Academic literature on the topic 'Bolivian Authors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bolivian Authors"
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Strigunov, Konstantin S., and Andrei V. Manoilo. "The Coup d'Etat in Bolivia: Internal and External Factors." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 466 (2021): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/466/16.
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The aim of the article is to reveal the mechanism of the coup d'etat in Bolivia in November 2019. Based on the research of Russian and foreign experts, as well as official documents of international organizations, a research center, speeches by world leaders, and the media, the authors analyze the internal causes and external factors that contributed to the overthrow of Evo Morales and the coming to power of the right opposition, oriented to the United States and supranational structures. The methods for the research were selected based on the requirements of a multilateral and systematic analysis of the domestic political situation in Bolivia, its cultural, historical, territorial, and economic characteristics, as well as foreign policy factors that influenced the situation in the country. A comparative analysis of the coup d'etat in Bolivia with the situation in some other Latin American states was done. The first section analyzes the domestic political situation in Bolivia, economic factors, and a number of actions by Evo Morales which led to the weakening of his position on the eve of the presidential election. The second section discusses the mechanism of influence of the Organization of American States on the election process in Bolivia. The influence of neo-fascist organizations, which receive external support and financing and became the main shock force of the coup d'etat, is investigated. The channels of influence of international players and organizations on the internal political processes of Bolivia are studied. The authors infer that the ousted president did not solve the task of creating and implementing a development project for all social and ethnic groups of Bolivia while maintaining their own support and state sovereignty. In addition, the authors give a critical assessment to the decision of the Bolivian leadership led by Evo Morales to entrust election monitoring exclusively to the Organization of American States where the US position dominates. The authors suggest that, for political support, in the monitoring of the election, Evo Morales should have involved representatives of states and organizations not controlled by Washington, for example, from the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. For the first time, the authors reveal and thoroughly study the trigger mechanism for activating a coup d'etat using technologies for dismantling political regimes adapted to Bolivian conditions. They conclude that, in fact, counteraction to left-wing political regimes by the United States in Latin America is de facto a continuation of the formally completed Operation Condor, but using modern technologies to eliminate the unwanted regime in a particular country in new geopolitical conditions.
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Jones, Richard C., and Leonardo De la Torre. "Endurance of Transnationalism in Bolivia’s Valle Alto." MIGRATION LETTERS 3, no. 1 (2006): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v6i1.87.
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The increasing difficulty of return migration and the demands for assimilation into host societies suggest a long-term cutting of ties to origin areas—likely accentuated in the Bolivian case by the recent shift in destinations from Argentina to the US and Spain. Making use of a stratified random sample of 417 families as well as ethnographic interviews in the provinces of Punata, Esteban Arze, and Jordán in the Valle Alto region the authors investigate these issues. Results suggest that for families with greater than ten years cumulated foreign work experience, there are significantly more absentees and lower levels of remittances as a percentage of household income. Although cultural ties remain strong after ten years, intentions to return to Bolivia decline markedly. The question of whether the dimunition of economic ties results in long-term village decline in the Valle Alto remains an unanswered.
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Wanderley, Sergio, and Ana Celano. "Brazil–Bolivia and a horse trade: a postcolonial case within South America." critical perspectives on international business 14, no. 4 (2018): 426–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-11-2016-0048.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of institutional changes in Bolivia (2005-2016) in the power structures within the headquarters (HQs) of a Brazilian energy multinational corporation (MNC) and its subsidiaries in Bolivia. Design/methodology/approach This investigation is informed by a postcolonial South–South perspective. The Brazilian and Bolivian managers were interviewed and drawing techniques were used to unveil hidden power relationships. To achieve the multilayered objective, a Lukesian power framework was integrated into the analysis. Findings Traces of a postcolonial relationship between Brazil and Bolivia were found, even though Brazil never colonized Bolivia. The power structure within this MNC’s HQ and subsidiaries reflects a postcolonial relationship: local staff members see the Brazilian MNC as the holder of power of resources, process and meaning. Finally, despite its colonizing role, Brazil is depicted as a savior, not an exploiter. Much to the authors’ surprise, the institutional changes in Bolivia – the nationalization of its oil and gas reserves and the declaration of a plurinational state – have not affected the power relationships within the Brazilian MNC. Originality/value The contribution to postcolonial investigations within the international business field was carried out in different ways: a review of EMNC literature was conducted in the study for a South–South postcolonial perspective; empirical data from a case within South America were added; a Lukesian power perspective was integrated into the analysis; and finally, drawing techniques were used to unveil hidden power relations.
