To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Bolivian Andes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bolivian Andes'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Bolivian Andes.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Myers, Stephen Christopher. "Lithospheric-scale structure across the Bolivian Andes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289045.
Full textAbstract:
I have developed a three-dimensional, lithospheric-scale model of the Bolivian Andes at ∼20°S. The model is based on tomographic images of velocity and attenuation for both P- and S-waves. Observations of travel-time and attenuation for this study are from regional, mantle earthquakes in the subducted Nazca plate recorded on a portable, broadband seismic array in Bolivia. The shallow mantle under the Altiplano from ∼18°S to ∼20°S is high velocity, but seismic Q is relatively low (Vp∼8.3, Vs∼4.9, Qp∼150, Qs∼100). These seismic properties suggest lithospheric mantle, approaching solidus conditions. High velocity material in the Altiplano extends to a depth of ∼150 km at 18.5°S, shallowing to ∼100 km at 20.5°S. Anomalously low velocity and Q anomalies are imaged in the mantle beneath the Eastern (fold and thrust) and Western (volcanic arc) Cordilleras of Bolivia. In the Western Cordillera, velocity and attenuation anomalies are locally strong (Vp∼7.8, Vs∼4.25, Qp∼80, Qs∼20), consistent with partial melt conditions. However, there is a segment of higher velocity and Q between 19°S and 20°S, that is correlated with reduced Quaternary arc volcanism. In the Eastern Cordillera, shallow mantle velocity and Q generally decrease from Altiplano values, but there is a localized low velocity and Q anomaly (Vp∼7.8, Vs∼4.1, Qp∼50, Qs∼10) underneath the Los Frailes volcanic center. The strong velocity and attenuation anomalies and the spatial correlation with the volcanic complex favor an interpretation of partial melt. From the subduction trench into parts of the Western Cordillera, processes associated with Nazca Plate subduction dominate shallow mantle structure. Structural constrains from the tomographic results and the geologic history of the Bolivian Andes favor a model of lithospheric shortening for the development of shallow-mantle structure in the Eastern Cordillera and Altiplano. A delamination/partial-continental-subduction process is favored for the production of both shallow mantle structure and volcanism in the Eastern Cordillera. This process may remove mafic components in thickened lower crust, refining the crust towards a more felsic composition.
2
Kennan, Lorcan. "Cenozoic tectonics of the central Bolivian Andes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306963.
Full text
3
Sheffels, Barbara Moths. "Structural constraints on crustal shortening in the Bolivian Andes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14292.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1988.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-165).
by Barbara Moths Sheffels.
Ph.D.
4
Walker, Sarah Madeline. "Nitrogen modeling of potato fields in the Bolivian Andes using GLEAMS." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35194.
Full textAbstract:
An increase in population in rural agricultural communities and higher demand for food throughout Bolivia create the need for increased agricultural production. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of the GLEAMS model as a tool for evaluating fertilization and cropping system practices for potatoes in the Andes of central Bolivia, and make recommendations for the continued development of the model as an analysis tool to improve sustainable crop production. Model suitability was evaluated through assessment of model representation of observed potato farms and behavior of simulated soil nitrogen (N) and N transformation trends; validation with field data taken from six agricultural sites in central Bolivia for runoff volume, soil total Kjeldahl N concentration, crop production, and crop N uptake; and sensitivity analysis.
Validation of model output with observed values was completed both graphically and by determining the root mean square error standard deviation ratio (RSR) and the percent bias (PBIAS). RSR and PBIAS values for runoff volume were 4.0 and 65%, 4.5 and 4%, and 2.7 and 55% for three respective experimental plot repetitions using a calibrated SCS curve number of 90. The RSR and PBIAS, respectively, for soil total Kjeldahl N concentration were 3.0 and -2.2%. The RSR and PBIAS, respectively, for crop dry matter production were 7 and 21%. The RSR and PBIAS, respectively, for crop N uptake were 10 and 21%.
The mineralization processes in GLEAMS must be improved before model application to central Bolivia, where agricultural production is highly dependent on mineralization of organic N from soil and applied animal manure. Recommendations for model improvement and development include modification to the process that determines mineralization from the soil potentially mineralizable N pool; validation of the percolation volume and nitrate leaching losses; and improved model representation of banded manure application.Master of Science
CCRA-2 (Watershed Modeling)
5
Rangecroft, Sally. "Rock glaciers, water security and climate change in the Bolivian Andes." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16886.
Full textAbstract:
Water security in the Bolivian Andes is projected to decrease with population growth and climate change. As one of the poorest countries in the region, Bolivia is particularly vulnerable to such changes due to its limited capacity to adapt. Key gaps exist in our knowledge of the Andean cryosphere, including a lack of information on alternative mountain water sources, such as ‘rock glaciers’. The presence and hydrological importance of these cryospheric features is unknown for the Bolivian Andes. Yet, with current and projected [ice] glacier recession forecasted to negatively impact water availabilty, it is important to gather data and understanding on these cryospheric landforms. Consequently, this PhD has created the first rock glacier inventory for the Bolivian Andes, estimated rock glacier water stores, assessed their hydrological importance in comparison to glaciers and modelled the implications of projected rising temperatures on rock glacier activity and permafrost extent. This information has contributed to scientific knowledge about the Bolivian cryosphere and, more specifically, has increased knowledge of the frozen store of water in rock glaciers in the arid mountains of Bolivia where future water security issues are expected in response to climatic change. The rock glacier inventory for the Bolivian Andes was built through expert photomorphic mapping of freely available, high resolution satellite data (Google Earth), supported by a programme of field work during July - August 2011 and July - August 2012. A total of 94 rock glaciers were found to exist in the Bolivian Andes between 15° and 22° S, of which 54 were classified as active, estimated to contain between 0.05 and 0.14 km3 of water. At the national scale, research demonstrated that Bolivian rock glaciers were not as relatively important as hydrological stores when compared to estimations of glacier water equivalences. At the regional scale, three study regions were identified and analysed: Cordillera Real, Sajama and Western Cordillera. Along the Western Cordillera where glaciers are absent, the hydrological stores of the rock glaciers could be considered important. With current and projected glacier recession, it can be assumed that the relative importance of rock glaciers will increase in the Cordillera Real and Sajama. Climate modelling of the the 0 °C isotherm as a proxy for permafrost extent also highlighted this projected decrease. The projected impact of this warming on permafrost extent is modelled to be a loss of up to 95% by 2050 and 99% by 2080 from present day extent. These results were disseminated back to residents of La Paz through a conference held in the third field season (2014). This research is valued as important as continued climate change and population growth are projected to reduce water security in arid regions of the South American Andes. Due to its elevation and high levels of poverty Bolivia is vulnerable to climate change with limited ability to adapt. Specifically for the city of La Paz, its heavy dependence on the glaciers of mountains for potable water supply leaves it particularly vulnerable, especially during the dry season.
6
Everett, Nicholas S. "The La Paz Basin, northern Bolivian Andes : late Miocene - Pliocene continental sedimentation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287618.
Full textAbstract:
Dating from the late Miocene to c.2.7Ma in the Pliocene, the La Paz Formation is a poorly consolidated basin fill, extensively incised at La Paz but with poor exposure. This study is the first to incorporate detailed vertical logging (15 sections totalling >1400m), facies analysis and sedimentary analogues into speculative reconstruction of depositional systems. The Formation records deposition from multiple, coarse-grained Piedmont distributary fluvial systems, flowing Southwest from the Cordillera Real. A highly aggradational setting preserved evidence of vertical accretion from high-magnitude, highly concentrated gravel channel belt flooding, conditioned by a seasonal semi-arid climate and high sediment flux. Combined channel belt and floodplain successions (including immature alluvial palaeosols) record variations in the style of channel belt bifurcation, in channel stability and in the timescale of channel belt coexistence, identifying mainly medial and proximal distributary zones. Large-scale alluvial architecture was heavily determined by individual system flow and sediment flux, dependent on catchment size and lithology. There was little relationship between architecture and immediate basin-margin faulting (of uncertain nature); systems maintained their basin location, and a balance persisted between accommodation space and sediment influx. These findings suggest that the systems had antecedent drainages. Footwall-sources systems were only temporarily active after faulting. A new model is proposed in which creation of accommodation space was coupled to sediment flux because both were driven by differential uplift of the Cordillera. Tectonic and climatic controls are inextricably linked in the depositional record due to this uplift. Late Miocene basin opening is uncertain but may have involved strike-slip fault activation. Subsequently, the basin fill expanded outward, onlapping proximal and distal margins, possibly under decreasing climatic extremity. These changes suggest gently declining differential uplift superimposed on ongoing absolute uplift, which may have enhanced regional climatic trends.
7
Redwood, S. D. "Epithermal precious and base metal mineralisation and related magmatism of the Northern Altiplano, Bolivian." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377620.
Full textAbstract:
The Bolivian Altiplano is part of the inner arc Polymetallic Belt of the Andes, and is a Cretaceous-Cenozoic intermontane basin located between the Andean arc of the Western Cordillera and the Paleozoic fold belt of the Eastern Cordillera. Reconnaissance geological mapping shows that epithermal mineralisation in the NE Altiplano is related to silicic magmatism located on NW-trending Altiplano growth faults and intersections with NE and E-W lineaments. Magmatism was episodic and occurred during the Miocene arc broadening episode, which correlates with increased plate convergence rates. Most magmatism is mid Miocene (19-10 Ma), and formed flow-dome-sill-stock complexes. The upper (9-7.5 Ma) and late (6.5-4 Ma) Miocene episodes, in contrast, generally formed ash-flow calderas and strato-volcanoes. The three episodes are mainly dacites and rhyolites of the high-K calc-alkaline suite, with some shoshonites, and can only be distinguished isotopically, with progressively stronger crustal contamination in the younger episodes. Sr-Nd-O isotopes and trace elements show that the magmas evolved by variable fractionation and assimilation from subduction-related, mantle-derived magmas which were isotopically enriched by bulk contamination with Precambrian gneisses. Mapping, petrography and XRD show that the epithermal deposits have large areas of pervasive phyllic alteration with a propylitic halo. Tourmaline alteration occurs in the cores of Sn-bearing deposits. Argillic and silicic alteration in some deposits are subsurface features of hot spring systems. Mineralisation (Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn) is disseminated and in sheeted veins and veinlets which have a NE-trend, related to the regional tectonic stress. Dating and O-H isotopes show that the mineralisation is genetically related to the dacitic magmatism and formed from a dominantly magmatic fluid, with meteoric mixing in the upper levels. Differences between the Polymetallic Belt and the Copper Belt are mainly a function of erosion level. Polymetallic deposits of the Eastern Cordillera contain important Sn and form the main part of the Tin Belt. Minor Sn also occurs in Altiplano deposits hosted by Paleozoic marine sediments, but not in those in Tertiary red beds. Tin was probably derived from the Paleozoic sediments, and is not related to deep subduction.
