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1
Paquet, Marie-Ève. "Vivre ensemble au quotidien : expérience urbaine des autochtones et des non-autochtones à l’ère du vivir bien à El Alto et La Paz en Bolivie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40079.
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Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 21 août 2020)En Bolivie, l’élection du président autochtone Evo Morales en 2005 et la réforme constitutionnelle de 2009, intégrant le concept ancestral du vivir bien ont fait couler beaucoup d’encre ces dernières années. Alors que la plupart des ouvrages se penchent principalement sur l’apport théorique du vivir bien, ce mémoire cherche à enrichir la compréhension de ce concept dans sa dimension pratique et locale. Ce mémoire porte plus particulièrement sur l’expérience urbaine des autochtones, principalement des Aymaras, et des non-autochtones dans leur quête du bien-vivre à La Paz et à El Alto, en Bolivie. L’analyse se penche principalement sur la négociation des identités en mettant en lumière les différentes dimensions, tant politiques, économiques, sociales, culturelles qu’artistiques, du quotidien des autochtones, mais aussi des non-autochtones. En particulier, ce mémoire explore les stratégies d’affirmation mises en avant pour se sentir bien, notamment la création de réseaux, le maintien de pratiques rituelles et la participation à diverses manifestations culturelles et artistiques dont l’entrada folclórica universitaria, un festival folklorique auxquels prennent part les étudiants. -- Mots-clés : vivir bien, identité, authenticité, anthropologie urbaine, fête, danse, culture, LaPaz, El Alto, Bolivie.
In Bolivia, the election of indigenous president Evo Morales in 2005 and the constitutional reform of 2009, incorporating the ancestral concept of living well have been the subject of much attention in recent years. While most books primarily focus on the theoretical contribution of the living well concept, this thesis seeks to enrich the understanding of its practical and local dimensions. This thesis examines the urban experience of Indigenous people, mainly Aymaras, and non-Indigenous people in their pursuit of living well in La Paz and El Alto, in Bolivia. The analysis focuses on the negotiation of identities by highlighting the different dimensions, both political, economic, social, cultural and artistic, of the everyday lives of Indigenous people, but also of non-Indigenous people. This thesis more specifically explores the affirmation strategies put forward to feel good, including the creation of networks, the preservation of ritual practices and the participation in various cultural and artistic activities including the entrada folclórica universitaria, a university festival in which students partake. -- Keywords: Aymaras, living well, identity, authenticity, urban anthropology, fiesta, dance,culture, La Paz, El Alto, Bolivia.
En Bolivia, la elección del presidente indígena Evo Morales en 2005 y la reformaconstitucional de 2009, que incorpora el concepto ancestral del vivir bien, han sido objeto de mucha atención en los últimos años. Si bien la mayoría de los libros se enfocan en la contribución teórica del vivir bien, esta tesis busca enriquecer la comprensión de este concepto en su dimensión práctica y local. Esta tesis se centra en la experiencia urbana de los indígenas, principalmente los Aymaras y de los no indígenas en su búsqueda del vivir bien en La Paz y El Alto, en Bolivia. El análisis se enfoca en la negociación de identidades, destacando las diferentes dimensiones, tanto políticas, económicas, sociales, culturales y artísticas, de la vida cotidiana de los indígenas, como también de los no indígenas. En particular, esta tesis explora las estrategias de afirmación presentadas para sentirse bien, incluyendo la creación de redes, el mantenimiento de prácticas rituales y la participación en diversos eventos culturales y artísticos, como la entrada folclórica universitaria, un festival universitario al que participan varios estudiantes. -- Palabras claves: Aymaras, vivir bien, identidad, autenticidad, antropología urbana, fiesta, baile, cultura, La Paz, El Alto, Bolivia.
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Fléty, Laura. "Les cortèges de la fortune : dynamiques sociales et corporelles chez les danseurs de morenada (La Paz, Bolivie)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100068/document.
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Lors de la grande célébration de Jesús del Gran Poder qui mobilise chaque année en Bolivie toute la ville de La Paz, la morenada, danse centrale du rituel, met en scène des personnages aux visages noirs portant de lourds costumes, démesurés et opulents. Ces corps-objets ostentatoires sont mis en mouvement par les danseurs, créant une esthétique complexe de la richesse et de l’abondance. La morenada est exécutée par une population urbaine d’artisans et commerçants issus des flux de la migration indigène aymara, qui construisent laborieusement une réussite socio-économique leur permettant de s’imposer en ville. A travers une ethnographie des pratiques corporelles des danseurs de morenada pendant la préparation et la réalisation de la performance, ce travail montre comment la danse peut être un outil de compréhension des processus de reconfiguration des positions individuelles et des identités collectives. En effet, dans l’espace de la morenada, les représentations et pratiques économiques, corporelles et dévotionnelles interagissent pour se transformer mutuellement. Plus largement, ce travail interroge la manière dont dynamiques corporelles et sociales concourent à inventer un rapport singulier à la prospérité : la danse n’est pas seulement le registre expressif de la réussite urbaine, elle en est sa mesure et sa conditionIn Bolivia, the great celebration of Jesús del Gran Poder, mobilizes every year the entire city of La Paz. The morenada, main dance of this ritual, stages characters with black faces, wearing heavy, opulent and disproportionate costumes. These ostentatious body-objects are moved by the dancers, creating an intricate aesthetic of wealth and abundance. The morenada is performed by an urban population of artisans and traders of rural Aymara background. They painstakingly build the socio-economic success that allows them to establish themselves in town. Based upon an ethnography of the morenada dancers’ bodily practices, during the preparation and realization of their performance, this work intends to show that dance can be a powerfull tool for understanding how individual positions and collective identities are constantly reshaping. Indeed, in the space of morenada, economic, bodily and devotional beliefs and practices, interact to transform each other. At a broader scale, this work questions the way bodily and social dynamics contribute to invent a specific relationship to prosperity: dance is not only the expression of urban success, but its measure and condition
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Martin, Ceydric. "Complexe migratoire et distribution spatiale de population dans le Sud bolivien : enquêtes en milieu rural et urbain dans le département du Tarija." Paris 5, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492517v2.
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En Bolivie, la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle a été marquée par des bouleversements multiples (transition démographique, révolution agraire, fermeture des mines) qui ont eu de nombreux impacts sur la croissance et la distribution de la population. Dans l'Occidente - zones froides et arides des Andes - les campagnes se vident et les villes historiques se renforcent. Dans l'Oriente - vallées chaudes et humides, et plaines - colonisation agricole et émergence de nouvelles agglomérations offrent une dynamique contrastée. Le département du Tarija - dans le sud-est du pays- est non seulement un observatoire privilégié de ces changements, mais recèle aussi des mouvements migratoires originaux de par sa proxilmité avec l'Argentine et la découverte de gisements gaziers. A travers la restitution d'enquêtes de migration réalisées en 2001-2002, cette recherche s'intéresse aux causes et conséquences de l'évolution récente du peuplement, en ville et en campagne, dans l'Occidente et dans l'OrienteIn Bolivia, the second part of the twentieth century has been punctuated by multiple upheavals (demographic transition, agrarian revolution, closing-down of mines) with numerous impacts on the population growth and distribution. In the Occidente (West) - cold and arid areas of the Andes - the countryside has been emptied and the historical cities reinforced. In the Oriente (East) - hoy and humid valleys and plains - agricultural colonisation, together with the appearance of new settlements, present contrasting dynamics. The department of Tarija - in the Southeast of the country - is not only a privileged observatory of these changes, but also presents its own migratory movements due to its proximity with Argentina and the discovery of gas deposits. Using new migartion surveys carried out in rural and urban areas during the 2001-2002 period, this research aims to study the causes and consequences of the recent evolution of settlement patterns, in the Occidente and in the Oriente
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Castillo, Camacho Sarah. "La tripolarisation territoriale en Bolivie : genèse et actualité." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877869.
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Trois agglomérations majeures caractérisent le système territorial bolivien en concentrant près de la moitié de la population et des emplois nationaux. Ce constat amène à s'interroger sur le rôle économique de cette tripolarisation territoriale face au succès économique de Potosi et Tarija, territoires riches en ressources naturelles. Dans ce travail, nous examinons l'actuelle tripolarisation par l'étude de l'histoire économique de l'émergence de ces trois pôles, puis en examinant les données économiques les plus récentes, de manière à expliquer les forces et les faiblesses de ce tripôle. Chacun des pôles se localise dans un contexte géographique original. La Paz où siège le gouvernement se situe dans la région montagneuse des hauts plateaux à l'Ouest. Santa Cruz, à environ 900 km de La Paz, se localise à l'Est, au centre des plaines amazoniennes. Cochabamba se situe entre les deux, dans les vallées intermédiaires du centre. Cette tripolarisation est relativement récente : la hiérarchie urbaine, longtemps dominée par une ville primatiale n'a donné une configuration tripolaire qu'au cours du dernier demi-siècle. La situation actuelle résulte en partie du cadre particulier de l'émergence du tripôle, liée aux territoires disposant des ressources naturelles ; l'analyse est conduite à partir d'indicateurs d'activité économique et du rôle international de ces territoires. L'approche économique, combinée avec des éléments géographiques, démographiques, historiques, politiques et de développement humain, permet de mettre à jour deux logiques distinctes, mais qui se complètent d'une manière originale : une forme de domination territoriale du tripôle La Paz - Cochabamba - Santa Cruz, à la fois permise et fragilisée par le rôle clé de l'exploitation des richesses naturelles de Potosi et Tarija
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Bongiovanni, Elena. "Gestione dei rifiuti in Bolivia: tecnologie appropriate e sviluppo imprenditoriale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23429/.