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Panajew, Paweł, and Andrzej Gałaś. "Stratovolcanoes on the Chilean-Bolivian border as geoatraction." Geotourism/Geoturystyka, no. 3-4(62-63) (January 19, 2023): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/geotour.2020.3-4(62-63).47.
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The cluster of stratovolcanoes located on the Chilean-Bolivian border, in the Western Cordillera, is composed of typical, for that part of the Central Volcanic Zone in the Andes, volcanic landforms. The highest volcano is the Nevado Sajama (6,542 m a.s.l.), apparently extinct. The other: Parinacota (6,336 m a.s.l.), Pomerape (6,222 m a.s.l.), Acotango (6,052 m a.s.l.) and Cerro Quisiquisini (5,542 m a.s.l.) were all active in both the Pleistocene and the Holocene. Recently, only the Guallatiri Volcano (6,071 m a.s.l.) is still active. The summits of these mountains are covered with permanent snow or ice caps. On the slopes, there are post-glacial valleys, rocks glaciers and debris avalanches. In the vicinity of volcanic cones, active fumaroles occur, along with hot springs, geysers and high-mountain peat bogs (bofedales), in addition to one of the highest in the world mountain lakes – the Lago Chungará (4,520 m a.s.l.). The unique landform is a huge debris avalanche and was formed during the eruption of the Parinacota Volcano. Small villages settled by Aymara Indians and their cultural monuments complete the extraordinary landscape of the Altiplano Plateau. The values of biotic nature are also unique and deserving of protection on both sides of the state border. Moreover, these sites have been registered into the UNESCO World Heritage List. Modest accommodation facilities located off the main roads satisfy the qualified tourists interested in volcanology. The authors describe the grueling trekking trails, the climbing routes leading to the summits of volcanoes and the other geoattractions, accessible for ordinary hikers.
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Calvo, Joel. "On the original material of Senecio dombeyanus (Compositae), an interesting case linking the herbaria G, MA, and P." Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 79, no. 1 (2022): e126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2616.
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The name Senecio dombeyanus DC. has disparately been treated over time depending on the authors because of the uncertainty concerning the provenance of the original material, which was collected during the “Expedición Botánica al Virreinato del Perú”, namely by Joseph Dombey. This issue is clarified here, as well as its implications on the Bolivian flora. Furthermore, a lectotype is designated for the name S. cremeiflorus Mattf., and the name S. amplus J.Rémy is synonymized with S. smithii DC.
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Silveira, Cássio, Nivaldo Carneiro Junior, Manoel Carlos Sampaio de Almeida Ribeiro, and Rita de Cássia Barradas Barata. "Living conditions and access to health services by Bolivian immigrants in the city of São Paulo, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 29, no. 10 (2013): 2017–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00113212.
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Bolivian immigrants in Brazil experience serious social problems: precarious work conditions, lack of documents and insufficient access to health services. The study aimed to investigate inequalities in living conditions and access to health services among Bolivian immigrants living in the central area of São Paulo, Brazil, using a cross-sectional design and semi-structured interviews with 183 adults. According to the data, the immigrants tend to remain in Brazil, thus resulting in an aging process in the group. Per capita income increases the longer the immigrants stay in the country. The majority have secondary schooling. Work status does not vary according to time since arrival in Brazil. The immigrants work and live in garment sweatshops and speak their original languages. Social networks are based on ties with family and friends. Access to health services shows increasing inclusion in primary care. The authors conclude that the immigrants' social exclusion is decreasing due to greater access to documentation, work (although precarious), and the supply of health services from the public primary care system.
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Gardner, Scott Lyell, Sebastian Botero-Cañola, Enzo Aliaga- Rossel, Altangerel Tsogtsaikhan Dursahinhan, and Jorge Salazar-Bravo. "Conservation status and natural history of Ctenomys, tuco-tucos in Bolivia." Therya 12, no. 1 (2021): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-21-1035.
