Academic literature on the topic 'Bolted joint stiffness'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bolted joint stiffness"
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Wang, Xi Wang, Xiao Yang Li, Lin Lin Zhang, and Xiao Guang Wang. "A New Approach for Determining Joint Stiffness of Bolted Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1041.
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Joint member stiffness in a bolted connection directly influence the safety of a design in regard to both static and fatigue loading as well as in the prevention of separation in the connection. Thus, the accurate determination of the stiffness is of extreme importance to predict the behavior of bolted assemblies. In this paper, An analytical 3D axisymmetric model of bolted joints is proposed to obtain the joint stiffness of Bolted Joints. Considering many different analytical models have been proposed to calculate the joint stiffness, the expression based force equilibrium can be a easy way to choose the best expression for the joint stiffness as a judgment criteria.
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Qin, ZY, QK Han, and FL Chu. "Analytical model of bolted disk–drum joints and its application to dynamic analysis of jointed rotor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 4 (May 9, 2013): 646–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213489084.
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Bolted joints are widely used in aero-engines. One of the common applications is to connect the rotor disks and drums. An analytical model for the bending stiffness of the bolted disk–drum joints is developed. The joint stiffness calculated using the analytical model shows sound agreement with the calculation obtained based on finite element analyses. The joint stiffness model is then implemented into the dynamic model of a simple rotor connected through the bolted disk–drum joint. Finally, the whirling characteristics and steady-state response of the jointed rotor are investigated to evaluate the influence of the joint on the rotor dynamics, where the harmonic balance method is employed to calculate the steady-state response to unbalance force. The simulation results show that the joint influence on the whirling characteristics of the rotor system can be neglected; whereas, the presence of the bolted disk–drum joint may lead to a decrease in the rotor critical speeds due to the softening of the joint stiffness. The proposed analytical model for the bolted disk–drum joints can be adopted conveniently for different types of rotor systems connected by bolted disk–drum joints.
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Lehnhoff, T. F., Kwang Il Ko, and M. L. McKay. "Member Stiffness and Contact Pressure Distribution of Bolted Joints." Journal of Mechanical Design 116, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919413.
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Member stiffnesses and the stress distributions in the bolts and members of bolted joints have been calculated for various bolt sizes, as well as thicknesses and materials of the members. The finite element method has been used to calculate the displacement and the stress distributions in the components of the bolted joint. Using axisymmetric elements, the bolted joint could be analyzed as a two-dimensional problem. Member stiffness ratios were calculated from the finite element results and compared with those calculated by a commonly used theory. The values were approximately comparable (16–30 percent difference) for the assumptions under which the theory was applied. Formulas and dimensionless curves which can be used to estimate the member stiffness ratios for several kinds of bolted joints are presented.
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Grosse, I. R., and L. D. Mitchell. "Nonlinear Axial Stiffness Characteristics of Axisymmetric Bolted Joints." Journal of Mechanical Design 112, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912628.
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A critical assessment of the current design theory for bolted joints which is based on a linear, one-dimensional stiffness analysis is presented. A detailed nonlinear finite element analysis of a bolted joint conforming to ANSI standards was performed. The finite element results revealed that the joint stiffness is highly dependent on the magnitude of the applied load. The joint stiffness changes continuously from extremely high for small applied loads to the bolt stiffness during large applied loads, contrary to the constant joint stiffness of the linear theory. The linear theory is shown to be inadequate in characterizing the joint stiffness. The significance of the results in terms of the failure of bolted joints is discussed. A number of sensitivity studies were carried out to assess the effect of various parameters on the axial joint stiffness. The results revealed that bending and rotation of the joint members, interfacial friction, and the bolt/nut threading significantly influence the axial stiffness characteristics of the bolted joint. The two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite element model includes bilinear gap elements to model the interfaces. Special orthotropic elements were used to model the bolt/nut thread interaction. A free-body-diagram approach was taken by applying loads to the outer diameter of the joint model which correspond to internal, uniformly distributed line-shear and line-moment loads in the joint. A number of convergence studies were performed to validate the solution.
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Zhao, Yongsheng, Hongchao Wu, Congbin Yang, Zhifeng Liu, and Qiang Cheng. "Interval estimation for contact stiffness of bolted joint with uncertain parameters." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 11 (November 2019): 168781401988370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019883708.