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La tesi indaga sulla possibilità di sviluppare attività imprenditoriali nel settore dei rifiuti solidi urbani della Bolivia attraverso l’introduzione di tecnologie appropriate. L’attuale sistema di gestione dei rifiuti in Bolivia non è adeguatamente normato e controllato e favorisce lo sviluppo di pratiche di smaltimento scorrette e pericolose sia per l’ambiente che per la salute umana. Agendo già a livello di gestione dei rifiuti solidi urbani, favorendo l’introduzione di sistemi integrati, è possibile introdurre i principi dell’economia circolare che permetterebbero di migliorare le condizioni economiche, ambientali e sociali e di favorirne uno sviluppo sostenibile. Introdurre un sistema integrato di gestione dei rifiuti solidi urbani darebbe la possibilità di creare nuovi posti di lavoro e accrescere i flussi di rifiuti solidi urbani per categoria merceologica, i quali, costituirebbero importanti flussi di materie prime per le filiere del riciclo e della produzione di beni da materia prima seconda. Lo studio analizza l’attuale gestione dei rifiuti solidi urbani in Bolivia per verificare la possibilità di avviare attività imprenditoriali nel settore che permetterebbero di salvaguardare l’ambiente, favorire lo sviluppo economico e migliorare la condizione sociale dei raccoglitori informali.
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Arreghini, Louis. "Formes et acteurs du changement territorial dans les périphéries du monde : dynamiques urbaines et mutations rurales en Bolivie." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647076.
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Dans un monde globalisé, les territoires de la périphérie du monde entrent dans un processus de changement continuel sous les contraintes de multiples acteurs, transnationaux, étatiques et locaux. Cette thèse s'est fixée comme objectif de révéler la spatialité de ces changements ainsi que les jeux d'acteurs qui y contribuent dans le cas de la Bolivie. Les hypothèses, qui postulent un irréversible processus d'autonomisation des territoires, ont résisté à l'épreuve des faits : les bouleversements politiques et sociaux intervenus pendant la période de la réalisation de ce projet. La thèse présente d'abord un positionnement épistémologique qui propose d'articuler l'espace et ses acteurs dans une perspective modélisatrice. Elle expose ensuite un cadre systémique de mise en cohérence des éléments de structuration et de changement territorial qui place, au centre, un système idéel construit à partir des signaux échangés par les acteurs afin de maîtriser ce changement territorial : signaux de domination, de pression ou de séduction engendrant des relations d'exploitation, de conflits ou de coopération. Ce système idéel est relié à des sous-systèmes matérialisés (organisation politico-administrative, système de villes et espaces de l'économie) qui subissent l'impact des changements étudiés. En effet, les politiques territoriales sont les rétroactions d'un tel système. Le traitement de chaque sous-système matérialisé correspond à un changement d'échelle géographique. Les modèles spatiaux à base de chronochorèmes complètent l'étude dynamique du changement. Ces choix méthodologiques permettent une lecture géographique des résultats suivants : - L'efficacité des mouvements sociaux réside moins dans la matrice sectorielle et professionnelle que dans leur assise territoriale .-L'État concentre ses réformes sur le sous-système matérialisé de l'organisation politico-administrative car il semble n'avoir prise ni sur le système des villes, ni sur les espaces et territoires de l'économie. Il n'est jamais parvenu jusqu'à présent à un accord qui lui aurait permis d'équilibrer dépenses sociales et investissements productifs. Un consensus social devra également être trouvé pour rendre viable un État plurinational. L'État concentre sur lui la majorité des signaux et établit ses politiques territoriales en fonction de leur pression. - La toute puissance technologique et financière des acteurs transnationaux se heurtent à l'efficacité des mouvements sociaux. Toutefois, ces acteurs restent à terme des pièces importantes d'un jeu où , pourvoyeurs d'activité et d'emplois, ils continueront à produire de l'espace et à consommer des territoires
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Marston, Andrea Janet. "Post-neoliberal nature? community water governance in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42962.
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Since the turn of the century, Bolivia has been undergoing a leftward political shift that many scholars have described as “post-neoliberal.” This shift is inflected with communitarian and ecological sensibilities, and politicians frequently depict “community” and “nature” as two axes around which a new, post-neoliberal world order can be imagined. The overarching purpose of this thesis is to explore the friction between the country’s putatively post-neoliberal politics and existing community water governance in Cochabamba, Bolivia. This is pursued through two sub-themes: a comparison of the government’s post-neoliberal rhetoric to its resource management policies; and a comparison of celebratory conceptualizations of community governance to the governance strategies of community-run water systems in La Maica, a region of peri-urban Cochabamba. The thesis argues that, while the Morales government rhetorically celebrates “community” and “nature” as essential pillars of post-neoliberal governance paradigm, reality differs from rhetoric in two ways. First, the Bolivian government’s natural resource agenda has involved a shift towards centralized, state-led management, rather than community governance. Second, actually existing examples of community resource governance are intertwined with non-community institutions and multiple scales of governance, implying that communities are contextually embedded and hybridized structures. The progressive (post-neoliberal) potential of community resource governance therefore depends on both its context-specific manifestation and the support that it receives from the state. Primary data for this thesis was gathered during four months of fieldwork in Cochabamba (June to October 2011), and the four methods employed were expert interviews, interviews with community leaders in La Maica, water user surveys in La Maica, and document analysis.
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Asturizaga, Mallea Jorge G. "Impacto del crecimiento urbano de la ciudad de El Alto en su dependencia con la ciudad de la Paz." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115919.
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Skinner, E. J. "Livelihood strategies in old age : older people and poverty in urban Bolivia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445095/.
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This thesis aims to develop greater understanding of older people's livelihood strategies in Latin America. It asks whether their contributions to household and family are reciprocated with care and support. The thesis analyses the informal livelihood strategies used by poor older people in urban Bolivia in relation to the household, community, labour market and wider political environment. Drawing on a combination of the sustainable livelihoods and life course perspectives, the thesis examines the multiple survival strategies used by older people and analyses the factors affecting their access to different assets. The primary data come from a year's fieldwork in three contrasting urban zones of La Paz, where 600 household surveys, 16 focus groups and more than 40 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The thesis highlights the heterogeneity of older people in La Paz and the broad range of strategies used to maintain their livelihoods in the absence of state support. It shows that family support is not the reliable source of security that it is generally thought to be and that older people often continue to support their descendents rather than vice versa, in cash or in kind. It stresses the importance of continuing reciprocity: few older people can rely on receiving support from others unless they too continue to contribute. Adult children may have to continue relying on their parents because of the high cost of housing and scarce employment opportunities. The rise in single-parent families and increasing labour migration mean that older people may also be responsible for raising their grandchildren. After a lifetime of balancing family and work obligations, women may be better than men at combining different strategies in old age, and they have stronger social networks. Men's lifelong focus on income generation makes it harder for them to devise other survival strategies in old age.
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Mattox, Christopher. "Materializing value: a comparative analysis of status and distinction in urban Tiwanaku, Bolivia." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106512.
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This study seeks to better understand the expression of wealth and status within two sectors of the capital of the Tiwanaku polity, which expanded out of highland Bolivia between 250 and 1100AD. The city of Tiwanaku consisted of a cosmopolitan urban environment, complete with magnificent monumental works, statues, and an elaborate material culture at the city's core, and simultaneously featured extensive residential sectors which housed the majority of the population along the periphery. This urban pattern has been taken, sometimes uncritically, to suggest differences in wealth and status between inhabitants of different sectors of the site. My analysis of the architecture and ceramics from two ritual and residential compound excavations focuses on problematizing the idea of wealth at Tiwanaku; understanding the specific ways which the inhabitants of these areas defined and utilized valuable objects; and recognizing the way these valuable objects, in turn, defined the users. Using a model which assumes that ideas of wealth are heavily embedded in culture and context, I argue that inhabitants of Tiwanaku did, in some, but not all cases, exhibit distinction through the use of material goods at the site. This conclusion highlights the importance of holistic interpretation when looking to the questions of the materialization of past ideas of status and wealth.Cette étude cherche à mieux comprendre comment la richesse et le statut social étaient exprimés dans deux secteurs de la capitale de l'État de Tiwanaku qui s'étendait hors des hauts plateaux Boliviens entre 250 et 1100 ap. JC. La ville de Tiwanaku était un environnement urbain cosmopolite, comprenant dans son centre de magnifiques structures monumentales, statues, et une culture matérielle élaborée, tout en comprenant une vaste étendue de secteurs résidentiels qui abritaient la majorité de sa population dans sa périphérie. Ce patron urbain est souvent utilisé pour suggérer des différences entre les résidents de secteurs distincts du site en terme de richesse et statut social, parfois sans esprit critique. Mon analyse de l'architecture et de la céramique de deux enceintes rituelles et résidentielles excavées porte sur la problématique de l'idée de la richesse à Tiwanaku; sur la compréhension spécifique de la manière dont les habitants de ces secteurs définissaient et utilisaient les objets de valeur; et sur la reconnaissance de comment ces objets de valeur définissaient à leur tour les utilisateurs. En utilisant un modèle qui assume que l'idée de la richesse est profondément imbriquée dans la culture et le contexte social, je propose que les habitants de Tiwanaku manifestaient leur distinction à travers leur utilisation de biens matériels dans certain cas particuliers. Cette conclusion souligne l'importance d'une interprétation holistique lors de l'étude de la question de la matérialisation physique de concepts de statut et de richesse tenus par le passé.
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Wutich, Amber Yoder. "The effects of urban water scarcity on sociabilty [sic] and reciprocity in Cochabamba, Bolivia." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013898.
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Arango, James Steven. "Slope Settlement and Post-Disaster Health Needs of Urban Displacement in La Paz, Bolivia." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5447.