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The genus Ctenomys consists of about 70 species and in addition to the Geomyidae of the Nearctic, Neotropical tuco-tucos represent a well-documented case of diversification in the subterranean biotype. Here we will: i) Provide an updated summary of the natural history of the 12 species of extant tuco-tucos from Bolivia; ii) Update information on distributions of each species; and iii) Using ecological niche modeling, evaluate recent and projected habitat transformation or habitat degradation within the known range of each species to provide a preliminary assessment of the preservation or conservation status of ctenomyids within Bolivia. We follow Gardner et al. (2014) and combine species summaries with both updated published and new data to compile a complete list of known extant species of tuco-tucos from Bolivia. Occurrence data for Ctenomys in Bolivia and surrounding areas were extracted from the database Arctos and GBIF. All individual specimen-based locality records were checked and georeferenced by referring to original museum collection records. We created species distribution models for the species with enough locality records using climate and soil data, while for the rest of the species we estimated the ranges based on the known occurrence localities. Finally, we quantified the amount of large-scale habitat conversion occurring within each species range, as well as the potential effect of climatic change on species distribution. Here we present information regarding the biology of tuco-tuco (Ctenomys) species known to occur in Bolivia, including unpublished natural history data such as habitat association, interactions and activity patterns gathered by the authors through extensive field work. Besides this, we estimated the current distribution of Ctenomys species, quantified large-scale habitat transformation within each species range and assessed the potential effect of climatic change on five tuco-tuco species. We found that the habitats within the ranges of C. boliviensis and C. steinbachi have experienced significant land-cover conversions in recent years. We also show that C. opimus, as well as the above mentioned species are expected to undergo range contractions resulting from climatic change by 2070. Our review shows that there is a dearth of information regarding natural history, taxonomy and distribution for many Bolivian tuco-tuco species. Nonetheless, the information presented here can be a tool for directing and focusing field studies of these species. This is of great importance if we take into account that most of the Bolivian tuco-tucos are subject to one or several conservation/preservation threats. These include: Habitat destruction via land use or climatic changes in conjunction with geographic ranges of Ctenomys that are small in areal extent and which in many cases are not adequately covered by protected areas.
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Kolesnikov, Ilya, Konstantin Kasparyan, Elena Shavlokhova, and Elena Malyshkina. "The dictatorial regimes of Bolivia and Chile in the 1960s—1970s: comparative characteristic." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, no. 3-2 (2022): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202203statyi29.
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This article is devoted to the study of specific features of the repressive policy of the Bolivian and Chilean dictators R. Barrientos Ortuno and A. Pinochet in the 1960s-1970s. The authors study the political strategy of these Latin American leaders and consider the internal situation in their countries at the moment of R. Barrientos Ortuno and A. Pinochet coming to power. The article provides a comparative analysis of the economic policies of the two dictators, as well as the peculiarities of their relations with the United States.
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Bologna, Eduardo León, and María Del Carmen Falcón. "Migración sur-sur: factores relacionales e inserción segmentada de la población boliviana y peruana en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina / South-south migration: relational factors and segmented insertion of the Bolivian and Peruvian population in the city of Córdoba, Argentina." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 31, no. 3 (2016): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v31i3.13.
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Como caso de migración sur-sur se analizan las poblaciones de origen boliviano y peruano residentes en la ciudad de Córdoba, con la hipótesis del mayor peso explicativo de factores relacionales respecto de las diferencias de desarrollo entre las regiones de origen y destino.Se comparan la estructura demográfica, la inserción educativa y la distribución espacial de las dos poblaciones entre los censos nacionales de 2001 y 2010. Por razones de disponibilidad de los datos la inserción ocupacional sólo se describe en el censo de 2001, y a través de los antecedentes por medio de encuestas para el periodo siguiente.Se concluye que el atractivo de Córdoba se debe más a los vínculos históricos que estos dos colectivos migrantes han forjado con la ciudad que al nivel de desarrollo económico o social de ésta.AbstractPopulations of Bolivian and Peruvian origin resident in the city of Córdoba are analyzed as a case of south-south migration, the main hypothesis with the greatest explanatory weight being relational factors regarding the differences in development between the regions of origin and destination.The authors compare the demographic structure, educational integration and spatial distribution of the two populations between the national censuses of 2001 and 2010. For reasons of data availability, occupational insertion is only described in the 2001 census, and through records in the surveys for the following period.The authors conclude that Córdoba’s attraction is due more to the historical links these two migrant groups have forged with the city than to its level of economic or social development.
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Sperandio da Silva, Gilberto Marcelo, Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano, Alejandro Marcel Hasslocher-Moreno, et al. "Benznidazole treatment safety: the Médecins Sans Frontières experience in a large cohort of Bolivian patients with Chagas’ disease—authors’ response." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 73, no. 4 (2018): 1115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx505.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Bolivian Authors"
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Díaz, Romero Paz María Vania. "La Revolución de 1952 en la Novela Boliviana Escrita por Mujeres." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20719.
