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Journal articles on the topic 'Bolivian Andes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

McQueen, Cyrus B. "Niche Diversification of Sphagnum in Bolivia." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 13, no. 1 (December 31, 1997): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.13.1.8.

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Niche breadth values of Sphagnum species in the páramo and cloud forests of Bolivia are similar to those reported for Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in North America, but niche overlap values are higher for Sphagnum species in Bolivia. The pH, conductivity, and concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P suggest that Sphagnum habitats in Bolivia are ombrotrophic in nature. Sphagnum is limited to small, scattered carpets in the páramo and cloud forests of the Bolivian Andes between 1800 and 4200 m. Common species found in these habitats include S. alegrense Warnst., S. boliviae Warnst., S. cuspidatum Ehrh., S. magellanicum Brid., S. oxyphyllum Warnst., S. recurvum P. Beauv., S. sanctojosephense Crum & Crosby, and S. sparsum Hampe.

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2

Goodale, Mark Ryan. "Indigenous Legality in the Bolivian Andes." PoLAR: Political html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii=""/ Legal Anthropology Review 22, no. 2 (November 1999): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/pol.1999.22.2.139.

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3

Cook, Simon J., Ioannis Kougkoulos, Laura A. Edwards, Jason Dortch, and Dirk Hoffmann. "Glacier change and glacial lake outburst flood risk in the Bolivian Andes." Cryosphere 10, no. 5 (October 20, 2016): 2399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-10-2399-2016.

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Abstract. Glaciers of the Bolivian Andes represent an important water resource for Andean cities and mountain communities, yet relatively little work has assessed changes in their extent over recent decades. In many mountain regions, glacier recession has been accompanied by the development of proglacial lakes, which can pose a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) hazard. However, no studies have assessed the development of such lakes in Bolivia despite recent GLOF incidents here. Our mapping from satellite imagery reveals an overall areal shrinkage of 228.1 ± 22.8 km2 (43.1 %) across the Bolivian Cordillera Oriental between 1986 and 2014. Shrinkage was greatest in the Tres Cruces region (47.3 %), followed by the Cordillera Apolobamba (43.1 %) and Cordillera Real (41.9 %). A growing number of proglacial lakes have developed as glaciers have receded, in accordance with trends in most other deglaciating mountain ranges, although the number of ice-contact lakes has decreased. The reasons for this are unclear, but the pattern of lake change has varied significantly throughout the study period, suggesting that monitoring of future lake development is required as ice continues to recede. Ultimately, we use our 2014 database of proglacial lakes to assess GLOF risk across the Bolivian Andes. We identify 25 lakes that pose a potential GLOF threat to downstream communities and infrastructure. We suggest that further studies of potential GLOF impacts are urgently required.

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4

Lucero, Jose Antonio. "FANON IN THE ANDES." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v1i1.19.

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In the rise of contemporary indigenous movements in Latin America, indigenous leaders have acknowledged their debt to the Bolivian indigenous intellectual Fausto Reinaga (1906-1994), a major theorist of the anti-colonial and anti-Occidental ideology known as indianisimo. His work, especially his 1969 classic La revolución india had a profound impact on the development of indigenous movements, intellectuals, and leaders including Bolivian President Evo Morales. Yet, curiously, his work remains sorely understudied. This essay examines the continuing relevance of Reinaga by exploring his ‘Atlantic’ encounter with the thought of the Martinican-Algerian theorist Frantz Fanon. Reinaga’s encounter with Fanon, however, is not an unproblematic one and there are instructive commonalities and tensions in their work. This article addresses Fanon’s influence on Reinaga’s views on colonialism, compares Fanon’s and Reinaga’s deployments of the concept of race, and contrasts their views on postcolonial nation-building. Though in some ways Fanon is more attentive to the complexities and tensions of anticolonial struggles than Reinaga, I argue that the work of Reinaga can be read in a Fanonian spirit, as a dialectical analysis in which the focus on the particular is necessary for universal projects of emancipation.

