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Journal articles on the topic 'Bolton's ratios'

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Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ayu, Ketut Virtika, Wiwekowati, and I. Gusti Putu Andya Indah Paramitha. "Description of Bolton analysis on Balinese patients with crowded teeth in Mahasaraswati Denpasar University Dental Hospital." Makassar Dental Journal 10, no. 3 (2021): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35856/mdj.v10i3.458.

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Bolton analysis is one of the analyzes used in determining tooth size discrepancies, the ratio of size of mesiodistal teeth is very important in determining orthodontic treatment plans so that good occlusion can be achieved as a result of treatment. The aim of this study is to find out the width of mesiodistal teeth crowded with Bolton's analysis of Balinese men and women. This des-criptive research method using purposive sampling technique, used 40 models study samples of male and female from Balinese patients at the Mahasaraswati Denpasar University Dental Hospital. The largest contour of me
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2

Alam, Mahnoor, Sara Shujaat, Syed Raiq Shah, Muhammad Saood, and Tahira Asghar. "Analysis of Bolton Ratios in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion and Effects of Various Four-Premolar Extraction Combinations Before and After Treatment." Global Immunological & Infectious Diseases Review VIII, no. I (2023): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/giidr.2023(viii-i).02.

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This study was conducted to find whether different premolar extraction patterns lead to a change in the Overall Bolton ratio from 0.91 and the Posterior Bolton ratio from 1.05, among the Pakistani population in a skeletal class I malocclusion. This quasi-experimental study took place in Khyber College Of Dentistry, Peshawar. Dental plaster models of the patients with skeletal class 1 malocclusion were collected. A Digital Vernier Caliper was used to calculate the Bolton's ratios. The Bolton ratios were again calculated after hypothetical extractions of all the 1st premolars (4/4), all 5s, uppe
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3

Othman, Siti, and Nigel Harradine. "Tooth Size Discrepancies in an Orthodontic Population." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 4 (2007): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/031406-102.

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Abstract Objective: To explore how many millimeters of tooth size discrepancy (TSD) are clinically significant, to determine what percentage of a representative orthodontic population has such a tooth size discrepancy, and to determine the ability of simple visual inspection to detect such a discrepancy. Materials and Methods: The sample comprised 150 pretreatment study casts with fully erupted and complete permanent dentitions from first molar to first molar, which were selected randomly from 1100 consecutively treated white orthodontic patients. The mesiodistal diameter tooth sizes were meas
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4

Regalla, Ravindra Reddy, Vummidisetti V. Subbarao, V. Santi, and G. Anita. "Interarch Tooth Size Relationship of Indian Population: Does Bolton's Analysis Apply?" Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 1 (2014): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1496.

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ABSTRACT Background Orthodontists have several methods to detect inter arch-tooth size discrepancies in patients presenting for orthodontic treatment. Many methods such as Pont's analysis, Nance and Carey's analysis, Peck and Peck ratio, Bolton's analysis are commonly used methods. A thorough search of literature reveals a paucity of reliable data on the mesiodistal dimensions of the crowns of the permanent dentition of Indian population. Without information about the size of individual tooth and groups of teeth for Indian population, it is difficult for the clinician to make an adequate diagn
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Al-Ansari, Nadia Basim, Suha Ali Abdul Ameer, and Mohammed Nahidh. "Do Dental Arches Lengths, Widths and Perimeters affect Bolton's Ratios?" Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 5 (2019): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01174.4.

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Al-Ansari, Nadia Basim, Suha Ali Abdul Ameer, and Mohammed Nahidh. "Do Dental Arches Lengths, Widths and Perimeters Affect Bolton's Ratios?" Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 6 (2019): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01386.x.

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Hyder, Md Liakat Ali, MSA Mamun, and MZ Hossain. "Tooth Size Discrepancies among Different Malocclusions in a Bangladeshi Orthodontic population." Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 2, no. 2 (2013): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i2.16158.

