. To counter this, Bolivian textile artisans practise their own version of bottom-up sustainability, which does not rely on government institutions to enforce change. The artisans’ situated practices, traditional knowledge base and the inherently sustainable characteristics of craft production ‐ flexible, small-scale, localized and resilient ‐ reflect potential trends and alternatives for apparel production.
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Haynes, Nell. "Kiss with a fist." Journal of Language and Sexuality 5, no. 2 (September 16, 2016): 250–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.5.2.06hay.

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Lucha libre, a form of exhibition wrestling, has recently gained popularity in Bolivia, thanks to mixed-gender matches featuring traditionally-dressed women known as the cholitas luchadoras. Within their matches, the act of kissing is often used as a form of humiliating an opponent. This article explores the convergence of eroticism and humiliation in these kisses as an entry point for a broader understanding of the deployment of power in the Bolivian context. Taking both the symbolic language of bodies in the ring and audience discourses about that action, I explore how associations between humiliation and demasculinization may reinforce the potency of masculinity as a position of power. Further, seeing the chola as representative of the Bolivian nation helps us to understand the ways that humiliation works as a recognizable trope for Bolivian audiences, lending import to these seemingly superficial performances.
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PERGER, ROBERT, and GONZALO D. RUBIO. "Contributions to the knowledge of Neotropical ant-like spiders: Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. from Bolivian Chiquitano forest, a new country record for M. niger, and indirect evidence for species-specific mimicry (Araneae: Corinnidae: Castianeirinae)." Zootaxa 4790, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4790.1.9.

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Myrmecotypus tahyinandu sp. n. is described from the Bolivian Chiquitano forest, and M. niger Chickering, 1937 is recorded from Bolivia for the first time. The morphological differentiation among the closely related M. tahyinandu sp. n. and M. iguazu Rubio & Arbino, 2009 is likely attributable to the selection for specific ant mimicry. Adults of M. tahyinandu sp. n. are accurate mimics of the ant Camponotus crassus Mayr, 1862, M. iguazu of C. sericeiventris (Guérin-Méneville, 1838), and M. niger of Dolichoderus bispinosus (Olivier, 1792). This study is the first to identify ant models for morphologically closely related Castianeirinae, providing a promising starting point for future research on ant mimicry.
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Mehrnusch, Manutschehr. "Bolivina beyri Reuss (Foraminifera), eine heteromorphe Art aus dem deutschen Tertiär." Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereins 82 (April 25, 2000): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/jmogv/82/2000/223.

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Salas, Elisa, Julio Gabriel, and Marcelo Huarte. "Visibility: The challenge of the Latin American Potato Journal." Revista Latinoamericana de la Papa 22, no. 2 (August 4, 2019): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37066/ralap.v22i2.315.

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In this work, the “state of art” of the Latin American Potato Journal is analyzed, as a means of scientific and technical diffusion of the potato crop, which is published by the Latin American Potato Association (LAPA). The objectives of the document are: i) to make a current analysis of the Journal and its challenges in the world of information and ii) to share the strategy developed for achieving visibility. The journal has a biannual frequency (June and December). Original and unpublished articles are accepted in biotechnologies, genomics, physiology, nutrition and fertilization of crops, genetics and plant breeding,entomology, phytopathology, integrated phytoprotection, agroecology, malherbology, geomatics, soils, water and irrigation, postharvest and agro-industrialization, rural development and agro-business, agricultural economy and marketing of agriculturalproducts. Since 1988, the LAPA Journal has published 25 issues. Twelve invited articles, 170 scientific articles, 25 short communications and 8 reviews, totaling 215 publications. From this total, 29% are from Bolivia, 23% from Peru, 13% from Argentina, 8% from Colombia, 8% from Ecuador, 4% from Venezuela, 3% from Mexico and 4% from Brazil. Countries such as Spain, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Nicaragua, Chile, USA and Denmark have contributed 1% each country. The main publication topics were in phytopathology, entomology, plant breeding, agronomy and physiology, agro-industry, genetics resources, participatory methodologies and economics, seed production, biotechnology and microbiology.
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Suzuki, Taku. "BECOMING “JAPANESE” IN BOLIVIA: OKINAWAN-BOLIVIAN TRANS(NATIONAL)FORMATIONS IN COLONIA OKINAWA1." Identities 13, no. 3 (September 2006): 455–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10702890600839652.