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In 2011, a landslide displaced approximately six thousand people from the urbanized mountain slopes of La Paz, Bolivia. The municipal government of La Paz (GAMLP) managed the displacement by housing thousands of people in displacement camps throughout the city. By 2013, residents were attempting to return to still damaged lands. This research used participant observation and interviews with residents over eight weeks in 2013 to address the following questions: 1) What social, cultural, economic or historic factors influence the settling and then resettling of at-risk slope neighborhoods in La Paz, Bolivia? 2) What are the most pressing health needs of people who have returned to slope neighborhoods and people still living in displacement camps? The research found that the return to at-risk slope properties was supported by entrenched cultural and social meanings attached to land and home ownership. While scarcity of resources galvanized communities to pressure authorities with demonstrations and threats, it also created intra-barrio frictions that disrupted reconstruction, strained existing infrastructure capabilities and threatened to undermine community health.
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Maxwell, Daniel M. "Water Governance in Bolivia: Policy Options for Pro-Poor Infrastructure Reform." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/767.
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As the case with most countries across Latin America, unprecedented migration to urban areas has strained city infrastructure systems. More particularly, the region faces a pressing crisis of water security, where rapid urbanization has outpaced water sector development. This thesis addresses the water infrastructure reform in El Alto and La Paz, Bolivia, focusing on strategies to better promote water access for the peri-urban poor. The research investigates the level of progressivity of water service expansion and pricing regimes: in other words, does the present model of water distribution positively improve the lives of the poorest groups? By investigating these social dimensions of water management, this study brings perspectives on the broader dialogue on Bolivia’s economic development, along with issues of participatory governance.
Resumen: Como es el caso en muchos países latinoamericanos, la migración a áreas urbanas a niveles sin precedentes ha superado la capacidad de infraestructura. Concretamente, la región se enfrenta a una urgente crisis en la seguridad de agua potable dado que la rápida urbanización ha sobrepasado el desarrollo de este sector. Esta tesis aborda la reforma de la infraestructura de agua potable en El Alto y La Paz, Bolivia, enfocando en las estrategias para mejorar el acceso a agua por parte de los residentes periurbanos pobres. La investigación averigua el nivel de progresividad de los regímenes de precios y expansión de servicios de agua potable. En otras palabras, ¿contribuye el actual modelo de distribución de agua al mejoramiento de la vida de los grupos más desfavorecidos? Al investigar estas dimensiones sociales en el manejo de agua potable, este estudio ofrece perspectivas en cuanto al diálogo amplio del desarrollo económico de Bolivia, así como asuntos de gobernanza participativa.
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Smith, Malin. "Sustainability assessment of sanitation systems in El Alto, Bolivia : A pre-study." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-403011.
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The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 6.2 aims at providing access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and to end open defecation by 2030. Yet, 47 % of the population in Bolivia lacked access to basic sanitation services in 2012. There is a risk of actors focusing on only the construction of toilet facilities, without looking at the need for related service required for a sustainable development. El Alto is a rapidly growing city in Bolivia where the sanitation service is expanding fast. In order to enhance knowledge about the sustainability of existing sanitation systems in El Alto and to give recommendations for future development, this sustainability assessment was conducted. Two sanitation systems in El Alto were assessed against five sustainability criteria, related to: 1) health, 2) environment, 3) technical function, 4) socio-culture (institutional and user related) and 5) economy. The conventional sanitation system with sewers and an alternative small-scale sanitation system with urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) were selected as system options. Results show that the "conventional system" entails higher health risks than the "UDDT system". For example, blockages in the main sewer lines cause overflows in the streets during rainy season when storm water gets mixed with potentially infectious wastewater. The UDDT system has a higher performance than the conventional system regarding the environment criterion, which is related to nutrients recovery and removal. Results related to the technical function criterion show that the conventional system has a better capacity to endure a change in quality or quantity of input products to the system. Both systems can handle the freezing temperatures in El Alto but the UDDT system has better resilience against climate change impacts such as flooding or drought events. The levels of complexity are reasonable in a local context for both systems. If assuming that the aspiration for flush toilets is as low in entire El Alto as in the area of investigation, results show that users of the UDDT system are more satisfied than uses of the conventional system. The dissatisfaction expressed by users of the conventional system mainly derives from malodors appearing during the wastewater overflows in the streets. The institutional capacity is stronger for the conventional system, making it harder for the UDDT system to expand. In addition, the UDDT system has difficulties with financing. Recommendations for future development are to inspect and renew the sewer network and to review and expand treatment capacity of the centralized treatment plant. Financial resources should be focused on the UDDT system where there is no sewer network.Det globala hållbarhetsdelmålet 6.2 syftar till att senast 2030 säkerställa att alla har tillgång till fullgod och rättvis sanitet och hygien och att ingen behöver uträtta sina behov utomhus. År 2012 hade fortfarande 47% av Bolivias befolkning inte tillgång till acceptabel sanitet. Det finns en risk för att aktörer fokuserar på enbart snabb utbyggnation av toaletter, utan att ta hänsyn till behovet av relaterad service som krävs för en hållbar utveckling. För att sanitetssystem ska räknas som hållbara krävs, förutom att de skyddar hälsan, även att de är ekonomiskt genomförbara, socialt accepterade, tekniskt och institutionellt anpassade och att de skyddar miljön och hushåller med naturresurser. Med syftet att öka kunskapen kring hållbarheten av de existerande sanitetssystemen i El Alto, en snabbt växande stad i Bolivia, och för att ge rekommendationer till framtida utveckling av sanitetssystemen, genomfördes en hållbarhetsanalys av två existerande sanitetssystem i området. Det ena var det konventionella systemet tillhörande avloppsledningar och det andra var ett alternativt småskaligt system tillhörande urinsorterande torrtoaletter (UDDT). Resultaten visar på att det ”konventionella systemet” innebär högre hälsorisker än ”UDDT systemet” för arbetarna och för boende som vistas i områdena där systemen finns. Det dåligt underhållna avloppssystemet var den avgörande faktorn, eftersom under regnperioder orsakas översvämningar av avloppsvatten på gatorna. Det konventionella systemet orsakar ungefär sex gånger så höga utsläpp av övergödande ämnen som UDDT systemet. UDDT systemet har potential att återvinna ungefär 64 % av inkommande kväve medan den motsvarande siffran för det konventionella systemet är endast 9%. Det konventionella systemet klarar bättre av förändringar i kvalitet och kvantitet av inflöden än UDDT systemet men båda systemen klarar av perioder då minusgrader inträffar. UDDT systemet förväntas, till skillnad från det konventionella systemet, att kunna hantera eventuell torka eller översvämning bättre som kan inträffa till följd av klimatförändringar. Till stor del på grund av de årligt förekommande översvämningarna av avloppsvatten på gatorna verkar användarna av det konventionella systemet vara mindre nöjda med sitt sanitetssystem än vad användarna av UDDT systemet verkar vara. Det gäller då att viljan att skaffa vattentoaletter är lika låg i hela El Alto som i området där intervjuer gjordes. Den institutionella kapaciteten är högre för det konventionella systemet än för UDDT systemet, vilket gör det svårare för UDDT systemet att expandera. Dessutom har UDDT systemet finansiella svårigheter. Rekommendationer för framtida utveckling av sanitetssystemen i El Alto är delvis att underhålla och förnya avloppsledningarna och att expandera kapaciteten på det konventionella vattenreningsverket innan fler hushåll ansluts till ledningsnätet. Finansiella medel rekommenderas fokuseras på UDDT systemet i områden där avloppsledningar inte täcker.
El Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 6 Meta 2 incluye que hasta el 2030, se logre el acceso a servicios de saneamiento e higiene adecuados y equitativos para todos y poner fin a la defecación al aire libre. Todavía, 47 % de la población en Bolivia carecía de acceso a saneamiento básico en 2012. Para alcanzar la meta sin comprometer los otros objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, la Alianza Sustenable de Saneamiento (SuSanA) identificó cinco criterios de sostenibilidad para el desarrollo de sistemas de saneamiento. Estos criterios son relacionados con: 1) salud e higiene, 2) medio ambiente y recursos naturales, 3) tecnología 4) asuntos financieros y económicos, y 5) aspectos socioculturales e institucionales (SuSanA, 2008). Con el objeto de mejorar el conocimiento sobre la sostenibilidad de los sistemas de saneamiento existentes en El Alto, una ciudad en rápido crecimiento en Bolivia, y para dar recomendaciones para el futuro desarrollo, se realizó una evaluación comparativa sobre la sostenibilidad de dos de los sistemas. Se evaluó el ”sistema convencional”, que tiene conexiones al alcantarillado y una planta de tratamiento centralizado. Tabmbien se evaluó el ”sistema UDDT”, que tiene baños secos ecológicos de los cuales existen en menor escala en El Alto. Los resultados muestran que existe alto riesgo para la salud derivados del alcantarillado del sistema convencional. Durante la temporada de lluvia suele ocurrir bloqueos taponamientos en la red del alcantarillado. Los bloqueos causan desbordes de aguas residuales en las calles que se mezclan con aguas pluviales. Los resultados muestran también que emisiones de eutrofización son aproximadamente seis veces más altas que el sistema convencional en comparación con el sistema UDDT. El potencial para el reciclaje de nitrógeno se puede estimar en 64%del sistema UDDT y solo 9%del sistema convencional. Los resultados sobre robustez muestran que el sistema convencional tiene una mejor capacidad para soportar un cambio en la calidad o cantidad de productos de entrada al sistema. Ambos sistemas pueden manejar las temperaturas de congelación en El Alto, pero el sistema UDDT tiene una mejor resistencia contra los impactos del cambio climático, como una inundación o una sequía. Existe insatisfacción que expresan los usuarios del sistema convencional debido a los desbordes anuales de aguas residuales en las calles. En general, los usarios del sistema UDDT estaban satisfechos. Parece que la aspiración de inodoros con descarga de agua es más baja en El Alto comparado con una ciudad más al sur de Bolivia. Por que la capacidad institucional es más fuerte para el sistema convencional comparado con el sistema UDDT, es más fácil para el sistema convencional expandirse. Además, los recursos financieros no están asegurados para el sistema UDDT. Las recomendaciones para el futuro desarrollo del situación de saneamiento es inspeccionar y renovar la red de alcantarillado existente y revisar y ampliar la capacidad de tratamiento de la planta de tratamiento centralizada antes de expandir la red de alcantarillado. Los recursos financieros deben centrarse en el sistema UDDT donde ya no existe una red de alcantarillado.