8
Nell, Cornelia. "The foodpaths of Chawpirana people : an ethnography of living inbetweenness in the Bolivian Andes." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7048.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the everyday lives of the people of Cabreca ethnographically. Cabreca is an Andean hamlet in the chawpirana of Northern Potosí in Bolivia. The chawpirana is a zone which lies in-between the highlands (puna) and the valleys. Chawpi is the Quechua word for middle/centre, rana means zone. While much anthropological work has been carried out in puna and valley, the chawpirana has so far been neglected. Through an ethnography from the middle I consider what it means to live in this in-between position. My analysis focuses on the everyday spheres of the home, childhood, agricultural tasks and pastoralism, food and movement. The themes that emerge from my ethnography are local Cabreca ways of learning and knowing; feeding, reciprocity and the maintenance of relationships between humans, animals, plants and spirits; flexibility; and mobility. The latter two demonstrate the distinctiveness of the chawpirana particularly well: Cabrequeños move extensively within the zone as their fields lie in the surroundings of the hamlet. The flexibility of their households is manifested through these movements. This study is an ethnography which pays attention to detail and provides minute descriptions of everyday activities in Cabreca. The emphasis on ethnographic detail is created in interaction with the intimacy which developed between Cabrequeños and me during 13 months of participant-observation. While living in a Cabreca household I had access to the daily activities and particularly to those which women typically carry out. My experience is embedded into anthropological literature on dwelling, kinship, ways of knowing, work, embodied practice, reciprocity, and sharing.
9
Brandt, Jodi S. "Assessing and modeling landscape change in a sensitive high-elevation region of the Bolivian Andes." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2318.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Center for Marine Estuarine Environmental Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
10
Barnes, Jason B. "Variable Denudation in the Evolution of the Bolivian Andes: Controls and Uplift-Climate-Erosion Feedbacks." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/240131.
Full textAbstract:
Controls on denudation in the eastern Bolivian Andes are evaluated by synthesis of new and existing denudation estimates from basin-morphometry, stream - powered fluvial incision, landslide mapping, sediment flux, erosion surfaces, thermochronology, foreland basin sediment volumes, and structural restorations. Centered at 17.5 °S, the northeastern Bolivian Andes exhibit high relief, a wet climate, and a narrow fold- thrust belt. In contrast, the southeastern Bolivian Andes have low relief, a semi-arid climate, and a wide fold-thrust belt. Basin -morphometry indicates a northward increase in relief and relative denudation. Stream-power along river profiles shows greater average incision rates in the north by a factor of 2 to 4. In the south, profile knickpoints with high incision rates are controlled by fold-thrust belt structures such as the surface expressions of basement megathrusts, faults, folds, and lithologic boundaries. Landslide and sediment-flux data are controlled by climate, elevation, basin morphology, and size and show a similar trend; short -term denudation-rate averages are greater in the north (1- 9 mm/yr) than the south (0.3-0.4 mm/yr). Long-term denudation-rate estimates including fission track, basin fill, erosion surfaces, and structural restorations also exhibit greater values in the north (0.2-0.8 mm/yr) compared to the south (0.04-0.3 mm/yr). Controls on long-term denudation rates include relief, orographic and global atmospheric circulation patterns of precipitation, climate change, glaciation, and fold-thrust belt geometry and kinematics. The denudation synthesis supports two conclusions: 1) denudation rates have increased towards the present 2) an along-strike disparity in denudation (greater in the north) has existed since at least the Miocene and has increased towards the present. Denudation rates and controls suggest that Bolivian mountain morphology is controlled by both its orientation at mid-latitude, and the feedbacks between uplift, kinematics, orographic effects on precipitation, glaciation, and the increased erosion that accompanies orogenesis.
11
Rocha, José Mauricio da Conceição. "De flor dos Andes a qhathu no Pari. Memória discursiva e deslocamentos na Feira Kantuta." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-06082015-103616/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma análise discursiva de enunciados veiculados na feira boliviana da Praça Kantuta, realizada aos domingos em São Paulo. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi identificar nos discursos de pessoas da coletividade boliviana registrados em atos públicos realizados na Praça Kantuta os enunciados que indicassem filiações a memórias discursivas relacionadas à nacionalidade e à migração na América do Sul. Reunimos os enunciados selecionados em três grupos de fragmentos de discurso, que analisamos como sequências discursivas em função, principalmente, das repetições, da recorrência de formulações relacionadas à representação do ser boliviano em São Paulo, ao modo de referir a Praça Kantuta e ao processo de conquista/apropriação do espaço para realização da feira. Adotamos essa metodologia porque nos pareceu a mais adequada aos nossos objetivos; além disso, verificamos que há antecedentes, nos estudos discursivos, de trabalhos de análise nos quais o ordenamento desta se realiza a partir de unidades em repetição. Para construir nossa interpretação dos fatos de discurso observados na feira, levamos em conta as condições de produção do discurso, atentando tanto para o contexto imediato quanto para o contexto sócio-histórico, conforme propõe Orlandi (2012). Assim, nossa dissertação inclui um levantamento de estudos sobre as migrações bolivianas realizados por pesquisadores de outras áreas com as quais temos dialogado, fundamentalmente a sociologia e a geografia urbana. Consideramos as migrações bolivianas internas e internacionais; a ocupação dos espaços públicos pelos bolivianos que protagonizam deslocamentos populacionais massivos em busca de subsistência; a função das línguas no ambiente da Feira Kantuta; a representação do boliviano em enunciados veiculados na feira; e a construção do objeto de discurso Praça/Feira Kantuta.This master\'s thesis presents a discursive analysis of enunciations made at Praça Kantuta\'s Bolivian market, which takes place on Sundays in São Paulo. The general objective of the research was to identify in the discourses of persons from the Bolivian community registered during public celebrations at Praça Kantuta the enunciations that could indicate affiliations to discursive memories related to nationality and to migration in South America. We divided the selected enunciations in three groups of discourse fragments that we analyze as discursive sequences due to repetitions, to recurrence of formulations related to the representation of being Bolivian in São Paulo, to the way to refer to Praça Kantuta and to the process of appropriation of a space where those migrants could implement their market. We used that methodology because it seemed the most adequate for our objectives; furthermore, we verified in discursive studies some examples of analysis where its organization is made in repeating units. In order to build our interpretation of the discursive facts that we found at the Bolivian market, we considered the speech production conditions, regarding the immediate context and the socio-historical context, as Orlandi (2012) suggests. Thus, our master\'s thesis includes an overview of studies about the Bolivian migrations made by researchers of other areas of knowledge that are interesting to us, such as sociology and urban geography. We do regard internal and international Bolivian migrations; the occupation of public spaces by those Bolivians starring massive population displacements looking for subsistence; the function of the languages at the Feira Kantuta; the representation of the Bolivians in enunciations made on the environment of their market; and the construction of the discourse object Praça/Feira Kantuta.
12
Guido, Zack, Jennifer C. McIntosh, Shirley A. Papuga, and Thomas Meixner. "Seasonal glacial meltwater contributions to surface water in the Bolivian Andes: A case study using environmental tracers." ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626096.
Full textAbstract:
Study region: The Cordoriri watershed and vicinity in the Cordillera Real, Bolivia, South America Study focus: Recent warming has contributed to substantial reductions in glaciers in many regions around the globe. Melting of these glaciers alters the timing and magnitude of streamflows and diminishes water resources accumulated in past climates. These changes are especially acute in regions with small glaciers and problematic for populations relying on surface water. In Bolivia, most glaciers are less than 0.5 km(2) and about 2 million people draw water in part from glacier-fed watersheds. Sparse monitoring, however, has limited estimates of glacial meltwater contributions. The use of environmental tracers is one approach that can quantify the contributions of glaciers. We present isotopic and anion data for streams, reservoirs, arroyos, precipitation, and glaciers for the wet and dry seasons in 2010, 2011, and 2012. New hydrological insights for the region: Glacier meltwater data shows distinct seasonal isotopic values, presenting opportunities for end-member mixing analyses. From isotopes, we estimate 31-65% of the water measured in high altitude streams and reservoirs during the 2011 wet season originated from melting of ice and recent snow, while glacier ice contributed 39-71% of the water in reservoirs in the 2012 dry season. This study demonstrates that more comprehensive sampling in the region could quantify the contributions of glacial meltwater and nonglacial sources to surface water supplies. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
13
Goudsmit, Into Alexander. "So far from God, so near the mountains : peasant deference to the state and landlords in the Bolivian Andes." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429506.