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Plumpton, Heather J., Francis E. Mayle, and Bronwen S. Whitney. "Long-term impacts of mid-Holocene drier climatic conditions on Bolivian tropical dry forests." Quaternary Research 93 (October 28, 2019): 204–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.55.

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AbstractThe Bolivian Chiquitano dry forest is the largest block of intact seasonally dry tropical forest in South America and is a priority ecoregion for conservation due to its high threat status. However, the long-term impacts of drier climatic conditions on tropical dry forests are not well understood, despite climate models predicting increased droughts over Bolivia in the coming century. In this paper, we assess the impacts of drier climatic conditions during the mid-Holocene on the Bolivian Chiquitano tropical dry forest using fossilised pollen, phytoliths, macro-charcoal, and geochemical proxies from a sediment core from a large lake (Laguna Mandioré) on the Bolivia–Brazil border. Our results show that drier climatic conditions during the mid-Holocene caused a local-scale, ecotonal expansion of upland savannah at the expense of dry forest. Interaction between drier climatic conditions and fire regime likely exerted a stronger control over the position of the dry forest–savannah ecotone than edaphic factors. However, the majority of the dry forest within the lake catchment maintained a closed canopy throughout the drier conditions of the mid-Holocene, despite floristic turnover towards more drought-tolerant taxa. These findings imply overall resilience of the Chiquitano dry forest biome to future drought, albeit with floristic changes and upland savannah encroachment at ecotones.
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Léons, Madeline Barbara. "Risk and Opportunity in the Coca/Cocaine Economy of the Bolivian Yungas." Journal of Latin American Studies 25, no. 1 (February 1993): 121–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00000390.

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Bolivia is one of the poorest countries of the hemisphere and its rural people have among the lowest life expectancy, health-care standards and educational levels of all Latin Americans. It is the only country in South America with a ranking of ‘low’ on the Human Development Index for 1991 compiled by the United Nations, a measure combining the per capita product with such factors as longevity and access to education. At the same time, the most valuable export of the country, cocaine, depends on the coca supplied by peasant cultivators in the regions where it grows. The explosion of the international cocaine trade has had profound repercussions, both positive and negative, on the lives of the campesinos of the Bolivian Yungas, who happened to supply, since colonial times and before, the coca destined for traditional consumption within the country; it was their most reliable cash crop. The conversion of their ancient crop to an illicit commodity of high, concentrated value has created the opportunity for some to experience a marginally enhanced standard of living (at a time when other rural Bolivians were seeing their own abysmal standard depressed even further), but at the same time has increased the risks they would run if they entered the lucrative but illegal cocaine trade.
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DUNKERLEY, JAMES. "The Bolivian Revolution at 60: Politics and Historiography." Journal of Latin American Studies 45, no. 2 (May 2013): 325–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x13000382.

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AbstractThe 60th anniversary of the Bolivian Revolution of 1952 led by the MNR provided an opportunity to review a Latin American political experience of disputed importance in the light of the government of the MAS under Evo Morales since 2006. This essay reappraises the historiography of 1952 from the perspective of MNR officialism and from critical positions, particularly those associated with indigenismo or Katarismo. Bolivia hoy, an influential collection of essays edited by René Zavaleta Mercado in 1983, is identified as a key moment in changing interpretations of the 1952 revolution.
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Tola, Miriam. "Between Pachamama and Mother Earth: Gender, Political Ontology and the Rights of Nature in Contemporary Bolivia." Feminist Review 118, no. 1 (April 2018): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41305-018-0100-4.

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Focusing on contemporary Bolivia, this article examines promises and pitfalls of political and legal initiatives that have turned Pachamama into a subject of rights. The conferral of rights on the indigenous earth being had the potential to unsettle the Western ontological distinction between active human subjects who engage in politics and passive natural resources. This essay, however, highlights some paradoxical effects of the rights of nature in Bolivia, where Evo Morales’ model of development relies on the intensification of the export-oriented extractive economy. Through the analysis of a range of texts, including paintings, legal documents, political speeches and activist interventions, I consider the equivocation between the normatively gendered Mother Earth that the state recognises as the subject of rights, and the figure of Pachamama evoked by feminist and indigenous activists. Pachamama, I suggest, has been incorporated into the Bolivian state as a being whose generative capacities have been translated into a rigid gender binary. As a gendered subject of rights, Pachamama/Mother Earth is exposed to governmental strategies that ultimately increase its subordination to state power. The concluding remarks foreground the import of feminist perspectives in yielding insights concerning political ontological conflicts.
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Lowrey, Kathleen. "Incommensurability and new economic strategies among indigenous and traditional peoples." Journal of Political Ecology 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v15i1.21688.