This thesis has been a pre-study linked to the Stockholm Environment Institute-led Bolivia WATCH program (contributing to more integrated sanitation and watershed management planning in Bolivia), and particularly to its sub-project ‘Comparative sustainability assessment of sanitation services’, which aims at generating a fair and comprehensive comparison between different sanitation system approaches. The comparative assessment, developed in collaboration with RISE, AguaTuya and Unicef, is expected to provide insights and guide future sanitation investments in Bolivia, but also highlight where both conventional and alternative approaches have improvement potential from a sustainability perspective in the Bolivian setting.
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Martel-Latendresse, Fannie. "Idioms of distress, healing and coping behaviours among urban Aymara women in El Alto, Bolivia." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107778.
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This thesis reports a qualitative ethnographic study conducted in a small sample of local informants composed of Aymara women living in El Alto, an urban-poor setting in the outskirts of La Paz, Bolivia. The aims of the study were the following: What are the local idioms of distress, main explanatory models and help-seeking, healing and coping behaviours, with regards to the experience of distress and mental illness within this specific population? Data were collected during ethnographic fieldwork, mostly through interviews using the MINI interview. Results suggest the existence of specific idioms of distress, healing and coping behaviours, which are being adapted to the cultural and urban context of the population by the process of creolization. The most common idioms of distress and illnesses are described, i.e. preocupaciones, pena, susto, and nervios. Health inequalities and accessibility to health services are discussed, and few recommendations for practice and research are made.Ce mémoire porte sur une étude ethnographique réalisée auprès de femmes Aymara vivant à El Alto, une ville située aux limites de La Paz, en Bolivie. La question de recherche était la suivante : Quelles sont les expressions de la détresse et de la maladie mentale au sein de cette population, de même que leurs principaux modèles explicatifs, leurs mécanismes de recherche d'aide, et leurs stratégies d'adaptation et de guérison? Les données ont été majoritairement recueillies à l'aide de l'entrevue MINI. Les résultats suggèrent l'existence de comportements et de moyens d'expression spécifiques à cette population, qui ont été adaptés à son contexte urbain et culturel par le processus de créolisation. Les expressions et maladies les plus courantes sont décrites, ex. preocupaciones, pena, susto et nervios. La présence d'inégalités sociales et l'accessibilité aux soins de santé sont discutées et des recommandations pour la recherche et la pratique sont mentionnées.
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Traczynski, Elsa. "The problem of being a poor child in urban Bolivia, all work and no play." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ51489.pdf.
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Darbellay, Alina Maria Anna. "Rural-urban interactions in North Chuquisaca, Bolivia : flow of goods, relational exchange and power relations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294182.
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Horn, Philipp. "Indigeneity, constitutional changes and urban policies : conflicting realities in La Paz, Bolivia and Quito, Ecuador." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/indigeneity-constitutional-changes-and-urban-policies-conflicting-realities-in-la-paz-bolivia-and-quito-ecuador(e6fa9601-cdba-44dd-be62-f0e2ac646c3b).html.
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This thesis critically examines the role of indigeneity in urban policies and planning in a context of constitutional changes that have taken place in Bolivia and Ecuador in the recent decade. It departs from previous academic and policy research which mainly studied indigenous rights in rural areas and focused on urban indigenous peoples as outlawed, excluded, or insurgent subjects. Instead, it conceptualises the translation of indigenous rights into urban policies as a complex process in which a multiplicity of social actors – including government officials and urban indigenous groups – are involved. Drawing on the practice-centric literature on urban policy and planning, it recognises that the work of government officials is influenced by multiple factors such as constitutional texts as well as their personal views, interest group demands, and the wider structural and political environment surrounding them. Government attempts to translate indigenous rights are contrasted to urban indigenous peoples’ own understandings of indigeneity and associated interests and demands. In addition, this thesis uses an asset accumulation framework as well as the concept of tactics to identify how urban indigenous peoples address and negotiate their interests and demands and try to influence decision-making processes from the bottom-up. The thesis relies on La Paz (Bolivia) and Quito (Ecuador) as ‘illustrative cases’ to study the role of indigeneity in urban policies. As both La Paz and Quito represent capital cities, it was possible to approach government officials operating at multiple scales – international, national and local – as well as ordinary urban indigenous residents. Methodologically, the thesis employs a qualitative, case study comparison and draws on information derived from semi-structured interviews, document analysis, participant observation and participatory focus groups conducted during eleven months of fieldwork. In terms of comparison, this thesis makes use of a variation-finding approach. By explaining variations between the cases through focusing on the unique processes and factors that shaped the translation of indigenous rights within each city, it intends to offer a more nuanced and context-responsive approach for studying urban indigeneity and addressing indigenous rights in cities. A central finding of this thesis is that the incorporation of indigeneity into urban policies and indigenous people’s own practices to fulfil their specific demands were characterised by a set of conflicting realities: First, for government officials the translation of indigenous rights into urban policies sometimes clashed with other priorities – such as addressing universal rights and interests of non-indigenous pressure groups – or with their own views of the city as a ‘white’, ‘western’, and ‘modern’ places. Second, urban indigenous peoples articulated multiple and contradictory identities. They mainly did this by voicing specific demands for land – an important asset which they associated with the preservation of a communal and traditional lifestyle but also with aspirations to lead a modern and capitalist life in the city. Third, the findings reveal that indigenous peoples – particularly their community leaders – had to enter in negotiations with governments to access different assets such as land, housing, or education. In these processes leaders manoeuvred between different worlds. They had to conform to political agendas and – particularly in the case of Bolivia – to official spatialized understandings of identity and rights which often conflicted with their own sense of being indigenous in the city.
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Salimi, Kate. "Gender Dimensions of Community-managed Water Systems: Gender-water Realities in Peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32250.
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This thesis examines women’s participation in community-managed water systems in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia based on fieldwork conducted from June-August 2013. Informed by a Feminist political ecology framework, this thesis demonstrates that there are key gendered differences in experiences with water because women are the primary managers of water in the home, and their labour, time and livelihoods are significantly impacted by the lack of safe water. By unearthing women’s experiences and opinions from a number of water committees, networked systems of water should be considered part of a ‘feminist agenda’ as having access to networked water systems decreases women’s physical workloads and the costs of household water. However, while networked water systems are not perfect from a gendered perspective as male community members hold most of the decision-making positions, alliances with progressive NGOs play an important role within Cochabamba’s waterscape as they promote a politics of equity and encourage women to see themselves as vocal subjects, able to define and defend their gender interests.
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Ströbele-Gregor, Juliana. "Dialektik der Gegenaufklärung : zur Problematik fundamentalistischer und evangelikaler Missionierung bei den urbanen Aymara in La Paz (Bolivien) /." Bonn : Holos-Verl, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36210453f.
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Byrskog, Sara. "Participation in women’s groups: a mean to overcome oppression? : A Field Study made in urban Bolivia." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26847.
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This Bachelor’s thesis is the result of a field study conducted in urban Bolivia. The aim of the study was to get a deeper understanding of the factors that can endorse or limit the potential for the women in a women’s group to influence social and economic agendas. It is a qualitative study that concerns the international social work with a women’s group, whose purpose seek to serve professional management in the production and selling of handicrafts. Participant observations in the women’s group, as well as interviews with two of the international social workers involved with the group were conducted. The results were analysed using a feminist theory perspective, with intersectionality theory as the main tool for analysis. The findings show that the access to income-generating activities can widen the elements of social identification for the women through active learning-processes, and further move towards an image where they become social actors. Concerns regarded if decision-making power were equally distributed among all women in the group.
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Eichholz, Michael [Verfasser]. "Wasserversorgungspraktiken in urbanen Räumen Boliviens : Praxistheoretische Untersuchung eines gesellschaftlichen Naturverhältnisses [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Michael Eichholz." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060787407/34.
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Mejía, Contreras Andrea Isabella. "Cholets: distinción y sectores emergentes en el Alto - Bolivia. Una exploración del diseño, valorización y usos del ''cholet”." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19220.
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Los cholets son edificaciones cuya colorida estética y diseño arquitectónico se
distinguen dentro del espacio urbano de la ciudad de El Alto, Bolivia. En términos
de división funcional, los “cholets” se caracterizan por contar con un salón de
eventos y espacios comerciales en los primeros pisos, departamentos de
vivienda para alquiler en los pisos medios y, en la parte alta del edificio, se ubica
la vivienda de los propietarios. Esta investigación se aproxima a este tipo de
edificaciones como un objeto cultural con el objetivo de dar luces sobre cuáles
son los valores y el uso –construidos tanto discursivamente como en la práctica–
asociados a estas formas arquitectónicas. Para ello, se analizan múltiples
espacios y contextos sociales- a modo de regímenes de valor- como también a
actores diversos, tales como usuarios, arquitectos y críticos especializados. El
foco apuesta por considerar ''cholets'' como un producto cultural implicado en
complejos procesos identitarios y de distinción social de un sector económico
emergente de la sociedad boliviana que procura consolidar su capital simbólico.
