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Journal articles on the topic 'Bolivian Altiplano'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Parkinson, Michael, Sandra M. O’Neill, and John P. Dalton. "Controlling fasciolosis in the Bolivian Altiplano." Trends in Parasitology 23, no. 6 (June 2007): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2007.04.002.

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2

Valero, M. A., M. D. Marcos, A. M. Comes, M. Sendra, and S. Mas-Coma. "Comparison of adult liver flukes from highland and lowland populations of Bolivian and Spanish sheep." Journal of Helminthology 73, no. 4 (April 1999): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x99000578.

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A morphological study of adult liver flukes and eggs from sheep in a human fascioliasis endemic zone in the Northern Bolivian Altiplano showed that they belong to the species Fasciola hepatica. An exhaustive morphometric comparison with a F. hepatica population from Spanish sheep was made using image analysis and an allometric model: (y2m - y2)]#x002F;y2 = c[(y1m - y1)/y1]b, where y1 = body surface or body length, y2 = one of the measurements analysed, y1m, y2m = maximum values towards which y1 and y2 respectively tend, and c, b = constants. Only slight allometric differences in worms were observed despite the geographic distance between both Spanish and Bolivian sheep populations and the very high altitude of the Bolivian Altiplano.

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3

PARKINSON, M., S. M. O'NEILL, and J. P. DALTON. "Endemic human fasciolosis in the Bolivian Altiplano." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 4 (October 26, 2006): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880600728x.

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SUMMARYFasciolosis, caused by trematodes of the genusFasciola, is an emerging disease of humans. One of the highest levels of human fasciolosis hepatica is found amongst the indigenous Aymaran people of the Northern Bolivian Altiplano. A meta-analysis of epidemiological surveys from 38 communities in the region demonstrates that fasciolosis has been endemic in the region since at least 1984 and is a zoonosis of rural communities. Human and bovine fasciolosis is associated with the communities lying in the plain from Lake Titicaca to La Paz, predominantly in the Los Andes province. In Los Andes incidences of up to 67% of population cohorts were found, and prevalence is age-related with the highest infection rate in children aged 8–11 years.

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4

Davidson, J. P., and Shanaka L. de Silva. "Late Cenozoic magmatism of the Bolivian Altiplano." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 119, no. 4 (May 1, 1995): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050050.

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5

Davidson, Jon P., and Shanaka L. de Silva. "Late Cenozoic magmatism of the Bolivian Altiplano." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 119, no. 4 (April 1995): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00286937.

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6

Argollo, Jaime, and Philippe Mourguiart. "Late Quaternary climate history of the Bolivian Altiplano." Quaternary International 72, no. 1 (October 2000): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(00)00019-7.

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7

Ritz, Michel, Francis Bondoux, Gérard Hérail, and Thomas Sempéré. "A magnetotelluric survey in the Northern Bolivian Altiplano." Geophysical Research Letters 18, no. 3 (March 1991): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91gl00518.

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8

Williams, W. D., T. R. Carrick, I. A. E. Bayly, J. Green, and D. B. Herbst. "Invertebrates in salt lakes of the Bolivian Altiplano." International Journal of Salt Lake Research 4, no. 1 (March 1995): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01992415.

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9

Alanoca, L., S. Guédron, D. Amouroux, S. Audry, M. Monperrus, E. Tessier, S. Goix, D. Acha, P. Seyler, and D. Point. "Synergistic effects of mining and urban effluents on the level and distribution of methylmercury in a shallow aquatic ecosystem of the Bolivian Altiplano." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 18, no. 12 (2016): 1550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6em00547k.

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Lake Uru Uru (3686 m a.s.l.) located in the Bolivian Altiplano region receives both mining effluents and urban wastewater discharges originating from the surrounding local cities which are under rapid development.

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10

Liu, Kam-biu, Carl A. Reese, and Lonnie G. Thompson. "Ice-Core Pollen Record of Climatic Changes in the Central Andes during the last 400 yr." Quaternary Research 64, no. 2 (September 2005): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.06.001.