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Objectives: To identify the possible sex differences in anterior, posterior, and overall tooth size ratios and to evaluate whether any differences exist in tooth size ratios and distribution of subjects with clinically significant tooth size discrepancies among Angle class I, class II, & class III malocclusion groups in Bangladeshi Orthodontic population. Materials and Methods: Each malocclusion group comprised 40 subjects (20 males and 20 females).The mesiodistal width from first molar to first molar were measured on each pretreatment cast to the nearest 0.01mm using digital calipers, and
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8

Dhar, Hu Chi Shane, and Mitali Bora. "The Applicability of Bolton's Tooth Size Ratios to the Assamese Population." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 44, no. 4 (2010): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974909820100405.

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9

Endo, Toshiya, Isao Shundo, Ryota Abe, Katsuyuki Ishida, Sugako Yoshino, and Shohachi Shimooka. "Applicability of Bolton's tooth size ratios to a Japanese orthodontic population." Odontology 95, no. 1 (2007): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10266-007-0066-8.

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10

Nahidh, Mohammed, Faten Falih, Nawar Ahmed, Dhiaa J. Al-Dabagh, and Iman I. Al-Sheakli. "Bolton's Ratios in Normal, Spaced and Crowded Dental Arches (Iraqi Study)." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 8 (2019): 2476. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.02238.1.

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11

Sayed, ZafarIqbal Javed Iqbal, and AnishDnyneshwar Doke. "The applicability of Bolton's tooth size ratios for population-specific malocclusion." International Journal of Orthodontic Rehabilitation 8, no. 4 (2017): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijor.ijor_35_17.

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12

Al-Duliamy, Munad J., Samer S. Othman, and Farouk A. Hussien. "Comparison of Bolton's Ratios in a Sample of Iraqi and Egyptian Populations." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 28, no. 4 (2016): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0033232.

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13

Shahid, Fazal, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, and Mohd Fadhli Khamis. "Intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy in a Pakistani population: A stereomicroscope versus digital caliper." European Journal of Dentistry 10, no. 02 (2016): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.178299.

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ABSTRACT Objective: Comprehensive diagnosis and treatment planning are essential in a successful orthodontic practice. The purpose of this study is to determine and compare intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (IMTSD) using traditional digital caliper (DC) measurement on plaster dental models and stereomicroscopic digital dental models (SM). Materials and Methods: The samples were randomly selected from different states of Pakistan. Total 7168 variables were measured on plaster dental casts (128) and SM digital dental models (128) according to the selection criteria. For IMTSD, the 6 variable
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14

Endo, Toshiya, Ryota Abe, Hiroo Kuroki, Kenji Oka, and Shohachi Shimooka. "Tooth Size Discrepancies among Different Malocclusions in a Japanese Orthodontic Population." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 6 (2008): 994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/101007-486.1.

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Abstract Objective: To identify the possible sex differences in anterior and overall tooth size ratios and to evaluate whether any differences exist in tooth size ratios and distributions of subjects with clinically significant tooth size discrepancies among Angle Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion groups with the corresponding skeletal characteristics in a Japanese population. Materials and Methods: Each malocclusion group comprised 60 subjects (30 males and 30 females). The mesiodistal width from first molar to first molar was measured on each pretreatment cast to the nearest 0.01
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Džemidžić, Vildana, Velida Nukić, and Alisa Tiro. "Tooth size discrepancy: Digital vs manual measurement." Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine 28, no. 2 (2024): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bjdm2402129d.