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This article takes as a central problem why both a tiny laboratory and an enormous national park were almost simultaneously established in a remote tropical Bolivian indigenous community (Isoso) in the mid-1990s. Both projects – laboratory and the park – were oriented to non-economic values: the laboratory to those of traditional medicine and culture and the park to those of unspoiled nature. However, Isoseño people were particularly attentive to the projects' economic value, exploring the ways these might act as wellsprings of money revenue. The analysis presented here suggests that the tension among divergent orders of value that characterizes the contemporary global situation can present special opportunities, and not just challenges, to indigenous and traditional peoples living in places like Isoso. The essay brings together discussions of "incommensurability" made separately in recent cultural anthropological and ecological economic literature in order to show how and why this is so.Key words: indigenous peoples, economic strategies, traditional medicine, incommensurability, Bolivia, national park
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Salazar Sanchez, Cristian Gonzalo, and Mauricio Arnoldo Cárcamo Pino. "Acerca del “lenguaje” de las manos (manuaje). Una conversación con Mauricio Cárcamo." Arte, Individuo y Sociedad 33, no. 4 (July 12, 2021): 1481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/aris.76611.

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En esta entrevista conversamos sobre acción manual y representación arquitectónica con el arquitecto chileno Mauricio Cárcamo. Este ha sido académico, investigador y/o consultor en diversas entidades como la Universidad de Chile, la Universidad de São Paulo, la Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, el Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, entre otras instituciones latinoamericanas. Desde 2011 ha levantado una línea de investigación ligada a la cognición corporeizada en arquitectura, avocándose al estudio especializado del vínculo cognitivo/enactivo entre la acción manual (manuaje) e inteligencia sensomotriz implicadas en la acción proyectual, sus representaciones, prácticas y alcances en arquitectura, educación, lingüística, semiótica, biología, psicología, neurociencia y filosofía, entre otros. En 2017 ha publicado, junto a diversos autores, el libro/objeto «CUBOOK. 1200 gramos destinados a discurrir en torno al manoaje», obra expuesta en bienales, museos y conferencias diversas. La entrevista fue realizada en La Paz, Bolivia en noviembre de 2018, durante el Workshop «Del problema a la acción», dirigido por Cárcamo en la Facultad de Arquitectura, Artes, Diseño y Urbanismo de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA); y en la carrera de arquitectura de la Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo (UCB-SP).
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WOLFF, JONAS. "Towards Post-Liberal Democracy in Latin America? A Conceptual Framework Applied to Bolivia." Journal of Latin American Studies 45, no. 1 (February 2013): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x12000843.

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AbstractRecent political changes across Latin America that challenge mainstream conceptions of liberal democracy have led to speculation about some kind of post-liberal democracy possibly emerging in the region. Up to now, however, there has been no systematic assessment of this proposition or any explicit conception of post-liberal democracy. This article fills this research gap by proposing a conceptual framework for analysing political change in the direction of post-liberal democracy, in Latin America and beyond, and probes the plausibility of this framework in a case study of Bolivia. It shows that the concept of post-liberal democracy helps us make sense of the contemporary transformation of Bolivian democracy and that it has comparative advantages over alternative conceptual frameworks such as radical populism and defective – that is, illiberal or delegative – democracy.
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Ramos Sosa, Rafael. "Un cáliz de Juan de Astorga en Bolivia." Archivo Español de Arte 75, no. 297 (March 30, 2002): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aearte.2002.v75.i297.361.

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Schevill, Margot Blum. "Books Received and Noted:A Quillwork Companion: An Illustrated Guide to Techniques of Porcupine Quill Decoration;Ancient Peruvian Textiles;Northern Athapaskan Art: A Beadwork Tradition;Gravelle Andean Folk Knitting: Traditions and Techniques from Peru and Bolivia;Salish Indian Sweaters." Museum Anthropology 15, no. 2 (May 1991): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mua.1991.15.2.40.

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Miranda, Bruno. "La migración de retorno vista a través de la circularidad. Desplazamientos entre Bolivia y Brasil." Andamios Revista de Investigación Social 16, no. 41 (November 5, 2019): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.29092/uacm.v16i41.725.