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AbstractThis paper presents a high-resolution ice-core pollen record from the Sajama Ice Cap, Bolivia, that spans the last 400 yr. The pollen record corroborates the oxygen isotopic and ice accumulation records from the Quelccaya Ice Cap and supports the scenario that the Little Ice Age (LIA) consisted of two distinct phases�"a wet period from AD 1500 to 1700, and a dry period from AD 1700 to 1880. During the dry period xerophytic shrubs expanded to replace puna grasses on the Altiplano, as suggested by a dramatic drop in the Poaceae/Asteraceae (P/A) pollen ratio. The environment around Sajama was probably similar to the desert-like shrublands of the Southern Bolivian Highlands and western Andean slopes today. The striking similarity between the Sajama and Quelccaya proxy records suggests that climatic changes during the Little Ice Age occurred synchronously across the Altiplano.

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11

Esteban, J. G., R. Angles, S. Mas-Coma, C. Aguirre, and L. R. Ash. "Balantidiasis in Aymara children from the northern Bolivian Altiplano." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 59, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 922–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1998.59.922.

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12

Placzek, C. J., J. Quade, and P. J. Patchett. "A 130ka reconstruction of rainfall on the Bolivian Altiplano." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 363 (February 2013): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.017.

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13

Hippe, Kristina, Tiemen Gordijn, Vincenzo Picotti, Irka Hajdas, John D. Jansen, Marcus Christl, Christof Vockenhuber, Colin Maden, Naki Akçar, and Susan Ivy-Ochs. "Fluvial dynamics and14C-10Be disequilibrium on the Bolivian Altiplano." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44, no. 3 (November 20, 2018): 766–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4529.

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14

Egger, Joseph, Luis Blacutt, Flavio Ghezzi, Richard Heinrich, Philip Kolb, Stephan Lämmlein, Martin Leeb, et al. "Diurnal Circulation of the Bolivian Altiplano. Part I: Observations." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 4 (April 2005): 911–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr2894.1.

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In July and August 2003 a field campaign was conducted to explore the diurnal circulation of the Bolivian Altiplano. Vertical soundings by remote-controlled aircraft yielded profiles of temperature, pressure, and humidity at six passes and in a valley. Pilot balloon observations provided wind profiles. Two permanent stations collected additional data. Typically, inflow toward the Altiplano commences a few hours after sunrise at about the time when the stable nocturnal layer near the ground is transformed by the solar heating into an almost neutrally stratified convective boundary layer. The depth of the inflow layer is comparable to but normally less than that of this boundary layer. There are indications of return flow aloft. The inflow continues at least until sunset. Moisture is imported at the passes leading to the Yungas in the east. Strong upvalley flows were found in the valley of the Rio de La Paz, which connects the wide canyon of La Paz with the tropical lowlands to the east. Inflow was absent at one of the passes despite favorable synoptic conditions. Cases of synoptically forced flows are presented as well where the diurnal signal is difficult to separate. A simple flow scheme is presented that fits the observations reasonably well.

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15

Eberhardt, Nikki C., Steven R. Hawks, Willy Mendoza, and Maxima Mendoza. "Participatory Evaluation on the Bolivian Altiplano: Collaboration and Empowerment." Promotion & Education 11, no. 1 (March 2004): 6–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175797590401100101.

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16

GARCIA, M. "Dynamics of reference evapotranspiration in the Bolivian highlands (Altiplano)." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 125, no. 1-2 (September 2004): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.03.005.

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17

Garcia, M., D. Raes, S. E. Jacobsen, and T. Michel. "Agroclimatic constraints for rainfed agriculture in the Bolivian Altiplano." Journal of Arid Environments 71, no. 1 (October 2007): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.02.005.