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Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of overall and anterior Bolton's ratio measurements obtained with an intraoral scanner compared to standard caliper measurements on plaster models. Material and Methods: This study included 33 subjects (18 female and 15 male), aged 12 to 18 years. All subjects were taken impression for the purpose of making study plaster models. In addition, all subjects underwent intraoral scanning for the purpose of creating digital models. Tooth width was measured with a caliper on plaster models, while digital models were analyzed using Ce
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Abd, Rahman A. N. A., and S. A. Othman. "Comparison of Tooth Size Discrepancy of Three Main Ethnics in Malaysia with Bolton's Ratio." Sains Malaysiana 41, no. 2 (2014): 271–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8319.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of Bolton's ratios in orthodontic population of Malaysian main ethnics; Malay, Chinese and Indians. Ninety convenient samples consisting of 30 pre-orthodontic study casts from each ethnic that fits the inclusion criteria were selected. The greatest mesiodistal widths of each tooth from six to six for overall ratio and three to three for anterior ratio were measured using a digital callipers linked to Hamilton Arch Tooth System software to the nearest 0.01mm. Means of the ratios were calculated using Bolton analysis. One sampl
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Bijaya Devi, Laishram, Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari, O. Brajachand Singh, and Jayabati Laiphangbam. "Evaluation of anterior and overall tooth size ratios by Bolton's analysis in North Eastern Indian population." Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section) 31, no. 2-4 (2017): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpfa.2017.07.002.

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18

Sakoda, Karine Laskos, Arnaldo Pinzan, Guilherme Janson, and Sérgio Elias Neves Cury. "Applicability of bolton’s tooth size ratios among mediterranean, japanese and japanese-brazilian populations." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 15, no. 4 (2017): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v15i4.8650038.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if Bolton’s tooth size ratios can be applied to Mediterranean, Japanese and Japanese-Brazilian populations. Materials and methods: The sample comprised 90 pairs of dental casts of untreated individuals with normal occlusion, divided into 3 groups according to ethnical characteristics: White (30 Mediterranean descendant subjects, with a mean age of 13.64 years), Japanese (30 subjects with Japanese ancestry, with a mean age of 15.63 years) and Japanese-Brazilian (30 Japanese-Brazilian subjects, with a mean age of 13.96 years). A digital caliper w
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19

K.M, Jamal. "Bolton Ratio in Different Groups of Malocclusions in Iraqi Population." Tikrit Journal for Dental Sciences 5, no. 1 (2023): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjds.5.1.3.

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It is important clinically to evaluate Bolton ratio and it influences the organizing of orthodontic management. The objective of the present study was to relate anterior and overall Bolton ratios in dissimilar Angle's malocclusion classes of Iraqi sample with Bolton’s standards, and also to find if there is any gender difference. This study involved dental casts from one hundred twenty subjects 14-25 years old divided into three main malocclusion groups Class I, Class II and Class III from Saladin city. Statistically no significant differences in anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios were record
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Sajal, K. K., Rishabh Gupta, Vikram Pai, Pooja Desai, Sudhir K. Mishra, and Jagadish Hosamani. "Applicability of Bolton’s Analysis: A Study on Tibetan Community." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 8 (December 1, 2018): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/apos.apos_126_17.

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Aim This study aimed to evaluate the anterior and overall ratios of Tibetan population residing at Mundgod and to compare the obtained ratios to the ratios available from Bolton’s study. Materials and Methods The study consists of randomly selected 120 samples of Tibetan population ranging in age from 15 to 25 years, residing at Mundgod, Karnataka (60 males and 60 females). After measuring the width of each tooth, overall and anterior ratios were measured using formula proposed by Bolton. Statistical Analysis Anterior and overall tooth ratios obtained from the study were compared to standard B
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Kusnoto, Joko. "THE RELIABILITY OF THE BOLTON RATIO WHEN APPLIED TO THE INDONESIAN POPULATION." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 10 (2017): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.20183.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether Bolton ratio can be applied clinically to the Indonesian population and to determine a more suitable Bolton ratio for the Indonesian population.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 readily available study models of treated cases comprising 37 males and 83 females. Two investigators separately measured the mesiodistal crown width of maxillary and mandibular tooth on each study model using sliding calipers. According to Bolton’s method, the overall and anterior ratios from each sample were calculated and the mean was generated. U
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22

Kumar, TV Pawan, and Prasad Chitra. "Determination of Bolton Norms for Indian Population Sample." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 7, no. 1 (2017): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v7i1.18899.