Full text
14
Clayton, James Dominic. "Modelling climate change in the sub-tropical Bolivian Andes through the last glacial-interglacial transition, using glaciers and palaeolakes." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=217036.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to model climate change in the Bolivian Andes through the last glacial-interglacial cycle, using glaciers and palaeolakes. This is important because the extent and timing of glacier and palaeolake fluctuations in this area are poorly understood. Furthermore, determining the synchrony of glaciers and palaeolakes has direct implications for understanding the nature of palaeoclimatic change in this high altitude sub-tropical region during the last glacial-interglacial transition. The results of this study are directly applicable to general circulation models (GCMs) attempting to simulate past and future global climate change. Glacier-fed delta depositional systems on massifs at the margin of the southern Altiplano, Bolivia, suggest a broadly coeval expansion of glaciers and palaeolake Tauca during the Late-glacial. This is shown by the succession of hummocky moraine, ice-contact fan sediment-landform associations that extend from within lateral moraines and connect with Hjulstrom and Gilbert-type deltas at Cerro Azanaques, Cerro Tunupa and Cerro Condor Iquina between altitudes of 3770 and 3720 m. Radiocarbon ages on peat underlying glacigenic debris flow and glacifluvial deposits reveal glaciers reached their maximum extent soon after 13,300-12,850 14C yr B.P. The delta-plain/delta-front contacts of the glacier-fed deltas confirm that this glacier advance broadly coincided with palaeolake Tauca radiometrically dated to the interval 13,500-11,500 14C yr B.P. Therefore these climatically sensitive systems in the Bolivian Andes attained their greatest extent during the Late-glacial and not during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Independent modelling of the climatic controls required to produce the simultaneous lowering of Late-glacial glacier equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) and volumetric changes in palaeolake water balance suggest the primary forcing mechanism was increased summer (wet season) precipitation, while overflow from the northern basin was also necessary to raise the level of palaeolake Tauca in the southern Altiplano. Palaeoclimatic simulations show that an increase in precipitation of 330-425 mm/yr above modern values, combined with greater cloud cover (10%) that depressed local temperatures (2-3 °C) and reduced evaporation rates (10%) could have generated the Stage 3 glaciers and a 3760 m palaeolake highstand in the southern Altiplano. The ELA of former glaciers rose towards the south and west, like the gradient of modem precipitation, which suggest that increased moisture during the Late-glacial was probably brought to the Altiplano by tropical circulation systems similar to those at present, but atmospheric conditions were cooler-and-cloudier than present.
15
Aalto, Rolf Erhart. "Geomorphic form and process of sediment flux within an active orogen : denudation of the Bolivian Andes and sediment conveyance across the Beni Foreland /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6718.
Full text
16
AYALA, RODOLFO. "Sismotectonique des andes de bolivie et role de l'orocline bolivien." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13045.
Full textAbstract:
La sismicite des andes centrales enregistree par le reseau de bolivie pour la periode comprise entre 1988 et 1994 a ete localisee en utilisant une methode de localisation non lineaire et un modele de vitesse heterogene en trois dimensions. En plus de la sismicite associee a la zone de subduction, une grande activite sismique a ete localisee le long de la cordillere occidentale. La sismicite superficielle de la region centrale de bolivie fait apparaitre une zone allongee dans la direction ne-sw qui correspondrait a une zone de cisaillement majeure dextre composee de failles en echelon. Les zones de subduction sous l'avant-arc et l'avant-pays sont soumises a un regime tectonique de compression triaxiale. Les hautes andes du sud du perou sont soumises a un regime decrochant avec une contrainte minimale dans une direction proche de n-s. En dehors de la partie la plus profonde, le slab est soumis a un regime tectonique en extension. Au dela de 500 km de profondeur, le slab est en compression. Des zones sismiques doubles sont identifiees dans la zone de subduction normale (entre 90 et 240 km de profondeur). Elles se caracterisent par une frange de seismes en faille inverse ou chevauchante sous une frange de seismes en faille normale. Les seismes en faille inverse ou chevauchante seraient generes par l'augmentation de la courbure du slab sous l'effet de son propre poids. Il apparait que l'essentiel de la microsismicite se produit a l'aplomb du front topographique de la cordillere orientale nord. Nous proposons que cette zone corresponde a l'endroit ou s'enracine, le long d'une rampe crustale, le decollement de la zone subandine. C'est sans doute la que s'accumulent les contraintes et les deformations en periode intersismique et que se produisent les forts seismes. Ces seismes activent probablement la rampe et le decollement subandin et permettent de transferer dans la zone plissee d'avant-pays les deformations elastiques accumulees en periode intersismique
17
Lippok, Denis [Verfasser], Isabell [Akademischer Betreuer] Hensen, Helge [Akademischer Betreuer] Bruelheide, and Karen [Akademischer Betreuer] Holl. "Effects of deforestation and climate change on tropical montane forests : a case study from the Bolivian Andes ; [kumulative Dissertation] / Denis Lippok. Betreuer: Isabell Hensen ; Helge Bruelheide ; Karen Holl." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053326408/34.
Full text
18
Vidaurre, de Mulczyk Marolyn. "Adaptive Capacity of Rural Communities to Climate Change in the Andes – Bolivia." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-207186.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change is one of the major contributing factors to degradation of ecological services, and these in turn are harming many people and causing poverty mainly in rural areas. The information available and the gain of knowledge on how climate change is affecting livelihood resources in the Bolivian Andes are very limited. This research aims to advance in the understanding of adaptive capacity to social and climate change in rural communities whose livelihoods are dependent upon agriculture and local resources. The proposed framework of this research focuses on the vulnerability assessment of the socio-ecological system, which targets on the identification of adaptation strategies in the context of their contribution to the overall adaptive capacity of the system. Following an exploratory design, two representative communities from different agro-ecological regions are selected as case studies: Santiago de Okola (Municipality of Puerto Carabuco, highlands) and Sita-Chorocana (Municipality of Inquisivy, inter-Andean valley). The research is conducted using a participatory rural appraisal approach and combines indicators encompassing natural, physical, human, financial, and socio-cultural variables. Data collection is based on community discussion (n=6), key informant interviews (n=31), household interviews (n=125), and local observations. Data analysis is conducted for quantitative and qualitative information.
The results are presented in four main sections:
1) Integral diagnosis of the current situation in each case study considering general characteristics of the population, agriculture activities and forest resources; followed by a complete description of impacts and strategies to cope with extreme weather events and socio-economic conflicts at household level.
2) The assessment of strategies based on cultural knowledge describes the existing traditional ecological knowledge and local customs. Moreover, a mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the current knowledge needed to cope with and adapt to climate change. The outcomes point out that for the highlands the diversification of knowledge, and for the inter-Andean valley the social—pooling are strategies that contributed the most to secure crop production under extreme weather event scenario.
3) The assessment of socio-economic strategies identifies households under the category of poor as the most vulnerable group to climate change; this group is dominated by old women living alone in the communities and in charge of the farm. Based on the redundancy analysis poverty indicators have been identified: In the highlands, off-farm activities represent a potential strategy whenever the crop production is reduced or limited; these activities are related to the labor availability in the household, health conditions and level of education. In the inter-Andean valley, out-farm and eucalyptus plantations represent a potential strategy to secure crop production when households have access to land and markets and they participate in social networks.
4) The assessment of social networks identifies the relationship between the households, stakeholders, and the municipality to cope with socio-economic conflicts and the impacts of extreme weather events. Independently of each case study, the outcomes point out the existing social networks under socio-economic scenario contributed to the implementation of a wide number of coping strategies to secure in the long-term the well-being of the household including economic development, food production, education, social organization, infrastructure, and health. The existing social networks under the extreme weather events scenarios contributed mainly to secure food production of the households by providing immediate access to labor.
This research presents evidence on how social and climate changes are the major contributing factors to increasing vulnerability of the socio-ecological system. It is the first explorative research in which cultural knowledge, socio-economic and social networks strategies are integrated to understand the adaptive capacity of rural communities in the selected case studies. The livelihood adaptation strategies identified independently of each of the two case study eco-regions showed particular characteristics related to the lifestyle, the knowledge and the socio-economic resources available in the communities; and highlights the potentialities and limitations of the households to reduce their vulnerability. Finally, the proposed model towards adaptive capacity is a tool that can be used to guide new policies and programs that target poverty reduction and minimize the adverse impacts of climate change.
19
Brandt, Regine Verfasser], Isabell [Akademischer Betreuer] Hensen, Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Rist, and Pierre L. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ibisch. "Increasing the socio-ecological resilience of agro-ecosystems and livelihoods in mountain drylands from a biocultural perspective : a case study from the Bolivian Andes ; [kumulative Dissertation] / Regine Brandt. Betreuer: Isabell Hensen ; Stephan Rist ; Pierre Ibisch." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066238456/34.
Full text
20
Lavat, Baptiste. "Le Carnaval d'Oruro : enjeux, interactions, conflits (1920-2015)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30075.