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DISSERTATION ABSTRACT
María Vania V. Díaz Romero Paz
Title: La Revolución de 1952 en la Novela Boliviana Contemporánea Escrita por Mujeres
This dissertation studies the different discourses of nation that underlie contemporary novels written by women authors in Bolivia during the period between 1977 and 2007. My primary corpus is comprised of three novels: Gaby Vallejo’s Hijo de opa (1977), Giancarla Zabalaga’s La Flor de "La Candelaria" (1990) and Verónica Ormachea’s Los ingenuos (2007). These novels allude to the Revolution of 1952 at its different stages, either explicitly or implicitly. Written during different time periods, these novels are a product of their respective historical periods and therefore reveal diverse ways of reading the nationalist discourse and the revolution. My objective is to analyze and discuss the concept of nation and how this concept varies among the different novels by focusing on the Revolution of 1952. The Revolution of 1952 is one of the most important moments in the history of Bolivia, when the conditions for socio-political change converge in order to make possible an “imagined community,” of proposing and implementing a nation-building project based on state capitalism. The mestizo is called upon to serve as a vanguard of this revolution. These novels explore how social, economic, and cultural contradictions make the construction of the nation difficult, and transmit a critique of this process of nation-building, and its nationalist discourse. The main purpose of my dissertation is to examine the recurrence of retellings of the revolution from a feminine perspective in which the domestic space is privileged and the house and family work as a metaphor of the country. The three novels I analyze prioritize female protagonists and the female perspective, embracing a feminist critique of the traditionally patriarchal representation of the revolution. Each of them makes the presence of women visible, prioritizes domestic space as a place of enunciation of national imaginaries and portrays the home as a metaphor for the nation. These authors develop their own political agenda in order to become effective political actors, challenge the patriarchal order and claim their space and their right to participate in nation building.
This dissertation is written in Spanish.
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Maldonado, Jorge Higinio. "Relationships among poverty, financial services, human capital, risk coping, and natural resources : evidence from El Salvador and Bolivia /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/546703720.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Bolivian Authors"
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Salguero, Jaime Martínez. Tamayo, el hombre y la obra. Librería Editorial Juventud, 1991.
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Brown, Lydia Parada de. Pereginación poética / Lydia Parada de Brown. [s.n.], 2002.
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Baptista Gumucio, Mariano, writer of introduction and Ruiz, Virginia, active 2020, writer of introduction, eds. Obra reunida. Vicepresidencia del Estado Plurinacional, 2020.
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Arturo, Vilela. Cinco escritores paceños del novecientos. Alcaldía Municipal, Ediciones Casa de la Cultura, 1993.
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Arturo, Vilela. Cinco escritores paceños del novecientos. Ediciones Casa de la Cultura, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Bolivian Authors"
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Gónzalez Almada, Magdalena. "‘Contrabando bolivianochileno’ Migración y escritura cosmopolita en Emma Villazón." In Mujeres migrantes y reescrituras autobiográficas Migrant Women and Autobiographical Rewriting. Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-831-6/004.
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Bolivian writer Emma Villazón (1983‑2015) migrated to Chile in 2010. Originally from Santa Cruz de la Sierra, the narrator and poet moved to Santiago de Chile and died in the city of El Alto (Bolivia). Her writing concerns were linked to the recovery of the critical reading of Bolivian women writers and the search for the configuration of their own textual territory. In her texts, the author configures a time and a space where the experience of being a foreigner and the temporal-spatial displacement drive a reflection on the tension between being and not being and on the place of one's own and that of others.
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"About the Book and Author." In Bolivia and Coca. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781685858964-036.
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Murillo, Marcela. "The Monstrous Portrayal of the Maternal Bolivian Chola in Contemporary Comics." In Monstrous Women in Comics. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496827623.003.0009.
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This chapter reads three contemporary Bolivian comics with the goal of analyzing their representations of indigenous Aymara or Quechua (chola) mothers. The author of this chapter demonstrates how normative Bolivian discourses of maternity frame cholas as grotesque but, how recent changes in government policies and in economic conditions, have empowered chola women and have resulted in changes in how they are represented in social arenas such as theater. In light of such shifts, this chapter asks whether comics too have evolved beyond monstrous representations of chola maternity.
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Brown, Katie. "Conclusion." In Writing and the Revolution. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786942197.003.0008.