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Introduction: Tooth size discrepancy varies between different ethnic groups and races. Bolton’s tooth size norms were originally determined in Caucasian population.Objective: To determine tooth size ratios for maxillary and mandibular dentition in Telangana population of Indian sample and to compare the ratios with standard Bolton norms.Materials & Method: The study sample comprised of 300 subjects (150 males and 150 females) aged between 14-25 years having Angle’s Class 1 molar relationship. Study models of all subjects were prepared and mesiodistal dimensions were measured to determine m
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Ibrahim, Amanj R., Zana Q. Omer, Hasan S. Hasan, and Walaa M. Saleem Almola. "Bolton Ratio of Different Angle’s Classifications in a School Children Sample of Erbil City." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 2 (2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n2y2020.pp87-97.

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Aims of this study were to determine both the Bolton anterior and overall ratios in a representative sample of Erbil schoolchildren of Normal occlusion and Cl I, Cl II div I, div II, and Cl III malocclusion, also to find if there are any gender differences. Numerical data were obtained, comprised of 320 samples study casts of students with a mean age of 13–15 years selected from different schools in Erbil City. The casts were divided into 5 groups according to the type of malocclusion: Normal (n = 64), Cl I (n = 64), Class II div I (n = 64), Class II div II (n = 64), and Class III subjects (n
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Murmu, Dhyan Chand, Swati Saraswata Acharya, Anu Ranjan Das, and Bides Bhaumik. "Evaluation of Tooth Size and Dental Arch Ratio in Bengali Population Sample." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 3, no. 2 (2013): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i2.10072.

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Introduction: In order to maintain the proper relationship between upper and lower arch, Bolton proposed anterior ratio and overall ratio.
 Objective: To evaluate and compare the tooth size and arch size discrepancies between normal cases and Class I crowded cases of the Bengali population. To determine Bolton’s overall ratio and anterior ratio in the normal sample , and to identify the possible variation in tooth-arch size ratio in subjects in Bengali population.
 Materials & Method: A total of 60 maxillary and mandibular pretreatment dental study casts were taken and divided in
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Shrivastava, Rockey, Hemant Kumar Halwai, Sumit Kumar Yadav, et al. "A Study of Bolton’s Analysis on Permanent Dentition of Nepalese Citizen of Lumbini Province." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 13, no. 1 (2023): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v13i1.53630.

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Introduction: To achieve a good occlusion with satisfactory intercuspation of teeth and a correct overjet and overbite, the maxillary and mandibular teeth must be proportional in size. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the Bolton’s tooth size discrepancy in a sample of the Nepalese population of Lumbini Province. Materials and Method: One hundred twenty-fie study casts (50 males and 75 females) were made after making impression of individuals with normal occlusion. Impression was made using alginate impression material, studycasts were made using dental stone type III, and bas
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Machado, Vanessa, João Botelho, Paulo Mascarenhas, José João Mendes, and Ana Delgado. "A systematic review and meta-analysis on Bolton’s ratios: Normal occlusion and malocclusion." Journal of Orthodontics 47, no. 1 (2019): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312519886322.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to seek and summarise the Bolton overall index (OI) and anterior index (AI) regarding normal occlusion and Angle’s malocclusion according to gender, and to assess if these indices support Bolton’s standards as general references. Methods: PubMed, LILACS, Embase, CENTRAL and Google Scholar databases were searched up to June 2019 (CRD42018088438). Non-randomised clinical studies, published in English and assessing Bolton’s OI and/or AI in normal occlusion and Angle’s malocclusion groups, were included. OI and AI means, sample size and SDs were collecte
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Zylfiu-Latifi, Blertë, Blerim Kamberi, and Senka Meštrović. "Tooth size discrepancies in Kosovar adolescents with different malocclusion classes." Anthropological Review 86, no. 2 (2023): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.86.2.03.