Full textAbstract:
Inscrit à la liste des « Chefs-d’oeuvre du Patrimoine Oral et Immatériel de l’Humanité » de l’UNESCO en 2001, leCarnaval d’Oruro fait depuis plusieurs décennies l’objet d’une valorisation croissante. L’une des spécificités de la fêteréside dans son surprenant développement au cours du XXe siècle, ainsi que dans la théâtralisation des enjeux etconflits nationaux qu’elle propose. Cette thèse se propose d’appréhender la métamorphose du Carnaval d’Oruro aucours des XXe et XXIe siècles (1920-2015), en prenant pour points de départ l’analyse des différentes interactionsd’ordre économique, politique, social et culturel qu’engendra son évolution historique, ainsi que certains de ses enjeuxet conflits qui en découlèrent. La réflexion s’oriente dans un premier temps sur les modalités temporelles du Carnaval,organisé autour d’un réseau dense et complexe de manifestations qui façonnent son calendrier. Chacun des temps de lalongue période jalonnant la préparation et le déroulement du Carnaval apporte en effet une dimension spécifique à cedernier, permettant la mise en relation de groupes, pratiques ou personnes réunis autour d’une même festivité,polymorphe et parfois déroutante. La seconde partie s’attache à présenter et analyser la multiplication des événementset mesures politiques et économiques qui firent du Carnaval une fête mobilisant un nombre croissant d’acteurs, au fild’un vingtième siècle marqué par d’importants bouleversements historiques nationaux. L’étude de la « constructionphysique » du Carnaval, autour d’un certain nombre de marqueurs spatiaux et matériels, de ses retombéeséconomiques et touristiques, ou de son impact sur les politiques régionales et nationales, façonne cette partie articuléeautour du déroulement « concret » du Carnaval et de ses variations historiques. Enfin, la troisième partie propose uneréflexion sur les modalités de représentation et de mise en scène de la société orureña et/ou bolivienne à travers leCarnaval, reflet ou illustration des nombreuses transformations du pays au cours du XXe siècle. Le Carnaval entraeffectivement dans une nouvelle étape de son histoire à partir des années quatre-vingt, devenant progressivement lethéâtre voire le creuset de processus politiques et de modalités de représentation toujours plus complexes. Cettedernière partie explore également des conflits ou interactions liés aux processus d’affirmation identitaire, culturelle oupolitique que généra et continue de générer le Carnaval, particulièrement depuis sa consécration par l’UNESCO en mai2001. L’ensemble de ce travail repose sur trois types de sources, mises en relation ou en contraste dans chacune desparties présentées. Les observations de terrain (2012, 2014, 2015) sont complétées par un important travail derépertoriage des archives de presse produites par le quotidien orureño La Patria, depuis sa fondation en 1919 jusqu’ànos jours, justifiant les bornes temporelles de l’étude. Près de 3.500 articles de presse ont ainsi été recensés et étudiés,permettant de mieux appréhender l’histoire du Carnaval et ses répercussions sur la société orureña. Les donnéesrésultant de la mise en place de deux questionnaires diffusés sur place et en ligne (2014, 2016) auprès de plusieurscentaines de danseurs et participants du Carnaval viennent enrichir ce corpus journalistique et donner à la réflexion unedimension sociologique. À travers ces différents supports, la présente thèse propose une étude des principaux enjeux,interactions et conflits suscités par le Carnaval sur la période 1920-2015, dans une approche à la fois synchronique etdiachronique, afin de cerner l’ampleur et la complexité d’un Carnaval étudié non seulement dans sa dimension festivepremière, mais aussi depuis ses coulisses ou enjeux souterrains, parfois moins manifestes ou explicitesFrom its proclamation as “Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity” by UNESCO in 2001, theOruro Carnival is being deeply highlighted. One of its specificities consists in its impressive evolution throughout theHistory, and in its dramatization of the Bolivian society conflicts. This work pretends to study the Carnival’stransformation during the 20 and 21st centuries (1920-2015), considering and understanding the metamorphosis of theOruro Carnival by taking initial postulates in the analysis of some of its most significant challenges and conflicts, aswell as the different interactions with economic, political, social or cultural produced by its historical evolution.The reflection focuses initially on temporary terms of Carnival, organized around a complex grid of events that shapeits schedule. Each moment of the period between the Carnival’s preparation and its development brings a specificdimension to it, allowing the development of relationship between groups, practices or people gathered around a samepolymorphic festivity. The second part aims to present and analyze the multiplication of events and political oreconomic measures that made the Carnival celebration mobilizing a growing number of players, over a century markedby major national historical upheavals. The study of the Carnival’s “physical construction”, around a great number ofspatial markers and equipment, its economic and tourism benefits, or its impact on the regional and national policy,shape this second part around the “concrete” course of Carnival and its historical changes. The third part proposes areflection on the modalities of representation and staging of the orureña and / or Bolivian society through a Carnivalthat reflects or illustrates some of the many transformations of the country during the twentieth century. The Carnivalthen entered a new stage in its history, becoming the theater of national political processes, and crystallizing newissues of representation. This last part also examines conflicts or interactions related to identity, cultural or politicalaffirmation processes, generated by the Carnival, especially since its consecration by UNESCO in May 2001. Thiswork is based on three types of sources. Field observations (in 2012, 2014 and 2015) are supplemented by importantwork of indexing newspaper archives produced by the orureño daily “La Patria”, since its foundation in 1919 untilnow, justifying the temporary terms of the study. Nearly 3.500 articles have been identified and studied to get to abetter understanding of the Carnival history and its impact on the orureña society. The data resulting from theimplementation of two questionnaires dissimilated locally and online (2014 and 2016) with hundreds of Carnivaldancers and participants, completes the journalistic corpus and gives an additional sociological dimension to thereflection. Through these media, this thesis proposes a study of the major issues, interactions and conflicts over theCarnival in the period 1920-2015, in both a synchronic and diachronic approach in order to better understand the scopeand complexity of the Carnival, not only in its festive dimension, but also for its underground scenes or issues,sometimes less obvious or explicit
21
Segura, Cajachagua Hans Mikhail. "Des nouvelles perspectives sur les mécanismes atmosphériques associés à la variabilité de précipitation des Andes tropicales du sud sur une gamme d’échelles de temps." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALU005.
Full textAbstract:
La population et les écosystèmes habitant des zones influencées par des systèmes de mousson sont extrêmement vulnérables aux phénomènes atmosphériques générateurs de sècheresses ou d’inondations ainsi qu’aux possibles changements de régime des précipitations associés au réchauffement climatique. C'est notamment le cas des Andes tropicales de l’hémisphère sud, où le principal pic de précipitation se produit en été austral, en lien avec la phase la plus développée de la mousson sud-américaine (MSA). Cette unique saison de pluie est la principale source d’eau pour les écosystèmes dans cette région semi-aride et pour les différentes activités socio-économiques et le réseau d’approvisionnement d’eau potable. Par ailleurs, , il y a des évènements météorologiques extrêmes propres à la saison sèche hivernale (juin-août), qui causent des dégâts importants au bétail et à la production agricole, et peuvent provoquer des pertes en vies humaines.Ainsi, la meilleure compréhension de la climatologie de la pluie dans cette région, pour prévoir les changements à long terme et l’amélioration de la prévision météorologique dans les cas d'évènements extrêmes, prend une dimension cruciale. Pour en revenir au point précèdent, il est très important de commencer à comprendre les mécanismes atmosphériques liés à la variabilité de pluie dans cette région andine, et ce, en prenant en compte les échelles de temps qui vont de la synoptique à des oscillations multi-décennales. C'est dans ce contexte précis que ces travaux de thèse ont été encadrés.Les études climatiques dans cette région sont rendues difficiles par l’absence d’un réseau de stations météorologiques et pluviométriques de bonne qualité. C’est pourquoi cette thèse s’est appuyée sur une utilisation combinée de différentes bases de données : mesures in situ, produits satellites, données de réanalyse et sorties de modélisation climatique.Dans un premier temps, l’analyse du régime pluviométrique des Andes tropicales entre 20°S et 1°N a conduit à identifier une sous-région comprise entre 20°S et 8°S (et qualifiée par la suite d’Andes Tropicales Sud), où le cycle saisonnier est unimodal avec des pluies concentrées sur les mois de décembre à mars. La pluie y est en effet fortement liée à la phase mature de la MSA. Plus au nord (8°S - 1°N), la MSA a moins d’influence et c’est la migration vers le sud de la zone de convergence intertropicale (ZCIT) qui détermine un pic saisonnier des pluies entre Février et Avril. La phase initiale de croissance de la MSA (octobre-novembre), provoque néanmoins une seconde saison des pluies entre 8°S et 5°S. En saison sèche (Juin-Août), les analyses synoptiques révèlent que la convection atmosphérique dans la zone occidentale de l’Amazonie peut se conjuguer avec des perturbations atmosphériques des latitudes extratropicales pour générer des évènements de pluie extrêmes dans les zones à haute altitude (> 3000 m) des Andes Tropicales Sud.En se basant sur les réanalyses et des simulations climatiques réalisées avec le modèle WRF on met également pour la première fois en évidence que la variabilité interannuelle des pluies d’été sur les Andes Tropicales Sud est contrôlée par la convection dans l’ouest de l’Amazonie, outre l'anticyclone de Bolivie. Nos résultats révèlent que l’anticyclone de Bolivie a été le facteur dominant de variabilité entre 1982 et 2002, mais que la convection atmosphérique dans l’ouest de l’Amazonie est devenue le facteur dominant depuis le début du 21ième siècle. Cette bascule est lié à l’intensification de l'activité convective dans l’ouest de l’Amazonie, qui explique aussi l’amoindrissement durable de la saison des pluies et le déficit de précipitation annuelle. En conclusion, nous avons identifié une liaison atmosphérique entre l’Amazonie occidentale et la zone de haute altitude des Andes Tropicales Sud sur plusieurs échelles de tempsPopulation and ecosystems in monsoon regions are highly vulnerable in face of weather- and climate-related hazards as droughts, floods, and precipitation changes due to global warming, among others. This is the case of the southern tropical Andes, which includes the southern Peruvian Andes and the Bolivian and Chilean Andes north of 20S. In this Andean region, the unique seasonal precipitation maximum occurs during the December-March season, which is the period of the mature phase of the South America Monsoon System (SAMS). Indeed, December-March precipitation is the principal water source for ecosystems and socio-economic activities as livestock farming, agriculture, and human consumption. On the other hand, extreme precipitation events occurring in the dry season (June-August), when SAMS does not exist, is a source of hazard for the population by killing livestock, devastating crop fields, and causing losses of human lives. Improving our knowledge of the rainfall climatology of this region, anticipating possible long term changes, and improving our forecasting skills is thus of crucial importance. This requires to identify the atmospheric mechanisms controlling the austral summer and winter precipitation variability in this Andean region over a wide range of time-scales, from synoptic to multidecadal, and this is the object of this thesis.The lack of a good quality network of meteorological stations and the complex topography of this region have hindered the proper identification of these mechanisms. For this reason, different data sets as in situ and satellite-based precipitation products, as well as reanalysis and climate modeling data sets are used in this thesis.Analyzing the regional precipitation over the tropical Andes from 20S and 1N, we defined the southern tropical Andes as the region from 20S to 8S, where the unimodal annual cycle of precipitation with a seasonal maximum in the December-March season dominates. Indeed, the region south of 12S and above 3000 m.a.s.l is the most influenced, in terms of precipitation, by the mature phase of the SAMS. We also found that the demise of the SAMS together with the southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in the February-April season involves a seasonal precipitation increment north of 8S. The onset of the SAMS, occurring in the September-November season, also creates a secondary seasonal precipitation maximum in the tropical Andes between 8S and 5S. In the season when the SAMS does not exist (June-August), western Amazon convection in association with extratropical perturbations trigger the most severe extreme precipitation events in the upper-elevation southern tropical Andes (>3000 m.a.s.l.).The analysis of the interannual variability indicates that, in addition to the Bolivian High, western Amazon convection is also a controlling mechanism of December-February precipitation over the upper-elevation southern tropical Andes. The existence of the relationship between precipitation and the two mechanisms, which are components of the SAMS, was confirmed by the use of the WRF model. While the Bolivian High explains the precipitation variability in the 1982-2002 period, western Amazon convection plays a more important role from 2002 onwards. This change in the controlling mechanism is, indeed, related to the long-term intensification of western Amazon convection, which is also associated with the less frequency of dry years in this Andean region. Thus, our results document for the first time and highlight the atmospheric connection existing between the western Amazon and the upper-elevation southern tropical Andes on different time-scales
22
Legros, Pascale. "Le magnétisme néogene d'arrière-arc de l'altiplano bolivien : pétrologie, géochimie et relation avec la structure lithosphérique des Andes Centrales." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30047.