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Bolted joints are elements used to create resistant assemblies in the mechanical system, whose overall performance is greatly affected by joints’ contact stiffness. Most of the researches on contact stiffness are based on certainty theory whereas in real applications the uncertainty characterizes the parameters such as fractal dimension D and fractal roughness parameter G. This article presents an interval estimation theory to obtain the stiffness of bolted joints affected by uncertain parameters. Topography of the contact surface is fractal featured and determined by fractal parameters. Joint stiffness model is built based on the fractal geometry theory and contact mechanics. Topography of the contact surface of bolted joints is measured to obtain the interval of uncertain fractal parameters. Equations with interval parameters are solved to acquire the interval of contact stiffness using the Chebyshev interval method. The relationship between the interval of contact stiffness and the uncertain parameters, that is, fractal dimension D, fractal roughness parameter G, and normal pressure, can be obtained. The presented model can be used to estimate the interval of stiffness for bolted joints in the mechanical systems. The results can provide theoretical reference for the reliability design of bolted joints.
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Lu, Shi-kun, Deng-xin Hua, Yan Li, Fang-yuan Cui, and Peng-yang Li. "Stiffness Calculation Method and Stiffness Characteristic Analysis of Bolted Connectors." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (August 28, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6206092.
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At present, few scholars have studied the effect of surface roughness on assembly stiffness. The influence of the joint surface stiffness on the overall stiffness is neglected. In this paper, a new method for calculating the stiffness of bolted joints is presented. The effect of joint surface stiffness on the overall stiffness is considered. Firstly, the relationship between load and displacement between cylinder and cylinder (including the joint surface with certain roughness) is studied, and the stiffness characteristic expression of the joint surface is obtained; the results are compared with the traditional stiffness calculation theory, and then, the influence of bolt connection surface on bolt connection is studied and compared with the stiffness calculation results of traditional bolt connection. The results show that the theoretical model presented in this paper is more practical.
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Cabaleiro, Manuel, Carlos Moutinho, Cristina González-Gaya, Elsa Caetano, and Victor Fco Rosales-Prieto. "Analysis of Stiffness of Clamped Joints versus Bolted Joints in Steel Structures by Means of Accelerometers and Shaking Table Tests." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 4778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144778.
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This work analyzes the difference in stiffness in a steel laboratory structure using clamped joints or bolted joints and analyzes if the stiffness varies in the same way when the frame is subjected to external dynamic loads that bring the joint materials to their yield strength. To make this comparison, the differences between clamp joint and bolted joint were evaluated using a novel methodology based on the analysis of the structure’s natural frequencies from accelerometers. To perform this comparison, several laboratory tests were carried out on a frame made by clamped joints and the same frame made by bolted joints, using a set of tests on a medium-scale shake table for this purpose. The results achieved have verified the methodology used as adequate.
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Guo, Tie Neng, Bin Song, Dong Liang Guo, and Zhong Qing Chen. "Dynamic Stiffness Identification of Bolted Joints." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1582.
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The joint has a significant effect on the dynamic characteristic of the mechanism, and the identification of the stiffness of the joints has become a key problem. In this paper, a method is presented for identifying the dynamic characteristic of joints. An experiment is designed to test the dynamic parameter of the bolted joints specimen; the identification method, based on experiment, has a high accuracy result. By taking a specimen to experiment and identify the dynamic characteristic of joints, the relationship between the preload on the bolts and the joints stiffness is acquired. In order to validate the accuracy of the result, the FEM software is used to simulate. There are only a small discrepancy between the results of identification and simulation.
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Zhai, Xue, Cheng-Wei Fei, Jian-Jun Wang, and Xing-Yu Yao. "Parametric modeling and updating for bolted joints of aeroengine casings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 16 (August 9, 2016): 2940–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215607900.
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To establish accurate finite element (FE) model of bolted joint structures of aeroengine stator system (casings), this work implements the parametric FE modeling and updating of bolted joints of aeroengine stator system with multi-characteristic responses (multi-object). Firstly, the parametric FE modeling approach of bolted joint structure was developed based on the thin layer element method. And then the FE model updating thought of aeroengine stator system was developed based on the probabilistic analysis method. Finally, the parametric modeling and updating of the bolted joints of aeroengine stator system with multi-characteristic responses was completed by the optimization iteration calculation of objective function based on the proposed methods and the static stiffness testing data. Through the parametric modeling of bolted joint structures based on the thin layer method, the complexity of FE model of aeroengine casings with many bolted joint structures is reduced. As shown in the FE model updating of casings with multi-characteristic responses analysis, the static stiffness from the updated model are very close to the test data, in which the maximum relative error decreases to 3.9% from 30.52% and the others are less than 3%, so that the design precision of aeroengine stator system with the many and wide variety of bolted joints gets a great improvement. Moreover, the proposed methods of parametric modeling and model updating for multi-characteristic responses are validated to be effective in the simulation and equivalent of the mechanical characteristics of bolted joints in complex systems like aeroengine stator system.