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Las movilidades en Sudamérica conforman un sistema migratorio propio; en el caso de Bolivia y Brasil, los flujos se adecuan a los altibajos de la industria de la confección de São Paulo. Por lo mismo, son movimientos circulares, que implican retornos sucesivos. En este sentido, hablar sencillamente de migración de retorno, vuelve borroso el uso dinámico del espacio entre las ciudades de El Alto y São Paulo. A través de la descripción y análisis de las trayectorias de movilidades de una familia boliviana, y con el uso de nociones como la circularidad migratoria y la reversibilidad, este artículo construye un marco analítico desde el que se pueda considerar la migración de retorno dentro de un patrón caracterizado por ciclos.
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Gudynas, Eduardo. "La dimensión ecológica del buen vivir: entre el fantasma de la modernidad y el desafío biocéntrico." OBETS. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, no. 4 (December 15, 2009): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/obets2009.4.05.

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Las tensiones generadas cuando el concepto de buen vivir aborda la dimensión ambiental quedan en claro al comparar las nuevas constituciones de Bolivia y Ecuador. Mientras que en Ecuador se reconocen los derechos propios de la Naturaleza, y se apunta a una postura biocéntrica, la postura boliviana insiste en que un Estado debe industrializar los recursos naturales. Esto expresa la persistencia de aspectos propios de la Modernidad, con un antropocentrismo asentado en el dualismo Naturaleza-sociedad. El buen vivir necesariamente debe incorporar una dimensión ambiental, que desde el biocentrismo, le permita superar la herencia moderna, y transitar a otros desarrollos, con otra relación con la Naturaleza, seguramente más austeros, pero más equitativos.
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Contreras, Manuel E. "Debt, Taxes, and War: The Political Economy of Bolivia, c. 1920–1935." Journal of Latin American Studies 22, no. 1-2 (March 1990): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00015455.

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During the first thirty years of this century the Bolivian economy provided a classic example of export-led growth. Mining, with tin at the forefront, responded to the stimulus of both world demand and price, and was the leading sector of the economy. Tin exports increased five-fold from 1900 to 1929, and Bolivia's share of world production more than doubled, accounting for approximately a quarter of total world production from 1918 to 1929.
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Cordero, Marcelo. "Red de microcines - Bolivia." Cinémas d’Amérique latine, no. 19 (December 1, 2011): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cinelatino.1153.

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Liu, Kam-biu, Carl A. Reese, and Lonnie G. Thompson. "Ice-Core Pollen Record of Climatic Changes in the Central Andes during the last 400 yr." Quaternary Research 64, no. 2 (September 2005): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.06.001.

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AbstractThis paper presents a high-resolution ice-core pollen record from the Sajama Ice Cap, Bolivia, that spans the last 400 yr. The pollen record corroborates the oxygen isotopic and ice accumulation records from the Quelccaya Ice Cap and supports the scenario that the Little Ice Age (LIA) consisted of two distinct phases�"a wet period from AD 1500 to 1700, and a dry period from AD 1700 to 1880. During the dry period xerophytic shrubs expanded to replace puna grasses on the Altiplano, as suggested by a dramatic drop in the Poaceae/Asteraceae (P/A) pollen ratio. The environment around Sajama was probably similar to the desert-like shrublands of the Southern Bolivian Highlands and western Andean slopes today. The striking similarity between the Sajama and Quelccaya proxy records suggests that climatic changes during the Little Ice Age occurred synchronously across the Altiplano.
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Hess, John. ": The Art and Politics of Bolivian Cinema . Jose Sanchez-H." Film Quarterly 53, no. 3 (April 2000): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2000.53.3.04a00140.

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Langer, Erick D. "Diplomacy and Trade: The Current Contradictory Relations between the United States and Bolivia." Bolivian Studies Journal/Revista de Estudios Bolivianos 25 (May 11, 2020): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/bsj.2019.199.

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Diplomatic relations between Bolivia and the United States have been difficult since Evo Morales became president in 2006. Despite these poor relations and even despite the abrogation of the ATPDEA (Andean Trade Promotion and Drug Eradication Act) in 2008, commerce between Bolivia and the United States has increased more than during governments allied with the United States. These conclusions show that the state of diplomatic relations are not necessarily indicative of the intensity of trade between countries.
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Le Pont, François, Sergio Mollinedo, Jean Mouchet, and Philippe Desjeux. "Leishmaniose en Bolivie: IV. Le chien dans les cycles des leishmanioses en Bolivie." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 84, no. 3 (September 1989): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761989000300019.