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18

Bjorland, Jostein, Donal Brown, H. Ray Gamble, and James B. McAuley. "Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs in the Bolivian Altiplano." Veterinary Parasitology 47, no. 3-4 (May 1993): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4017(93)90036-m.

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19

del Potro, Rodrigo, Mikel Díez, Jon Blundy, Antonio G. Camacho, and Joachim Gottsmann. "Diapiric ascent of silicic magma beneath the Bolivian Altiplano." Geophysical Research Letters 40, no. 10 (May 28, 2013): 2044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50493.

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20

Navarro, Gonzalo, and José Antonio Molina. "A floristic-ecological classification of the shrublands of the dry Bolivian Altiplano." Phytocoenologia 49, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2019/0240.

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21

Jauna, Patricia Beltrán, and Antony Henshaw. "BIODEGRADATION AT A LAND-FARMING SITE AT 14,000 FEET IN THE HIGH BOLIVIAN ALTIPLANO." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 879–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-879.

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ABSTRACT Approximately 30,000 m3 of contaminated soil recovered from cleanup operations after a 29,000 barrel oil spill in the Desaguadero River (January 2000) was stored in temporary pits. Waste disposal plans explored several options for final disposal, including incineration and land farming. Initial concerns about the ability to landfarm the contaminated soil centered on the biodegradation potential at altitudes of 14,000 ft (4,300 m) and in a region with seasonally low day and nighttime temperatures. The Bolivian Altiplano has a semiarid climate where daily fluctuations of 15°C in temperature are common while average temperatures range between −6 C (July) and 21.0°C (November). The technical experts at the Bolivian Ministry of Sustainable Development were reluctant to grant permission for Land Farming to be used at high altitude and instead insisted that all the contaminated soil be sent by truck across Bolivia to lower altitudes where the proposed a Land Farm was to be created. As an operational response a series of experiments was set up to demonstrate that indeed Land Farming was possible at high altitude. This paper presents the results of these experiments but it should be clearly noted that the testes were conducted under operational conditions without the rigour normally found in laboratory or scientific experiments. Results showed that it was not only possible to deplete the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content from 40,000 ppm to below 1,000 ppm required by Bolivian law, but that it also could be completed within 4 months under specific technical conditions of the biodegradation process. Previous studies documented the formation of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) in the contaminated soils from the Rio Desaguadero spill1. We hypothesized that OMA formation and presence of aluminum polysilicate would provide an effective combination to increase the biodegradability of the soils under specific control conditions. This paper explains the high-altitude biodegradation process and the results of monitoring tests from the land farming under operational field conditions. ©2004 Transredes S.A. All Rights Reserved.

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22

Muir, D. D., D. N. Barfod, J. D. Blundy, A. C. Rust, R. S. J. Sparks, and K. M. Clarke. "The temporal record of magmatism at Cerro Uturuncu, Bolivian Altiplano." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 422, no. 1 (2015): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp422.1.

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23

Thouveny, N., and M. Servant. "Palaeomagnetic stratigraphy of Pliocene continental deposits of the Bolivian Altiplano." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 70, no. 4 (May 1989): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(89)90111-9.

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24

Morales, Eduardo A., Carlos E. Wetzel, Sinziana F. Rivera, Bart Van De Vijver, and Luc Ector. "Current taxonomic studies on the diatom flora (Bacillariophyceae) of the Bolivian Altiplano, South America, with possible consequences for palaeoecological assessments." Journal of Micropalaeontology 33, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jmpaleo2014-007.