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5

PARKINSON, M., S. M. O'NEILL, and J. P. DALTON. "Endemic human fasciolosis in the Bolivian Altiplano." Epidemiology and Infection 135, no. 4 (October 26, 2006): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026880600728x.

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SUMMARYFasciolosis, caused by trematodes of the genusFasciola, is an emerging disease of humans. One of the highest levels of human fasciolosis hepatica is found amongst the indigenous Aymaran people of the Northern Bolivian Altiplano. A meta-analysis of epidemiological surveys from 38 communities in the region demonstrates that fasciolosis has been endemic in the region since at least 1984 and is a zoonosis of rural communities. Human and bovine fasciolosis is associated with the communities lying in the plain from Lake Titicaca to La Paz, predominantly in the Los Andes province. In Los Andes incidences of up to 67% of population cohorts were found, and prevalence is age-related with the highest infection rate in children aged 8–11 years.

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6

Morales, Eduardo A. "Frustulia tunariensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the Andes of Bolivia, South America." Diversity 12, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090362.

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Frustulia tunariensis sp. nov. is originated from a high-altitude peatland in the Tunari Cordillera, a branch of the Andean range in Bolivia. The new taxon is distinguished by the thick longitudinal ribs, the globose polar nodule with faint helictoglossa that does not produce an apical extension, and by the high areola and stria density, not found in any of the morphologically closely related taxa. Features of the folded valvocopula, such as the presence of a siliceous membrane as pars interior, and poroids present in the tube-like portion opening as slits to the valve interior and as a single row of poroids to the exterior, are also unique characters in the new taxon. Based on a literature review, a comparison of the newly proposed species with morphologically similar taxa was made. Also, published information shows the potential of girdle bands to distinguish groups of species and species themselves within Frustulia. Likewise, remarks on the ecological and distribution aspects of Frustulia in the Bolivian Altiplano are included, focusing on taxonomic quality, geographic coverage and sampling, and potential to represent the genus in the high Bolivian Andean plateau.

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7

Lamb, Simon. "Active deformation in the Bolivian Andes, South America." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 105, B11 (November 10, 2000): 25627–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000jb900187.

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8

VAIRA, MARCOS, and LILIANA FERRARI. "A new species of Oreobates (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Andes of northern Argentina." Zootaxa 1908, no. 1 (October 17, 2008): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1908.1.3.

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Oreobates barituensis sp. nov. is described from the ecoregion of southern Andean Yungas forests of north-western Argentina at elevations of 1100 to 1300 m above see level. It shares morphological characters with the sympatric and syntopic O. discoidalis, as well as with O. ibischi and O. cruralis from Bolivia. The recognition of the new species is in particular supported by considerable differences in the advertisement call among these species. We also made some considerations on probable conspecificity of northern Argentina and Bolivian populations of O. discoidalis and O. cf. cruralis.

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9

VAIRA, MARCOS, and LILIANA FERRARI. "A new species of Oreobates (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Andes of northern Argentina." Zootaxa 1909, no. 1 (October 20, 2008): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1909.1.3.

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Oreobates barituensis sp. nov. is described from the ecoregion of southern Andean Yungas forests of north-western Argentina at elevations of 1100 to 1300 m above see level. It shares morphological characters with the sympatric and syntopic O. discoidalis, as well as with O. ibischi and O. cruralis from Bolivia. The recognition of the new species is in particular supported by considerable differences in the advertisement call among these species. We also made some considerations on probable conspecificity of northern Argentina and Bolivian populations of O. discoidalis and O. cf. cruralis.

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10

Kis, Gabriella. "Taxonomic Results of the BRYOTROP-Expedition to Zaire and Rwanda 31. The Andean Daltonia latolimbata Broth. in Herzog in Africa." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 12, no. 1 (December 31, 1996): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.12.1.7.

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11

Dorr, Laurence J., Carolina Romero-Hernández, and Kenneth J. Wurdack. "A new large-flowered species of Andeimalva (Malvaceae, Malvoideae) from Peru." PhytoKeys 110 (November 5, 2018): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.110.29376.