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En Bolivie le chien domestique est impliqué dans le cycle de la leishmaniose viscérale (Leishmania (Le.) chagasi) das les Yungas (alt. 1,000-2,000 m) et aussi dans le cycle de la leishmaniose tégumetaire (Le. (V.) braziliensis) dans l'Alto Beni (alt. 400-600 m). Mais il joue un rôle différent dans les deux cycles. Il est le prencipal résevoir, peut-être l'unique de Le. (Le.) chagasi dans les Yungas, et la source de contamination de l'home. Dans l'Alto Beni, il n'est seulement qu'une victime, comme l'home, de Le. (V.) braziliensis, dont le réservoir reste inconnu, les soupçons se portant sur des mammifères sauvages.
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Jones, James. "Development: Reflections from Bolivia." Human Organization 56, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.56.1.fw2602755528651m.

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The results of development are now widely thought to have betrayed expectations. Using illustrations from Bolivia, this essay argues that these dispiriting results often owe to distortions that render development something other than what it pretends to be, or is usually understood to be. The distortions derive from the use of inappropriate mental constructs, from links to foreign policy, from "expert" ignorance, and from weak sensitivity by development agencies to how their interventions are construed by local economic and power elites. While these agencies have formal mechanisms to correct some of the distortions, the mechanisms too often fail to work. Correcting these distortions is a daunting task, rooted as they are deep in national institutions and conceptions of national interest. The end of the Cold War nonetheless affords an auspicious moment for doing so. Indeed, not to is to risk turmoil in regions like Latin America. Yet international capitalist powers and local elites are not seizing the moment; exulting in victory, they continue down old paths. Further alarming is the anti-aid sentiment in the United States and Europe, with consequent political advocacy ranging from abolishment to varying degrees of reform under large budget cuts.
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Brewer-Osorio, Susan. "Turning Over a New Leaf: A Subnational Analysis of ‘Coca Yes, Cocaine No’ in Bolivia." Journal of Latin American Studies 53, no. 3 (June 16, 2021): 573–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x21000456.

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AbstractInternational pressure to suppress cocaine trafficking sustained decades of harsh drug laws in Bolivia against cocaleros (coca producers), thus affecting coca production for traditional consumption and for manufacturing illicit cocaine. These harsh drug laws caused social unrest in cocalero communities outside traditional coca zones. President Evo Morales, leader of the Movimiento al Socialismo (Movement toward Socialism, MAS) party, implemented ‘Coca Yes, Cocaine No’ (CYCN), a harm-reduction strategy that authorised ‘non-traditional’ farmers to cultivate legal coca and self-police production. This article compares CYCN outcomes in Bolivia's traditional and non-traditional coca regions and finds that strong cocalero organisations were vital to CYCN success in non-traditional areas. In contrast, organised resistance in traditional zones restricted CYCN success and added to regime instability in the lead-up to Morales’ forced resignation in 2019. Hence, while Morales harnessed state power to change drug policy, he was constrained by the rural grassroots organisations that brought him to power.
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Rojas Benavente, Noelia, and Joel Rojas Acuña. "Estudio de la dinámica del espesor óptico de los aerosoles en Perú y América del Sur a partir de las imágenes MODIS de los satélites TERRA y AQUA en el periodo 2000-2013." Revista de Investigación de Física 18, no. 1 (July 15, 2015): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rif.v18i1.11577.

