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Journal articles on the topic 'Boltzmann's car'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Takahashi, K., S. Ueno, and N. Akaike. "Kinetic properties of T-type Ca2+ currents in isolated rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 1 (1991): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.1.148.

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1. T-type Ca2+ channels producing a transient inward current were studied in pyramidal neurons acutely isolated from the ventral portion of rat hippocampal CA1 region. Membrane currents were recorded by the suction-pipette technique, which allows for internal perfusion under a single-electrode voltage clamp. 2. In all cells superfused with external solution containing 10 mM Ca2+, the T-type Ca2+ current was evoked by step depolarization to potentials more positive than -60 mV from a holding potential of -100 mV and reached a peak in the current-voltage relationship around -30 mV at 20–22 degre

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2

Wang, Ren Guang, Bin Wang, and Han Wen Sun. "Temperature Development Model for Disk Brake." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.1155.

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The temperature increment process was measured on test rig for disk brake of some car. And the changing model of disk brake was built using Boltzmann equation. Orthogonal experimental with two factors and three levels were conducted. And the results were analyzed based on quadratic regression method to get parameters of equation. The model can be used in temperature prediction.

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3

Succi, Sauro, and Silvia Palpacelli. "Prospective Merger Between Car-Parrinello and Lattice Boltzmann Methods for Quantum Many-Body Simulations." Communications in Computational Physics 9, no. 5 (2011): 1137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.141009.091110s.

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AbstractFormal analogies between the Car-Parrinello (CP) ab-initio molecular dynamics for quantum many-body systems, and the Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method for classical and quantum fluids, are pointed out. A theoretical scenario, whereby the quantum LB would be coupled to the CP framework to speed-up many-body quantum simulations, is also discussed, together with accompanying considerations on the computational efficiency of the prospective CP-LB scheme.

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4

Li, Yanbing, and Xiaowen Shan. "Lattice Boltzmann method for adiabatic acoustics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1944 (2011): 2371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0109.

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The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been proved to be a useful tool in many areas of computational fluid dynamics, including computational aero-acoustics (CAA). However, for historical reasons, its applications in CAA have been largely restricted to simulations of isothermal (Newtonian) sound waves. As the recent kinetic theory-based reformulation establishes a theoretical framework in which LBM can be extended to recover the full Navier–Stokes–Fourier (NS) equations and beyond, in this paper, we show that, at least at the low-frequency limit (sound frequency much less than molecular collis

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5

Fazarinc, Zvonko. "Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein, Maxwell-Boltzmann, and computers." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 23, no. 5 (2015): 746–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.21647.

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6

van Leeuwen, Herman P., and Raewyn M. Town. "Electric condensation of divalent counterions by humic acid nanoparticles." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 1 (2016): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15055.

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Environmental context Humic acids are negatively charged soft nanoparticles that play a governing role in the speciation of many ionic and molecular compounds in the environment. The charge density in the humic acid nanoparticle can be very high and the binding of divalent cations such as Ca2+ appears to go far beyond traditional ion pairing or Poisson–Boltzmann electrostatics. A two-state approach, combining counterion condensation in the intraparticulate double layer and classical Donnan partitioning in the bulk of the particle, provides a satisfactory description of the physicochemical spec

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7

Liu, Haihu, and Yonghao Zhang. "Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Droplet Generation in a Microfluidic Cross-Junction." Communications in Computational Physics 9, no. 5 (2011): 1235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.231009.101110s.

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AbstractUsing the lattice Boltzmann multiphase model, numerical simulations have been performed to understand the dynamics of droplet formation in a microfluidic cross-junction. The influence of capillary number, flow rate ratio, viscosity ratio, and viscosity of the continuous phase on droplet formation has been systematically studied over a wide range of capillary numbers. Two different regimes, namely the squeezinglike regime and the dripping regime, are clearly identified with the transition occurring at a critical capillary number Cacr. Generally, large flow rate ratio is expected to prod

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8

Zhang, Zhong, Hai Lin, Chunhua Cao, Sandeep Khurana, and Thomas L. Pallone. "Voltage-gated divalent currents in descending vasa recta pericytes." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 299, no. 4 (2010): F862—F871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00321.2010.