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Andeimalvaperuviana Dorr & C.Romero, sp. nov., the third Peruvian endemic in a small genus of five species, is described and illustrated from a single collection made at high elevation on the eastern slopes of the Andes. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal ITS sequence data resolve a group of northern species of Andeimalva found in Bolivia and Peru from the morphologically very different southern A.chilensis. The new species bears the largest flowers of any Andeimalva and is compared with Bolivian A.mandonii. A revised key to the genus is presented.

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12

Gillies, Allan. "Contesting the ‘War on Drugs’ in the Andes: US–Bolivian Relations of Power and Control (1989–93)." Journal of Latin American Studies 52, no. 1 (May 6, 2019): 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x19000324.

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AbstractThe implementation of President George H. W. Bush's 1989 Andean Initiative brought to the fore competing US and Bolivian agendas. While US embassy officials sought to exert control in pursuit of militarised policies, the Bolivian government's ambivalence towards the coca-cocaine economy underpinned opposition to the ‘Colombianisation’ of the country. This article deconstructs prevailing top-down, US-centric analyses of the drug war in Latin America to examine how US power was exercised and resisted in the Bolivian case. Advancing a more historically grounded understanding of the development of the US drug war in Latin America, it reveals the fluidity of US–Bolivian power relations, the contested nature of counter-drug policy at the country level, and the instrumentalisation of the ‘war on drugs’ in distinct US and Bolivian agendas.

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13

Burrowes, Patricia A., Carlos A. Navas, Octavio Jiménez-Robles, Peter Delgado, and Ignacio De la Riva. "Climatic Heterogeneity in the Bolivian Andes: Are Frogs Trapped?" South American Journal of Herpetology 18, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2994/sajh-d-18-00047.1.

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14

Vuilleumier, François. "FIELD NOTES ON SOME BIRDS FROM THE BOLIVIAN ANDES." Ibis 111, no. 4 (April 3, 2008): 599–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1969.tb02569.x.

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15

Rangecroft, Sally, Stephan Harrison, Karen Anderson, John Magrath, Ana Paola Castel, and Paula Pacheco. "A First Rock Glacier Inventory for the Bolivian Andes." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 25, no. 4 (October 2014): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1816.

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16

Barke, Richard, and Simon Lamb. "Late Cenozoic uplift of the Eastern Cordillera, Bolivian Andes." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 249, no. 3-4 (September 2006): 350–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.012.

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17

ETAYO, JAVIER, ADAM FLAKUS, and MARTIN KUKWA. "Three new lichenicolous species of the genus Plectocarpon (Ascomycota: Lecanographaceae) discovered in the Bolivian Andes." Phytotaxa 357, no. 4 (June 28, 2018): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.357.4.3.

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In this paper three new species of Plectocarpon, P. dimorphosporum (on Ricasolia patinifera), P. parmotrematis (on Parmotrema reticulatum) and P. ramalinae (on Ramalina celastri), are described from tropical montane forests in the Bolivian Andes. Plectocarpon dimorphosporum is characterized by strongly convex ascomata covered by the host cortex when young, presence of Atra-brown pigment and 1–3-septate ascospores developing a brown-pigmented granular perispore, P. parmotrematis by rounded and slightly superficial ascomata, presence of pigments reacting K+ aeruginose to turquoise and colorless 3-septate ascospores, and P. ramalinae by ellipsoid, black ascomata, Atra-brown pigment, and short, colorless, 3-septate ascospores. In addition, the rare Protounguicularia fasciculata is reported here for the first time from Bolivia.

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18

Segers, H., L. Meneses, and M. Del Castillo. "Rotifera (Monogononta) from Lake Kothia, a high-altitude lake in the Bolivian Andes." Archiv für Hydrobiologie 132, no. 2 (December 21, 1994): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/132/1994/227.

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19

Richer, Wilfrid, Pierre Kengne, Mirko Rojas Cortez, Marie Mathilde Perrineau, Anna Cohuet, Didier Fontenille, and François Noireau. "Active dispersal by wild Triatoma infestans in the Bolivian Andes." Tropical Medicine & International Health 12, no. 6 (April 17, 2007): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01846.x.