Full textAbstract:
Les edifices volcaniques d'arriere-arc de l'altiplano bolivien, a l'est des stratovolcans des andes centrales, se sont mis en place durant le neogene et le quaternaire, a environ 600 km de la fosse, au-dessus d'une croute continentale dont l'epaisseur peut atteindre 70 km. A partir des caracteristiques volcanologiques, des teneurs en sio#2 et des donnees radiochronologiques obtenues sur la quasi totalite des edifices de l'altiplano central, nous mettons en evidence l'existence de deux groupes de laves : - un groupe g1 constitue de laves acides, sous forme de domes volcaniques et de stocks sub-volcaniques, et d'age miocene a pliocene (20 a 5 ma) ; - un groupe g2 forme par des laves plus basiques, sous forme de coulees, dykes et maars, et d'age miocene terminal a quaternaire (6 ma a environ 30 000 ans). En outre, nous montrons que l'on peut decouper ce magmatisme d'arriere-arc en deux principaux domaines geographiques : - un domaine oriental dans lequel les laves sont enrichies en lile et notamment en hfse (zr, nb, ti) ; elles possedent des compositions isotopiques tres radiogeniques en sr et en pb. Ces laves derivent vraisemblablement d'une source mantellique enrichie en lile et particulierement en hfse que nous supposons etre le manteau lithospherique sous-continental du bouclier bresilien. Ce bouclier serait sous-charrie jusqu'a l'aplomb de l'altiplano. Les magmas ont ensuite ete essentiellement contamines par la croute superieure en meme temps qu'ils subissaient un processus de cristallisation fractionnee (modele de type afc) ; - un domaine occidental ou les laves, moins riches en lile et en hfse, ont des signatures isotopiques moins radiogeniques en sr et en pb. Leur source mantellique a ete probablement modifiee par des fluides hydrates provenant de la croute subductee, selon un modele classique de metasomatose de manteau d'arc. Pour la plupart de ces magmas, la contamination crustale s'est produite a un stade precoce de leur histoire par l'intervention d'un composant a signature de croute inferieure (modele de type mash). Cependant, certains d'entre eux semblent avoir ete contamines par les deux types de composants (croutes inferieure et superieure). En outre, il apparait que les magmas de g1 derivent par cristallisation fractionnee des magmas de g2.
23
Antezana, Urquieta Fernando. "La participation populaire : exclusions et affirmations dans les Andes de Bolivie." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20031.
Full textAbstract:
Les processus de décentralisation sont partout d'actualité. L'Etat bolivien a impulsé dans les années 1990 une décentralisation, via la municipalisation. Parallèlement, la participation populaire fût l'orientation forte d'une politique de lutte contre la pauvreté donnant lieu, par la même occasion, à une actualisation des relations Etat/société. Dans ce contexte, les espaces ruraux boliviens vivent un moment historique, puisqu'il reçoivent désormais des subsides de l'Etat pour la prise en charge de leur développement. La thèse interroge ainsi le changement social, culturel et territorial qui se donnent à voir dans ces espaces depuis une quinzaine d'années, sous l'effet de l'application de la loi de Participation Populaire. Elle tente de montrer, en particulier, la manière dont les paysans traduisent, réinterprètent et " resignifient " la loi à partir de leur propres représentations, mondes et pratiques de vie. Deux municipes du département de Cochabamba, au sœur du piedmont andin bolivien (Bolivar et Tacopaya), constituent le laboratoire d'observation et d'analyse des nouveaux espaces sociaux générés par la décentralisation. De part leur présence et intervention dans la sphère politique local, les paysans s'introduisent désormais, avec leurs représentations et revendications propres, dans le champ d'action de l'Etat, historiquement raciste et excluant. Il s'agit, en d'autres termes, d'une profonde transformation des relations de pouvoir qui marque une rupture avec le temps long de l'histoire du pays, une sorte d'ajustement de " l'apartheid " politique et culturel bolivien. La Bolivie, et plus encore la société paysanne andine, oscille plus que jamais entre exclusion sociale et affirmation identitaireThe decentralization of the Bolivian state, during the 1990's has emphasized the municipal level, implemented through the Popular Participatory Law, a dispositive to actualize the relationship between State and society, as part of an anti poverty policy. In this context, the rural areas of the country live a historical period, receiving financial support from the State to implement development processes. The research puts into question the social, cultural, and territorial changes in those spaces, after twelve years of popular participation. The research shows how the peasants and indigenous translate, reinterpret and modify the law, from their own representations, practices and life worlds. Two Cochabamba's rural municipalities, placed in the highlands of the Bolivian Andean region (Bolívar and Tacopaya) are object of observation and analysis as expression of these new social spaces generated by decentralization. It is argued that peasants and indigenous articulate and intervene in the new local political scenarios and the state action field, historically racist and exclusive, with their own representation, promoting a deep transformation of the relationships of power and marking a rupture with the long history of the country and the Bolivian political and cultural apartheid. Bolivia, particularly the peasant and indigenous Andean society, today oscillate between the social exclusion and the identity affirmation
24
Cortes, Geneviève. "La migration : survie et mutations des sociétés paysannes andines : deux exemples dans le Valle Alto de Cochabamba (Bolivie)." Toulouse 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU20009.
Full textAbstract:
Face aux pressions externes et a la deterioration croissante des conditions de production (secheresse, pression fonciere , politiques nationales. . . ), les paysans boliviens en particulier ceux des vallees inter-andines de cochabamba, cherchen t a diversifier leur economie familiale et elargir leur espace de vie. A partir de trois exemples de communautes paysannes quechuas, cette etude montre le role que jouent actuellement la migration vers les zones de production de coca du chapare, ou encore la migration a l'etranger (argentine, etats-unis, israel. . . ), dans les logiques de subsistance paysannes, aussi bien du point de vue de la reproduction du groupe familial que communautaire. L'objectif principal de l'etude est de mettre en lumiere les mutations economiques et socioculturelles qu'engendre cette mobilite spatiale dans les zones de depart. Trois niveaux d'analyse sont developpes. La premiere partie traite des facteurs economiques, politiques et socioculturel s qui conduisent ces populations a diversifier leur economie par le biais de la migration. La deuxieme partie se place du point de vue de la logique spatiale familiale et tente de situer ces strategies migratoires dans le contexte national et international (economie de la coca-cocaine, traditions d'emigration). La troisieme partie cherche a identifier les r etombees de la migration sur le devenier de la societe paysanne a partir d'enquetes micro-economiques (analyse des syste mes de production, provenance des revenus familiaux, niveaux et modes de consommation, satisfaction des besoins alimenta ires et nutritionnels)Faced with external pressures and deterioration of the production conditions (land partitionning, national policy), the bolivian peasants, especially those of the interandean valleys of cochabamba, are diversifying their familial economy and extending thir living space. The study of three quechua peasant communities underlines the role played by the migration, either to coca producing lands (chapare) or abroad (argentina, united states, israel. . . ), in peasant subsiste nce, both in terms of family or community growth. The major objective is to point out the economical and sociocultural mutations induced by this spacial mobility in the andean peasant society. Three levels of analysis have been developped; the first part deals with economical, political and socio-cultural factors that lead these people to diversify their economy through migration. The second part analyses the family spatial logistics and attempts to situate the migratory strategies in the national and international context (coca-cocain econo my, emigration traditions). The aim of the third part is to identify the impacts of migration on the peasant society using micro-economical surveys (analysis of production systems, sources of family incomes, levels and types of consommation, fullfillment of alimentary and nutritional needs)
25
Gégourel, Magali. "L'âme du condor et l'ombre de l'espagnol : l'univers chtonien chez les indiens de la vallée de Charazani (Bolivie)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0280.
Full textAbstract:
L'étude sur l'inframonde andin montre que les indigènes des communautés rurales de Charazani (Bolivie) réinterprètent les concepts de diable et les cultes au Christ introduits par les évangélisateurs lors de la Conquête. Tout commence au temps obscur durant lequel, pour les ancêtres, un condor redoutable qui rythme leur vie équivaut à l'estre diurne, à l'âme véritable liée au Christ solaire. L'âme de substitution ou âme du condor, disparue sous terre deupuis la première apparition du soleil, y poursuit un rôle de substitut christique associé à l'Espagne. S'ensuivent les rituels axés sur des dualités topographiques ou les paysans lui donnent chair parmi les diables jusqu'à oa fin de l'amnée agricole. Le monde chthonien constitue un monde de reproductions aussi bien agricole que sociale, à l'origine de la différenciation des gens et de la modernité. Son économie et son système de parenté le confirment et donnent lieu à des notions liées à une organisation par pairesThe study of the Andean subterranean world shows that the natives of Charazani rural communities (Bolivia) have their own interpretation of the concepts of devil and the cults of Christ introduced by the missonaries during the Conquest. All began at the darkness time when, for their ancestors, a fearsome condor marked the rythm of life, as does the diurnal star or the real soul linked with the solar-Christ. The soul of substitution or the condor's soul, which goes underground at the Christ's revelation, continues there his role of christical substitute associated to Spain. The peasants embody him among devils in rituals including topographical dualities until the end of the agricultural cycle. The diabolic universe represents the world of reproduction in agriculture and society responsible for the separation between people and the modern life. The economy and the kinship system of the subterranean world confirm this idea and give rise to an organization by pairs
26
Kent, Robert B. "Circular and rectangular folk silos in the Andes of Southern Bolivia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119590.
