Journal articles: 'Bolted joints – Design'

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Alden, John Miles, and Peter Hendrik Brand. "Assessing Structural Safety of Bolted Joints Subject to Cyclic Loading Using Advanced Nonlinear FEA." Advanced Materials Research 891-892 (March 2014): 827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.891-892.827.

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The concepts of structural safety embedded in recognised international standards for the fatigue design of bolted joints, such as VDI 2230 Part 1, are examined and challenged. This is done by means of theoretical investigation of the behaviour of bolted joints using non-linear finite element analysis. Potential differences between actual bolted joint parameters and behaviour, and implicit design assumptions, are reviewed and their effect on the structural safety of bolted joints in operating equipment examined. An approach to the fatigue design of bolted joints is presented which incorporates alternative concepts of structural safety and uses advanced CAE methods as part of the standard design process.

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Gong, Hao, Jianhua Liu, and Xiaoyu Ding. "Study on the critical loosening condition toward a new design guideline for bolted joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 9 (September 27, 2018): 3302–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218802928.

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An understanding of conditions that trigger the loosening of bolted joints is essential to ensure joint reliability. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of a typical bolted joint is developed, and a new simulation method is proposed to quantitatively identify the critical transverse force for initiating loosening. This force is used to evaluate the anti-loosening capacity of bolted joints. Using the proposed simulation method, the effects of factors affecting critical loosening are systematically studied. It is found that the preload, frictional coefficients at the thread and the bearing surfaces, clamped length, and fit tolerance mainly affected loosening. When the preload and friction coefficients are increased, and the clamped length and fit tolerance are reduced, loosening is inhibited. Experiments are performed to demonstrate the reliability of the results. Finally, a suggestion is proposed to improve the design guideline VDI 2230 for bolted joints, which considers the requirement of avoiding loosening under vibrational loading.

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Dravid, Shriram, Kartikeya Triphati, and Manoj Chouksey. "Experimental study of loosening behavior of plain shank bolted joint under dynamic loading." International Journal of Structural Integrity 6, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-09-2013-0024.

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Purpose – Bolted joints are commonly used to connect structural members. These joints can be disassembled whenever required. Various types of washers are used between nut and the connected member to keep the joints tight. However, these joints often become loose over time under dynamic loading conditions. The purpose of this paper is to know the reasons of loosening of bolted joints and to identify the main parameters that contribute to the bolt loosening, and to verify them with previous work. Design/methodology/approach – This work studies loosening of bolted joint in a test rig under varying tightening torque as well as for various types of washers used as the number of load cycles increases. Four trial runs are taken for each case considered and the average results are found out to minimize possible sources of errors. For the purpose, a specifically made test rig is used which is capable of applying harmonic load on the bolted joint by the lever action. Findings – The study compares the loosening of bolted joint with and without washer, and also under different initial tightening conditions. This study has shown the suitability of the test rig, methodology and parameters for study of loosening in bolted joints. This study presents an indigenous test, capable of applying harmonic load on bolted joint. Originality/value – The results establish that the methodology and parameters selected were appropriate for the purpose of study of loosening of bolted joints. This study has provided a base line for further work to understand the loosening of bolted joints.

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Wang, Xi Wang, Xiao Yang Li, Lin Lin Zhang, and Xiao Guang Wang. "A New Approach for Determining Joint Stiffness of Bolted Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 670-671 (October 2014): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.670-671.1041.

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Joint member stiffness in a bolted connection directly influence the safety of a design in regard to both static and fatigue loading as well as in the prevention of separation in the connection. Thus, the accurate determination of the stiffness is of extreme importance to predict the behavior of bolted assemblies. In this paper, An analytical 3D axisymmetric model of bolted joints is proposed to obtain the joint stiffness of Bolted Joints. Considering many different analytical models have been proposed to calculate the joint stiffness, the expression based force equilibrium can be a easy way to choose the best expression for the joint stiffness as a judgment criteria.

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Jadee, Khudhayer J., and A. R. Othman. "Fiber Reinforced Composite Structure with Bolted Joint – A Review." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.939.

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Fiber reinforced composite structures are widely used in the aerospace, aircraft, civil and automotive applications due to their high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios and these applications require joining composite either to composite or to metal. There are three main methods for joining composite structures namely, bonding, mechanically fastened or a combination of the two. Bolted joint are preferred in structures where the disassembly is required for the purpose of maintenance and repair. Due to the stress concentration around the holes, bolted joints often represents the weakest part in the structure, and therefore it is important to design them safely. A review on the study of bolted joints in fiber reinforced composite structure is presented. It was found that the behavior of bolted joints in composite structure is affected by many factors, such as geometry, joint material, clamping–load provided by the bolts, ply orientations, etc. Accordingly, various researches have been conducted on the analyses of stress distribution, failure prediction, and strength properties of bolted joint both experimentally and numerically. Accurate prediction of stresses in bolted joints is essential for reliable design of the whole structure; if it is not optimally designed, premature and unexpected failures may be occurred.

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Cardoso, Raphael Calazans, Brenno Lima Nascimento, Felipe de Freitas Thompson, and Sandro Griza. "Study of bolted joint axial stiffness using finite element analyses, experimental tests, and analytical calculations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 23 (May 23, 2020): 4671–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406220927066.

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The bolted joints sizing procedures shall adequately match the conditions imposed on the joint in service, to ensure high reliability designs. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the load distributions on the bolt when applying external load on bolted joints. Finite element and extensometry analyses as well as analytical calculations were performed in order to compare the magnitude of the joint overall stiffness, with respect to several available theories. The results acquired through the analytical method prescribed in the VDI 2230 standard as well as the finite element and extensometry analyses obtained great accordance. These results indicate that VDI 2230 standard adequately represents the mechanical behavior of the joint and should be used as a guideline for the reliable design of bolted joints subjected to the loading conditions of the present paper.