La metodología utilizada es de corte cualitativo. Se realizará un mapeo de la
circulación del cholet y los distintos discursos e imaginarios construidos sobre
este tanto en redes sociales y medios de comunicación, como en espacios
físicos. Sobre la identificación de espacios, se recurre a entrevistas a propietarios
de las edificaciones, arquitectos e ingenieros que los han edificado, a vecinos y
a críticos, tales como académicos de las escuelas de arquitectura de La Paz y
curadores de muestras arquitectónicas; en líneas generales a los actores que se
encuentren involucrados en los regímenes de valor donde circule el cholet.
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Goldstein, Daniel Marc 1965. "Por las propias manos/In our own hands: Resistance and representation on the margins of urban Bolivia." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282413.
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This dissertation is concerned with questions of collective identity, political process, and the relationships between one self-identifying community on the outskirts of Cochabamba, Bolivia and the larger systems of institutional power and authority to which that community is subordinated. It examines the practices of representation that are ongoing in the barrio of Villa Sebastian Pagador, the ways in which community leaders and residents elaborate images of and ideas about the barrio and project these to outsiders. The audience for these presentations is broad, but particularly includes representatives of the state and the municipal government, those people with the ability to improve the quality of life of barrio residents. By representing Villa Pagador as a "community," a group of people of shared origins working together for a common future, the people of Pagador hope to persuade the municipal and national authorities to aid them in their efforts to transform local infrastructure, and to negotiate a more positively valued identity for themselves as a community within the greater urban center of Cochabamba. Relying on a triangulated methodology that includes long-term participant-observation in the study community, informal interviewing of barrio leaders and residents, and the collection of a large corpus of secondary-source materials, this dissertation seeks to analyze the processes of community formation in Villa Pagador. In doing so, it conceptualizes community formation as a kind of resistance process, a way to contest the imposition of a pejorative identity that excludes urban migrants from the mainstream of urban national life. People in Villa Pagador resist the identity of a "marginal barrio" imposed upon them within the broader context of Bolivian society, in which urban migrant barrios are categorized as backward, isolated, uncivilized, and unimportant in the larger national social formation. By asserting their own centrality to the Bolivian nation, pagadoredos contest this sense of their own marginality, claiming instead that they are a community fully integral to the Bolivian nation and so deserving of attention from the legally constituted municipal and national authorities.
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Martin, Ceydric. "Complexe migratoire et distribution spatiale de population dans le Sud bolivien Enquêtes en milieux rural et urbain dans le département du Tarija." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492517.
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Denis, Fazlji. "Art as a tool for social transformation : A minor field study examining the increase of social and human capital amongst the urban indigenous youth of El Alto Bolivia through active participation in local cultural association ALBORs activities." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18852.
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Denna uppsats handlar om den andra generationens ursprungsfolks urbana migranter i El Alto området Bolivia. ALBOR är en kulturförening som arbetar med ledarskapsutbildning och tala offentligt genom skapandet och framträdandet av poesi och scenkonst. Uppsatsen bygger på idéen att socialt kapital är främst något positivt som främjar sammanhållning inom samhällen och dess medlemmar. De frågor som tas upp i studien är hur kan ALBOR genom sitt arbete öka socialt och humant kapital bland ungdomar från marginaliserade ursprungsfolkgrupper i El Alto och därmed förbättra deras välbefinnande genom aktivt deltagande i föreningens verksamhet. Metoden som användes var kvalitativ där data som rör frågorna för studien samlades in genom intervjuer och materialet analyserades sedan i enlighet med teorierna om socialt kapital och andra kapital. Studien visar att ALBOR spelar en viktig roll för dessa unga människor när det gäller att skapa och upprätthålla socialt kapital. Den visar också att det är ett incitament för ungdomarna att delta politiskt så väl som ett verktyg för att få inflytande och erkännande i samhället. Det aktiva deltagandet i föreningens verksamhet har inte bara gett dem möjligheten att skapa och upprätthålla sitt sociala kapital internt inom föreningen, men även externt genom deltagande i kultur festivaler för ungdomar och därmed möjliggjort skapandet av breda sociala nätverk i hela Bolivia genom konst.
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Roxendal, Tara. "Designing Sustainable Wastewater Management : A case study at a research farm in Bolivia." Thesis, Institutionen för energi och teknik, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-174255.
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Sustainable sanitation and wastewater management are of increasing importance around the world while certain resources are becoming scarcer and therefore more valuable. The lack of proper wastewater management causes problems and the degradation of some resources. Increasing urbanization in peri-urban areas puts extra stress on the need for finding and implementing sustainable solutions to prevent ground- and surface water contamination. The study aimed to design a more sustainable wastewater management at the farm Ceasip located in the peri-urban area of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. Due to the lack of proper wastewater management on the farm, Ceasip was a likely contributor to the contamination of the groundwater. Of the farm’s different wastewater sources, this study focused on the domestic wastewater and its possible reuse in agriculture. The prioritized sustainability criteria were to prevent groundwater contamination, reduce water usage and recycle nutrients. First various wastewater management options were identified. Next these were evaluated according to the different sustainability criteria previously mentioned. In order to determine a management option, data and information were collected and processed regarding water flows, water quality, physical conditions as well as sustainability criteria within environment, technology, socio-culture, health and economy. Results of the present conditions for Ceasip showed various characteristics, like small water flows, high nitrogen and fecal coliform concentration and clayey soils, from which suitability of different treatments was determined. Urine separation was deemed appropriate for Ceasip to increase the recycling of nutrients as well as reduce the nitrogen levels in wastewater. Treatment ponds and leach fields were designed as two wastewater treatment alternatives. For Ceasip to implement and manage water and wastewater sustainably through one of the mentioned alternatives could have a positive impact for the farm and environment, as well as serve as an example to employees, visitors and other establishments.El saneamiento y gestión sostenible de las aguas residuales es de creciente importancia en los tiempos modernos. Los recursos naturales son cada vez más escasos y valiosos. Mas aún, la falta del manejo adecuado de aguas residuales es causa importante de la degradación de los recursos restantes. La creciente urbanización en las zonas periurbanas acentúa la necesidad de encontrar e implementar soluciones sostenibles en el manejo de aguas residuales. En estas zonas dicho manejo (colección y tratamiento de aguas residuales) es deficiente. Como consecuencia se percibe una contaminación continua de las aguas subterráneas en estas condiciones. El objetivo del estudio realizado fue diseñar un sistema de gestión de aguas residuales más sostenible para la granja Ceasip ubicada en la zona periurbana de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. El estudio se enfoca principalmente en el manejo de las aguas residuales domésticas y su posible reutilización en la agricultura. Sin embargo, cabe mencionar que las aguas residuales en la granja Ceasip provienen también de otras actividades. Para el concepto de sostenibilidad de este proyecto, son prioritarios los criterios de prevención de la contaminación del agua subterránea, la reducción del consumo de agua y el reciclaje de nutrientes. La metodología de estudio consistió en varias etapas. Después de una extensa revisión de la literatura existente diferentes opciones de gestión fueron evaluadas de acuerdo con los criterios de sostenibilidad antes mencionados. Para hacer una elección de un tratamiento adecuado, se realizaron compilaciones y procesamiento de datos con respecto a los flujos y la calidad de aguas, las condiciones geomorfológicas, climáticas así como la evaluación de algunos parámetros ambientales, sociales, técnicos, económicos, y de salubridad. En las condiciones actuales, los resultados de las evaluaciones de la granja, resaltaron aspectos críticos sobre los que se propusieron algunos tratamientos alternativos; por ejemplo el aumento en el reciclaje de nutrientes así como la reducción de los niveles de nitrógeno en las aguas residuales. La separación de la orina se consideró de gran importancia para la gestión apropiada de las aguas residuales de Ceasip. Al final se sugirieron dos posibles alternativas para el diseño del tratamiento de aguas, la utilización de lagunas o de lechos filtrantes con arena, cuya contribuiría positivamente tanto como para el entorno local y el personal de la granja así como para la comunidad en general, sirviendo como ejemplo para otros establecimientos.
Hållbar sanitet och avloppsvattenhantering är av ökande vikt runt om i världen. Resurser blir allt knappare och mer värdefulla medan bristen på hållbar hantering även skapar problem och degradering av återstående resurser. På grund av den ökande urbaniseringen är grundvattnet i städernas periferier speciellt utsatt eftersom avloppsvattenhantering saknas där. Syftet med denna studie är att designa en mer hållbar avloppsvattenhantering för gården Ceasip i peri-urbana Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. I nuläget saknas en lämplig lösning på gården. Av de olika typerna av avloppsvatten på gården, fokuserar denna studie främst på avloppsvattnet från hushåll och möjligheterna att återanvända det inom jordbruket. För hållbarhetskonceptet i uppsatsen, prioriteras följande kriterier: skydd av grundvattnet, minskning av grundvattenkonsumtion och näringsåtervinning. En litteraturstudie gjordes över olika avloppsvattenhanteringsalternativ som sedan utvärderades enligt hållbarhetskriterierna. För att bestämma det mest lämpliga hanteringsalternativet, samlades data och information om vattenflöden, vattenkvalitéer, klimat, geomorfologi och även för miljö, teknik, hälsa, ekonomi och kultur. Resultaten från sammanställningen visade på olika egenskaper från vilka lämplig hantering bestämdes. För att öka återvinningen av näringsämnen och minska kvävekoncentrationerna i avloppsvattnet, visade det sig vara lämpligt att använda urinsortering. Två behandlingsalternativ designades, och det föreslogs antingen behandlingsdammar eller förstärkta infiltrationsanläggningar. Då någon av dessa alternativ tillämpas på Ceasip skulle man även kunna påverka lokalt och regionalt genom att sätta ett bra exempel.