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Abstract. The present investigation is based on detailed taxonomical analyses combining light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and critical reviews of publications and type material. This method revealed a higher number of diatom taxa than that reported for the Altiplano, reports that are based on LM and SEM, but force-fitting the taxa into their European relatives. It also became evident that some taxa often reported from the Altiplano do not occur or are less common in this region and that misidentifications are the consequence not only of force-fitting, but also of misinterpretation of the original protologues and illustrations (taxonomic concept drift). These findings have important repercussions on past palaeoecological assessments for the Altiplano, which have been based on ecological information for taxa developing in ecosystems of highly contrasting conditions. Here we present the case of three araphid diatoms, which were reported as known taxa from Europe and elsewhere, but in fact correspond to taxa described as new for the Altiplano or unpublished taxa. It is recommended that: (1) a flora for this region is developed utilizing sound microscopical data and reviewing pertinent type material, (2) key common taxa used for past palaeoecological studies in the Altiplano are reviewed using a taxonomically thorough and critical method, and (3) future palaeoecological studies for the Andes are supported by prior detailed taxonomical analysis.

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25

Hastenrath, Stefan, and John Kutzbach. "Late Pleistocene Climate and Water Budget of the South American Altiplano." Quaternary Research 24, no. 3 (November 1985): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90048-1.

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Geomorphic evidence from the Peruvian-Bolivian Altiplano indicates that during episodes prior to 28,000 and around 12,500-11,000 yr B.P., lakes covered an area about six and four times as large as at present, respectively. Within the constraints of the heat and water budget, model calculations are used to estimate the precipitation rate that would allow hydrologic equilibrium. On this basis it is suggested that rainfall on the Altiplano during the episodes of enlarged lakes was, respectively, some 300 and 200 mm annum−1 larger than at present, representing increases of about 75 and 50%, respectively. Field evidence suggests that the episodes of enlarged lakes on the Altiplano may have preceded or coincided with periods of maximum glaciation in the neigh-boring Andes. In this region with high elevation of the ice equilibrium line, increased precipitation is particularly conducive to glaciation.

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26

Wilson, Edward C. "Permian corals of Bolivia." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 1 (January 1990): 60–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000042244.

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Permian corals of Bolivia are confined to the Lower Permian (Wolfcampian, Leonardian) Copacabana Limestone. The coral fauna of the formation in the Lake Titicaca to the central altiplano areas of the Department of La Paz consists of two solitary rugose coral species, two colonial rugose coral species (one each of fasciculate and cerioid), and two tabulate coral species. New taxa are Stylastraea branisai n. sp., Durhamina pandolfi n. sp., Michelinia escobari n. sp., and Cladochonus carrascoi n. sp. Lophophyllidium striatum (d'Orbigny, 1839), based on Bolivian specimens, is redescribed, a lectotype designated, and the range extended to North America. Although the fauna is small, its taxonomic composition shows clear affinity with faunas of similar age northward through South and Central America to Mexico and the USA Texas-Oklahoma-Midcontinent region. The Bolivian fauna thus is confirmed as belonging to the Cyathaxonid Coral Province, which is restricted to the above areas. A species of Durhamina previously erected for Guatemalan specimens occurs in the Copacabana Limestone of Peru and strengthens the province assignment of the formation.

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27

Scheffler, Sandro M. "Crinoids from the Lower (Pragian–Emsian) and Middle (early Eifelian) Devonian of Bolivia (Icla and Belén formations, Malvinokaffric Realm)." Journal of Paleontology 95, no. 1 (September 21, 2020): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.70.

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AbstractTwo new families and three new genera and species of Crinoidea from the Icla and Belén formations, Bolivian Devonian, are described. The material is identified as Meperocrinus angelina n. gen. n. sp., from the Icla Formation of the Sub-Andina region, Tuberocrinus lapazensis n. gen. n. sp. and Aenigmaticumcrinus rochacamposi n. gen. n. sp., both from the Belén Formation of the Bolivian Altiplano. Meperocrinus angelina n. gen. n. sp. is an Emperocrinidae, a family described from the Silurian of the United States of America. Tuberocrinus lapazensis n. gen. n. sp. is assigned to a new family of Dimerocrinitacea, the Tuberocrinidae n. fam., which is closely related to Pterinocrinidae that already has representatives in Bolivia (Apurocrinus sucrei McIntosh), Argentina (Pterinocrinus? australis Haude), and Colombia (Bogotacrinus scheibei McIntosh). Aenigmaticumcrinus rochacamposi n. gen. n. sp. is also as assigned to a new family of Dimerocrinitacea, the Aenigmaticumcrinidae n. fam.; a family with very distinctive features. These data demonstrate that the Malvinokaffric crinoid fauna in Bolivia has a mixed origin, with forms that arrived in South America from Europe (Old World Realm) and United States of America (Eastern America Realm) during the late Silurian or earliest Devonian, as well as a local stock, which evolved to highly endemic lineages.UUID: http://zoobank.org/f03120c6-264a-4ae9-81e0-46bfe844e65e.