Full textAbstract:
This paper documents the presence, characteristics, and distribution of folk silos (crop storage structures) in the southern portion of the department of Cochabamba, Bolivia. Known locally as trojes or silos, these silos are constructed in circular and rectangular plans from adobe and local plant materials. Circular silos are used primarily to store com, while a wider variety of crops, including potatoes, peanuts, wheat, and barley are stored in the rectangular silos. A review of the literature on crop storage structures in the Andean region suggests that the design and use of these present-day silos is likely of Inca origin.
27
Sylvestre, Florence. "La dernière transition glaciaire-interglaciaire (18 000-8 000 14C ans B. P. ) des Andes tropicales du Sud (Bolivie) d'après l'étude des diatomées." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MNHN0009.
Full textAbstract:
Les Andes tropicales Sud de Bolivie (15-23°) comprennent des bassins endoréiques favorables à l'enregistrement des variations climatiques passées. La présente étude porte sur des dépôts lacustres qui ont été prélevés en différents points du bassin de Uyuni-Coipasa et d'un ensemble de petits bassins intravolcaniques du Sud-Ouest de la Bolivie. La chronologie s'appuie sur des datations 14C et U/Th. Les variations des niveaux lacustres ont été estimées d'après les observations sur le terrain (altitude des dépôts) et les assemblages de diatomées. Les modifications de la composition ionique et de la salinité ont ete estimées par fonction de transfert à partir d'une calibration sur les milieux actuels boliviens. Les résultats obtenus permettent de définir les changements majeurs de l'évolution des lacs entre 20 000 et 8 000 14C ans B. P. Ces changements qui enregistrent les variations du facteur P-E (Précipitation-Evaporation) ne peuvent pas s'expliquer par les seules modifications de l'insolation en relation avec les paramètres orbitaux. Par comparaison avec les variations du niveau marin, l'évolution des lacs suggère que le climat des Andes tropicales Sud a évolué en étroite relation avec les grandes étapes de la déglaciation globale.
28
Bold, Rosalyn Ann. "Landscapes of alterity : climate change in contemporary Bolivia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/landscapes-of-alterity-climate-change-in-contemporary-bolivia(0bf74c00-8d46-49ba-b6fc-ed28c8b107b3).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis considers perceptions of climate change in contemporary Bolivia. It commences with a view of a small highland community, Kaata, and expands outwards, tracing the networks of migration that connect this village to the city, and looking at how climate change discourse changes as we scale up to the national and international level. Climate change is considered in Kaata to constitute an ontological shift from the networks of reciprocity which until recently comprised a whole landscape, holding community members to one another as well as to neighbouring villages and telluric landscape spirits. Young people now increasingly desire city made commodities, engaging in capitalist relations which lead them away from this landscape. Climate change thus charts a weakening of the community, of people, their fields and rituals. While a modernist perspective is inclined to separate the weather, as ‘nature’, from ‘culture’ or human actions, Kaateños consider all these conversant animate elements of a system. I take this emic definition of climate change as the basis of this thesis. We continue, following the human element of this landscape, the young people, in the networks that draw them into the city, analysing the desires by which they are led there. Crucially, these are shaped by mimesis, emulating the city/western other through changing dress and dancing styles. I show how these dynamics of alterity are deeply rooted, resembling classic structuralist analyses of Andean culture based in the ethnic interplay of self and other. In Chapter Three I look at efforts to reform Bolivia’s agricultural system through implementing Food Sovereignty (FS). The social movements representing Kaata hope this would connect such villages into national markets and thus motivate young people to remain there through integrating the village into cash economies. I explore how such measures become influenced by a city-based discourse of an ideal rural ‘other’, which is inadequate to the contemporary reality of villages like Kaata, and limits their efficacy, even where young people desire return migration. The FS discourse is similarly influenced by a search for an ideal ‘other’ removed from capitalism. In Chapter Four I assess President Evo Morales’ claim to be effecting a pachakuti, a shift in the ontological bases of the nation, equal and counterposed to the Spanish conquest. Kaata challenges Morales’ assertion of a pachakuti of Andean against colonial values, as it considers that it is shifting to become more ‘white’. Indian actors are nationally rising within a landscape determined by international capital, revealing Morales’ pachakuti to be human-centred. Rather than transforming existing landscapes to make them more indigenous, this is a pachakuti or ontological shift to the landscape of the western ‘other’, entailing the ‘death’ of the highlands and tradition. The Tipnis crisis presents challenges Morales on the national stage. I conclude that while the animist landscapes Kaata evokes can help moderns conceptualise climate change, it does not provide the solution sought after from animist indigenous peoples at an international level. While they are fetishized as ‘the people outside capitalism’, human agency is but a small factor in an animist landscape, and humans have not the agency to combat climate change.
29
Vedrenne, José Damien. "Les populations des Andes centro-méridionales, et leur situation alimentaire." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11181.
Full text
30
Ursule, Jean-Philippe. "Sédimentation et structure de la formation Cangalli, Bolivie. Conséquences sur la distribution de l’or en contexte tectonique actif (paléo-placer)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10200/document.
Full textAbstract:
La « Formation Cangalli » (Cordillère Orientale, Bolivie) est une formation détritique, glaciofluviatile au potentiel aurifère (paléo-placer) avéré dans la région de Tipuani-Mapiri. Cette thèse a pour objectif de déterminer l’origine, la source, les modalités d’apport ainsi que les conditions de dépôts de la « Formation Cangalli » sur un secteur en cours d’évaluation par la société Rexma SAS (secteur de la mine « La Esperanza », sud de Caranavi). L’analyse de la structure de la formation et de la répartition de l’or doit permettre d’évaluer le potentiel aurifère de ce secteur et de proposer des guides de prospection de l’or. Le travail a consisté à développer en parallèle des approches terrain (topographie, cartographie, exploration de ruisseaux, étude de faciès sédimentologiques, études granulométriques sur gros volume, échantillonnage) et laboratoire (caractérisation des clastes et de la matrice par pétrographie optique, MEB, DRX, microsonde, CHONS). L’analyse sédimentologique a permis de proposer un modèle de remplissage en adéquation avec l’évolution tectonique de la Cordillère Orientale des Andes. Le remplissage présente 4 séquences dont 3 d’entre elles possèdent une alternance entre des dépôts fluviatiles et des dépôts de cônes alluviaux.La comparaison des deux faciès de Cangalli aisément identifiables sur le terrain par deux couleurs différentes (bleu et rouge) a montré que la distinction n’était pas stratigraphique mais liée à une altération affectant la formation initiale bleue.L’étude de la distribution des particules d’or (125-1000 μm) a montré que l’or est d’origine hydrothermale. De plus, les résultats montrent clairement que la distribution de l’or est hétérogène dans la « Formation Cangalli » les niveaux les plus enrichis se trouvant en base de séquence. Ces résultats permettent de poser les bases d’une exploitation industrielle de la concession minièreThe “Cangalli Formation” (Eastern Cordillera, Bolivia) is a detrital, glacofluvial formation with an established gold potential (paleo-placer) in the Tipuani-Mapiri region. This thesis aims to determine the origin, source, contribution and deposition conditions of the "Cangalli Formation" on an area being assessed by the Rexma SAS Company (area of the mine “La Esperanza”, south of Caranavi). The analysis of the formation structure and gold distribution should allow to evaluate the gold potential of this sector and to provide guidelines for gold prospecting. Two parallel approaches have been developed: fieldwork (topography, mapping, stream exploration, sedimentological study of facies, granulometry, sampling) and laboratory experiments (clasts and matrix characterization using optical petrography, SEM, XRD, microprobe, CHONS). Sedimentological analysis allowed to propose a filling model in line with the tectonic evolution of the Andean Cordillera Real. The filling shows 4 sequences, 3 of them consist of an alternation between fluvial and alluvial deposits. Comparison of the two Cangalli facies easily recognizable on the field by two different colors (blue and red) showed that the distinction was not stratigraphic but associated with an alteration affecting the initial blue formation. The study of the distribution of gold particles (125-1000 microns) showed that gold is of hydrothermal origin. In addition, the results clearly show that the gold distribution is heterogeneous in the "Cangalli Formation" the riches levels being in the basal sequences. These results lay the groundwork for industrial exploitation of the mining concession
31
Charlier, Zeineddine Laurence. "L'homme-proie : prédation, agentivité et conflictualité dans les Andes boliviennes." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0440.
Full textAbstract:
Dans les communautés andines étudiées, la rupture de la réciprocité et le déséquilibre social et/ou cosmogonique sont deux notions manifestement insuffisantes pour expliquer les agressions d’entités prédatrices et plus largement pour comprendre les êtres prédateurs surnaturels ainsi que les modalités des relations qui les lient aux humains. En effet, le contrôle de la corporéité constitue un moyen de préserver de l’infortune. Il s’agit, entre autres, de veiller à toujours se remplir, les contenus garantissant la complétude et la « fernmeture » des corps empêchant ainsi l’incorporation d’entités prédatrices. Le contrôle de l’état émotionnel et plus exactement les usages pragmatiques des pensées et des souvenirs (yuya) se révèlent tout aussi fondamentaux puisque le contenu référentiel de ces derniers explique (produit ou amorce) les apparitions et les actes des prédateurs. Enfin, les lieux et les moments choisis par les humains pour se déplacer ainsi que les rapports de communication établis entre ceux-ci et un esprit prédateur sont également décisifs. Si l’homme a la possibilité d’être un agent , cette agentivité (virtuelle ou exercée) ne le préserve pourtant nullement des agressions prédatrices : l’extraction constitue un schème étiologique de la maladie et de l’infortune. Enfin, la prédation apparaît comme étant à la fois l’origine et l’expression de la conflictualité. En effet, l’ennemi identifié est celui qui agit en tant que preneur. Cet ennemi est ensuite décrit comme un prédateur. Proie du diable, l’homme se considère donc aussi comme la proie de son ennemi et plus généralement, l’homme s’appréhende comme un véritable « homme-proie »In the studied Andean communities, the breakoff of reciprocity and the social and/or cosmogonical imbalance are two obviously deficient notions to explain attacks from predatory entities and more broadly to understand supernatural predatory beings as well as the modalities of relations which link them to human beings. Indeed, the control of corporeity constitutes a means to protect themselves against adversity. It is a question, among other things, to always fill up as the contents guarantee the completness and the « closure » of bodies, thus preventing the incorporation of predatory entities. The control of the emotional state and more exactly the pragmatic uses of thoughts and memories (yuya) are just as fundamental since their referential contents explain (product or generate) the apparitions and acts of the predators. Finally, the times and places chosen by human beings to move as well as the reports of communication established between them and a predatory spirit are also decisive. Even if the human being has the possibility to be an agent, this agency (virtual or active) doesn’t preserve him from all predatory attacks : extraction constitutes an etiological structure of illness and adversity. Finally, predation appears to be at the same time the origin and the expression of confliction. Indeed, the identified enemy is the one who acts as a taker. This enemy is then described as a predator. Prey of the demon, the human being also considers himself as the prey of his enemy and more generally, as a real « prey-man »
32
Ruel, Manon. "Changements et enjeux dans la commercialisation alternative de l'artisanat andin : retombées sociales et politiques de la participation des femmes autochtones à des associations de commerce alternatif à La Paz et à El Alto, Bolivie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24655/24655.pdf.