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The goal of this study was to evaluate tooth size discrepancies in Kosovar adolescents according to the Bolton’s analysis, and to determine the differences between gender and malocclusion classes. A sample of 400 Kosovar adolescents, aged 13–19 years with various malocclusion categories (class I, II, III) according to the Angle’s classification, was randomly selected. The anterior tooth size ratio, overall tooth size ratio, posterior tooth size ratio, as well as distribution of tooth size discrepancies were assessed. The normality of distribution was assessed by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, th
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Leung, Eva Man Yee, Yanqi Yang, Balvinder Khambay, Ricky Wing Kit Wong, Colman McGrath, and Min Gu. "A Comparative Analysis of Tooth Size Discrepancy between Male and Female Subjects Presenting with a Class I Malocclusion." Scientific World Journal 2018 (July 15, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7641908.

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Objectives. To evaluate the tooth size discrepancy and Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects with a Class I malocclusion. Materials and Methods. The digital e-models of 100 male and 100 female 12-year-old southern Chinese children with a Class I malocclusion were selected. The mesiodistal widths from permanent first molar to the contralateral side first molar of the upper and lower dentitions were measured. Differences between the tooth size discrepancy, together with the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratios between male and female subjects, were assessed using a two-sample t-test.
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Paredes, Vanessa, Jose Luis Gandia, and Rosa Cibrian. "Do Bolton’s ratios apply to a Spanish population?" American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 129, no. 3 (2006): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.03.020.

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MUHAMMAD, HUSNAIN AKRAM, SHAHROZ ALI MUHAMMAD, and AZEEM MUHAMMAD. "Correlation between Bolton Ratios and Different Facial Types." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences P J M H S Vol. 11, NO. 4, OCT – DEC 2017 (2017): 1313. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4442441.

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Aim: To correlate the Bolton ratios with vertical facial types. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Orthodontics, Faisalabad medical university and de’Montmorency College of dentistry; in which 90 lateral cephalograms and plaster casts of untreated patients were included. The patients were divided into three groups as per facial type; mesofacial, dolichofacial and brachy facial. Bolton ratios were calculated on model while SNMP, MMA, and Jaraback ratio were calculated on lateral cephalograms. The data was correlated and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Lin
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Qasim, Ammar, Yousef Althomali, Nayef Felemban, Raghu Devanna, Abdulrahman Kariri, and Puneet Gupta. "Determination of Bolton’s Ratio in Different Malocclusions of the Western Region of Saudi Arabian Population: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study." Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research 8, no. 08 (2023): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjodr.2023.v08i08.004.

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Background: Bolton’s ratio is a useful tool in orthodontic studies which helps determine the ratio of dental proportions. It is considered the 7th key to normal occlusion. Variations in different malocclusions can aid in diagnosis and planning the treatment. This study determines Bolton’s overall and anterior ratios for male individuals with different classes of malocclusion in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Ninety-six study model records were obtained from male patients attending the Orthodontic division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry at Taif University, Saudi Ara
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Othman, S. A., and N. W. T. Harradine. "Tooth-size Discrepancy and Bolton’s Ratios: a literature review." Journal of Orthodontics 33, no. 1 (2006): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146531205225021384.

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Naidu, Devan, Justin Scott, Desmond Ong, and Christopher T. C. Ho. "Validity, reliability and reproducibility of three methods used to measure tooth widths for Bolton analyses." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 25, no. 2 (2009): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2009-0014.

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Abstract Background Vernier calipers have traditionally been used as the ‘gold-standard’ for tooth width measurements. New digital methods may prove to be as valid, reliable and reproducible as caliper measurements. Aims To determine the validity, reliability and reproducibility of mesio-distal crown measurements made with calipers, using the DigiModel method and on digital photographs, and to determine the validity, reliability and reproducibility when the measurements are employed in Bolton tooth size analyses. Methods Twenty-five consecutive study models were used. The maximum mesio-distal
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Pooja, Gudala, S. Vandana, Renu Sarah Samson, et al. "Simplified Formula versus Standard Bolton’s Analysis in the Analysis of Tooth Size Discrepancies among Different Malocclusion Groups during Orthodontic Treatment Planning: Establishing the New Norms." Journal of Medical Physics 50, no. 2 (2025): 391–97. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmp.jmp_85_25.