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Zhang, Ouqi, and Jason A. Poirier. "New Analytical Model of Bolted Joints." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1760777.
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The conventional theory of bolted joints adopts equivalent cylinders, cones or spheres for compression members. In this model, the member deformation is determined by the member stiffness that remains unchanged whether the external load is present. In fact, the external load causes an additional member deformation that is not determined by the member stiffness measured at pre-load. The external load also causes a member rotation, which not only reduces the member stiffness, but also delays the separation of the joint. Based on these observations, a new model of bolted joints is developed. Finite element analyses is performed to verify the proposed model.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bolted joint stiffness"
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Dunn, Jonathan Mark. "Determining the stiffness characteristics of a preloaded bolted joint using finite element analysis." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320326.
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Söderberg, Johan. "A finite element method for calculating load distributions in bolted joint assemblies." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-81739.
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Bolted joints are often the most critical parts with respect to fatigue life of structures. Therefore, it is important to analyze these components and the forces they are subjected to. A one-dimensional nite element model of a bolted joint is created and implemented as a program module in the Saab software `DIM', together with a complete graphical user interface allowing the user to generate the structure freely, and to apply both mechanical and thermal loads. Available methods for calculating fastener exibility are reviewed. The ones derived by Grumman, Huth and Barrois are implemented in the module, and can thus be used when dening a geometry representing a bolted joint assembly. Investigations have shown that it cannot be said that either method is generally better than the other. Calculated properties of interest include the fastener forces, plate bearing and bypass loads, and - for simpler geometries without thermal loads - the load distribution between rows of fasteners. The program is fully functional and yields numerically accurate results for the most commonly used joints where fasteners connect two or three plates each. It has limited functionality on geometries with fasteners connecting four or more plates and for a certain loading combination also for three plates, due to the tilting of the fasteners not being accounted for in the model for these cases. Also, there is no explicit method available for nding an accurate value for the fastener exibility for these, less common, joint structures.
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Choudhury, Marcel. "Member stiffness of bolted joints." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17882.
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Cikánek, Ondřej. "Studie styčníků rámových ocelových konstrukcí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265499.
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Master's thesis „Study of joints of frame steel structures“ examine certain analysis types of frame steal joints, which are analysed both by component method and by specialized software IDEA RS. Obtained results are compared by both methods, in terms of load-bearing capacity and in terms of stiffness. Theoretical joints stiffness calculation according to standard ČSN EN 1993-1-8 is included in the introductory part of the thesis. In the second part, joints are designed to bear inner forces and moments, which were created by load combination effects and then analysed.
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Grosse, Ian R. "Nonlinear axial stiffness characteristics of axisymmetric bolted joints." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82622.
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A critical assessment of the current design theory for bolted joints which is based on a linear, one-dimensional stiffness analysis is presented. A detailed nonlinear finite element analysis of a bolted joint conforming to ANSI standards was performed. The finite element results arc presented in the classical bolted joint diagram and compared with the linear theory. The results revealed that the joint stiffness is highly dependent on the magnitude of the applied load. The joint stiffness changes continuously from extremely high for small applied loads to extremely low for large applied loads, contrary to the constant joint stiffness of the linear theory. The linear theory is shown to be extremely inadequate in characterizing the joint stiffness. The significance of the results in terms of the failure of bolted joints is discussed. Straight-forward analytical procedures are proposed for establishing estimates of the nonlinear stiffness description and the associate bolt loading in fatigue environments. The linear theory should be discarded and the more accurate nonlinear joint description be used. These results also provide the finite element community an improved model for the interconnection of substructures.
The two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite element model includes bilinear gap elements to model the interfaces. Special orthotropic elements were used to model the bolt/nut thread interaction. A free-body-diagram approach was taken by applying loads to the outer diameter of the joint model which correspond to internal, uniformly distributed line-shear and line-moment loads in the joint. A number of convergence studies were performed to validate the solution.Ph. D.