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20

Prezzi, Claudia B., Cornelius E. Uba, and Hans-Jürgen Götze. "Flexural isostasy in the Bolivian Andes: Chaco foreland basin development." Tectonophysics 474, no. 3-4 (September 2009): 526–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.04.037.

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21

Bentley, Jeffery W., Morag Webb, Silvio Nina, and Salomón Pérez. "Even useful weeds are pests: Ethnobotany in the Bolivian Andes." International Journal of Pest Management 51, no. 3 (September 2005): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670870500213760.

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22

Williams, D., D. Heath, J. Gosney, and J. Rios-Dalenz. "Pulmonary endocrine cells of Aymara Indians from the Bolivian Andes." Thorax 48, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.48.1.52.

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23

Francou, Bernard, Denis Fabre, Bernard Pouyaud, Vincent Jomelli, and Yves Arnaud. "Symptoms of degradation in a tropical rock glacier, Bolivian Andes." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 10, no. 1 (January 1999): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1530(199901/03)10:1<91::aid-ppp304>3.0.co;2-b.

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24

Kougkoulos, Ioannis, Simon J. Cook, Laura A. Edwards, Leon J. Clarke, Elias Symeonakis, Jason M. Dortch, and Kathleen Nesbitt. "Modelling glacial lake outburst flood impacts in the Bolivian Andes." Natural Hazards 94, no. 3 (September 26, 2018): 1415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3486-6.

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25

Seltzer, Geoffry O. "Recent glacial history and paleoclimate of the Peruvian-Bolivian Andes." Quaternary Science Reviews 9, no. 2-3 (January 1990): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(90)90015-3.

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26

DE LA RIVA, IGNACIO, CLAUDIA CORTEZ, and PATRICIA A. BURROWES. "A new species of Microkayla (Anura: Craugastoridae: Holoadeninae) from Department La Paz, Bolivia." Zootaxa 4363, no. 3 (December 12, 2017): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4363.3.2.

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We describe a new species of direct-developing frog of the genus Microkayla from the Cordillera Real of the Bolivian Andes, in the Department of La Paz. The new species, Microkayla huayna sp. nov., is closely related to M. teqta and can be distinguished from other species of the genus by its brown dorsal skin and the presence of a large dark brown vocal sac in males. This is the second species of Microkayla known from the Zongo Valley, and the ninth in the Cordillera Real, contributing to a total of 22 described species in Bolivia. Given its small distribution range, we recommend to considering it as Vulnerable according to IUCN criteria.

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27

Wasson, J. G., C. Dejoux, and R. Marin. "Typology and zonation of stream benthos in Bolivian Andes. Region of La Paz — Bolivia — South America." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 24, no. 4 (September 1991): 2085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1989.11899898.

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28

Jekeli, Christopher, Hyo Jin Yang, and Kevin Ahlgren. "Using isostatic gravity anomalies from spherical harmonic models and elastic plate compensation to interpret the lithosphere of the Bolivian Andes." GEOPHYSICS 78, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): G41—G53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0378.1.

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We have determined for the Bolivian Andes that the new global gravity models derived from the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite mission may be used directly to study lithospheric structure. Toward this end, we have formulated Bouguer and isostatic gravity anomalies in spherical approximation, rather than in the usual planar approach, using spherical harmonic series consistent with the satellite-derived gravitational models. From the approximate equivalency of topographic masses and surface density layers using the Helmert condensation method we further derived and used isotropic transfer relations between the spherical spectra of topographic loads and elastic spherical shell deflections, where the Airy isostatic compensation is the special case of no flexural rigidity. A numerical comparison of these spherical harmonic models to conventional three-dimensional modeling based on topographic data and newly acquired surface gravity data in Bolivia confirmed their suitability for lithospheric interpretation. Specifically, the relatively high and uniform resolution of the satellite gravitational model (better than 83 km) produces detailed maps of the isostatic anomaly that clearly delineate the flexure of the Brazilian shield that is thrust under the Sub-Andes. Inferred values of the thickness of Airy-type roots and the flexural rigidity of the elastic lithosphere agree reasonably with published results based on seismic and surface gravity data. In addition, a local minimum in the flexural rigidity is evident at the sharp bend of the eastern margins of the Sub-Andes in Bolivia. This feature is consistent with earlier theories for counter rotations about a vertical axis at this minimum, associated with the confluence of the subducted Nazca plate and the Brazilian craton. The GOCE model thus generates high-resolution isostatic anomaly maps that offer additional structural detail not seen as clearly from previous seismic and gravity investigations in this region.