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Welch, Michael. "Classical analysis of preloaded bolted joint load distributions." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 4 (August 13, 2018): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-07-2017-0045.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop the understanding of how external loads are reacted through preloaded bolted joints and the interaction of the joint elements. The paper develops ideas from how to do an analysis to understanding the implications of the results. Design/methodology/approach Classical methods of analysis are applied to preloaded bolted joints, made with multiple bolts. The paper considers both the detailed analysis of bolts stresses, fatigue analysis and load-based design analysis, to demonstrate the structural integrity of preloaded bolted joints. Findings In preloaded joints the external tensile axial load and moments are mainly supported by changes in contact pressure at the faying surface. Only a small proportion of the external loads produce changes in bolt tensile stress. The bolts have a significant mean stress but experience a low working stress range. This low stress range is a factor in explaning why preloaded bolted joints have good fatigue performance. Practical implications In many cases the methods presented are adequate to demonstrate the structural integrity of joints. In some cases finite element methods may be more appropriate, and the methods discussed can be used in the validation process. Originality/value The paper brings together a number of concepts and links them into a practical design analysis process for preloaded bolted joints. Interpretation of results, within the context of design standards, is provided.

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Naraghi, Tahereh, and Ali S. Nobari. "A novel method for the identification of a model for the nonlinear characteristic of a bolted lap-joint." Journal of Vibration and Control 23, no. 3 (August 9, 2016): 484–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546315581238.

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Joints are the main source of nonlinearity and energy dissipation in large assembled structures which could be otherwise considered as linear. Consequently, modeling and parameter identification of joints play a significant role in any successful design and finite element (FE) modeling of structures. In the present research, an identification procedure is proposed for the modeling of the nonlinear behavior of a bolted joint. The main emphasis are placed on the simplicity of the experimental procedures involved as well as ease of incorporation of the identified model in the FE model of the structure. Using the concept of the optimum equivalent linear frequency response function, structure was excited by two levels of random force, at two bolt preload levels, and then the eigen values of the nonlinear structure and the inverse eigen-sensitivity identification technique are used, in order to identify the nonlinear properties of bolted joints. The results of implementing the method are promising and indicative of the fact that, in contrast to static Iwan’s model of a bolted joint, the equivalent dynamic characteristics of a bolted joint may be frequency dependent, as the different modes will affect the interface zone of the jointed structures in a different manner.

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HAGIWARA, Masaya, Tsuyoshi SATO, and Isamu YOSHIMOTO. "Design System of Bolted Joints (4th Report)." Journal of the Japan Society of Precision Engineering 51, no. 4 (1985): 855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe1933.51.855.

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Stephen, JT, MB Marshall, and R. Lewis. "An investigation into contact pressure distribution in bolted joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 18 (March 27, 2014): 3405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214528320.

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Bolted joints are widely used in modern engineering structures and machine designs due to their low cost and reliability when correctly selected. Their integrity depends on quantitative representation of the contact pressure distribution at the interface during design. Because of the difficulty in reaching and assessing clamped interfaces with traditional experimental methods, presently bolted joint design and evaluation is based on theoretical analysis, with assumptions to quantify pressure distribution at the clamped interface, which may not represent their true operating conditions. The present work utilises a non-intrusive ultrasonic technique to investigate and quantify the pressure distribution in bolted joints. The effect of variation in plate thickness on the contact pressure distribution at bolted interfaces under varying axial loads is investigated. While it was observed that the contact pressure at the interface increases as the applied load increases, the distance from the edge of the bolt hole at which the distribution becomes stable is independent of the applied load on the bolted joint. However, the contact pressure distribution was observed to vary with the plate thickness. Although the variation in the peak value of the average contact pressure distribution in bolted joints does not depend on the plate thickness, the distance from the edge of bolt hole at which the value of the distribution becomes stable increases as the plate thickness is increased. It was also observed that the edge of the bolt head affected the position of the peak value of the contact pressure distribution at the interface, though its effect was dependent on plate thickness. Furthermore, a model based on a Weibull distribution has been proposed to fit the experimental data and a good correlation was observed.

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11

Zhai, Xue, Cheng-Wei Fei, Jian-Jun Wang, and Xing-Yu Yao. "Parametric modeling and updating for bolted joints of aeroengine casings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 16 (August 9, 2016): 2940–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215607900.

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To establish accurate finite element (FE) model of bolted joint structures of aeroengine stator system (casings), this work implements the parametric FE modeling and updating of bolted joints of aeroengine stator system with multi-characteristic responses (multi-object). Firstly, the parametric FE modeling approach of bolted joint structure was developed based on the thin layer element method. And then the FE model updating thought of aeroengine stator system was developed based on the probabilistic analysis method. Finally, the parametric modeling and updating of the bolted joints of aeroengine stator system with multi-characteristic responses was completed by the optimization iteration calculation of objective function based on the proposed methods and the static stiffness testing data. Through the parametric modeling of bolted joint structures based on the thin layer method, the complexity of FE model of aeroengine casings with many bolted joint structures is reduced. As shown in the FE model updating of casings with multi-characteristic responses analysis, the static stiffness from the updated model are very close to the test data, in which the maximum relative error decreases to 3.9% from 30.52% and the others are less than 3%, so that the design precision of aeroengine stator system with the many and wide variety of bolted joints gets a great improvement. Moreover, the proposed methods of parametric modeling and model updating for multi-characteristic responses are validated to be effective in the simulation and equivalent of the mechanical characteristics of bolted joints in complex systems like aeroengine stator system.

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Czachor, Robert P. "Unique Challenges for Bolted Joint Design in High-Bypass Turbofan Engines." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1806453.

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Bolted joints are used at numerous locations in the rotors and carcass structure of modern aircraft turbine engines. This application makes the design criteria and process substantially different from that used for other types of machinery. Specifically, in addition to providing engine alignment and high-pressure gas sealing, aircraft engine structural joints can operate at high temperatures and may be required to survive very large applied loads which can result from structural failures within the engine, such as the loss of a fan blade. As engine bypass ratios have increased in order to improve specific fuel consumption, these so-called “Ultimate” loads increasingly dominate the design of bolted joints in aircraft engines. This paper deals with the sizing and design of both bolts and lever flanges to meet these demanding requirements. Novel empirical methods, derived from both component test results and correlated analysis have been developed to perform strength evaluation of both flanges and bolts. Discussion of analytical techniques in use includes application of the LS-DYNA™ code for modeling of high-speed blade impact events as related to bolted joint behavior.