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Thompson, Felipe de Freitas. "Estudo de resistência à fadiga de uniões parafusadas submetidas à carga axial cíclica em função do comprimento do parafuso." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3539.
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In this study, endurance tests were conducted in bolted joints to plot S-N
curves. The bolts tested were the M8, class 8.8 of three different lengths, 45, 60
and 80 mm. A device was machined to support cyclic axial load to carry on the
endurance tests. Tensile tests were conducted on the bolts in order to establish
its mechanical properties. For the performance of the endurance tests, it was
applied a preloading equal to 90% of the yield strength. Hence, the stiffness
was calculated according to different existing theories. Also, it was calculated
the alternate stress and stress amplitude on the bolt. The obtained endurance
limits results, as well as the calculated stiffness, alternate stress and stress
amplitude were compared with results achieved in similar studies. Moreover, it
were developed axysimmetric computational models of the 45 and 80 mm
bolted joints, with the aim of verifying the stress level carried by the bolt when it
is submitted to the pre load. The results showed a maximum stress 10% higher
on the 45 mm bolted joint.Neste estudo foram realizados ensaios de resistência à fadiga em parafusos M8, classe 8.8 de três diferentes comprimentos, 45, 60 e 80 mm. Foi fabricado um dispositivo para aplicação do carregamento axial cíclico para realização dos ensaios de fadiga. Foram realizados ensaios de tração nos parafusos a fim de se estabelecer suas propriedades mecânicas. Para a realização dos ensaios de fadiga, foi aplicada uma pré carga de aperto nos parafusos equivalente à 90% da tensão de escoamento. Foi feito o cálculo da rigidez do parafuso e dos membros da junta parafusada levando em consideração diversas teorias existentes. Também foi realizado o cálculo da tensão alternada e da amplitude de tensão atuantes no parafuso. Os limites de resistência à fadiga obtidos, bem como as rigidezes e tensões calculadas, foram comparados com trabalhos correlatos. Foram desenvolvidos modelos computacionais axisimetricos das juntas parafusadas de 45 e 80 mm para verificar o nível de tensão atuante quando estas são submetidas à pré carga. Obteve-se uma tensão máxima 10% maior no parafuso de 45 mm.
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Swanson, James A. "Characterization of the strength, stiffness, and ductility behavior of T-stub connections." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24166.
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Silva, Marcio Erick Gomes da. "Efeito do comprimento do parafuso e da rigidez da união no limite de fadiga de uniões parafusadas." Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3488.
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The design of a bolted joint shall consider several factors such as material and heat treatment of the bolt (defined by the class of the bolt), stiffness of the parts being assembled (stiffness of the union), dimensions of the bolt, among others. In our study we used bolts M6x1, class 8.8, with three different lengths: 40 mm, 60 mm and 80 mm.
The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between the length of the bolt and the fatigue limit of the bolted joints, subjected to fluctuating cyclic loading of tension. The results indicated that the greater the length of the bolt, the larger the fatigue limit. An analytical study was also evaluated on the relationship between the cyclic stress amplitude and the mean stress experienced by the bolts with 40 mm of length. The results were compared with the bolt fatigue diagram of the BURGUETE and PATTERSON (1995). Correction factors were proposed for the relationship between cyclic stress amplitude. The adapted model from LEHNHOFF and WISTEHUFF (1996) for M6 bolts was the one whose results were the closest to estimated.O projeto de uma união parafusada deve considerar diversos fatores tais como material e tratamento térmico do parafuso (definidos pela classe do parafuso), rigidez das peças que estão sendo montadas (rigidez da união), dimensões do parafuso, entre outros. Em nosso estudo utilizamos parafusos M6x1, classe 8.8, com três comprimentos distintos: 40 mm, 60 mm e 80 mm. A proposta deste estudo é verificar a relação do comprimento do parafuso com o limite de fadiga de uniões parafusadas submetidas a carregamentos cíclicos de tração. Os resultados indicaram que quanto maior o comprimento do parafuso, maior é o limite de fadiga. Foi realizado ainda um estudo analítico da relação entre a amplitude de tensão e a tensão média suportada pelos parafusos de 40 mm de comprimento. Os resultados foram comparados com o diagrama de BURGUETE e PATTERSON (1995). Foram propostos coeficientes de correção para a relação entre as amplitudes de tensão. O modelo de rigidez adaptado de LEHNHOFF e WISTEHUFF (1996) para parafusos M6 foi o que apresentou resultado mais próximo aos estimados.