Full text
33
Rochat, Philippe. "Structures et cinématique de l'Altiplano nord-bolivien au sein des Andes centrales." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00518070.
Full textAbstract:
L'Altiplano est un haut plateau caractéristique des Andes Centrales entre 10°S et 27°S. C'est un bassin original de par ses dimensions et sa position dans un contexte orogénique. Il constitue un bassin sédimentaire intramontagneux qui a enregistré les étapes de la déformation de l'orogène andin. L'étude a pour objectif de proposer un modèle évolutif du bassin et de ses bordures. Nous avons pris en compte les données de la géophysique et de géologie (tectonique, sédimentation, géomorphologie). Nous nous sommes intéressés aux relations tectonique-érosion-sédimentation qui représentent les trois variables principales pour résoudre l'équation régissant la genèse et le fonctionnement d'un bassin continental déformé. L'étude lithostratigraphjque des séries tertiaires permet de proposer un agencemern en six séquences pour les formations tertiaires de l'Altiplano : Séquence 1 : Eocène-Ologocène inférieur ; 2 : Oligocène supérieur-Miocène inférieur ; 3 : Miocène moyen 4 : Miocène supérieur; 5 : Pliocène inférieur ;6 : pliocène supérieur-Pléistocène. Le découpage séquentiel de la série stratigraphique permet de mettre en place un diagramme chrono-stratigraphique de la sédimentation tertiaire sur l' Altiplano et ses bordures qui met en évidence les variations des espaces de sédimentation. L'étude structurale montre que les déformations compressives sur l'Altiplano sont principalement issues d' une tectonique tangentielle de couverture et/ou de dans les parties centraIes et orientales et d' une tectonique de réactivation de failles de socle dans les parties occidentales. L'analyse détaillée des dispositifs, à partir de sismique réflexion, a mis en évidence la présence d'hétérogénéités tectoniques ou sédimentaires qui ont influencé les formations compressives andines. La répartition et les orientations de ces hétérogénéités permettent de proposer un nouvel agencement tectonique de l' Altiplano, La structuration des Andes Centrales est liée à deux processus majeurs qui sont l' épaississement crustal tectonique et l'épaississement par sous-plaquage de matériel crustaI érodé. Ces processus sont les conséquences des mécanismes de raccourcissement tectonique et d'érosion crustale de la marge Chilienne qui permettent l'accomodation du déplacement aux limites, lié à la cinématique d'ouverture de l'Altlantique. La compétition entre les deux mécanismes permanents aux limites du système andin (ouverture de l'Atlantique à l' Est et érosion crustale à l'Ouest) détermine l'activation du raccourcissement crustaI. Dans ce contexte, les Andes centrales ne sont des chaînes de subduction que par le contrôle qu'exerce la surface de subduction sur les modalités des variations du phénomène d'érosion crustale.
34
Rochat, Philippe. "Structures et cinématique de l'Altiplano nord-bolivien au sein des Andes centrales /." Grenoble : Laboratoire de géologie de l'Université I de Grenoble, laboratoire de géodynamique des chaînes alpines, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38910641g.
Full text
35
Syrek, Jonathon F. "Tectonic and climatic influences on bedrock channels traversing the Central Andes, Bolivia." The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2013.
Find full text
36
Calvo, Pérez Julio. "Lengua aimara y evaluación de préstamos en el español de Bolivia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102451.
Full text
37
Miller, James Fisher. "Granite petrogenesis in the Cordillera Real, Bolivia and crustal evolution in the Central Andes." Thesis, Open University, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292357.
Full text
38
Smith, Colby A. "A comparison of glacial chronologies between the Eastern and Western Cordilleras, Bolivia." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211995355.
Full text
39
Hashizume, Mauricio Hiroaki. "A formação do movimento Katarista. classe e cultura nos Andes bolivianos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-20062011-102911/.
Full textAbstract:
O protagonismo social de camponeses e indígenas na Bolívia é comumente associado à particular composição étnico-cultural da população do país vizinho. O exame do katarismo - nome herdado do índio insurgente Tupac Katari, que liderou rebelião contra os colonizadores espanhóis no final do século XVIII -, especialmente em sua fase inicial (1969 a 1985), permite uma compreensão mais ampla e complexa do processo de formação, mudança e consolidação da classe trabalhadora boliviana. Antes disso, o trabalhador era representado pela figura do operário mineiro. A partir do surgimento de corrente político-ideológica de valorização étnico-cultural nos grandes centros urbanos e do fortalecimento de novas lideranças do sindicalismo no campo (como Jenaro Flores e Raimundo Tambo), os camponeses-indígenas se consolidam, em um intervalo de aproximadamente 15 anos, como os principais atores sociais das classes populares na Bolívia e reforçam o seu papel no que se refere à organização da sociedade. Ao assumir a problematização da dialética entre os rasgos tradicionais (ou pré-modernos) e as características tipicamente modernas que compõem o movimento, são enfocados os elementos de classe, de um lado, e os antecedentes mais ligados à etnia, de outro. A obra de E. P. Thompson acerca da centralidade das classes sociais é utilizada como referência, juntamente com contribuições de outros autores como Marx, Fernandes, Stavenhagen, Wood e Sewell, para ajudar a decifrar essa combinação entre mobilizações de cunho tradicional e aspectos ligados à modernidade, com especial destaque para a opção katarista pela disputa institucional dentro da estrutura sindical. Nesse sentido, fatores subjetivos (como a teoria dos dois olhos) se imiscuem com a concretude do racismo e do paternalismo, em meio a choques e influências decorrentes da relação com outras correntes de pensamento. Além da questão territorial, também são abordadas as práticas do cotidiano como a atuação das igrejas, o futebol, a rádio e o comércio popular com significados próprios dos povos originários. A análise da formação do katarismo permite um olhar privilegiado de como as estruturais por trás da classe social moderna ideal podem se articular com costumes, tradições e valores étnico-culturais reais dentro de um complexo contexto de país subdesenvolvido.The social prominence of peasants-indigenous people in Bolivia is trivially associated with a \"special\" ethnic and cultural composition of country\'s population. Through the analysis of katarist movement, on behalf of Tupac Katari (aymara leader who headed a mass rebellion against Spanish colonial administration in 1781), it\'s possible to stress the making of \"working class\" with all wide changes and/or continuities. Until the emergence of Katarism, workers are almost synonymous with miners. After the organization of urban groups promoting the ethnic and cultural values and cosmology and the rising of new leadership in agrarian unions (like Jenaro Flores and Raimundo Tambo) in the end of 1960\'s, the peasant-indigenous sector become a strong social and political agent, taking a crucial role for whole working class and society\'s organization, in a just few 15 years. Traditional (or pre-modern) customs and heritages coexist with modern logics and patterns in the core of katarist movement. Putting the class in central position - as E. P. Thompson does, adding contributions from Marx, Fernandes, Stavenhagen, Wood and Sewell -, this dissertation assumes the challenge of tracking this combination of traditional mobilizations and subjects around modernity. In this effort, it\'s important to point that the katarist leaders have been chosen an \"institutional\" path (within the official agrarian union schemes) to put their demands and proposals. Subjective factors (the aymara \"theory of two eyes\", one more indigenous e another more peasant, bounded in a class structure) are mixed with racism and paternalism. Notable shocks and influences come from outside the movement as well. Beyond the territorial issue, there were little parts of Katarism in everyday\'s practices involving foreign churches, soccer, radio shows and popular commerce (that curiously reveals ancient peoples beliefs in street fairs,, not just monetary and goods exchange). Katarist movement show in a sense how \"unreal\" can be the ideal and \"pure\" theories about the social class and how \"real\", different and apparently controversial elements of class and culture are acting together to change Bolivian society.
40
Izquierdo, Díaz Jorge Simón. "El divorcio en los Andes. El caso del entorno de Tarabuco (Chuquisaca, Bolivia)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668209.
Full textAbstract:
En la presente tesis me planteo la siguiente pregunta de partida: ¿Es estable el matrimonio andino? El divorcio en la cultura yampara es la no consolidación de una pareja, que puede romper tras años de convivencia y con hijos. Es un proceso de desgaste de un proyecto de convivencia. El matrimonio formal es una validación social de que la pareja ha funcionado, pero no es un requisito para convivir. Independientemente del grado de estabilidad del matrimonio o de la frecuencia de divorcio en las comunidades andinas, me llama la atención el tratamiento secundario que el divorcio ha recibido en la etnografía regional andina, por lo tanto, me gustaría saber, cómo la marginalización del tema a nivel académico ha ejercido influencia sobre los estudios de la familia y parentesco andinos. La tesis incide en diferentes aspectos de la familia, matrimonio y divorcio en el proceso sociopolítico de reconstitución de la nación originaria yampara. El lugar elegido para el trabajo de campo de la tesis de doctorado se llama Tarabuco, una pequeña población andina, capital de la provincia de Yamparaez, en el Departamento de Chuquisaca, capital Sucre, Bolivia. He realizado trabajo de campo en los dos tipos de comunidades tarabuqueñas: comunidades de sindicato y comunidades de ayllu (cultura yampara).