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28

Nina, L. M., A. N. Sial, A. Barbosa, V. H. M. Neumann, G. Bark, R. Garcia, C. Wanhainen, and M. Blanco. "Diagenesis of the Pennsylvanian –Lower Permian Copacabana Formation, western Bolivian Altiplano." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 100 (June 2020): 102540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102540.

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29

Abdelouas, A., J. L. Crovisier, W. Lutze, W. J. Uttman, and F. Risacher. "Occurrence of silhydrite in a soda lake on the Bolivian Altiplano." Clay Minerals 30, no. 1 (March 1995): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1995.030.1.09.

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30

Clapperton, C. M., J. D. Clayton, D. I. Benn, C. J. Marden, and J. Argollo. "Late Quaternary glacier advances and palaeolake highstands in the Bolivian Altiplano." Quaternary International 38-39 (January 1997): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(96)00020-1.

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31

Godfrey-Wood, Rachel, and Graciela Mamani-Vargas. "The Coercive Side of Collective Capabilities: Evidence from the Bolivian Altiplano." Journal of Human Development and Capabilities 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19452829.2016.1199169.

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32

Sikkink, Lynn. "Ethnobotany and Exchange of Traditional Medicines on the Southern Bolivian Altiplano." High Altitude Medicine & Biology 1, no. 2 (June 2000): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/15270290050074260.

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33

Mas‐Coma, S., R. Anglés, J. G. Esteban, M. D. Bargues, P. Buchon, M. Franken, and W. Strauss. "The Northern Bolivian Altiplano: a region highly endemic for human fascioliasis." Tropical Medicine & International Health 4, no. 6 (June 1999): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00418.x.

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34

Parés-Casanova, Pere M., and Raúl Pérezgrovas Garza. "The Bolivian “Altiplano” and “Valle” sheep are two different peripatric breeds." Tropical Animal Health and Production 46, no. 5 (March 7, 2014): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0564-y.

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35

Fontúrbel, Francisco E., Enio Barbieri, Cristian Herbas, Flavia L. Barbieri, and Jacques Gardon. "Indoor metallic pollution related to mining activity in the Bolivian Altiplano." Environmental Pollution 159, no. 10 (October 2011): 2870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.04.039.

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36

Iannuzzi, Roberto, Carlos E. L. Vieira, Margot Guerra-Sommer, Enrique Díaz-Martínez, and George W. Grader. "Permian plants from the Chutani Formation (Titicaca Group, Northern Altiplano of Bolivia): II. The morphogenus Glossopteris." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 76, no. 1 (March 2004): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652004000100011.

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Fossil plants belonging to the morphogenera Glossopteris, Pecopteris and Asterotheca were collected from the upper part of the Chutani Formation (Titicaca Group), near the town of San Pablo de Tiquina, on the southeastern shore of Lake Titicaca (northern Altiplano, Bolivia). This paper presents the first description of specimens of the morphogenus Glossopteris from Bolivia. The Bolivian specimens of Glossopteris consist of poorly-preserved impressions, although they present the diagnostic features of this morphogenus. They are fragments of leaves with secondary veins of taeniopterid-type, typical of glossopterids from Late Permian deposits of Gondwana. The only species of Pecopteris confirmed in the first part of this study, i.e. P. dolianitii Rösler and Rohn (see Vieira et al. 2004), was previously reported from the Late Permian beds of the Rio do Rasto and Estrada Nova formations in the Paraná Basin (southern Brazil). Therefore, a Late Permian age is proposed for the fossil plant-bearing beds of the Chutani Formation based on the analyzed assemblage. The phytogeographic implications of this new find are briefly analyzed.