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Cavène, Edouard. "Comportement des assemblages mixtes bois-métal avec trous oblongs." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC087.
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De nos jours, la construction mixte est en plein essor pour des raisons architecturales et environnementales. Dans ce contexte, les structures mixtes bois-métal sont de plus en plus utilisées car elles permettent d'allier légèreté et élancement des structures. Cependant, l'alliance d'un matériau sensible à l'environnement -le bois, et d'un autre peu déformable - le métal, pose des problèmes de fissuration dans les assemblages. En effet, un nombre important d'assembleurs entraine des blocages limitant la libre déformation du bois par retrait/gonflement. Pour limiter l'impact de ces blocages, l'emploi de trous oblongs dans les platines métalliques des assemblages bois-métal est une solution qui est envisagée dans ces travaux. Face au manque de documentation sur les couvre-joints avec trou oblong, un ensemble d'analyses reposant sur des études expérimentales a été mené en utilisant la corrélation d'images numériques. Une première partie de l'étude a permis de mieux comprendre le comportement des assemblages en étudiant les déformations à la surface des éprouvettes. Cette analyse a montré que deux modes de ruines sont possibles dans la pince longitudinale : un par flexion et l’autre par pression diamétrale. Par la suite, un modèle analytique permettant de prédire la raideur initiale des trous oblongs sur la base d'un modèle numérique et d’essais en laboratoire a été proposé. Enfin, la dernière partie de la thèse est consacrée à évaluer l'impact de la présence des trous oblongs dans des assemblages bois-métal soumis à un moment fléchissant sur la base d'une campagne expérimentale. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que l'emploi des trous oblongs ne perturbe pas le comportement des assemblages bois-métal boulonnés soumis à un moment fléchissant et permet, dans certaines conditions, d'augmenter leur résistanceNowadays, hybrid structures are common because of architectural and environmental reasons. In that context, timber steel structures are very relevant because they combine lightness with large slenderness. However, combining both timber that presents a hydroscopic behavior and steel material that is not, raises a problem of cracking in connection zone. Indeed, the large number of connectors in this part of the structure prevents timber from swelling and shrinkage deformations and then creates cracks. In order to limit the effect of the connection on the cracking of the timber, the present work proposes to release degrees of freedom using slotted holes in steel plates in bolted timber-steel connections. Due to the lack of studies on bolted cover plate with slotted holes, a large part of this work proposes to analyze the behavior of such connections based an experimental study using full field measurement technique. The first part of the present work allows to better understanding the behavior of bolted cover plate with slotted holes using load-displacement curves, failure modes and strain analyses obtained with Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. This analysis highlights the presence of two types of behaviors. The first one is mostly due to the bending of the end distance area whereas the second is due to bearing. Thereafter, an analytical model predicting the initial stiffness of such connections is proposed. This model is based on numerical and experimental results obtained by DIC. In the last part of the study, an experimental campaign is dedicated to the evaluation of the effect of the presence of slotted holes in steel plate of bolted timber-steel connection under bending moment. The result of the study shows that using slotted holes has no negative impact on the short-time behavior of bolted timber steel connections and, in certain circumstance, an increase of the resistance is observed
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hu, Hsing-yi, and 胡興億. "Identification of Stiffness and Damping of Bolted Joints." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09330910514651325923.
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碩士國立中興大學
機械工程學系
88
The correct modeling of the stiffness and the damping of bolted joints affects the accuracy of finite element analysis. As a result, a lot of researches have been done. Traditionally spring elements and dampers are inserted into the interface of the bolted surfaces to respresent the stiffness and the damping of the joint. The correct values of the stiffness and the damping are obtained by tuning the values to match experimental result. This paper tried to use interface element to replace the spring elements to model the stiffness of the joint. The young’s moduli of the interface elements are adjusted to correlate the analysis and expenimental results. The optimization theory is used to minimize the differences of experimental and analytical frequencies. The constraints are imposed to maintain the orthogonality condition of mode shapes. Anisotropic material is assumed for the interface elements. The tightening torque of the joint is varied to observe the effects on stiffness and damping of the joint.