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Terracciano, Giusy, Gaetano Della Corte, Gianmaria Di Lorenzo, and Raffaele Landolfo. "Design Tools for Bolted End-Plate Beam-to-Column Joints." Journal of Engineering 2018 (July 5, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9689453.

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Predicting the response of beam-to-column joints is essential to evaluate the response of moment frames. The well-known component method is based on a mechanical modelling of the joint, through joint subdivision into more elementary components subsequently reassembled together to obtain the whole joint characteristics. Significant advantages of the component method are the following: (i) the mechanics-based modelling approach; (ii) the easier general characteristics of components. However, the method is commonly perceived by practicing engineers as being too laborious for practical applications. Within this context, this paper summarizes the results of a theoretical study aiming to develop simplified analysis tools for bolted end-plate beam-to-column joints, based on the Eurocode 3 component method. The accuracy of the component method was first evaluated, by comparing theoretical predictions of the plastic resistance and initial stiffness with corresponding experimental data collected from the available literature. Subsequently, design/analysis charts were developed through a parametric application of the component method by means of automatic calculation tools. They are easy and quick tools to be used in the first phases of the design process, in order to identify joint configurations and geometrical properties satisfying specified joint structural performances. The parametric analysis allowed also identifying further simplified analytical tools, in the form of nondimensional equations for predicting quickly the joint structural properties. With reference to selected geometries, the approximate equations were verified to provide sufficiently accurate predictions of both the stiffness and the resistance of the examined beam-to-column joints.

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Ramadan, T., and A. Ghobarah. "Behaviour of bolted link-column joints in eccentrically braced frames." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 745–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l95-085.

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Current seismic provisions require that shear links in eccentrically braced frames be fully welded to the column flanges at the link-column joint. Since field welding may have its disadvantages, the use of bolted extended end-plate connection is examined. An experimental program is conducted to assess the response of extended end-plate connections of link-column joints in eccentrically braced frames. Six link-column joint specimens are tested using a cyclic load that represents the severe load reversals that the frame may be subjected to during strong earthquakes. The specimens are selected on the basis of different connection designs. Measurements of forces, strains, and displacements are made. Interaction curves relating the shear force and moment acting on links with semirigid connections are developed. The slip tendency and energy dissipation capacity of the different specimens are compared. On the basis of the test results, a design procedure is developed for the bolted extended end-plate link-column connection. It is concluded that bolted extended end-plate connections can be used for link-column joints of eccentrically braced frames. In properly designed connections bolt slippage was not measured even at high shear forces that are characteristic of link-column joint. Existing guidelines for the design of extended end-plate link-column joints are modified to account for the variable shear force and moment associated with links of different lengths. Key words: steel, frame, eccentric, braced, bolted, end plate, link, connection.

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Khan, Niaz B., Muhammad Abid, Mohammed Jameel, and Hafiz Abdul Wajid. "Joint strength of gasketed bolted pipe flange joint under combined internal pressure plus axial load with different (industrial and ASME) bolt-up strategy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 3 (October 29, 2015): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408915614460.

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Gasketed bolted flange joints are used in process industry for connecting pressure vessels and pipes. Design procedures available in the literature mostly discuss structural strength, while sealing failure is still a big concern in industries. Similarly, limited work is found in the literature regarding performance of gasketed bolted joints under combined loading. A detailed 3D nonlinear finite element analysis is performed to study the strength and sealing of a gasketed bolted flanged pipe joint under different bolt-up strategy (Industrial and ASME) and under combined internal pressure and axial loading.

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Zhao, Yongsheng, Hongchao Wu, Congbin Yang, Zhifeng Liu, and Qiang Cheng. "Interval estimation for contact stiffness of bolted joint with uncertain parameters." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 11 (November 2019): 168781401988370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019883708.

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Bolted joints are elements used to create resistant assemblies in the mechanical system, whose overall performance is greatly affected by joints’ contact stiffness. Most of the researches on contact stiffness are based on certainty theory whereas in real applications the uncertainty characterizes the parameters such as fractal dimension D and fractal roughness parameter G. This article presents an interval estimation theory to obtain the stiffness of bolted joints affected by uncertain parameters. Topography of the contact surface is fractal featured and determined by fractal parameters. Joint stiffness model is built based on the fractal geometry theory and contact mechanics. Topography of the contact surface of bolted joints is measured to obtain the interval of uncertain fractal parameters. Equations with interval parameters are solved to acquire the interval of contact stiffness using the Chebyshev interval method. The relationship between the interval of contact stiffness and the uncertain parameters, that is, fractal dimension D, fractal roughness parameter G, and normal pressure, can be obtained. The presented model can be used to estimate the interval of stiffness for bolted joints in the mechanical systems. The results can provide theoretical reference for the reliability design of bolted joints.

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Vopatová, Kristýna, Kamila Cábová, Břetislav Židlický, Marta Kuříková, and František Wald. "Advanced Design of Steel to Timber Bolted Joints." ce/papers 4, no. 2-4 (September 2021): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1374.

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Grosse, I. R., and L. D. Mitchell. "Nonlinear Axial Stiffness Characteristics of Axisymmetric Bolted Joints." Journal of Mechanical Design 112, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 442–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912628.