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37

Galewsky, Joseph, and Kimberly Samuels-Crow. "Summertime Moisture Transport to the Southern South American Altiplano: Constraints from In Situ Measurements of Water Vapor Isotopic Composition." Journal of Climate 28, no. 7 (March 27, 2015): 2635–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00511.1.

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Abstract Austral summer transport of water vapor to the southern South American Altiplano is investigated using in situ measurements of water vapor isotopic composition collected from 1 November 2012 to 10 February 2013 on the Chajnantor Plateau in the Chilean Andes. Onset of the wet season in December was associated with an increase in mixing ratios from an average of 1500 ppmv during the winter dry season to 5400 ppmv in early December. Water vapor isotopes δD and δ18O increased from dry season averages of −235‰ and −31‰, respectively, to wet season averages of −142‰ and −17‰, reaching as high as −70‰ and −17‰, respectively. The highest water vapor δ values were close to those measured in coastal settings, suggesting little condensation during transport to the site. About 5% of the wet season data have δ values that are lower than expected for Rayleigh distillation and are associated with high relative humidity (>75%), easterly winds, and periods of low outgoing longwave radiation over the Altiplano, consistent with moistening by deep convection. The remainder of the data have δ values that are greater than expected for Rayleigh distillation, up to 250‰ above the Rayleigh curve. These data are consistent with mixing between very dry air and moist air from the boundary layer. The data show intraseasonal variability coherently linked to the position of the Bolivian high, with moist air associated with a southward displacement in the Bolivian high. The humidity over the southern Altiplano during the wet season reflects a balance among advective drying, advective moistening with little condensation, and convective moistening.

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Morales, Eduardo A. "Frustulia tunariensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the Andes of Bolivia, South America." Diversity 12, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090362.

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Frustulia tunariensis sp. nov. is originated from a high-altitude peatland in the Tunari Cordillera, a branch of the Andean range in Bolivia. The new taxon is distinguished by the thick longitudinal ribs, the globose polar nodule with faint helictoglossa that does not produce an apical extension, and by the high areola and stria density, not found in any of the morphologically closely related taxa. Features of the folded valvocopula, such as the presence of a siliceous membrane as pars interior, and poroids present in the tube-like portion opening as slits to the valve interior and as a single row of poroids to the exterior, are also unique characters in the new taxon. Based on a literature review, a comparison of the newly proposed species with morphologically similar taxa was made. Also, published information shows the potential of girdle bands to distinguish groups of species and species themselves within Frustulia. Likewise, remarks on the ecological and distribution aspects of Frustulia in the Bolivian Altiplano are included, focusing on taxonomic quality, geographic coverage and sampling, and potential to represent the genus in the high Bolivian Andean plateau.

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39

Tapia, Joseline, Stéphane Audry, and Pieter van Beek. "Natural and anthropogenic controls on particulate metal(loid) deposition in Bolivian highland sediments, Lake Uru Uru (Bolivia)." Holocene 30, no. 3 (November 18, 2019): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619887425.