41
Mendoza-Botelho, Martín. "Decentralisation, social capital and social change in the Andes : the case of Bolivia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611446.
Full text
42
Figueroa, A. Oscar. "Pétrologie du volcan Licancabur zone volcanique des Andes centrales (Chili - Bolivie) /." Online version, 2001. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/24857.
Full text
43
Figueroa, A. Oscar. "Pétrologie du volcan Licancabur Zone volcanique des Andes Centrales (Chili-Bolivie)." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066091.
Full text
44
Véricourt, Virginie. "Aux seuils de la foudre cultes, langages religieux et chamanisme dans le nord de potosi (andes boliviennes)." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030071.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche porte sur les representations religieuses de la foudre dans le quotidien et la pensee symbolique d'une population rurale des andes (nord de potosi, bolivie). Le pelerinage de bombori donne un premier cadre d'analyse au culte collectif de santiago. La mytho-histoire de ce saint (apparente aux representations de la foudre) et l'organisation sociale du culte (a l'echelle des communautes) permet d'etudier les modeles mythiques, les pratiques et les croyances religieuses en vigueur au sein des populations etudiees. Le discours, la pensee symbolique des officiants du culte (les yatiris) ainsi que la pratique rituelle du cabildo (session divinatoire) rendent compte des representations chamaniques regionales. A travers ces differents contextes, le culte de la foudre se formule toujours a partir d'une notion de "seuil" ou de mediation. Tout en degageant des concepts, notre analyse s'attache d'abord a decoder des formes de ritualisation : ritualisation d'une relation avec le saint de la foudre dans des contextes cultuels collectifs ; ritualisation d'une relation personnalisee entre les devins-guerisseurs et les divinites de la foudre ; enfin, ritualisation de la langue qui permet d'etablir une communication, dans la parole, avec ces divinites. Ce travail privilegie, d'une part, l'analyse d'une pragmatique et d'un langage religieux, et d'autre part, les processus symboliques plutot que leurs structuresReligious representations of thunder in every day life and in the symbolic thinking of a rural population in the andes (north potosi, bolivia) are the aim of this research. A collective form of the cult of santiago (saint james) is first given by the study of the pilgrimage to bombori. This saint's mytho-history (linked to the representations of thunder's divinities) and the social organization of the cult (in the communities) enables one to study next the myths and the religious beliefs and practices. The discourse, the symbolical thinking of the officiants (kwnow as the "yatiris") and ritual practice of the "cabildo" (divinatory session) reveal the expressions of the shamanistic representations. Within the different religious contexts, the thunder-cult is always tied to the notion of "threshold" or mediation. In order to formulate the concepts, our analysis first decodes the forms of ritualisation : riualisation of a relation with the saint of thunder within a collective context of cult ; ritualisation of a personal relation between the diviner-healers and the thunder-divinities ; and finally ritualisation of language which permits the establishment of a communication within speech with the aforesaid divinities. This research stresses on a one hand the analysis of a praxis and a religious language and, on the other, the symbolic processes rather than their structures
45
Lecoq, Patrice. "Datos preliminares sobre el Periodo Formativo en el sur de Potosí, Bolivia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113433.
Full textAbstract:
The Formative Period in Southern Potosí, Bolivia: A Preliminary ReportIn the southern Andes, the period dated from 1600 A.C. to 400 A.D. is usually known as the Formative Period. It is characterized by the apparition of the first agro-pastoral or agro-fisherman communities and the first form of religious and political organization. In the southern part of the Bolivian territory, a series of surface surveys help us to localize new settlements which belong to this period. Most of them are small villages which show the remains of structures such as mud houses or stone terraces. This paper illustrates what could have been the nature of the occupation of this vast area during the Formative Period, emphasizing the settlement pattern and ceramic artifacts. It also tries to present some of the main axes which connected this area to the other countries nearby.En los Andes del sur, a la etapa comprendida entre aproximadamente 1600 a.C. a 400 d.C. se le conoce como Periodo Formativo. Se caracteriza por la aparición de las primeras comunidades agroalfareras, agroganaderas o de subsistencia basada en la pesca así como en el florecimiento de las primeras formas de organización religiosa y política. Las regiones meridionales de Potosí, en el sur de Bolivia, presentan varios sitios que corresponden a esta época que recientemente han sido estudiados. En su mayoría se trata de pequeñas aldeas que muestran aún los restos de sus estructuras (viviendas de barro o piedra y terrazas de cultivo). En este ensayo se presentan las características de la ocupación de esta época en Potosí, haciendo énfasis en el patrón de asentamiento y la alfarería. Estos datos permiten plantear algunas hipótesis sobre las relaciones que pudieron tener con áreas vecinas.
46
Caballero, Yvan. "Modélisation des écoulements d'origine pluvio-nivo-glaciaire en contexte de haute montagne tropicale : application à la haute-vallée du Zongo (Bolivie)." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20134.
Full text
47
Claudel, Cécile. "Se "faire" vecino à Mocomoco : identité sociale et représentations de l'espace de la petite bourgeoisie rurale dans les Andes boliviennes." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0052.
Full textAbstract:
Articulant ethnologie et histoire, cette thèse se consacre à l'identité sociale et aux représentations de l'espace de la petite bourgeoisie rurale en Bolivie, à partir d'une monographie sur le bourg de Mocomoco (province Camacho, département de La Paz) situé dans une vallée de la cordillère orientale. Jusqu'alors peu etudiés et peu documentés dans les recherches américanistes, les « vecinos de pueblo » , ni paysans-indiens ni bourgeois urbains, ont une position stratégique dans les dynamiques ou les stagnations sociales du monde andin depuis ses origines coloniales. La catégorie socio-ethnique du vecino -le créole ou métis s'opposant a l'indien- et son statut qui correspond au droit de bourgeoisie des cites d'ancien régime, étant en perpétuelle construction, l'auteur a préféré se demander « qu'est-ce qui 'fait' un vecino ». En effet, la reforme agraire de 1953, vécue ici comme une rupture ayant profondément bouleversé la structure sociale locale, a permis un renouveau des membres du groupe vecino sans modifier cependant le contenu idéologique de ce dernier ni les régimes de tenure foncière par lesquels les rapports sociaux de production et de différenciation entre vecinos et paysans aymara se maintiennent jusqu'aujourd'hui. La thèse est organisée en deux parties : l'une est consacrée au passe et à l'inscription de l'organisation sociale dans l'espace en privilégiant la fin du xixe siècle; l'autre présente des données ethnographiques sur le « chemin » que doit emprunter aujourd'hui le candidat au statut de vecino avec un privilège important accordé à l'utilisation de l'espace semi-urbain du bourg et à l'analyse des discours et de la mémoire.
48
Perrier, Bruslé Laetitia. "La dernière frontière, loin des Andes, trop près du Brésil : la frontière orientale et la construction du territoire en Bolivie." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010582.
Full textAbstract:
En Bolivie tout renvoie aux Andes. Pourtant le pays posède les deux tiers de son territoire dans les plaines orientales. Faiblement occupées, elles connaîtront un destin semblable aux autres périphéries : elles seront en partie cédées aux voisins. Pour parer aux doutes suscités par cette histoire tragique, un territoire imaginé se substitue au territoire réel. L'Oriente, région "frontier", y occupe la part du rêve. A l'échelle locale, les frontaliers ne s'en soucient guère. Pour survivre, malgré l'isolement, ils s'adonnent à tous les trafics. Les années 90 marquent un tournant : la frontière est intégrée à l'espace national. Elle doit s'assagir. Entre rêves anciens, projets nationaux et déviances locales, le destin de la frontière, et celui du territoire, semblent hésiter. L'édification d'un territoire sanctuaire a été le grand projet national. Il est sur le point d'être atteint. Mais certaines dynamiques contrarient cette évolution (le régionalisme, l'autonomie locale, l'intégration continentale). Il faut repenser le statut de la zone frontière
49
Buttolph, Lita P. "Rangeland Dynamics and Pastoral Development in the High Andes: The Camelid Herders of Cosapa, Bolivia." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6558.
Full textAbstract:
Current models of rangeland system dynamics were evaluated in Cosapa, a pastoral community on the Bolivian altiplano. Two specific models were tested: the "equilibrium" model, which assumes biotic interactions dominate rangeland dynamics and lead to system stability , and the "nonequilibrium" model, in which stochastic, abiotic factors control systems such that equilibrium is never attained. A livestock development project (called "Project Alpaca ") working in the community was then assessed in terms of how its assumptions of system dynamics compared with empirical findings. The goal of Project Alpaca was to increase incomes for camelid (i.e., llama and alpaca) herders on the Bolivian altiplano by improving the processing, production, and marketing of alpaca wool. Project implementation was carried out by an indigenous herders' association, with funds provided for construction of a modern alpaca wool processing plant and technical interventions at the farm level.
Specific research objectives were to determine which conceptual model of system dynamics (equilibrium or nonequilibrium) best approximated the vegetation and livestock dynamics in Cosapa, and determine the impacts of technical innovations introduced by Project Alpaca . Vegetation dynamics were assessed by comparing plant species composition and production between grazed and ungrazed sites. Pastoral management strategies, livestock population dynamics between 1982 to 1995, and project impacts were assessed using a household survey.
Results from the vegetation analyses showed that grazing protection had little impact on plant productivity, but reduced species diversity in wetland areas. The vegetation thus exhibited nonequilibrial characteristics. Regarding livestock dynamics, populations were relatively stable (over 13 years), although mortality was affected by severe drought, suggesting a combination of equilibrial and nonequilibrial interactions . Project Alpaca assumed an equilibrium model by emphasizing system stability and production maximization. The technical interventions showed positive, negative, and neutral associations with animal productivity. Construction of fenced exclosures on communal land has increased conflicts over land tenure rights, and may marginalize poorer households and increase social stratification . Development recommendations include shifting efforts away from intensification interventions that limit movement and flexibility, and strengthening social and economic networks that buffer the impacts of system variability.
50
Mercado, Guerra Javier. "Religiosidad y folklorismo en dos festividades patronales de los Andes : Potosí (Bolivia) y Ayquina (Chile)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2012. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116014.
Full text