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A critical assessment of the current design theory for bolted joints which is based on a linear, one-dimensional stiffness analysis is presented. A detailed nonlinear finite element analysis of a bolted joint conforming to ANSI standards was performed. The finite element results revealed that the joint stiffness is highly dependent on the magnitude of the applied load. The joint stiffness changes continuously from extremely high for small applied loads to the bolt stiffness during large applied loads, contrary to the constant joint stiffness of the linear theory. The linear theory is shown to be inadequate in characterizing the joint stiffness. The significance of the results in terms of the failure of bolted joints is discussed. A number of sensitivity studies were carried out to assess the effect of various parameters on the axial joint stiffness. The results revealed that bending and rotation of the joint members, interfacial friction, and the bolt/nut threading significantly influence the axial stiffness characteristics of the bolted joint. The two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite element model includes bilinear gap elements to model the interfaces. Special orthotropic elements were used to model the bolt/nut thread interaction. A free-body-diagram approach was taken by applying loads to the outer diameter of the joint model which correspond to internal, uniformly distributed line-shear and line-moment loads in the joint. A number of convergence studies were performed to validate the solution.

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Aljuboury, Muhsin, Md Jahir Rizvi, Stephen Grove, and Richard Cullen. "Bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints for pipelines: A review of current practice and future challenges." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 8 (April 4, 2018): 1698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420718766563.

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Metallic bolted flanges and pipes have both been increasingly replaced by fibre-reinforced polymer materials in many applications which deal with extreme harsh environments such as oil, chemical, marine, etc. This is not only due to the fibre-reinforced polymer material’s resistance to the chemical reaction but also due to their inherent mechanical properties of high strength to weight ratio. However, very little research has been published regarding bolted flange joints made of fibre-reinforced polymer materials. Also, the availability of standards and relevant design codes are very limited for bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints. Hence, the design guidelines, dimensional considerations and selection of fabrication methods for the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints have yet to be optimized fully. For instance, the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, section X and ASME PCC-1-2013 appendix O or other similar standards do not include specific rules for the design of the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints. As a result, it is difficult to understand the consequences on the reliability of fibre-reinforced polymer flanges made with parametric variations and dimensional alterations. This has led the authors to carry out research to maximise the performance of the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flange joints through a series of experimenters and numerical simulations. The present article will focus on the available techniques to manufacture the bolted fibre-reinforced polymer flanges along with the associated issues and possible challenges compared to metallic flanges.

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Xu, De Liang, Wei Qing Liu, Ding Zhou, Jian Dong Ding, Ying Lei, and Wei Dong Lu. "The Study on Mechanical Properties of Single-Bolted Steel-Glulam-Steel Joints." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.204.

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Seven groups, total of 31 single-bolted steel-glulam-steel joints, were tested for their mechanical performance. The mechanical properties of single-bolted steel-glulam-steel connection subjected to a load parallel to the grain have been studied. The failure mode and failure mechanism of bolted connections were discussed in detail. It is shown that the failure mode, bearing capacity, stiffness and ductility of the joint are mainly relative to the thickness of the glulam and the diameter of the bolt. Due to the wide application of bolted steel-glulam-steel connections in engineering, the present work can be taken as a reference in manufacture, and design of modern timber structures.

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Welch, Michael. "A Paradigm for the Analysis of Preloaded Bolted Joints." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 69, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2019-0012.

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AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present a paradigm, or guide, to the analysis of preloaded bolted joints made using multiple bolts. Classical analysis methods are applied to the interaction of the joint elements subjected to combinations of both in-plane and out-of-plane loads and moments. The distribution of the external loads and moments within the preloaded joint is determined in relationship to individual bolts. An analysis of loads and stresses in individual bolts and dowels along with flange bending and thread shear in tapped or threaded holes is developed. The article brings together a number of concepts and links them into a practical design analysis process that is applicable for many cases of preloaded bolted joints and are adequate to demonstrate the structural integrity of each element of the joint. Interpretation of results, within the context of design standards, is provided. In some cases finite element methods may be more appropriate, and the methods discussed can be used in the validation process.

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Cai, Li Gang, Feng Wang, Tie Neng Guo, Jing Jing Wang, and Peng Qiao. "Experimental Analysis of the Nonlinear Normal Static Stiffness of Bolted Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 1104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.1104.

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The normal static stiffness plays an important role in the whole connection of bolted joints. Both the design and the connection quality are depended on the normal static stiffness. But the nonlinear characteristics of its normal static stiffness is not well explained. An experimental test is developed herein to clarify the influence of the jointed surfaces. And the nonlinear effect of jointed surfaces of bolted members has been separated from the total stiffness. The nonlinear relation between the extensile force and the joints’ stiffness in the jointed surfaces under different preloads has been extracted through the experiment.

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Zhang, Ouqi. "Discussions on Behavior of Bolted Joints in Tension." Journal of Mechanical Design 127, no. 3 (November 24, 2004): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1867513.

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It is known that the behavior of real axisymmetric bolted joints in tension is much more complicated than that the conventional theory describes. Phenomenon conflicting with the theory prediction was observed in experimental and finite element analysis [Kwiatkowski, J. K., Winnicki, L. A., and Krzyspiak, A., 1986, “Stress Analysis of Bolted Tensile End Plate Connections,” Rozprawy Inzynierskie Eng. Trans., 34, pp. 113–137; Webjörn, J., 1988, “Die Moderne Schraubenverbindung,” VDI-Z, 130, pp. 76–78; Grosse, I. R., and Mitchell, L. D., 1990, “Nonlinear Axial Stiffness Characteristics of Bolted Joints,” ASME J. Mech. Des., 122, pp. 442–449; Gerbert, G., Bastedt, H., 1993, “Centrically Loaded Bolt Joints,” ASME J. Mech. Des., 115, pp. 701–705]. Recently, a new analytical model of bolted joints was presented [Zhang, O., and Poirier, J. A., 2004, “New Analytical Model for Axisymmetric Bolted Joints,” ASME J. Mech. Des., 126, pp. 721–728], based on which some discussions are further made in this note.

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Smith, Ian, Luke R. J. Whale, Colin Anderson, Barry O. Hilson, and Peter D. Rodd. "Design properties of laterally loaded nailed or bolted wood joints." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-085.