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Schafer, Cynthia Anne. "Impact of Tank Material on Water Quality in Household Water Storage Systems in Cochabamba, Bolivia." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3596.
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The importance of water as a mechanism for the spread of disease is well recognized. This study conducted household surveys and measured several physical, chemical, and microbial water quality indicators in 37 elevated storage tanks constructed of different materials (polyethylene, fiberglass, cement) located in a peri-urban community near Cochabamba, Bolivia. Results show that although there is no significant difference in physical and chemical water quality between polyethylene, fiberglass and cement water storage tanks there is a difference in microbial contamination as measured by E. Coli counts (p = 0.082). Evidence points toward elevated water temperatures that increase along the distribution system (from 10.6°C leaving the treatment plant) to within the black polyethylene storage tank (temperatures as high as 33.7°C) as the most significant factor in promoting bacterial growth. Results indicate that cleaning frequency may also contribute to microbial water quality (p = 0.102).
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Menéndez, Monzonís Laura. "La Calidad de Vida Urbana medida a través del tipo de acceso al agua potable. el caso de Cochabamba, Bolivia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323086.
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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la calidad de vida de una población a partir su tipo de acceso al agua potable, especialmente en las zonas donde no existe cobertura de la red pública. Para ello se diseña un Índice de Calidad de Vida Urbana (ICVU) en el que el acceso al agua potable es un factor determinante. Esta herramienta da respuesta a los estudios internacionales que demuestran que el agua es un factor esencial en la calidad de vida de una sociedad y por tanto no debe considerarse tan sólo como una variable más dentro de la dimensión del hábitat (como hasta el momento se ha considerado en los métodos existentes para el cálculo de la calidad de vida).
Por otro lado, el estudio del caso se ha realizado en el área sin cobertura de agua potable de la ciudad de Cochabamba (Bolivia). Por lo que, además del objetivo principal mencionado, ha contribuido a dar solución al problema de la carencia de información de la zona. La obtención de estos datos actualizados y representativos es de gran importancia ya que permite hacer un diagnóstico adecuado de la zona más vulnerable de la ciudad y por tanto será de gran utilidad a la hora de proyectar futuras intervenciones, especialmente en aquellas relacionadas con la mejora del acceso al agua y la calidad de vida de los habitantes.
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Hiding, Camilla. "Diversity of birds in relation to area, vegetation structure and connectivity in urban green areas in La Paz, Bolivia." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79408.
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With a growing human population, cities keep growing worldwide altering ecosystem and thereby affecting the species living in these areas. Most studies of urbanization and its effect on ecosystem have been conducted in the western world and little is known about its effect in the neotropical part of the world. I examined effects of fragment size, vegetation structure and connectivity of urban green areas on bird species richness, mean abundance, diversity and biomass in La Paz, Bolivia. Additionally, the effects of different disturbance variables on bird community were evaluated. In total, 36 bird species were found in 24 fragment of varying size, connectivity and level of disturbance. Bird species richness decreased with increasing disturbance while connectivity and fragment size did not contribute significantly to explain the variation in species richness at count point scale (p>0.005, multiple linear regression). At fragment scale, however, species richness increased with fragment sizes, which has been shown in other studies from neotrophical regions. Variation in abundance, diversity or biomass could not be explained by connectivity, fragment size or disturbance. Furthermore, coverage of construction had a negative effect on species richness while coverage of bushes and coverage of herbs were negatively related to biomass and diversity, respectively. The composition of bird species differed with size and disturbance of the fragments, so that more omnivorous and granivorous species such as Zonotrichia capensis, Turdus chiguanco and Zenaida auriculata, were present in areas highly affected by human activities. Larger fragments, less affected by human presence held a larger proportion of insectivorous species.
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Mercado, Auf der Maur Adhemar. ""We do not play music for the applause!" : explorations of Andean autochthonous music as worlding practices in urban Bolivia." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/11fbc4cd-5932-4515-b2ea-570627e6c671.
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This thesis is an exploration of Andean autochthonous music as a practice of decolonisation in the urban context of Bolivia. It follows the cultural, social, religious and political activities of different music groups who play autochthonous music in the city and the surrounding area of Cochabamba and La Paz. Following their stories it contrasts and contextualises these groups’ journeys within the wider socio–political processes of Bolivian society. In this sense, my research follows Anders Burman’s call for a move away from the ‘critical intellectual theorizing’ of decolonisation and towards a more practice-oriented approach to decolonisation. Music in this context is understood as a complex, interdependent and inherently situated practice that is in constant process of creating worlds. The thesis dwells on the implications for academic knowledge production when we take seriously the claims, practices and experiences of those people we engage with in our research. The thesis thus explores the ramifications and importance of the claim made by autochthonous musicians that music is more than just an artistic performance, an aesthetic endeavour for applause or for political vindications. Doing so, the thesis problematizes the questions of authenticity, folklorisation and politics of recognition more broadly that are generally associated with Andean autochthonous music. The thesis seeks to take the experience and ideas of urban autochthonous musicians seriously by engaging with those worlds, and spiritual hinterlands that are invoked through Andean autochthonous music. The question then is not whether music can be an instrument of decolonisation. Rather the thesis asks: under what circumstances does music contribute to decolonisation and what kind of decolonisation processes does music bring about? In this sense, the project explores the possibilities and limitations of discourses and activities of the urban autochthonous music groups wherein Quechua and Aymara political vindications and the empowerment of Andean ways of knowing and being become possible. Through the example of urban autochthonous music groups the thesis engages with the idea and the conditions of possibility necessary for social and political change. I suggest to look at music and autochthonous music in particular as sites of many worldings, where the pluriverse gets enacted and performed. The thesis’ aim is to contribute to further our understanding of how the decolonial, post-colonial or critical theoretical frameworks continue to perpetuate colonial structures and contribute to the further folklorisation and cooptation of the indigenous and other marginalised cultures and lived experiences rather than their liberation.
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Vargas, Marcelo. "The Aimara identity of Neopentecostals in urban La Paz, Bolivia : with specific reference to the Power of God Church." Thesis, Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732970.
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Baldinelli, Giulia Maria. "Indigenous farmers' rural-urban migration and agrobiodiversity conservation : exploring connections in the Bolivian Altiplano Norte." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/24332/.
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This study investigates the connections between indigenous people's migration and agrobiodiversity conservation in the Altiplano Norte of Bolivia. The Altiplano Norte is located in one of the centres of origin and biodiversity in the world, where smallholder farmers maintain in their plots a wide range of agricultural varieties and relevant knowledge. Around Lake Titicaca significant effort has been devoted, in recent decades, to the prevention of genetic erosion. However, the phenomenon of farmers' rural-urban migration, although predominant in the Altiplano Norte, has been accounted for only marginally with regard to on-farm agrobiodiversity conservation both within the initiatives coordinated and implemented by national and international stakeholders, and in the academic literature. In order to produce useful knowledge for a better understanding of farmers' relationship with agrobiodiversity today, this research explores the broader context in which indigenous smallholders operate, according to traditional practices, as well as to new stimuli and priorities. The space in which they live and the identities and aspirations that influence their choices and behaviours are characterised by an increased proximity, at both a physical and an ideal level, between the rural and the urban dimensions. Two trends are identified and analysed in this work: 1) agronomic simplification, observable in the Altiplano Norte as well as in other developing countries' regions, as part of a process of deagrarianisation; 2) agrobiodiversity reinvention, taking shape in a period in which the indigenous roots of Bolivia, native crops and traditional dishes experience a revival in discourse and food practices. Temporary and return migrants are important characters in this process, as innovators and crucial allies for scientists promoting agrobiodiversity conservation.
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Fuller, Ruth. "Forging opportunities: A study of livelihoods, migration strategies and knowledge pursuit by poor urban livestock keepers in India and Bolivia." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493928.
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By the year 2030, it has been estimated that 1/2 of the world's poor will live in urban areas. Livestock keeping has been found to be a critical activity of the urban poor largely occurring informally and often directly contravening legislation. Therefore this thesis explores a range of 'opportunities' forged by urban livestock keepers in regards to livelihoods, migration strategies and the pursuit of livestock knowledge. The study focused on three cities. El Alto and Cochabamba in Bolivia, and Chennai in India. Semi-structured interviews with 683 participants informed the research.
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Xavier, Iara Rolnik 1982. "Projeto migratório e espaço = os migrantes bolivianos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279459.