Book chapters on the topic "Bolted joint stiffness"
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Ranjan, Prabhat, and Ashok Kumar Pandey. "Iwan Model for Bolted Joint with Residual Macroslip Stiffness and Pinning." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 311–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0550-5_29.
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Gresnigt, A. M., and C. M. Steenhuis. "Stiffness of Lap Joints with Preloaded Bolts." In The Paramount Role of Joints into the Reliable Response of Structures, 435–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0950-8_38.
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Jiang, Guoqing, Jiawen Li, and Guojin Tang. "A modeling method of the bolted joint structure and analysis of its stiffness characteristics." In Machinery, Materials Science and Engineering Applications, 229–36. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375120-39.
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"Computing the Stiffness of a Fastener." In Handbook of Bolts and Bolted Joints, 193–95. CRC Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482273786-46.
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"Stiffness and Strain Considerations." In Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints, 130–53. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849381874-13.
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"Stiffness and Strain Considerations." In Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints, Fourth Edition. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780849381874.ch5.
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Melhem, George Nadim. "Aerospace Fasteners: Use in Structural Applications." In Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351045636-140000240.
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Aircraft components need to be selected and manufactured to adequately combat the environment, temperature, loading, compatibility, and so on. When structural materials such as aluminum alloys or fiber-reinforced polymer composites need to be joined in aircraft, the selection of fasteners, bolts, rivets, adhesives, and other methods need to be quantitatively assessed in order that the correct design for the component and joining method is identified. There is a variety of fasteners, bolts, and rivets, made using a variety of materials. Aluminum rivets are often used to join aluminum components in an aircraft. Rivets do not perform well under tension loading, but perform better in shear, thus limiting the application specifically for these purposes. Bolts are designed to clamp material together, and even though the bolt may be adequate to support a particular structure and load requirement, consideration must also be given to the modulus of elasticity and stiffness of the components that are being clamped together. Therefore, an understanding of each of the materials being clamped or joined together is necessary. Bolts manufactured from steel, for instance, have coatings applied in order to help protect them from corrosion. The use of composites translates to a reduced number of rivets and fasteners to be used. Drilling of holes into composites to insert fasteners poses many challenges because the fibers are damaged, a region of high stress concentration may be formed, and the hole is a site for the ingress of water or moisture. The insertion of aluminum fasteners or the contact of aluminum components with carbon fibers creates galvanic corrosion due to the large difference in electrical potential. Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) is a typical fastener where there is composite joining due to its better compatibility (elimination of galvanic corrosion) and increased strength properties. Substitution of rivets and fasteners for welding is also on the increase in aircraft because laser beam welding (LBW) and friction stir welding both reduce cracking, porosity, and better properties achieved due to deeper penetration, and reduce the heat-affected zone which would typically be undesirable with conventional arc welding such as metal inert gas and tungsten inert gas welding. The shear and compressive stresses are increased, and fatigue cracking, weight, and cost are also reduced as a result of LBW, including the elimination of stresses and corrosion associated with rivets and the elimination of adhesives. Dissimilar metals such as the 7000 series and the 2000 series can be joined with a filler metal compatible to both metals to mitigate galvanic corrosion.
Conference papers on the topic "Bolted joint stiffness"
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Nassar, Sayed A., and Antoine Abboud. "New Formulation of Bolted Joint Stiffness." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61725.
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New formulation is proposed for a more accurate estimate of bolted joint stiffness. In this study, a novel approach is used to obtain an expression for an effective area to be used for determining the clamped parts stiffness. A more accurate estimate of the joint stiffness would naturally provide a more reliable prediction of the bolted assembly response to external loads. The effects of the grip length-to-diameter ratio, joint dimensions, and the contact radii ratio of the joint plates are investigated and analyzed. Experimental data and finite element (FEA) modeling are provided to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed formulation of joint stiffness.
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Allen, Christopher T., and Thomas L. Cost. "Computation of Bolted Joint Stiffness Using Strain Energy." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71430.