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29

ALVARENGA BRAGA, JOÃO MARCELO. "Revised typification of Gomphrena argentina (Amaranthaceae s. str.)." Phytotaxa 364, no. 1 (August 7, 2018): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.364.1.8.

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Gomphrena Linnaeus (1753: 224) (Gomphrenoideae Schinz, Amaranthaceae Juss.) is a genus including about 120 species, with center of diversity in the New World, and higher species richness in Central Andes, in argentinean and bolivian Puna, and Caatinga, and Cerrado habitats in Brazil (see e.g., Muller & Borsch 2005; Sánchez del Pino et al. 2009).

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Liu, Tong, Tsuyoshi Kinouchi, Javier Mendoza, and Yoichi Iwami. "Glacier Mass Balance and Catchment-Scale Water Balance in Bolivian Andes." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 1040–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p1040.

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In investigating glacier mass balance and water balance at Huayna Potosi West, a glacierized basin in the Bolivian Andes (Cordillera Real), we used a remote sensing method with empirical area-volume relationships, a hydrological method with runoff coefficients, and water balance method. Results suggest that remote sensing method based on the glacier area from satellite images and area-volume relationships is too imprecise to use in performing analysis in short time intervals. Glacier mass balance obtained using a new area-volume relationship was, however, similar to that obtained by the water balance method, thus proving that the new area-volume relationship is reasonable to use for analyzing glaciers within a certain size range. The hydrological method with a runoff coefficient considered glacier as the only storage for saving or contributing to runoff and nonglacier area as the only source of evaporation. We applied a fixed runoff coefficient of 0.8 without considering wet or dry seasons in nonglacier areas – a method thus sensitive to meteorological and hydrological data. We also did not consider glacier sublimation. The water balance method is applicable to the study region and excelled other methods in terms of resolution, having no empirical coefficients, and considering sublimation and evaporation. Among its few limitations are possibly underestimating evaporation and runoff over nonglacier areas during wet months and thus possibly overestimating glacier contribution at mean time.

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31

HUMEREZ, Evelin, and Makoto UMEDA. "MACROPHYTE MODEL FOR A TROPICAL GLACIER RIVER IN THE BOLIVIAN ANDES." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 71, no. 4 (2015): I_7—I_12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.71.i_7.

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32

Barnes, J. B. "Latitudinal Variation of Denudation in the Evolution of the Bolivian Andes." American Journal of Science 306, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.306.1.1.

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33

Burman, Anders. "‘Now we are Indígenas’: Hegemony and Indigeneity in the Bolivian Andes." Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies 9, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 247–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17442222.2014.959775.

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HEATH, D., D. WILLIAMS, J. RIOS-DALENZ, M. CALDERON, and J. GOSNEY. "Small pulmonary arterial vessels of Aymara Indians from the Bolivian Andes." Histopathology 16, no. 6 (June 1990): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb01161.x.

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35

Safran, Elizabeth B., Paul R. Bierman, Rolf Aalto, Thomas Dunne, Kelin X. Whipple, and Marc Caffee. "Erosion rates driven by channel network incision in the Bolivian Andes." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 30, no. 8 (2005): 1007–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.1259.

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36

Małecki, Jakub, Harold Lovell, Wojciech Ewertowski, Łukasz Górski, Tomasz Kurczaba, Beata Latos, Michał Miara, et al. "The glacial landsystem of a tropical glacier: Charquini Sur, Bolivian Andes." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 43, no. 12 (June 7, 2018): 2584–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4417.

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37

Gubbels, T. L., B. L. Isacks, and E. Farrar. "High-level surfaces, plateau uplift, and foreland development, Bolivian central Andes." Geology 21, no. 8 (1993): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0695:hlspua>2.3.co;2.