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The conclusion summarizes the findings of the study and reiterates how this research is in dialogue with previous studies of the Bolivarian Revolution. It stresses the enduring importance of the national – both Bolivarian cultural policy and Venezuela’s absence from international literary circuits – on the form and content of contemporary fiction. This book concludes that self-reflexivity gives these novels agency, allowing their authors to explore and challenge the ideas about literary value found in Bolivarian cultural policy. This research therefore contributes to scholarly discussion about the uses of metafiction and intertextuality in contemporary literature. The conclusion also reiterates that these novels deserve international scholarly attention, a first step towards rectifying the lack of contemporary Venezuelan narrative in Latin American Studies.
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Landau, David, Yaniv Roznai, and Rosalind Dixon. "Term Limits and the Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendment Doctrine." In The Politics of Presidential Term Limits. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the interaction between term limit provisions and the unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrine in Latin America. It illustrates the varied approaches of courts concerning the validity of attempts to amend presidential term limits. In Colombia, the Constitutional Court intervened to prevent what it saw as an undue easing of term limits (after permitting one round of easing); in Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia, courts generally allowed attempts to ease or eliminate term limit using less demanding rather than more demanding procedural routes; and in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Bolivia, judiciaries deployed the unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrine in order to eliminate rather than to protect term limits. After mapping the major constitutional decisions issued on this issue in Latin America in recent years, the authors argue that transnational anchoring holds some promise in clarifying the proper scope of control of constitutional change regarding term limits.
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Ryburn, Megan. "Introduction." In Uncertain Citizenship. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520298767.003.0008.
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The introduction sets out the framing of the book in terms of transnational spaces of citizenship and the lens of uncertainty. It introduces the five sites in Chile and Bolivia where research was undertaken and describes the multi-sited ethnographic methodological approach used. It also engages in discussion of reflexivity and the author’s positionality. The introduction finishes with an overview of the organization of the book.
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Young, William. "Ben-Hur." In Playing Out The Empire. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198119906.003.0006.
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Abstract The novel’s author, General Lew Wallace, had left military service (he fought, first in the Mexican War of 1847 and again in the Amer ican Civil War) to serve briefly as emissary to Bolivia and then as Governor of the territory of New Mexico. New Mexico, annexed after the Mexican War, had a mixed population of native Americans, Mexicans, and Anglo-Whites nearing 120,000 in the late r87os. By comparison to life in more settled parts of the nation, creature com forts were minimal; a railroad did not reach the largest settlement, Albuquerque, until I 880.
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Brown, Katie. "Writing and Distinction." In Writing and the Revolution. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786942197.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 considers both the protagonists and the authors of the novels in this study as ‘writer-critics’ who share their ideas about literary quality through discussion of both their own writing and other people’s. As institutions set up during the Punto Fijo period (1958-1998) to endow writers with literary capital and raise the reputation of Venezuela in international literary circles have been subsumed into the Bolivarian ‘Platform for the Book’, some writers and critics are concerned that a focus on ideology will undermine literary quality. In Transilvania unplugged (Sánchez Rugeles, 2011), Todas las lunas (Kozak Rovero, 2011) and Rating (Barrera Tyszka, 2011), characters both attest to the significance of well-written literature for them and display their literary knowledge and tastes as a sign of distinction. As professional writers move away from the state, they are faced with new challenges, in the form of the demands of international literary markets. Throughout La fama, o es venérea, o no es fama (Castañeda, 2012), the author-narrator is caught between an aspiration to write challenging and experimental fiction and a desire for commercial success.
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Postero, Nancy. "The Guaraní People’s Struggle for Indigenous Autonomy in Bolivia." In Reimagining the Gran Chaco. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683402114.003.0010.
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This chapter takes up the case of Charagua, where indigenous Guaraní activists have won an important political victory, establishing their city as the country’s first indigenous autonomous municipality. The author shows how the Guaranís of Charagua are strategically using the rights established in the new constitution to move towards their long-term goal of reconstituting a Guaraní nation. For the Guaranís, decolonization is both an important goal and discourse and set of juridical tools they utilize in their own struggle for local autonomy. The chapter traces their pragmatic politics as they negotiate in the spaces between national, departmental, and local sovereignties. While still subsumed within the liberal nation-state, this new form of local government offers the first institutionalized vision of indigenous alternatives to liberalism.
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Bogliaccini, Juan A., and Aldo Madariaga. "State Capacity and Social Investment." In The World Politics of Social Investment: Volume I. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197585245.003.0007.