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This paper summarizes the output from a long-term project commenced in 1980 with the objective of providing reliable knowledge of the mechanical properties of nailed or bolted joints subjected to short-term lateral loadings. Motivation was the development on an international basis of probability-based partial coefficients limit states design codes for structural timberwork. Comparisons are presented between design solutions produced by applying this research and those by the use of contemporary "soft conversion" international partial coefficients limit states design codes that were calibrated from previously available data. Differences relate primarily to design of bolted joints. It is shown that there is an established acceptance in Canada of the approach adopted. Key words: wood, joints, nails, bolts, design.

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Dinger, G. "Design of multi-bolted joints to prevent self-loosening failure." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 15 (August 8, 2016): 2564–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215612813.

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The rotational self-loosening of bolted joints under cyclic loading is a process, which means a screw rotation against the assembly direction by periodic load cycles. Thus, the preload balance is released and the clamping function is no longer maintained. The effect is well known, but prevention is usually performed experimentally only after occurrence of self-loosening events. The paper gives a systematic presentation of the dimensioning and the possibility to consider self-loosening in the development process. The procedure for self-loosening dimensioning and the influences are demonstrated with safety-relevant multi-bolted connections from the automotive industry. The aim of this paper is to provide a numerical design method with finite element analysis for detecting and understanding of the self-loosening process at bolted joints. Another focus of the work is to investigate the self-loosening behaviour under combined loading with a superposition of translation and rotation. Combined loading can lead to self-loosening even before reaching the limit of self-loosening for transverse loading. The computational results of the numerical simulation (FEA) are compared with experimental investigations.

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Bouzid, A., and A. Chaaban. "An Accurate Method of Evaluating Relaxation in Bolted Flanged Connections." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 119, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2842254.

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Bolted flanged joint assemblies may begin to leak some time following a successful hydrostatic test. One of the reasons is that the gasket experiences a drop in its initial compressive stress due to creep, thermal dilatation, and thermal degradation. The need to pay attention to the relaxation behavior of bolted joints for high-temperature applications is recognized by the ASME Code, but no specific guidelines are given to help engineers, neither at the design nor maintenance levels. This paper deals with the basic analytical tools that have been used to develop a computer program “SuperFlange” that can be used to make accurate predictions of the relaxation of bolted flanged joints, and hence be able to provide a reasonable leakage assessment over time. A simplified analytical method of relaxation analysis will also be presented. These proposed methods are supported by test results obtained on a real bolted joint fixture and by FE modeling. A strong emphasis will be put on flanged joint rigidity, which is one of the major controlling parameters of relaxation besides the material properties involved.

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Yang, R. Z., and Yan Xiao. "Experimental Study of Glubam Single-Bolted Joint Loaded by Tension." Key Engineering Materials 517 (June 2012): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.517.34.

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Glubam is a new construction material and glubam bolted joints have been developed in modern bamboo structures. To observe the performance of bolted joint, two major groups of glubam-single-bolted-joint specimens with double steel side plates are tested. Bearing strength and failure mode are analyzed and discussed. It is shown that specimens with tension parallel to bamboo fiber always yield by shearing out and showed higher bearing strength as well as better ductility, while specimens with tension perpendicular to bamboo fiber will fail by net tension. Results of bearing strength are evaluated by the 5% off-set method. At the end, equations obtained from test data and analysis about yielding strength of glubam bolted joint was obtained for following study and project design.

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Cui, Zhao Xia, Yu Peng Guo, Zhi Jun Zhang, Yong Zhi Gong, and Shao Hua Qian. "Optimization Design of Bolted Connections Based on Contact Stress." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.211.

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In a sling and hoisting structure consists of seamless steel tubes as hoisting column, bolts and connectors, all the weights are supported by bolted joints. For the bolt joint is located near the end of the hollow column, the position of the holes in sling column have important influence on the loading ability of the structure. In order to study the reliability of the sling structure, the contact stresses between bolts and its connectors are calculated theoretically and by using FEM (finite element method), and the optimum position of the holes are determined further.

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Choi, Jin Ho, Young Hwan Lee, Jin Hwe Kweon, and Woo Seong Che. "Strength of Composite Laminated Bolted Joint Subjected to a Clamping Force." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 1777–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.1777.

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As these composites have become more popular, composite joint design has become a very important research area, as these joints are often the weakest parts of composite structures. In this paper, the strength of a composite laminated bolted joint being subjected to a clamping force was tested and predicted using the FAI (Failure Area Index) method. The strengths of composite joints subjected to clamping forces on different geometric shapes and dimensions were predicted using the FAI method, and the results were compared with experimental results. From the tests and analyses, the strength of a given composite laminated bolted joint subjected to a clamping force could be predicted within 22.5% via the FAI method.

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Lalta, Prasad, and Khantwal Rahul. "Study on Breaking Load of Single Lap Joint Using Hybrid Joining Techniques for Alloy Steel AISI 4140 and Mild Steel: Taguchi and Neural Network Approach." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0005.

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Abstract The present investigation carried out to analyze the breaking load of single lap joint using hybrid joining techniques for alloy steel AISI 4140 and mild steel as base material by experimentally and optimized by Taguchi method and neural network. The six samples of lap joints were prepared namely: bolted joint (BJ); adhesive joint (AJ); welded joint (WJ); bolted-welded joint (BWJ); adhesive-welded joint (AWJ) and adhesivebolted joint (ABJ). The breaking load of the joints in terms of breaking load and elongation were evaluated for each joint. The effect of the adjustment attached to the joint on the breaking load and elongation were evaluated. Taguchi method was applied for given input parameters and L4 design of experiments was used. The breaking load and elongation were taken as output response. The predicted values by Taguchi method were used as target values in neural network fitting curve. Neural network fitting tool was used to check whether the obtained values were near the target value or not. Based on the achieved results, the maximum breaking load and elongation were found for bolted-welded joint.

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Bouzid, Abdel-Hakim, and Akli Nechache. "An Analytical Solution for Evaluating Gasket Stress Change in Bolted Flange Connections Subjected to High Temperature Loading." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 4 (May 29, 2005): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2042480.