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38

Kaenzig, Raoul, Martine Rebetez, and Gaëlle Serquet. "Climate change adaptation of the tourism sector in the Bolivian Andes." Tourism Geographies 18, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2016.1144642.

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39

Cooke, Colin A., Mark B. Abbott, and Alexander P. Wolfe. "Late-Holocene atmospheric lead deposition in the Peruvian and Bolivian Andes." Holocene 18, no. 2 (February 2008): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683607085134.

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40

Capriles, José M., Juan Albarracin-Jordan, Umberto Lombardo, Daniela Osorio, Blaine Maley, Steven T. Goldstein, Katherine A. Herrera, et al. "High-altitude adaptation and late Pleistocene foraging in the Bolivian Andes." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 6 (April 2016): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.03.006.

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41

Gareca, Edgar E., Martin Hermy, Jon Fjeldså, and Olivier Honnay. "Polylepis woodland remnants as biodiversity islands in the Bolivian high Andes." Biodiversity and Conservation 19, no. 12 (August 1, 2010): 3327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9895-9.

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42

FLAKUS, Adam, and Martin KUKWA. "New species and records of Lepraria (Stereocaulaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from South America." Lichenologist 39, no. 5 (September 2007): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282907007116.

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Abstract:New records of 15 Lepraria species from South America are presented. Two species are newly described from the Bolivian Andes: Lepraria achariana Flakus & Kukwa (major compounds: lecanoric, angardianic/roccellic acids and anthraquinones) and L. neojackii Flakus & Kukwa (major compounds: porphyrilic, angardianic/roccellic, cf. rangiformic acids and anthraquinone). Lepraria impossibilis, L. lecanorica and L. rigidula are reported as new for the Southern Hemisphere, L. alpina, L. aff. caesiella and L. squamatica as new to South America, and other species as new to several countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay). In addition, two putative, undescribed species are discussed. Chemistry, ecology and general information concerning distribution of the species are presented, and the differentiation of some critical taxa discussed. A provisional key to Lepraria in South America is provided.

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Liu, Kam-biu, Carl A. Reese, and Lonnie G. Thompson. "Ice-Core Pollen Record of Climatic Changes in the Central Andes during the last 400 yr." Quaternary Research 64, no. 2 (September 2005): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.06.001.

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AbstractThis paper presents a high-resolution ice-core pollen record from the Sajama Ice Cap, Bolivia, that spans the last 400 yr. The pollen record corroborates the oxygen isotopic and ice accumulation records from the Quelccaya Ice Cap and supports the scenario that the Little Ice Age (LIA) consisted of two distinct phases�"a wet period from AD 1500 to 1700, and a dry period from AD 1700 to 1880. During the dry period xerophytic shrubs expanded to replace puna grasses on the Altiplano, as suggested by a dramatic drop in the Poaceae/Asteraceae (P/A) pollen ratio. The environment around Sajama was probably similar to the desert-like shrublands of the Southern Bolivian Highlands and western Andean slopes today. The striking similarity between the Sajama and Quelccaya proxy records suggests that climatic changes during the Little Ice Age occurred synchronously across the Altiplano.

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De la Riva, Ignacio, Juan C. Chaparro, Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher, and José M. Padial. "Underestimated anuran radiations in the high Andes: five new species and a new genus of Holoadeninae, and their phylogenetic relationships (Anura: Craugastoridae)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182, no. 1 (July 28, 2017): 129–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx020.