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The joint stiffness of preloaded, bolted connections were determined using strain energy calculations from finite element models. The strain energy method, proposed here, provides a new, more comprehensive method for interpreting results from finite element models than methods used previously. Previous works using finite element models have approximated joint stiffness values by computing the average deflections at the bolt-head-to-member interface and dividing this into the applied load in the bolt. Other works have enforced a uniform deflection at the bolt-head-to-member interface, effectively ignoring the coupled stiffness of the bolt head and abutment. Three-dimensional finite elements were used to model axisymmetric bolted joints. Bolt head geometry was modeled to account for the coupled bending stiffness at the bearing interface. The strain energy method was verified by comparison with previously published results. Results indicate that the strain energy method represents a simple and accurate method for calculating joint stiffness values.
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Lehnhoff, Terry F., Kwang-Il Ko, and Matthew L. McKay. "Member Stiffness and Contact Pressure Distribution of Bolted Joints." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0070.
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Abstract Member stiffnesses and the stress distributions in the bolts and members of bolted joints have been calculated for various bolt sizes, as well as thicknesses and materials of the members. The finite element method has been used to calculate the displacements and the stress distributions in the components of the bolted joint. Using axisymmetric elements, the bolted joint was analyzed as a two-dimensional problem. Member stiffness ratios were calculated from the finite element results and compared with those calculated by a commonly used theory. The differences in values were significant (16–30 percent difference) for the assumptions under which the theory was applied. Formulas and dimensionless curves which can be used to estimate the member stiffness ratios for several kinds of bolted joints are presented.
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Wang, Cun, Dayi Zhang, Xiaobin Zhu, and Jie Hong. "Study on the Stiffness Loss and the Dynamic Influence on Rotor System of the Bolted Flange Joint." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26191.
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The bolted flange joint is a kind of widely used joint structure in the rotor system. Its discontinuous mechanical characteristics result from the existing of the contact surface, which will slide and deform when the spool deforms. As a consequence, the joint’s stiffness is always smaller than that of fixed configuration, which affects rotor’s stiffness distribution and the rotor’s dynamics further. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical characteristics of the bolted flange joint, the affecting factors and the influence on rotor’s dynamics. According to the characteristics of structure and mechanical state, using the existing equivalent axial spring-bending beam model to describe the tension and compression stiffness of bolted flange joint section, then the bending stiffness model of whole bolted flange joint is established based on that. The results show that there is a significant effect of the bolted flange joint on the local stiffness of the rotor, the loss of local bending stiffness reach a high level when the number of bolts is few. The mathematical description between stiffness loss and structure size, load and assembling condition is obtained through the analytical results. A bolted flange joint simulation model, taking the characteristics of the contact into account, is built by the nonlinear finite element method. The trends of numerical results agree with the analytical conclusion, and show the stiffness of bolted flange joint is smaller than that of the fixed configuration. The stiffness of bolted flange joint decreases a small amount with the increasing moment. When the number and the pretension force increases, the stiffness increases nonlinearly. Based on the mechanism of stiffness loss, the equivalent stiffness is used to replace the fixed configuration stiffness on the location of bolts in finite element model of high pressure rotor system. The results of dynamic analysis shows that the stiffness loss has a greater impact on bending modes than the rigid modes while the static analysis shows that the stiffness loss has a small negatively effect on clearances. The study shows that, the stiffness loss of bolted flange joint has a close relationship with the load and assembling conditions. The results show the effectiveness in controlling the mechanical and dynamic properties of the rotor with bolted flange joints by careful adjusting of structural parameter, load parameter and assembling parameter during designing.
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Wang, H. Y., Z. Y. Qin, and F. L. Chu. "Effect of Bolt Number on Joint Stiffness of Disc and Drum Connected by Bolted Joints." In 2015 International Conference on Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/eame-15.2015.45.
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Aoki, Shigeru. "Dynamic Characteristics of Structure With Bolted Joint Considering Some Factors." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2946.
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Bolted joints are widely used for pressure vessels and piping system. Many studies on strength and stiffness of bolted joint are carried out. However, few studies on the dynamic characteristics of structure with bolted joint are carried out. The dynamic characteristics are important for design of structure subjected to earthquake excitations. In this paper, the effect of bolted joints on dynamic characteristics of structure is examined. First, the damping ratio and the natural frequency of specimens with some types of bolted joints are measured. Those are obtained for some factors, amplitude of excitation, applied torque. Obtained results are compared with those for the specimen without bolted joint. It is found that the damping ratio increases and the natural frequency becomes lower. Next, modeling of the bolted joint is presented. The bolted joint is modeled using additional mass, stiffness and damping elements. Finally, using model of bolted joint, response of the structure with bolted joint subjected to earthquake excitation is examined. Earthquake excitation is modeled as stationary random excitation. Mean square values of the response are obtained. Standard deviation of the acceleration response of the structure with bolted joint are lower than those without bolted joint.