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The tightness of bolted flanged joints subjected to elevated temperature is not properly addressed by flange design codes. The development of an analytical method based on the flexibility of the different joint components and their elastic interaction could serve as a powerful tool for elevated temperature flange designs. This paper addresses the effect of the internal fluid operating temperature on the variation of the bolt load and consequently on the gasket stress in bolted joints. The theoretical analysis used to predict the gasket load variation as a result of unequal radial and axial thermal expansion of the joint elements is outlined. It details the analytical basis of the elastic interaction model and the thermally induced deflections that are used to evaluate the load changes. Two flange joint type configurations are treated: a joint with identical pair of flanges and a joint with a cover plate. The analytical models are validated and verified by comparison to finite element results.

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Picard, André. "Guide to design criteria for bolted and riveted joints." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-018.

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Tsuji, Hirokazu. "612 Design of Bolted Flanged Joints Based on Leakage." Proceedings of the 1992 Annual Meeting of JSME/MMD 2005 (2005): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmezairiki.2005.0_405.

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Bouzid, Abdel-Hakim, and Akli Nechache. "Thermally Induced Deflections in Bolted Flanged Connections." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 127, no. 4 (May 29, 2005): 394–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2042476.

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Pressure vessel joints operating at high temperature are often very difficult to seal. The existing flange design methods do not address thermal effects other than the variation of flange material mechanical properties with temperature. It is possible to include the effects of temperature loading in joint analysis, however, presently very few guidelines exist for this type of analysis. This paper outlines the theoretical analysis used for the determination of the steady state operating temperature and deflections in bolted flange joints. It details the theoretical equations necessary to predict the temperature profiles and thermal expansion difference between the joint components necessary for the evaluation of the load redistribution for the two cases of a flange pair and a flange with a cover plate. The results from the theoretical models are verified by comparison to finite element results.

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Yun, Huang, Qing Hua Zhang, Yi Zhi Bu, He Liang Liu, and Shao Lin Yang. "Fatigue Evaluation of Trough Splice Joints in Orthotropic Steel Decks." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.17.

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Fatigue tests for full-scale orthotropic steel decks were conducted to evaluate and validate the fatigue performance of welded and bolted splice joints of longitudinal ribs. The test results indicated that the fatigue properties of two splice joints met the design requirements. The bolted splice joints whose principal tensile stress was largely lower than welded splice joints under the same loading conditions appeared to have superior fatigue resistance to the welded one. No fatigue cracks were detected among all the specimens and the principal tensile stress of measuring points had few changes during the whole fatigue tests. Systematic analysis of test data showed that bolted splice joints appeared to be more reasonable for improving the fatigue performance of longitudinal ribs.

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Menzemer, C. C., L. Fei, and T. S. Srivatsan. "Design Criteria for Bolted Connection Elements in Aluminum Alloy 6061." Journal of Mechanical Design 121, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829467.

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Plates frequently find use as connecting elements in structures built from aluminum alloys. Many structural elements employ mechanical fasteners. Design of connections necessitates that due consideration be given to: (a) bolt or rivet failure, (b) progressive bearing distress of material adjacent to the fastener(s), (c) net-section tensile failure, and (d) tear out of the fastener group(s). Current design provisions for block shear failures of bolted and riveted joints in aluminum-based alloys make use of models initially developed for structural steels or, alternatively, fail to address an estimation of joint capacity. Shear failure of aluminum connecting elements is the focus of this paper. An experimental and analytical program was undertaken with the objective of studying block shear failure of aluminum connecting elements. Twenty aluminum alloy 6061-T6 gusset plates, representing four different bolt patterns, were mechanically deformed. Models to estimate the capacity of the joints are examined and compared with experimental results. Strain distribution around the periphery of the connections were measured and compared to finite element predictions. The correlations between the design models and experimental observations are highlighted.

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Zhu, Zhenqi, and Bi Zhang. "The Bulging of Bolted Guideways." Journal of Mechanical Design 118, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826881.

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As bolted joints affect the overall accuracy and stiffness of a machine tool, their behaviors have always been important to consider in a machine design process. The bulging phenomenon of a bolted guideway needs to be investigated under different loading conditions. A considerable amount of research has been reported on bolted joints; however, none is focused on the bulging of a bolted guideway. In this article, the bulging of three types of guideways is studied using the finite element method and the results are verified by the experiments using capacitance sensors. It turns out that the bulging occurs in such a way that the lower portion of a guideway expands while the top portion around the bolt sinks in the order of micrometers. The results would help the machine tool builders to reduce or eliminate the errors induced by the bulging effect from their products. The results are also useful to other applications of bolted joints where three-dimensional deformation occurs.

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Jiao, Shi, Bai Yu, and Jian Rong Yang. "Analysis of Effect of Welding on Pretension of Bolt of Bolted-Welded Joints." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.13.

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In order to study the influence of welding stresses on the bolt of bolted-welded joints, the two cases of veneer connections and double-plate connections are considered and three sizes of six friction type bolted-welded connections joints model are established. The paper uses the finite element method to simulation welding heating and cooling of bolted-welded connections impact on the bolt pretension and analyze node capacity to be affected to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of the node.

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Norrick, Nicklas. "Statistical Consideration of Uncertainties in Bolted Joints of the Drive Train of Sheet-Fed Offset Printing Presses." Applied Mechanics and Materials 807 (November 2015): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.807.3.

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This paper outlines a design process for the bolted joints of the drive train of sheet-fed offset printing presses incorporating statistical data and methods. Sheet-fed offset printing presses are driven by a continuous geared drive train along the length of the press. The bolted joints of the drive train connecting the gears to the cylinders of the press are subjected to high loads, especially during emergency stops. A nonlinear mechanical model of a printing press implemented in Matlab/Simulink is presented which is used to calculate the occurring loads. Measurements of linear and nonlinear system response are presented to support the quality of the mechanical model. The bolted joints between the main drive train gears and cylinders are designed according to current standards. Statistical information based on experimental data is considered during the application of the standardized method. Using the Monte Carlo technique, a more exact description of the joint’s strength is made possible. In this way, the maximum tolerable load for the screw connection is 16% higher than the same result from a standard worst-case calculation.