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Multiple voltage-gated Ca2+ channel (CaV) subtypes have been reported to participate in control of the juxtamedullary glomerular arterioles of the kidney. Using the patch-clamp technique, we examined whole cell CaV currents of pericytes that contract descending vasa recta (DVR). The dihydropyridine CaV agonist FPL64176 (FPL) stimulated inward Ca2+ and Ba2+ currents that activated with threshold depolarizations to −40 mV and maximized between −20 and −10 mV. These currents were blocked by nifedipine (1 μM) and Ni2+ (100 and 1,000 μM), exhibited slow inactivation, and conducted Ba2+ > Ca2+ at

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9

Liu, Haihu, Yan Ba, Lei Wu, Zhen Li, Guang Xi, and Yonghao Zhang. "A hybrid lattice Boltzmann and finite difference method for droplet dynamics with insoluble surfactants." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 837 (December 21, 2017): 381–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.859.

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Droplet dynamics in microfluidic applications is significantly influenced by surfactants. It remains a research challenge to model and simulate droplet behaviour including deformation, breakup and coalescence, especially in the confined microfluidic environment. Here, we propose a hybrid method to simulate interfacial flows with insoluble surfactants. The immiscible two-phase flow is solved by an improved lattice Boltzmann colour-gradient model which incorporates a Marangoni stress resulting from non-uniform interfacial tension, while the convection–diffusion equation which describes the evolu

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10

Rossi, Corinne, Gerard Muratorio, Michael Friedjung, and Roberto Viotti. "Analysis of LBV circumstellar envelopes using FeII lines." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 113 (1989): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100004632.

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Emission and absorption lines of Fell frequently dominate the optical and UV spectra of LBVs. Many luminous blue stars possess a rich optical Fell emission line spectrum, which can be used as diagnostic of their extended atmospheres (Viotti 1976a). Since the launch ofIUEseveral LBVs were observed in UV, and in many cases (n Car, AG Car, P Cyg, Hubble Sandage variables, etc.) their spectra were found dominated by a large amount of Fell absorptions, presumably formed in cooler envelopes. Often these absorptions are so strong as to seriously affect the UV energy distribution. In order to study li

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11

Maricq, A. V., and J. I. Korenbrot. "Potassium currents in the inner segment of single retinal cone photoreceptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 6 (1990): 1929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.6.1929.

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1. The K+ currents of cone inner segments isolated from the retina of a lizard were studied with the use of tight-seal electrodes in the whole cell configuration. To conduct these studies other identified currents in the cell were blocked. Co2+ blocked a voltage-dependent Ca2+ current and a Ca2(+)-dependent Cl- current, and Cs+ blocked an inward-rectifying current partially carried by K+. 2. The cells sustained a voltage-dependent K+ current that was blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA)+ and had characteristics typical of the delayed rectifier. However, we found no evidence for the existence of

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Dash, T. P., S. Dey, S. Das, J. Jena, E. Mahapatra, and C. K. Maiti. "Source/Drain Stressor Design for Advanced Devices at 7 nm Technology Node." Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 10, no. 4 (2020): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666190809101307.

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Background:: In nano and microelectronics, device performance enhancement is limited by downscaling. Introduction of intentional mechanical stress is a potential mobility booster to overcome these limitations. This paper explores the key design challenges of stress-engineered FinFETs based on the epitaxial SiGe S/D at 7 nm Technology node. Objective:: To study the mechanical stress evolution in a tri-gate FinFET at 7 nm technology node using technology CAD (TCAD) simulations. Using stress maps, we analyze the mechanical stress impact on the transfer characteristics of the devices through devic

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13

Sonna, L. A., C. A. Hirshman, and T. L. Croxton. "Role of calcium channel blockade in relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle by extracellular Mg2+." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 271, no. 2 (1996): L251—L257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1996.271.2.l251.

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Magnesium ion (Mg2+) is a bronchodilator, but little is known about its mechanism of action on airways. We hypothesized that Mg2+ inhibits voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels of airway smooth muscle. Smooth muscle cells were freshly dispersed from pig trachea with collagenase. Depolarization-induced inward Ca2+ currents, measured in whole cell patch-clamp experiments, were inhibited by nifedipine and stimulated by BAY K 8644. Increasing bath Mg2+ from 1 to 21 mM caused a reversible approximately 30% inhibition of current and a positive shift of the peak current-voltage relationship. Voltage-depend

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14

Inoue, M., and I. Imanaga. "Masking of A-type K+ channel in guinea pig cardiac cells by extracellular Ca2+." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 264, no. 6 (1993): C1434—C1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1993.264.6.c1434.