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Mining in the Bolivian Altiplano is important and has historically provided much of the world’s Ag, Sn, and Sb. This study aims to better understand the effects of important recent increases in Bolivian mining on the deposition of metals and metalloids in sediment near Oruro, Bolivia’s fifth largest city, with special attention to natural and anthropogenic factors as well as early diagenesis, which could have broader implications in other high-elevation environments that have or will be affected by increased mining activities. To better assess the depositional trends of elements in sediments, five sedimentary cores collected in Lake Uru Uru and the Cala Cala Lagoon (nearby Oruro) were studied and analysis of the physicochemical variables coupled with radiometric dating indicate that (a) sediment deposited in Lake Uru Uru was likely sourced from local outcrops of Tertiary volcanics, Paleozoic shales, and ore and waste piles from mining activities material; (b) sedimentation rates in Lake Uru Uru were close to 3 mm·year−1, 1 mm higher than the ancient Tauca paleolake (~11,000–30,000 years ago); (c) early diagenetic effects have affected the distribution of Mn, As, and Cd in the sedimentary archive; and (d) the deposition of Ag, Sb, and Pb in the studied sediment has largely been related to historical trends in Bolivian Sn mining methods and production.

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Boscaini, Alberto, Timothy J. Gaudin, Néstor Toledo, Bernardino Mamani Quispe, Pierre-Olivier Antoine, and François Pujos. "The earliest well-documented occurrence of sexual dimorphism in extinct sloths: evolutionary and palaeoecological insights." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 187, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz011.

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Abstract Sexual dimorphism (SD) is extremely common in species that have reproductive roles segregated into separate sexes, and it has been recognized in several mammalian lineages, both extant and extinct. Sexual dimorphism is low to moderate in living sloths, but it had a more important role for extinct sloth taxa. The presence of SD in extinct sloths was first suggested at the end of the 19th century and it is now commonly advocated as a possible explanation of high intraspecific variation in many extinct sloth species. In this paper, we report the presence of SD in Simomylodon uccasamamensis, a Late Miocene to Late Pliocene sloth from the Bolivian Altiplano. We present evidence of SD in the morphology of cranial and postcranial remains, representing the earliest unequivocal occurrence of size-based SD in an extinct sloth species. Differences between sexes are mainly observed in the morphology of the feeding apparatus and general body size. Comparisons with extant large mammals allow us to hypothesize different food selection between the two sexes, with probable divergent habitat use and concomitant niche separation. This, in turn, could have represented an important selective factor for adaptation to environmental changes experienced by the Bolivian Altiplano in Late Neogene times.

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Esteban, J. G., C. Aguirre, A. Flores, W. Strauss, R. Angles, and S. Mas-Coma. "High Cryptosporidium prevalences in healthy Aymara children from the northern Bolivian Altiplano." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 58, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1998.58.50.

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Placzek, Christa J., Jay Quade, and P. Jonathan Patchett. "Isotopic tracers of paleohydrologic change in large lakes of the Bolivian Altiplano." Quaternary Research 75, no. 1 (January 2011): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2010.08.004.

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AbstractWe have developed an 87Sr/86Sr, 234U/238U, and δ18O data set from carbonates associated with late Quaternary paleolake cycles on the southern Bolivian Altiplano as a tool for tracking and understanding the causes of lake-level fluctuations. Distinctive groupings of 87Sr/86Sr ratios are observed. Ratios are highest for the Ouki lake cycle (120–95 ka) at 0.70932, lowest for Coipasa lake cycle (12.8–11.4 ka) at 0.70853, and intermediate at 0.70881 to 0.70884 for the Salinas (95–80 ka), Inca Huasi (~ 45 ka), Sajsi (24–20.5 ka), and Tauca (18.1–14.1 ka) lake cycles. These Sr ratios reflect variable contributions from the eastern and western Cordilleras. The Laca hydrologic divide exerts a primary influence on modern and paleolake 87Sr/86Sr ratios; waters show higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios north of this divide. Most lake cycles were sustained by slightly more rainfall north of this divide but with minimal input from Lake Titicaca. The Coipasa lake cycle appears to have been sustained mainly by rainfall south of this divide. In contrast, the Ouki lake cycle was an expansive lake, deepest in the northern (Poópo) basin, and spilling southward. These results indicate that regional variability in central Andean wet events can be reconstructed using geochemical patterns from this lake system.