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Orientador: Sylvain SouchaudDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T05:52:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Xavier_IaraRolnik_M.pdf: 6019340 bytes, checksum: 810bc19551fec150fdf310cab1d0c1fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação é conhecer a lógica da inserção socioterritorial dos migrantes bolivianos residentes na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Por meio de uma abordagem que busca ir além das determinantes estrututrais de organização e formação do território metropolitano, o trabalho procura apontar os sentidos contidos nas trajetórias urbanas inscritas nos projetos migratórios dos próprios bolivianos. O trabalho utiliza, entre outras fontes, dados quantitativos (Censo 2000, registro de bolivianos no Sistema Único de Saúde) e qualitativos (entrevistas semidigiridas e observação de campo), sendo estruturado em três dimensões de análise. A primera é uma breve descrição do contexto das migrações na Bolívia, para situar as origens dos movimentos migratórios para o Brasil, desde os anos 1950. Focamos El Alto (departamento de La Paz), com base na hipótese de que o maior contingente populacional da migração boliviana à RMSP, a partir dos anos 1980, é oriundo desta cidade. A segunda dimensão consiste em apresentar a localização dos bolivianos na escala metropolitana, privilegiando alguns pontos de sua agregação. A terceira, enfim, contempla a escala microssocial, analisando as trajetórias urbanas dos bolivianos neste espaço e, entendendo o mesmo como recurso, busca acompanhar seu uso por estes migrantes
Abstract: This research aims to understand the socioterritorial insertion of Bolivian migrants in São Paulo Metropolitan Region (RMSP). Through an analysis that goes beyond the structural determinants of organization and formation of São Paulo's metropolitan territory, the dissertation focus the urban trajectories inserted in the migratory projects of the migrants themselves. Among others sources, the work uses quantitative data (2000 Census, data from the register of Bolivians in the Unified National Health System) and qualitative (semistructured interviews and field work), to present three dimensions of analysis. The first is a brief description of the migratory context in Bolivia, to point out the origins of the migratory movements to Brazil, since 1950's. We focus on the city of El Alto (La Paz's department), based on the the hypothesis of that the most part of of the Bolivian migration to the RMSP, since the 1980's, is derived from this city. The second dimension presents the Bolivians location at the Metropolitan scale, focusing some of its aggregation points. The third, contemplates the microssocial scale, analyzing the urban trajectories of the Bolivians in this territory and, taking it as a resource, aims to understand its appropriation by the migrants
Mestrado
Mestre em Demografia
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Montenegro, Elena Carmen Raquel. "On the road towards empowerment : Ayllu-community values and practices in an urban setting, the case of the community of urban Aymaras of Pampajasi, La Paz, Bolivia /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7778.
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Montenegro, Elena Carmen Raquel 1954. "On the Road Towards Empowerment: Ayllu-Community Values and Practices in an Urban Setting. The Case of the Community of Urban Aymaras of Pampajasi, La Paz, Bolivia." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7778.
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xviii, 307 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT F2230.2.A9 M66 2008Using historical and theoretical insights, this thesis explores how the urban grassroots organization Community of Urban Aymaras of Pampajasi (CAUP) has used elements of the rural ayllu-community to gain agency towards the empowerment of its members and explores the roles played by activism and strategic support. The research for this thesis took place in Pampajasi, a neighborhood of La Paz, between 2006 and 2007. It included participating observation, interviews and focus groups with the first and second generation migrants to La Paz that constitute most of the membership ofthe CAUP, as well as interviews with non-members. By better understanding how the elements of the ayllu-community are being used to gain empowerment, other grassroots organizations, researchers, activists, policy makers and development specialists may acquire insights into how traditional culture can be used to construct alternative forms of organization in post-colonial societies.
Adviser: Carlos Aguirre
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Diaz, Cuentas Susana Tania. "Transferencia de valor de la economía campesina a la economía urbana: Estudio de caso: Comunidad de Llamacachi, Cantón Compi, Municipio de Achacachi, La Paz - Bolivia." Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Programa Cybertesis BOLIVIA, 2012. http://www.cybertesis.umsa.bo:8080/umsa/2012/diaz_cs/html/index-frames.html.
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La tesis aborda los procesos de transferencia de valor e intercambio desigual, en los actuales tiempos de cambio, realiza un análisis de la situación de la economía campesina y su interacción con la economía urbana, desde la perspectiva sociológica de la teoría del valor. La metodología empleada pasa por un análisis documental, y empírico cualitativo, toma como estudio de caso, la situación actual de la comunidad Llamacachi, para abordar el tema se realizo una descripción del sistema de producción, sus formas de vinculación con el mercado, y los procesos de intercambio desigual, se hizo una descripción de costos de producción de tres cultivos (papa, cebolla y haba). La consideración del conjunto de estos aspectos llevó a determinar cuáles son los mecanismos de transferencia de valor
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Walnycki, Anna Maria. "Rights on the edge : the right to water and the peri-urban drinking water committees of Cochabamba." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47224/.
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This thesis examines how constitutional reforms relating to the right to water in Bolivia have affected water provision in peri-urban Cochabamba. This multi-sited ethnography explores how the right to water has framed reforms to the Bolivian water sector, how and why the right to water has been contested in Bolivia, the impact of reforms to the water sector on peri-urban water committees and emerging challenges and opportunities for sustainable water provision in peri-urban Bolivia. It demonstrates that despite the high profile role played by Bolivia in advancing the right to water at the international and national level, in practice the right to water continues to be a fairly nebulous concept. There is a disconnect between Bolivia's international stance on the human right to water and national reforms around the right to water. This thesis contends that the right to water is a banner under which the water sector has been reformed since the election of Evo Morales in 2006. Even though the constitution states that everyone has the right to water, in practice water often continues to be provided through community providers such as drinking water committees (DWCs), largely due to the failure of municipal water provision. Reforms and policy have focussed on (re)nationalising the sector and establishing new institutions to regulate and develop diverse water providers such as peri-urban DWCs. Through detailed ethnographic examination of peri-urban Cochabamba, the thesis demonstrates that activists and community-water providers in rural and peri-urban areas have contested reforms linked to the right to water. They have contended that reforms have the potential to undermine community water systems, and furthermore, that the state has failed to guarantee basic human rights and service provision. To date, the state and non-state initiatives to enhance the sustainability of DWCs have focussed on certain elements of sustainability, specifically protecting the aquifer and enhancing institutional sustainability of DWCs. By drawing on the experience and development of one DWC, this thesis also explores further elements that present challenges and opportunities to enhance sustainable water provision in peri-urban areas, namely building equitable access, and the reconciling of local power relations.
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Sou, Gemma. "The relationship between risk perceptions and responses in disaster-prone cities of the Global South." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-relationship-between-risk-perceptions-and-responses-in-disasterprone-cities-of-the-global-south(cdf3aeb4-f450-478b-a0a3-462ca9e3d590).html.
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This research takes a social constructivist approach to investigate the relationship between people’s perceptions of disaster risk and their responses in disaster-prone cities of the Global South. This is important because the effects of risk perceptions on the ways that people respond to disaster risk remains unclear and has been labelled ‘weak’ within the disaster studies literature. Furthermore, this lack of clarity has contributed to the marginalisation of people at risk from contributing to interventions that address disaster risk, which this research finds problematic. Therefore, a better understanding of how people perceive their risk and how this shapes their responses would help inform more effective and multi-scalar interventions to address disaster risk. The research takes place in three adjacent neighbourhoods of Cochabamba city, Bolivia. Within this ‘case site’, the house is used as a methodological tool to investigate how people’s risk perceptions shape their responses to disaster risk. In particular, the research explores how risk perceptions influence the way people design and construct self-build houses in order to reduce their risk of a disaster. The focus on housing construction represents a novel way of exploring the relationship between risk perceptions and disaster risk-reduction behaviour. The research takes place in the context of persistent, low-intensity natural hazards that are linked to disaster risk which incrementally increases over time. This marks a shift away from the many studies that investigate rapid-onset, extreme hazards that quickly overwhelm people’s capabilities and which are associated with crisis and urgency. Additionally, the research is concerned with small-scale disasters, which again marks a shift away from the disaster studies literature which principally focuses on large-scale disasters that result in many casualties, large economic loss and which affect a large geographical area. The research ultimately shows that whether a risk perception is high or low is not the most important factor; rather, it is an individual’s awareness and understanding of disaster risk that encourages long-term and anticipatory strategies that require significant investments in the house. Furthermore, the research argues that research which describes the relationship between risk perceptions and responses as ‘weak’ forecloses the nuances and complexity of human behaviour in disaster-prone contexts because it does not capture the subtle yet important ways that risk perceptions shape responses.
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West, Madeline. "Community Water and Sanitation Alternatives in Peri-Urban Cochabamba: Progressive Politics or Neoliberal Utopia?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31600.
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This thesis is about the tensions faced by communitarian water service providers in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia, in their continued dependence on private water vending businesses, despite efforts to socialize service delivery. Based on fieldwork conducted in Cochabamba from May-July, 2013, this thesis argues that due in part to a lack of government intervention and regulation, many communitarian water associations in Cochabamba are being held captive by private water vendors who exploit the city’s unequal distribution of water resources for profit. It makes this argument by exploring two main points: that communitarian water associations leverage progressive forms of organization to improve service delivery, but are hindered by barriers which lie outside their control; and that small-scale water businesses are able to exploit the failures of the formal state/public and informal communitarian systems by positioning themselves as a necessary operation, in a way which limits the state’s ability to regulate their activities.
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Le, Gall Julie. "Buenos Aires maraîchère : une Buenos Aires bolivienne ? : le complexe maraîcher de la région métropolitaine à l'épreuve de nouveaux acteurs." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00682541.
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A travers le cas de Buenos Aires, cette thèse s'intéresse à la conservation d'espaces de proximité pour nourrir les métropoles : malgré de fortes pressions métropolitaines, la capitale argentine a maintenu ses espaces de production et de commercialisation pour approvisionner ses treize millions d'habitants en légumes frais. Dans une démarche au carrefour des géographies sociale et culturelle, de l'étude des relations villes-campagnes, des circulations et des réseaux, la recherche s'attache aux conditions et modalités de ce maintien et interroge le rôle de nouveaux acteurs dans ces processus : les migrants boliviens, qui ont succédé ces trente dernières années aux Italiens, Portugais et Japonais. Dans un contexte de transformations métropolitaines importantes, les espaces et réseaux maraîchers non seulement se maintiennent, mais se consolident et se renouvellent du fait des stratégies des Boliviens. Les constructions territoriales de ces nouveaux protagonistes attestent leur installation prolongée en Argentine, mais sans l'établissement d'un dialogue avec les autres acteurs de l'activité maraîchère et les acteurs institutionnels de la métropole, les dynamiques actuelles ne suffiront ni sur le plan quantitatif, ni sur le plan qualitatif, au maintien à long terme des espaces de proximité. Pour approvisionner ses habitants, la métropole argentine ne peut se passer de la mise en place de nouvelles politiques périurbaines ni d'un plan de développement commercial. Les Boliviens, aujourd'hui garants de l'approvisionnement en légumes de Buenos Aires, pourraient ainsi jouer, à l'avenir, un rôle déterminant dans les politiques d'aménagement régional.