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Li, Qiu Hong, Jia Tai Zhang, Ping Wang, and Kai Xue. "Study on Bolted Joints of U Frame of Simulation Turntable." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.67.

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The simulation turntable is a high precision and semi-physical simulation installation. In order to meet high precision of turntable, the precision prescribed in all sets of axes of turntable is required during manufacturing process and assembly. Based on assembly process of three-axis simulation turntable, the detachable structure of U frame is designed. Components of the frame are formed by bolted joints. So the strength and stiffness of the U frame with bolted joints must meet initial design requirements, simple and reliable finite element simulation method of bolted joints is applied based on ANSYS software in the paper. The connection of screw threat pair is simulated by nonlinear elastic contact mode, and the preload to bolts is loaded though pretension element of ANSYS software. The numerical analysis is performed to confirm that the detachable structural U frame with bolted joints is satisfied with structural requirement and the strength of U frame is influenced by the pre-tightening force of bolt at the extent.

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Tajeuna, Thérèse A. D., Frédéric Légeron, Sébastien Langlois, Pierre Labossière, and Marc Demers. "Experimental investigation of multi-material aluminum-to-steel and glass fiber reinforced polymer-to-steel bonded and bolted–bonded connections." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 7 (July 2016): 657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0285.

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Through an experimental study, this paper describes the behavior of single-lap bonded and bolted–bonded connections for configurations with minimum geometric parameters proposed in design references. Two types of multi-material connections are considered: glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP)–steel and aluminum–steel. At first, the behavior of bonded connections using methacrylate and epoxy adhesives is evaluated. Then, the contribution of adhesive in bolted connections is investigated. Test results show that on bonded joints, failures mostly occur at the substrate to adhesive interface. Sanding the GFRP plate was found to improve the connection strength. Despite their lower elastic modulus, methacrylate adhesives with larger capacity to undergo plastic deformation provide better strength than other methacrylate and epoxy adhesives. For bolted–bonded joints, the adhesive was found to improve the elastic behavior and the strength of GFRP–steel joints while its effect for aluminum–steel joints was not apparent due to reduced bonded surface and the high strength performance of the bolted plates.

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Guo, Junting, and Zhan Shu. "Theoretical Evaluation of Moment Resistance for Bolted Timber Connections." MATEC Web of Conferences 303 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930303003.

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Timber construction is nowadays becoming more and more favorable due to multiple advantages. In this paper, the connection type and material of timber building were first highlighted. Then, the bolted joints with slotted-in steel plates were systematically tested and analyzed. A typical slotted-in bolted glulam connection was simulated using the software Abaqus. Furthermore, a few important design variables were measured and used to numerically estimate the embedment strength, the shear force per plane, and the ultimate moment capacity of the connections. At last, multiple configurations of joint design were compared in the paper, and a parametric design was made. The results were systematically explained.

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Li, Bingqi, Zhenyu Zhang, Xiaogang Wang, and Xiaonan Liu. "Investigation on cohesive zone model of bolted joint for water conveyance tunnel lining." Engineering Computations 36, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 1449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-07-2018-0310.

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Purpose The behavior of joints has a significant effect on the stability of water conveyance tunnel. The purpose of this paper is to study the contact and friction at the joint of the tunneling segment lining and establish its contact friction model. At the same time, the stress and deformation characteristics at the joint of the segment under hydrostatic load are analyzed. Design/methodology/approach In this study, the contact and friction in a bolted joint are examined using shear testing. The feasibility of the proposed model is verified by a numerical simulation of tests and a theoretical analysis. Accordingly, the effect of joints on the lining is explored under internal hydrostatic loading. Findings The results show that the openings of tunnel segments in joints gradually expand from the positions of the inner and outer edges to the location of the bolt. Moreover, the stress concentration zone is formed at the bolt. Under hydraulic loading, the opening displacement at the joint increases as the water pressure increases; nevertheless, it does not exceed engineering requirements. When the water pressure of the tunnel lining joint reaches 0.5 MPa, the opening of the joint slowly increases. When the water pressure exceeds 0.7 MPa, the opening of the joint rapidly and significantly increases. Originality/value Contact and friction in a bolted joint were examined using shear testing. A cohesive zone model of bolted joints was proposed based on test results. The influence of joint behavior on the stability of water conveyance tunnel was studied.

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Reid, John D., and Nicholas R. Hiser. "Detailed modeling of bolted joints with slippage." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 41, no. 6 (March 2005): 547–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2004.10.001.

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Zhao, Shuyuan, Jianglong Dong, Chao Lv, Zhengyu Li, Xinyang Sun, and Wenjiao Zhang. "Thermal Mismatch Effect and High-Temperature Tensile Performance Simulation of Hybrid CMC and Superalloy Bolted Joint by Progressive Damage Analysis." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020 (March 11, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8739638.

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The hybrid CMC and superalloy bolted joints have exhibited great potential to be used as thermostructural components of reusable space transportation systems, given the respective strengths of these two materials. In the high temperature excursion of the hybrid joints with the aircrafts and space vehicles, the substantial difference in thermal expansion coefficients of CMC and superalloy materials will induce complex superposition of initial assembly stress, thermal stress, and tensile stress around fastening area, which might lead to unknown failure behavior of joint structure. To address this concern, a finite element model embedded with progressive damage analysis was established to simulate the thermostructural behavior and high-temperature tensile performance of single-lap, single-bolt C/SiC composite and superalloy joint, by using the ABAQUS software. It was found that the initial stiffness of the CMC/superalloy hybrid bolted joints decreases with the rise of applied temperature under all bolt-hole clearance levels. However, the load-bearing capacity varies significantly with the initial clearance level and exposed temperature for the studied joint. The thermal expansion mismatch generated between the CMC and superalloy materials led to significant changes in the assembly preload and bolt-hole clearance as the high-temperature load is applied to the joint. The evolution in the thermostructural behavior upon temperature was then correlated with the variations in stiffness and failure load of the joints. The provided new findings are valuable for structural design and practical application of the hybrid CMC/superalloy bolted joints at high temperatures in next-generation aircrafts.