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Latin America has been historically characterized by a focus on compensatory social policies, state capacity problems, and unstable political coalitions impairing political and policy sustainability. In the 1980s–1990s socioeconomic transformations and a new international policy agenda put emphasis on skills creation. Considering skills creation as a key component of a social investment agenda, this chapter sheds light on how Latin American countries have engaged with this agenda and a legacy of low demand for skilled labor and chronic educational coverage and quality problems. The authors analyze one crucial scope condition for social investment expansion: state capacity. Looking at four countries with different state capacity levels and diverse reform outcomes—Bolivia, Guatemala, Chile, and Uruguay—they argue that state capacity is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for skills creation social investment. State capacity matters at two crucial moments of the policymaking process: first, as a background variable that affects reform efforts and, second, during the policy implementation period. A second necessary but insufficient condition is how partisan coalitions interact with policy legacies. The authors show that only the two conditions together allow Latin American countries to advance social investment reforms in a sustainable fashion.
Reports on the topic "Bolivian Authors"
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Navajas, Fernando, and Marcelo Catena. Oil & Debt Windfalls and Fiscal Dynamics in Bolivia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008742.
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During 2004-06 Bolivia experienced a five-fold increase in oil revenues due to tax/ contractual innovations, higher prices and larger volumes at the same time that a multi-lateral debt reduction initiative trimmed roughly one third of the public external debt. The political economy setting of this environment entails a new hydrocarbons law that automatically decentralize expenditure to local governments and nationalization of the oil industry. This paper presents a model of fiscal dynamics in Bolivia in a stochastic framework and finds that the new status-quo will generate double reversions of primary surplus and a public debt path that may fall short of being pleasant in the presence of unfettered fiscal spending and/or decline in international energy prices and gas demand from its neighbors. The authors conclude that governance of the process of allocations and distribution of the oil rent is essential to the short to medium term sustainability of the new Bolivian model.
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Gasparini, Leonardo, Francisco Haimovich, Hernán Winkler, and Matías Busso. Employability in the Southern Cone. Inter-American Development Bank, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008741.
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This document is aimed at discussing the concept of employability, characterizing the level, structure and trends of employment and unemployment in the Southern Cone, and suggesting policy directions to increase decent employment in the region. The paper is focused on the case of Argentina, with illustrations to the rest of the countries in the region: Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. In order to analyze changes in employability in Argentina, the authors estimate a model that captures the relationship between capital accumulation, international trade and the labor market, while to explore employment dynamics, the authors exploit the rotating panel structure of the Argentina¿s household survey.
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Bagley, Margo. Genome Editing in Latin America: CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003409.
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The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.i Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.i In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.ii Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.ii Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.iii These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.i These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.
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Kuiken, Todd, and Jennifer Kuzma. Genome Editing in Latin America: Regional Regulatory Overview. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003410.
Full textAbstract:
The power and promise of genome editing, CRISPR specifically, was first realized with the discovery of CRISPR loci in the 1980s.3 Since that time, CRISPR-Cas systems have been further developed enabling genome editing in virtually all organisms across the tree of life.3 In the last few years, we have seen the development of a diverse set of CRISPR-based technologies that has revolutionized genome manipulation.4 Enabling a more diverse set of actors than has been seen with other emerging technologies to redefine research and development for biotechnology products encompassing food, agriculture, and medicine.4 Currently, the CRISPR community encompasses over 40,000 authors at 20,000 institutions that have documented their research in over 20,000 published and peer-reviewed studies.5 These CRISPR-based genome editing tools have promised tremendous opportunities in agriculture for the breeding of crops and livestock across the food supply chain. Potentially addressing issues associated with a growing global population, sustainability concerns, and possibly help address the effects of climate change.4 These promises however, come along-side concerns of environmental and socio-economic risks associated with CRISPR-based genome editing, and concerns that governance systems are not keeping pace with the technological development and are ill-equipped, or not well suited, to evaluate these risks. The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) launched an initiative in 2020 to understand the complexities of these new tools, their potential impacts on the LAC region, and how IDB may best invest in its potential adoption and governance strategies. This first series of discussion documents: “Genome Editing in Latin America: Regulatory Overview,” and “CRISPR Patent and Licensing Policy” are part of this larger initiative to examine the regulatory and institutional frameworks surrounding gene editing via CRISPR-based technologies in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) regions. Focusing on Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay, they set the stage for a deeper analysis of the issues they present which will be studied over the course of the next year through expert solicitations in the region, the development of a series of crop-specific case studies, and a final comprehensive regional analysis of the issues discovered.