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El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la dinámica de los aerosoles en el Perú y América del Sur entre las latitudes 4°N-24°S y las longitudes 83°W-33°W, a partir de las imágenes de los promedios mensuales del espesor óptico de los aerosoles, Aerosol Optical Thickness, AOT, en la longitud de onda de 550 nm medidos por el sensor MODIS, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, a bordo de los satélites TERRA y AQUA, para un periodo de catorce años, del 2000 al 2013. Se han usado los datos AOT in-situ en los horarios de 6 estaciones AERONET de América del Sur que incluyen cuatro de Brasil, tales como, Rio Branco, Paraná Ji, Alta Foresta y Campo Grande; uno de Chile, la estación de Arica y uno de Bolivia, la estación de La Paz; además incorporamos 166 datos imágenes AOT-MODIS-TERRA de los productos mensuales obtenidos para un periodo del 2000 al 2013 y 138 datos imágenes AOT-MODIS-AQUA de los productos mensuales obtenidos para un periodo del 2002 al 2013 estimados a partir de la herramienta de visulaización y análisis vía Web Giovanni con una resolución de 1°×1°, es decir, de 110 km×110 km. La serie de tiempos AOT-MODIS-TERRA tienen valores máximos y mínimos entre 0.0 y 0.499 y sus valores máximos se ubican en la temporada seca del Hemisferio Sur, entre agosto a noviembre, durante los 14 años. La serie de tiempos AOT-MODIS-AQUA tienen valores máximos y mínimos entre 0.0 y 0.493 y sus valores máximos se ubican en la temporada seca, durante los 12 años. La serie de tiempos AOT-AERONET en las cuatro estaciones de Brasil muestra una variación estacional con máximos en la estación seca durante los 14 años, mientras que, en las estaciones de Chile y Bolivia se muestra una variación estacional muy diferente a los datos AOT/MODIS, teniendo pocos registros de datos AOT. Las gráficas de dispersión de las series de tiempo AOT-MODIS vs AOT-AERONET muestran una alta correlación de 0.8 a 0.9 en cuatro estaciones de Brasil y una correlación baja de 0.33 a 0.39 en la estación de Chile y de 0.13 a 0.19 en la estación de Bolivia.
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47

Hess, John. "Review: The Art and Politics of Bolivian Cinema by José Sanchez-H." Film Quarterly 53, no. 3 (2000): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1213743.

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48

Ricciardi, Guillermo Alejandro, Gustavo Daniel Ricciardi, Martín Alejandro Perez, Aldo Alexis Bustos, Vilma Soliz, Fernando Locaso, Fernando Mucci, Ernesto García Tornadú, and Daniel Oscar Ricciardi. "Lo que no te contaron de las fracturas de fémur. [What nobody told you about femur fractures.]." Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología 81, no. 2 (May 11, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15417/436.

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Abstract:
<p>Este trabajo relaciona la bibliografía con la experiencia de nuestros cirujanos para afrontar dificultades con un instrumental defectuoso en el tratamiento de fracturas de fémur con osteosíntesis endomedulares y estimar la existencia de un canal de reclamo.</p><p><strong>Objetivos</strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong>Enumerar inconvenientes técnicos presentados en cirugías de fémur.<strong> 3. </strong>Comparar diferentes centros y problemas afrontados. <strong>4. </strong>Estimar canales de reclamo.</p><p><strong>Material y Métodos</strong></p><p><strong>1: </strong>Estudio retrospectivo observacional descriptivo sobre las historias clínicas y archivo radiológico de nuestra institución. <strong>2: </strong>Encuesta on-line enviada a traumatólogos generales. <strong>3:</strong> Consulta con ANMAT, IRAM, Ministerio de Salud de la ciudad y la Nación.</p><p><strong>Resultados: </strong></p><p><strong>1.</strong> 31 pacientes con fracturas de fémur tratados con osteosíntesis endomedulares entre enero de 2008 a agosto de 2013. Se documentaron 19 casos de fallas o defectos del instrumental de colocación en 15 pacientes. Los problemas más frecuentes fueron las guías y las mechas.<strong> 3. </strong>270 respuestas. 19 provincias nacionales. Respuestas de Colombia, Ecuador, Italia, Australia y Bolivia. Se obtuvieron 180 respuestas de centros privados y 90 de centros públicos. <strong>4. </strong>4 vías de reclamo: ANMAT bajo el programa de Tecnovigilancia, IRAM por el incumplimiento de las Normas ISO 9001, Ministerio de Salud por incumplimiento de la resolución 255 y por incumplimiento de la Ley Básica de Salud 153 Art. 12 (ítem k y l) y AAOT, en la subcomisión de Implantes.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusión</strong></p><p><strong></strong>Queda explicita la diferencia entre hospitales públicos y centros privados donde en estos últimos las estadísticas fueron favorables. El medio laboral solo definió prevalencia de inconvenientes técnicos pero los tipos de inconvenientes fueron los mismos. Existen formas y recursos para denunciar y enfrentar esta problemática.</p><p> </p>
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49

Cordero, Marcelo. "Réseau de microcinéma - Bolivie." Cinémas d’Amérique latine, no. 19 (December 1, 2011): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/cinelatino.1160.

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50

Godoy, Ricardo, Jonathan Morduch, and David Bravo. "Technological Adoption in Rural Cochabamba, Bolivia." Journal of Anthropological Research 54, no. 3 (October 1998): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.54.3.3630652.

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