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Gregory-Wodzicki, Kathryn M., W. C. McIntosh, and Kattia Velasquez. "Climatic and tectonic implications of the late Miocene Jakokkota flora, Bolivian Altiplano." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 11, no. 6 (December 1998): 533–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-9811(98)00031-5.

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Baker, Paul A., Catherine A. Rigsby, Geoffrey O. Seltzer, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Tim K. Lowenstein, Niklas P. Bacher, and Carlos Veliz. "Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano." Nature 409, no. 6821 (February 2001): 698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35055524.

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Baumont, David, Anne Paul, Susan Beck, and George Zandt. "Strong crustal heterogeneity in the Bolivian Altiplano as suggested by attenuation ofLgwaves." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 104, B9 (September 10, 1999): 20287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999jb900160.

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Bjorland, J., R. T. Bryan, W. Strauss, G. V. Hillyer, and J. B. McAuley. "An Outbreak of Acute Fascioliasis Among Aymara Indians in the Bolivian Altiplano." Clinical Infectious Diseases 21, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): 1228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/21.5.1228.

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Thibeault, Jeanne, Anji Seth, and Guiling Wang. "Mechanisms of summertime precipitation variability in the Bolivian Altiplano: present and future." International Journal of Climatology 32, no. 13 (September 14, 2011): 2033–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.2424.

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Zängl, Günther, and Joseph Egger. "Diurnal Circulation of the Bolivian Altiplano. Part II: Theoretical and Model Investigations." Monthly Weather Review 133, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 3624–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3033.1.

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Abstract The first step in the evolution of the diurnal circulation of grand plateaus is the matutinal buildup of inflow through mountain passes connecting the lowlands with the plateau proper. Maximum inward transport is attained in the afternoon. Corresponding observations at the Bolivian Altiplano are described in the first part of this paper. Here, both a linear model and the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) are used to better understand the dynamics of this process. First discussed is the solution to the linear sea-breeze problem where a heated fluid layer is restricted to the half plane x ≤ 0. Rapidly moving barotropic modes lead to surface pressure fall in the heated half plane and to pressure rise for x ≥ 0. Slow baroclinic modes describe the horizontally expanding inflow toward the heated layer near the ground with return flow aloft. This basic structure of the response carries over to more complicated topographies where a heated plateau with vertical sidewalls is separated from the lowlands by a barrier and a pass. The baroclinic modes are fanning out from the pass into the plateau’s interior in linear numerical calculations. These flow patterns hardly change when additional slopes connect the plains and the plateau. The restrictions imposed by the linear approach are removed step by step in simulations with MM5 in which an idealized plateau with an optional pass is prescribed. There is good agreement with respect to the basic flow pattern, but the linear theory is found to overestimate inflow velocities because of its neglect of momentum and perturbation temperature advection. Moreover, a front moves from the pass into the plateau’s interior where the stratification is neutral or even unstable, a situation that is beyond the scope of the linear theory. The upslope winds evolving at the slope connecting the plateau with the lowlands are unimportant for the thermal circulation of the plateau, a result also suggested by the linear theory. Finally, simulations of the diurnal cycle are performed for the real topography of the Altiplano. The presentation of results concentrates on the observation sites. It is demonstrated that the idealized calculations help to better understand the resulting flows as well as the observations reported in Part I. The total inflow to the Altiplano is discussed as well.

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Ács, Éva, Luc Ector, Keve T. Kiss, Csaba Cserháti, Eduardo A. Morales, and Zlatko Levkov. "Morphological observations and emended description ofAmphora micrometrafrom the Bolivian Altiplano, South America." Diatom Research 26, no. 2 (June 2011): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249x.2011.597987.

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Canedo‐Rosso, Claudia, Cintia B. Uvo, and Ronny Berndtsson. "Precipitation variability and its relation to climate anomalies in the Bolivian Altiplano." International Journal of Climatology 39, no. 4 (December 9, 2018): 2096–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.5937.

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