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AbstractDespite recent efforts to accelerate exploration and species description, the diversity of high Andean frogs remains highly underestimated. We report high levels of species diversity in direct-developing frogs or terraranas inhabiting the wet puna and adjacent cloud forests of the Amazonian versant of the Andes in Bolivia and Peru. Descriptive evidence of external morphology, distribution patterns and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the existence of nine unnamed species in two clades, which represents a 30% increase in species diversity for those clades. The relationships of these species and their relatives in Holoadeninae are tested using nuclear and mitochondrial genes for 159 terminals representing the 11 genera in this subfamily and 25 species of previously unknown relationships. Our results corroborate species monophyly in all but three cases and support the monophyly of all Holoadeninae genera, albeit the position of some differs between analyses. We propose a new genus (Microkayla gen. nov.) for the clade containing all Bolivian species formerly in Psychrophrynella plus five species from southern Peru. The new genus is monophyletic and supported by anatomical synapomorphies. Psychrophrynella is re-diagnosed and redefined to include three species from the Andes of southern Peru. We discuss the taxonomic instability associated with Noblella and Psychrophrynella due to the fact that the type species of both genera share a number of traits that support a close relationship. We also name and describe three new species of Bryophryne and two of Microkayla from Peru, provide baseline data for the future description of four Bolivian species of Microkayla, and describe the unknown mating calls of two species. Our results support that the grasslands of the Amazonian versant of the Andes harbour a large diversity of species with small altitudinal and horizontal distributions that replace each other along a latitudinal axis. These species belong to different lineages whose closest relatives are forest species, often from distant parts of the continent. These patterns suggest that high Andean environments were colonized several times independently by species with forest ancestors and which radiated into a multitude of species with remarkably similar ecomorphologies. The extent of these radiations remains obscured by a still rudimentary knowledge of species diversity due to insufficient fieldwork and taxonomic research.

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Huarcaya, Sergio Miguel. "Performativity, Performance, and Indigenous Activism in Ecuador and the Andes." Comparative Studies in Society and History 57, no. 3 (June 25, 2015): 806–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417515000298.

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AbstractTo explain causality between ethnic consciousness and indigenous political activism in the Andes, scholars have proposed two perspectives. Some argue that ethnic consciousness was pre-existing; others claim that it was the product of political organizational processes. In this study, I demonstrate that the ethnic consciousness of Ecuadorian indigenous Andeans has been a dialogical work-in-progress that has hinged significantly on the emergence of self-conscious cultural performance. I analyze the trajectory from submission to assertiveness of Ecuadorian indigenous Andeans and compare it with the Peruvian and Bolivian cases, focusing on the ways in which performance and performativity have constructed indigeneity as a social reality. Performance implies a bounded act done by a subject who consciously performs, whereas performativity refers to the construction of the subject by the reiteration of norms. The research investigates three interrelated fields that are crucial in the constitution of indigeneity: the performativity of racial and ethnic hierarchies, the performance of indigenous culture during protest, and the performance of indigenous festivities. Considering that social hierarchies are iteratively constructed and that cultural performance is part and parcel of the political redress of cultural difference, I argue that through cultural performance Ecuadorian and Bolivian indigenous Andeans have been able to undermine the ways in which performativity has constituted them as subaltern subjects. This transformation has not happened in the Peru, where indigenous Andeans still feel that indigeneity is a stigmatized condition.

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Schmitt, C. Gregory, Donna C. Schmitt, and J. V. Remsen,. "Birds of the Tambo Area, an Arid Valley in the Bolivian Andes." Ornithological Monographs, no. 48 (January 1997): 701–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40157561.

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Sarkinen, Tiina, Sandra Knapp, and Michael Nee. "Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes (Morelloid Clade)." PhytoKeys 47 (March 20, 2015): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.47.4423.

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Vezzoli, Giovanni, Giacomo Ghielmi, Gonzalo Mondaca, Alberto Resentini, Elena Katia Villarroel, Marta Padoan, and Paolo Gentile. "Quantifying modern erosion rates and river-sediment contamination in the Bolivian Andes." Journal of South American Earth Sciences 45 (August 2013): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2013.02.001.

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Kober, F., G. Zeilinger, K. Hippe, O. Marc, T. Lendzioch, R. Grischott, M. Christl, P. W. Kubik, and R. Zola. "Tectonic and lithological controls on denudation rates in the central Bolivian Andes." Tectonophysics 657 (August 2015): 230–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.06.037.

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Fleming, Erich D., and Leslie Prufert-Bebout. "Characterization of cyanobacterial communities from high-elevation lakes in the Bolivian Andes." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 115, G2 (January 7, 2010): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008jg000817.

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