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Aguiar, Marcia Ernani de. "Tecnologias e cuidado em saúde: a Estratégia Saúde da Família(ESF) e o caso do imigrante boliviano e coreano no bairro do Bom Retiro - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5137/tde-03102013-103833/.
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O Programa Saúde da Família, proposto em 1994 pelo Ministério da Saúde, definiu-se como uma estratégia de reorganização da Atenção Primária à Saúde no Brasil. Gradualmente, ele foi sendo implantado também em grandes centros urbanos, até que, em 2001, ocorreu a municipalização da saúde na cidade de São Paulo, com a implantação desse modelo no bairro do Bom Retiro, região central da capital paulista. Esse bairro constitui uma paisagem única, marcado, desde sua origem, no final do século XIX, pela presença de diversas etnias, constituindo um microcosmo social, tendo recebido, ao longo de sua história, grandes contingentes de imigrantes com características culturais bastante particulares. Atualmente, entre a população que o frequenta e habita, os coreanos e os bolivianos passaram a constituir os dois grupos de imigrantes com presença marcante no bairro, ambos inseridos na base material da indústria de confecção, uma vez que a produção têxtil é um dos eixos econômicos estruturantes do Bom Retiro. A inserção de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família nesse bairro provocou a reflexão sobre as potencialidades e as dificuldades do Programa Saúde da Família em grandes centros urbanos; trouxe para discussão questões relativas à presença desses imigrantes; e exigiu análises diversas, em torno da interação entre profissionais dos serviços de saúde e seus usuários. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a interação entre o Programa Saúde da Família e os imigrantes coreanos e bolivianos localizados no bairro do Bom Retiro na cidade de São Paulo, redundando em uma experiência particular. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de referencial qualitativo, que utilizou a técnica de entrevistas semiestruturadas com três coreanos, três bolivianos e seis trabalhadores da saúde da Unidade de Saúde da Família do Bom Retiro. Para a análise das entrevistas, utilizou-se a técnica de análise temática de conteúdo, considerando as conjunturas, as razões e as lógicas, bem como as ações e as inter-relações estabelecidas com o coletivo e as instituições. Os resultados exibem as particularidades da inserção desses dois grupos de imigrantes no bairro do Bom Retiro e flagram, particularmente, dimensões do mundo do trabalho e de moradia e grande mobilidade espacial imigratória, exigindo a flexibilização da lógica cartográfica do Programa Saúde da Família, com a ampliação do conceito de família, e as diversas estratégias comunicativas de que a equipe de Saúde da Família lançou mão para implementar a comunicação com os imigrantes coreanos e bolivianosThe Family Health Program, proposed in 1994 by the Ministry of Health, was defined as a strategy for reorganizing Primary Health Care in Brazil. It was gradually implemented in major urban areas. In 2001, health care services in the city of São Paulo were municipalized, with the implementation of this model in Bom Retiro, in the downtown area of the city of São Paulo. Such neighborhood has a unique landscape, marked since its beginnings, at the end of the 19th century, by the presence of several ethnic groups. It is a social microcosm, which received large groups of immigrants throughout its history, bringing their own unique cultural characteristics to the area. Nowadays, Koreans and Bolivians have become the two most significant immigrant groups among the population living and working in the area. Both groups are integrated into the material base of clothing industry, since textile manufacture is one of the economic structural axes of Bom Retiro. The establishment of a Family Health Unit in Bom Retiro, besides evoking a reflection on the potential and difficulties for the Family Health Program in large urban areas, also brings issues related to the presence of these immigrants to the discussion, requiring various analyses on the theme of interaction between health care professionals and users. Thus, the purpose of this work is to analyze the interaction between the Family Health Program and Korean and Bolivian immigrants located in the neighborhood of Bom Retiro, in the city of São Paulo, which results in a unique experience. This is a qualitative research, which used the technique of semi-structured interviews with three Koreans, three Bolivians and six health care workers from the Bom Retiro Family Health Unit. With regard to the analysis of the interviews, the technique of thematic content analysis was used, considering the conjunctures, reasons and logic, as well as actions and interrelations established between the collective and the institutions. The results show the particularities of the insertion of these two immigrant groups in Bom Retiro, and highlight in particular the dimensions of the world of work, housing and the large spatial mobility of immigrants, requiring Family Health Program\'s map-based logic to become more flexible, with the enlargement of the concept of family and several communication strategies used by the Family Health team to establish communication with the Korean and Bolivian immigrants
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Valencia, Marcelo. "Discursos sobre la lengua y la movilidad en La Paz, Bolivia." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19086.
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Carballo, Daniela, and 卡芭莠. "Globalization, New Urban Governance and Participatory Planning in the Informal Settlements: True Neighborhoods Program, La Paz, Bolivia." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94194661252917330891.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
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Urban expansion in developing countries was characterized by the massive production of informal settlements. Several measures have been taken by local governments and foreign entities to upgrade living conditions in low-income neighborhoods. Citizen participation and partnerships with community based associations (CBOs) appear as the key components for neighborhood improvement programs. This research argues that globalization on the one hand, is the major cause for urban inequality especially in Latin American countries, since its economic reforms did not considered evenhanded growth and deducted importance from housing development policies. On the other hand, globalization is considered the context for decentralization, devolution, privatization policies and new governance. New urban governance encourages participation active citizen participation in the elaboration of urban policies. Popular Participation in Bolivia brought in the scenery for municipal participatory planning, process that involves participation of neighborhood associations in the elaboration of municipal development plans. This research analyses the outcomes and obstacles of participatory planning in two levels. At municipal level, it analyzes political management of local governments. And, at community level, it studies a large-scale program of neighborhood improvement in La Paz, known as “True Neighborhoods Program” (Programa Barrios de Verdad). The program is a top-down initiative, launched by the local government of La Paz and financed by two international agencies, the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. This program aims to promote active citizen participation and regularize land tenure in one hundred informal settlements. Two neighborhoods (Marcelo Quiroga Santa Cruz and Alto Santiago Munaypata) were studied to illustrate citizen participation along the program. Both neighborhoods experienced different outcomes and obstacles. Differences are analyzed in the last chapter under three headings: community participation, political conflicts and leadership, and relationship between community and program’s staff.
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Pinto-Aguirre, Guido. "Breastfeeding and post-partum amenorrhea in urban Bolivian woman a hazard model approach /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/22966960.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1990.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-83).
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Llanque, Zonta Victor Eduardo. "Does Mass Transit Counter the Educational Effects of Residential Segregation in the Metropolitan Area of La Paz-El Alto, Bolivia?" Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GH9W7V.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation explored the links between residential segregation, transportation policy, and education equity in the metropolitan area of La Paz-El Alto, Bolivia. Using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the study assessed whether mass transit projects counter the educational effects of residential segregation. The specific goals of the study were to: (a) measure the level of segregation that students experience in neighborhoods and schools; (b) assess disparities in school accessibility among students of different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds; and (c) to measure the effects of mass transit availability on school segregation. The results showed that students in the metropolitan area of La Paz-El Alto are highly segregated by ethnic and socioeconomic background. Moreover, neighborhoods with a higher proportion of either Indigenous or low-income students have lower levels of school accessibility. School accessibility is hindered by the limited supply of schooling and by an inefficient, unsafe, and limited public transportation system. The introduction of high-quality mass transit had a small yet statistically significant effect on school segregation. Students in the lowest third of the wealth distribution are more likely than their wealthier counterparts to change schools when mass transit becomes available. Mass transit projects have thus been a welcome addition to families’ transportation options, which highlights the significance of pairing education and transportation policies to promote greater equality of educational opportunity.
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Roberts, John D. "Bolivia's Coca Headache: The Agroyungas Program, Inflation, Campesinos, Coca and Capitalism In Bolivia." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/501.
Full textAbstract:
Bolivia in the 1980s was wracked by monetary inflation approaching levels of the German Weimar Republic. Immediately following this time of great financial crisis in Bolivia, the U.N. founded a project through the U.N.D.P. to encourage peasant farmers in Bolivia to switch from growing coca (the plant used manufacture cocaine) to growing other cash crops for market. This crop substitution and development program, called the Agroyungas Project, lasted from 1985 to 1991 and is the focus of this study. While many U.N. pundits and journalists considered the program’s initial small successes promising, it has been considered since its conclusion to be a failure. The program was poorly conceived, poorly funded and poorly executed from the start. So one question remains: why was the Agroyungas Project a failure? Additionally, was the project simply a way to steer Bolivians away from the illicit coca/cocaine economy? While on the surface this might appear to be the case, one must probe the complex situations in Bolivia deeply to uncover the true missteps behind this U.N. program. By looking at the evidence, it is apparent that crop substitution programs like the Agroyungas Project failed for a variety of reasons. Besides poor planning and execution of project plans, the project’s developers, planners and workers simply did not understand Bolivian indigenous culture and Bolivian history. However, the project was not doomed to fail. The lack of knowledge and understanding of indigenous Bolivian realities, Bolivian geography and Bolivian history directly led to the failures of the Agroyungas Project.