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Chani, Kulwinder Singh, JS Saini, and H. Bhunia. "Accelerated weathering of bolted joints prepared from woven glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposites." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 10 (February 12, 2019): 2108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420719828155.

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This work deals with the accelerated aging of the bolted joints prepared from glass fiber-reinforced nanocomposite laminates. ASTM D5961 was used to design the bolted joint, and the geometric parameters, i.e. width-to hole-diameter ( W/ D) ratio and edge distance-to-hole diameter ( E/ D) ratio were fixed to 6 and 5, respectively. ASTM D1544 was used for accelerated aging, and a maximum of 500 h cyclical ultraviolet exposure, 8 h of ultraviolet radiation at 60 ℃ followed by 4 h of condensation at 50 ℃, was given to the specimens. A full factorial design of experiment was conducted on important control factors, i.e. aging time, bolt torque, and material variation, using response surface methodology. To investigate the effect of nanoclay content, a range of 0–5 wt% was investigated. Specimens with 3 wt% of nanoclay demonstrated optimum tensile strength and were selected to manufacture the bolted joint. Nanoplatelets having high aspect ratio increased the specific surface area and thus the tensile strength of the nanocomposite. It was found that the strength of the joints prepared with and without the nanoclay content decreased with the increase in the duration of aging. However, the joints with the nanoclay content had higher failure loads. The strength retention in the joints with nanoclay content was more in comparison to the joints made with neat epoxy. Nanoclay acted as a mechanical interlock at the fiber–matrix interface and improved the interfacial bond strength. A good dispersion of nanoclay also acts as a barrier to the moisture, which eventually reduces the degradation of the composite material due to the lesser fiber–matrix de-bonding under accelerated aging conditions.

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Urbonas, Kestutis, and Alfonsas Daniūnas. "COMPONENT METHOD EXTENSION TO STEEL BEAM‐TO‐BEAM AND BEAM‐TO‐COLUMN KNEE JOINTS UNDER BENDING AND AXIAL FORCES." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2005): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2005.9636353.

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This paper presents an analysis of semi‐rigid beam‐to‐beam end‐plate bolted and beam‐to‐column end‐plate bolted knee joints that are subjected to bending and tension or compression axial force. Usually the influence of axial force on joint rigidity is neglected. According to EC3, the axial load, which is less than 10 % of plastic resistance of the connected member under axial force, may be disregarded in the design of joint. Actually the level of axial forces in joints of structures may be significant and has a significant influence on joint rigidity. One of the most popular practical method permitting the determination of rigidity and strength of joint is the so‐called component method. The extension of the component method for evaluating the influence of bending moment and axial force on the rigidity and strength of the joint are presented in the paper. The numerical results of calculations of rigidity and strength of beam-to-beam and beam-to-column knee joints are presented in this paper as well.

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Wang, Z. Y., and Q. Y. Wang. "Preliminary Parametric Assessment of a Bolted Endplate Joint under Combined Axial Force and Cyclic Bending Moment." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.718.

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Problems regarding the combined axial force and bending moment for the behaviour of semi-rigid steel joints under service loading have been recognized in recent studies. As an extended research on the cyclic behaviour of a bolted endplate joint, this study is performed relating to the contribution of column axial force on the cyclic behaviour of the joint. Using finite element analysis, the deteriorations of the joint performance have been evaluated. The preliminary parametric study of the joint is conducted with the consideration of flexibility of the column flange. The column axial force was observed to significantly influence the joint behaviour when the bending of the column flange dominates the failure modes. The reductions of moment resistance predicted by numerical analysis have been compared with codified suggestions. Comments have been made for further consideration of the influence of column axial load in seismic design of bolted endplate joints.

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Cai, Gaochuang, Feng Xiong, Yong Xu, Amir Si Larbi, Yang Lu, and Mikio Yoshizawa. "A Demountable Connection for Low-Rise Precast Concrete Structures with DfD for Construction Sustainability-A Preliminary Test under Cyclic Loads." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 3696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133696.

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As a demountable structure, the structure with design for deconstruction (DfD) is considered as a key contribution on the promotion of current construction sustainability by directly reusing valuable components from old structures. As a preliminary study, this paper investigated the cyclic behavior of bolted joints consisting of three reinforced concrete blocks bolted by steel bolts under axial compressive, focusing on the damage and failure modes, resistance mechanism and stiffness development of the joints. Results showed that the number of steel bolts, the tightening process of the bolts and concrete compressive strength all had a significant effect on the overall performance and capacity of the joints. The failure mode of most of tested joints was considered as fracture of stirrups and steel bolts in the tested joints. According to the investigation of this study, several recommendations on the design of the joints were provided.

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Wang, Jing Feng, Xin Yi Chen, and He Tao Hou. "Experimental Study of Blind Bolted Joints to Concrete-Filled Thin-Walled Steel Tubular Columns under Cyclic Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.78.

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This paper discusses results of experiments on blind bolted end plate joints to concrete-filled thin-walled steel tubular (CFTST) columns. Four exterior joints to CFTST columns subjected to cyclic loadings. A feature of this novel joint is the use of the blind bolts and extensions to these bolts into the concrete-filled square steel tubular column. Failure modes, moment-rotation hysteretic curves and energy consumption of the connections were analyzed. Further, the connection rigidity and ductility were also elevated by present specifications. The test results showed that the end plate type and the steel tube thickness affect the seismic behaviour of the typed blind bolted end plate joints. The proposed joint has reasonable strength, stiffness and ductility by taking reasonable end plate type, steel tube thickness and blind bolt anchorage; its ultimate connection rotation satisfies the ductility design requirements, and could be reliably and safety used in low-layer or multi-layer composite frames.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Bolted joints – Design'

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