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Mogullapally, Venkateshwarlu, Shine Jyoth, Sanju Kumar, Rashmi Rao, and Rajeevalochanam B. A. "An Understanding of Stress and Pretension Behavior of Aero Engine Rotor Bolted Joint." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59996.
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Abstract Bolted joints in gas turbines are used commonly to connect the parts of dissimilar materials to facilitate assembly, dis-assembly, and also to achieve modularity for advanced aero engines. In gas turbine engine, there are many rotating and stationary parts that are subjected to an extreme working environment. Bolted joints should have sufficient strength to support the mating parts such as safety critical fan/turbine discs, drums, and shaft assembly. Bolted joints are designed to avoid flange separation and slippage. This paper attempts to understand the challenges faced in designing a typical fan disc rotor plain flange type bolted assembly and structural integrity aspects under various thermo-mechanical operating loads. The understanding of stiffness of the bolt and joint members is necessary to evaluate the performance of the joint assembly. Based on literature, different approaches are used for estimating member stiffness to compare with finite element results. The effect of external loads such as thermo-mechanical loads on pretension behavior of bolted joint is studied with the help of standard commercial software platform ANSYS. Bolted joint preload loss has been assessed via the standard analytical method and validated with 3D finite element approach. This paper enables designer a quick understanding of rotor bolted joint behavior for finalization of gas turbine rotor layout, before going into complex and time consuming 3D finite element modelling and nonlinear stress analysis.
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Hashimura, Shinji, Kyoichi Komatsu, Nobumasa Shinohara, Itsuki Nishioka, and Takefumi Otsu. "Development of Detection Method for Clamped Part Stiffness in Bolted Joint." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1113.
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Amir, Yosef, Douglas Grant, and Andrew Triscari. "Equivalent Axial Stiffness of Bolt Heads Subjected to Axial Loading." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85150.
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Stiffness analysis of bolted joints is essential for predicting the behavior of bolted assemblies subjected to axial loading. The traditional method of calculating bolt stiffness is to model the bolt as if it consisted of a number of individual elements under tension; each element is substituted by cylindrical bodies of various lengths and cross sections, and the stiffness of these bodies is calculated by simple, closed-form formulas. A difficulty with this technique is the substitution of the bolt head which has different boundary conditions than the rest of the body elements of the bolt. The bolt head deforms as a result of contact with the joint member, and consequently develops bearing stress under preload while the rest of the bolt elements experience pure tension. The traditional method to account for bolt head stiffness is to replace the head with a cylinder having a diameter equal to that of the bolt and an equivalent length equal to a fraction of the bolt’s diameter (d). VDI 2230 [1] proposes for the hex head an equivalent cylinder of length 0.5d, and for the socket head a length of 0.4d. This paper presents a finite element-based study performed for five different bolt head styles (hex, hex flange, socket, socket countersunk, and button), and reports the appropriate fraction of head diameter for each style. The head styles for which the equivalent lengths were obtained conform to ISO 4014, 4162, 4762, 10642 and 7380. This paper also reports on the experimental work that was undertaken to validate the calculated results.
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Housari, Basil A., Ali A. Alkelani, and Sayed A. Nassar. "A Proposed Model for Predicting Residual Clamp Load in Gasketed Bolted Joints." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25663.
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An improved mathematical model is proposed for predicting the residual clamp load in gasketed bolted joints, taking into consideration gasket creep relaxation behavior, bolt stiffness, and joint stiffness. The gasket creep relaxation behavior is represented by a number of parameters which has been obtained experimentally in a previous work. An experimental procedure is developed to verify the proposed model using a single-bolt joint. The bolt is tightened to a target preload and the clamp load loss due to gasket creep relaxation is observed over time under various preload levels. The experimental and analytical results are presented and discussed. The proposed model provides a prediction of the residual clamp load as a function of time, gasket material and thickness, bolt stiffness, and joint stiffness. The improved model can be used to simulate the behavior of creep relaxation in soft joints as the joint stiffness effect is considered. Additionally, a closed form solution is formulated to determine the initial clamp load level necessary to provide the desired level of a steady state residual clamp load in the joint, by taking the gasket creep relaxation into account.