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Background and Aim: Absence of tooth size discrepancies is considered to be the seventh key for an ideal occlusion. The aim of the present study was to compare the standard Bolton’s analysis with the simplified analysis to evaluate tooth size discrepancies in the different malocclusion groups during orthodontic treatment planning. Materials and Methods: For the present study, 120 pretreatment orthodontic study models for subjects within an age group of 13–25 years were used, while the study models of each subject were measured at the largest mesio-distal dimension using a digital vernier calip
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Mulimani, Priti Subhash, Myra Innessa Binti Azmi, Nabilah Rashida Jamali, Nur Najaa Binti Md Basir, and Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe. "Bolton’s Tooth Size Discrepancy in Malaysian Orthodontic Patients: Are Occlusal Characteristics Such as Overjet, Overbite, Midline, and Crowding Related to Tooth Size Discrepancy in Specific Malocclusions and Ethnicities?" APOS Trends in Orthodontics 8 (March 1, 2018): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/apos.apos_104_17.

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Introduction Tooth size, occlusal traits, and ethnicity are closely interrelated, and their impact on desirable orthodontic treatment outcome cannot be underestimated. This study was undertaken to assess the occlusal characteristics and ethnic variations in occlusion of Malaysian orthodontic patients and evaluate their correlation with Bolton’s tooth size discrepancy. Materials and Methods On 112 pretreatment study models of orthodontic patients, molar relationship, overjet, overbite, spacing, crowding, midline shift, and Bolton’s ratios were assessed. ANOVA, one-sample t-test, Chi-squared tes
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Mohammad, Moaza Ghuloom, Shazia Naser-ud Din, Amar Hassan Khamis, and Athanasios E. Athanasiou. "Overall and Anterior Tooth Size Ratios in a Group of Emiratis." Open Dentistry Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 655–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901814010655.

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Objectives:The aims of this investigation in a group of Emiratis were (1) To study overall and anterior tooth size ratios in Class I normal occlusion, (2) To estimate overall and anterior tooth size ratios in different malocclusion groups, (3) To compare overall and anterior tooth size ratios in Class I normal occlusion with the Bolton standards, and (4) To determine the distribution of overall and anterior tooth size ratios ± 2 SD from Bolton mean values in all occlusion groups.Materials and Methods:In this cross-sectional investigation, consecutive patients’ files, including dental casts, we
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Parajuli, Umesh, Alok Kumar Jaiswal, Manish Bajracharya, Manju Pandey, and Sapna Laxmi Tuladhar. "Bolton tooth size discrepancy among different malocclusion groups in two different ethnic groups of Nepalese population." Orthodontic Journal of Nepal 11, no. 1 (2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v11i1.39041.

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Introduction: The tooth size ratios may vary among different ethnic groups and different malocclusion groups. The objective of this study is to see the tooth size discrepancies in two major ethnic groups of Nepal; Indo-Aryans and Tibeto-Burmans and different malocclusion groups and compare it with the Bolton’s study. Materials and Method: The anterior and overall ratios were compared between Indo-Aryans and Tibeto-Burmans according to different malocclusion groups with Bolton’s study with one sample t-test. The differences in ratios in ethnic groups and gender were seen with one sample t-test.
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Tariq, Samia Sattar Khan, Farah Saleem, Ehsan Haider, Faiza Malik, and Waqas. "Association of Bolton Discrepancy with Arch form and Sagittal Molar Relationship." Journal of Saidu Medical College Swat 15, no. 2 (2025): 213–17. https://doi.org/10.52206/jsmc.2025.15.2.990.