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Removal of extracellular Ca2+ induced transient outward currents (Io) at membrane potentials more positive than 0 mV in the guinea pig cardiac cell. This current reached a peak within a few milliseconds of stimulation, then decreased exponentially. External Cd2+ (0.1 mM) mimicked the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ on Io. Addition of D 600 (1 microM) or quinidine (0.1 mM) in the perfusate produced a reversible suppression, and replacement of internal K+ with tetraethylammonium induced a complete inhibition of Io. The steady-state inactivation of the transient component of Io was expressed by a Boltz

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15

Cox, R. H., D. Katzka, and M. Morad. "Characteristics of calcium currents in rabbit portal vein myocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 263, no. 2 (1992): H453—H463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1992.263.2.h453.

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The properties of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels were studied in isolated portal vein myocytes using the whole cell voltage-clamp method. Ca2+ currents (ICa) were identified based on their activation and inactivation potential, their dependence on external Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o), their suppression by organic or inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers, their augmentation by BAY K 8644, and their insensitivity to tetrodotoxin or alterations in external Na+ ([Na+]o). Changing the holding potential from -90 to -40 mV decreased ICa from 4.6 +/- 0.6 to 2.0 +/- 0.3 pA/pF at 0 mV but did not shift its voltage depend

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16

Zhang, Jian, Xinhai Yu, and Shan-Tung Tu. "Lattice Boltzmann Simulation on Droplet Flow through 3D Metal Foam." Processes 7, no. 12 (2019): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7120877.

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The hydrodynamics of droplets passing through metal foam is investigated using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The accurate 3D porous structure for the simulation is generated by X-ray micro-computed tomography. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones using high-speed video. The simulated results show that for droplets passing metal foam, there is a critical capillary number, Cac (around 0.061), above which the droplet continues to deform until it breaks up. The simulated results show that the capillary number, droplet size, pores diameter, and thickness of m

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17

Sansom, S. C., and J. D. Stockand. "Differential Ca2+ sensitivities of BK(Ca) isochannels in bovine mesenteric vascular smooth muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 5 (1994): C1182—C1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.5.c1182.

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The planar bilayer method was used to characterize the properties of large Ca(2+)-activated K+ [BK(Ca)] channels of smooth muscle from bovine mesenteric arteries. We found two isochannels of BK(Ca), differing in sensitivity to Ca2+ on the intracellular side of the channel. The first isochannel, Kc1, had a single-channel conductance of 287 +/- 8 pS and required a potential of -33 mV to activate to an open probability (Po) of 0.5 with 1 microM Ca2+. The single-channel conductance of the second isochannel, Kc2 (282 +/- 8 pS), was not statistically different from that of Kc1 but required a potenti

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18

Stockand, J. D., and S. C. Sansom. "Large Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels responsive to angiotensin II in cultured human mesangial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 267, no. 4 (1994): C1080—C1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.4.c1080.

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The patch-clamp method was used to determine the properties and response to angiotensin II (ANG II) of K+ channels in subpassages of human mesangial cell cultures. In cell-attached patches, with 140 mM KCl in the bath and cell potential equal to 40 mV, the open probability (Po) of large K+ channels (MKCa) was 0.8 with 0.5 mM Ca2+ in the bath and < 0.05 if the bath Ca2+ concentration was reduced to 1.0 microM. Open and closed dwell-time histograms of MKCa displayed both fast and slow time constants. Addition of ANG II (100 nM) to the bath solution (Ca2+ = 1.0 microM) increased the Po of MKCa

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19

Gondrum, Miro, Sutharsan Satcunanathan, Ansgar Niemöller, Matthias Meinke, and Wolfgang Schröder. "A direct-hybrid CFD/CAA method based on lattice Boltzmann and acoustic perturbation equations." Acta Acustica 7 (2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2022062.

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The accuracy of two direct coupled two-step CFD/CAA methods is discussed. For the flow field either a finite-volume (FV) method for the solution of the Navier–Stokes equations or a lattice Boltzmann (LB) method is coupled to a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for the solution of the acoustic perturbation equations. The coupling takes advantage of a joint Cartesian mesh allowing for the exchange of the acoustic sources without MPI communication. An immersed boundary treatment of the acoustic scattering from solid bodies by a novel solid wall formulation is implemented and validated in the DG

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20

Shaikh, Rumana M. "Cardiovascular Diseases Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (2021): 1083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2426.