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Background: The Bolton analysis evaluates tooth size discrepancies to ensure optimal occlusion, with its influence across sagittal molar classes and arch forms remaining unclear.Objective: To compare anterior and overall Bolton ratios across different sagittal molar classes (Class I, II, III) and arch forms (ovoid, square, tapered) in orthodontic patients aged 13 to 35 yearsMaterials and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 90 cases, using consecutive, non-probability sampling techniques. Inclusion criteria included dental cases of both genders aged 13 to 35 years w
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Rakhshan, Vahid, Fataneh Ghorbanyjavadpour, and Negin Ashoori. "Buccolingual and Mesiodistal Dimensions of the Permanent Teeth, Their Diagnostic Value for Sex Identification, and Bolton Indices." BioMed Research International 2022 (February 10, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8381436.

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Introduction. We aimed (1) to measure the mesiodistal and buccolingual widths of the permanent dentition in Iranian orthodontic patients, (2) to determine cut-off points for sex identification based on the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters, and (3) to calculate Bolton indices. Methods. The mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of 28 maxillary and mandibular permanent teeth in 331 Iranian nonsyndromic orthodontic patients (dental casts and radiographs) aged 12 to 35 years old with fully erupted permanent dentitions (except the third molars and some sporadic cases of a few teeth missing o
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Mishra, Rajeev Kumar, Dashrath Kafle, and Rahul Gupta. "Analysis of Interarch Tooth Size Relationship in Nepalese Subjects with Normal Occlusion and Malocclusions." International Journal of Dentistry 2019 (November 18, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2761427.

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Introduction. A proportional relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth size is required for achieving good finish with proper overjet and overbite postorthodontic treatment. The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the anterior and overall Bolton’s ratio in Nepalese population, to compare Bolton’s ratio between subjects with normal occlusion, Class I malocclusion, and Class II malocclusion, to compare these results with Bolton’s norm, and to determine the frequency of clinically significant (beyond 2 SD) tooth size discrepancy compared to Bolton’s norm. Materials a
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Wadood, Sundas, Muhammad Saood, Aiman Mehmood Shah, Mahnoor Alam, Sara Shujaat, and Tahira Asghar. "COMPARISON OF OVERALL AND POSTERIOR BOLTON RATIOS OF SKELETAL CLASS II MALOCCLUSION BEFORE AND AFTER DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF FOUR PREMOLAR EXTRACTIONS IN A PAKISTANI POPULATION." Journal of Khyber College of Dentistry 13, no. 04 (2023): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33279/jkcd.v13i04.621.

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Objectives: To fi nd whether diff erent premolar extraction patterns change the overall Bolton ratio from 91.30%, and the posterior Bolton ratio from 105.27% among the Pakistani population in a skeletal class II malocclusion.Materials and Methods: This Quasi Experimental study was conducted at at the Orthodontics Department of Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar on 30 dental models of skeletal class II patients. A Digital Vernier Caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal widths of the teeth me-sial to the second molar. Overall and posterior Bolton ratios were calculated before and after hy
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J Jhala, Vishwajitsinh, Hina Desai, Mohammed Shahid Dal, Nikunj Patel, and Kalpesh Patel. "Bolton’s Ratios for Indian Population, Can We Follow The Ideal Standards Blindly?" IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences 13, no. 7 (2014): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0853-13726567.

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Mahankudo, Ganesh, Chetan Patil, M. Balagangadhar, V. Raghavendra, Prajyot Marawade, and Sagar Salunke. "Measurments of Bolton’s Tooth Width Ratios in Karnataka Population: A Preliminary Study." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 14, no. 2 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2016/23173.

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RUBBIA, NAWAZ, AZEEM MUHAMMAD, ABBAS HASHMI ALI, SHAKER MAHMOOD HAFIZ, and HUSNAIN AKRAM MUHAMMAD. "Correlation between Bolton Ratio and Incisal Inclination." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences P J M H S Vol. 12, NO. 3, JUL – SEP 2018 (2018): 1038. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4442457.

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Aim: To investigate whether the bolton’s ratio are correlated to the inclination of anterior teeth. Setting: Orthodontic department-de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Pakistan. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Orthodontic department-de’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Pakistan. In the present study 100 lateral cephalograms and plaster casts of untreated Class I malocclusion patients (18 boys, mean age:17.3±1.3 years; 12 girls, mean age: 17.0±1.7 years) were included.. Results: Statistically significant correlation existed between the Bolton
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Filipovic, Gordana, Mirjana Janosevic, and Maja Stosic. "Analysis of interjaw ratios in relation to permanent tooth size in subjects with class I malocclusion." Medical review 63, no. 5-6 (2010): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1006343f.

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Introduction. A certain ratio of maxillary to mandibular tooth size is very important for the proper occlusion formation. In regular occlusion, the teeth must be proportional to size. A discrepancy in tooth size between the mandibular and maxillary arch is usually the cause of disharmonious occlusion ratios. One of the most widespread methods in determining of discrepancy in tooth size between the upper and lower jaw is the Bolton analysis of mesiodistal width of permanent teeth. Material and methods. The subjects of both sexes with the permanent dentition and occlusive ratio of Angle Class I
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Endo, Toshiya, Kenji Uchikura, Katsuyuki Ishida, Isao Shundo, Kosuke Sakaeda, and Shohachi Shimooka. "Thresholds for Clinically Significant Tooth-Size Discrepancy." Angle Orthodontist 79, no. 4 (2009): 740–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/070208-339.1.

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Abstract Objective: To determine an appropriate threshold for clinically significant tooth-size discrepancy using both a Bolton standard deviation (SD) definition and a millimetric definition. Materials and Methods: Mesiodistal tooth widths were measured in 250 pretreatment dental casts of patients with Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. The anterior and overall ratios and the required amount of maxillary and mandibular corrections were calculated. The casts were divided into small, normal, and large groups according to the anterior and overall ratios categorized by the Bolton SD
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Al-Hamidi, Mokhtar, Mariam Jasim, and Wurood Dhayef. "Bolton’s Ratios for Patients with Different Angle’s Malocclusions Seeking Orthodontic Treatment in Kurdistan Region." Al-Rafidain Dental Journal 21, no. 2 (2021): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rden.2021.128919.1066.

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Othman, S. A., and N. W. Harradine. "Tooth-size discrepancy and Bolton’s ratios: the reproducibility and speed of two methods of measurement." Journal of Orthodontics 34, no. 4 (2007): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/146531207225022302.

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Al-Nimri, Kazem, Imad Adwan, Tareq Gharaibeh, and Abdalla M. Hazza’a. "Tooth size discrepancies in female patients with palatally impacted canines." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 24, no. 2 (2008): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-2008-0019.

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Abstract Background Small upper lateral incisors in patients with palatally impacted canines may contribute to inter-arch tooth size discrepancies. Aim To compare the Bolton ratios in female patients with and without unilateral palatally impacted canines. Methods The pretreatment dental casts of 30 female patients with unilateral palatally impacted canines (Impaction group) and 30 female patients without palatally impacted canines (Control group) were used. The latter were matched for age and incisor malocclusion with the Impaction group. The anterior and overall Bolton ratios were calculated
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Lew, K. K. K., and S. B. Keng. "Anterior crown dimensions and relationship in an ethnic Chinese population with normal occlusions." Australasian Orthodontic Journal 12, no. 2 (1991): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoj-1991-0019.

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Abstract Odontometric measurements of anterior tooth crown sizes in a Chinese sample of 85 Class I occlusions were similar to those published in the white population except for larger upper lateral incisors and smaller upper central incisors in Chinese. Sex differences in tooth sizes were seen only in the maxillary and mandibular canines while differences between antimeres were not significant. The Bolton ratios of our Chinese sample revealed a Bolton ratio of 77.89±1.62 for the combined mesio-distal widths of the six mandibular anterior teeth as compared to the combined mesio-distal widths of
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