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A broad variety of health conditions are involved in heart disease. Several illnesses and disorders come under the heart disease umbrella. Heart disease forms include: In arrhythmia, abnormality of the heart rhythm. Arteriosclerosis, Hardening of the arteries is atherosclerosis. Via cardiomyopathy, this disorder causes muscles in the heart to harden or grow weak. Defects of the congenital heart, heart abnormalities that are present at birth are congenital heart defects. Disease of the coronary arteries (CAD), the accumulation of plaque in the heart's arteries triggers CAD. It's called ischemic

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21

Macianskiene, Regina, Francesco Moccia, Karin R. Sipido, Willem Flameng, and Kanigula Mubagwa. "Channels involved in transient currents unmasked by removal of extracellular calcium in cardiac cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 282, no. 5 (2002): H1879—H1888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00952.2001.

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In cardiac cells that lack macroscopic transient outward K+ currents ( I to), the removal of extracellular Ca2+ can unmask “ I to-like” currents. With the use of pig ventricular myocytes and the whole cell patch-clamp technique, we examined the possibility that cation efflux via L-type Ca2+channels underlies these currents. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ and extracellular Mg2+ induced time-independent currents at all potentials and time-dependent currents at potentials greater than −50 mV. Either K+ or Cs+ could carry the time-dependent currents, with reversal potential of +8 mV with internal K

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22

Reggiani, Susanna, Marina Valdinoci, Luigi Colalongo, Massimo Rudan, and Giorgio Baccarani. "An Analytical, Temperature-dependent Model for Majority- and Minority-carrier Mobility in Silicon Devices." VLSI Design 10, no. 4 (2000): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/52147.

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A new analytical model for carrier mobility in silicon is presented, which is strongly oriented to CAD and suitable for implementation in device simulators. The effects of the electric field, temperature, and doping concentration are accounted for. In particular, the model unifies the descriptions of majority- and minority-carrier mobility and includes the full temperature dependence. The effects of a high longitudinal field are included in the conventional velocity-saturation form; the doping dependence is also incorporated in the latter. The model has been worked out starting from a prelimin

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23

Rakhmankulova, Barna, Sayibdjan Mirzaev, and Mazhid Yusupov. "Numerical simulation of tasks of vertical viscoelastic oscillation of suspension systems of frame, engine, cabin and seat." E3S Web of Conferences 365 (2023): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202336501007.

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The analysis of the structures of the springing systems of modern vehicles showed that polymer composites are used in vehicles for which the decrease in curb weight is a critical indicator. The use of springs (suspensions) from polymer composites makes it possible to reduce the weight of the elastic element and increase durability while improving the smoothness of movement, reducing noise, and increasing traffic safety. When replacing the steel suspension with a polymer composite suspension, the mass of unsprung parts of the car decreases, and the economic performance of wheeled vehicles impro

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24

Hirano, Y., H. A. Fozzard, and C. T. January. "Characteristics of L- and T-type Ca2+ currents in canine cardiac Purkinje cells." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 256, no. 5 (1989): H1478—H1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.5.h1478.

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Two types of Ca2+ currents were recorded in single dialyzed canine cardiac Purkinje cells using a whole cell voltage clamp technique. T-type current was easily separated from L-type current, because its voltage dependence of inactivation and activation was more negative and it decayed rapidly. L-type current was available at more depolarized holding potentials, activated at more positive voltages, and decayed slowly. In 2 mM extracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca]o), the average peak T- and L-type current density was 1.70 and 2.87 pA/pF, respectively. T-type current was relatively insensitive

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25

Zhang, Yi-Mo, Zheng-Gang Su, Kang Luo, and Hong-Liang Yi. "Transient oscillation response characteristics of an electrohydrodynamic settling drop subjected to a uniform electric field." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (2022): 043601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086168.

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The transient oscillation response of an electrohydrodynamic settling drop under a uniform electric field is numerically investigated. The governing equations are solved in the lattice Boltzmann framework through the application of the leaky dielectric model and the pseudopotential model for the multi-phase electrohydrodynamic problem. A viscous drop with inertia is considered for non-density matched settling systems. Numerical simulations are performed over a range of electric capillary numbers CaE, Eotvos numbers Eo, and Ohnesorge numbers Oh. The results indicate that three typical developme

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26

Zhang, Xian, Ernest Puil, and David A. Mathers. "Effects of Intracellular Mg2+ on the Properties of Large-Conductance, Ca2+-Dependent K+ Channels in Rat Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle Cells." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 15, no. 6 (1995): 1066–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1995.133.

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The effects of intracellular magnesium ions, Mg2+i on large-conductance, Ca2+-dependent K+ channels (BK channels) of adult rat cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs) were studied using patch clamp techniques and cells enzymatically dispersed from basilar, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries. Recordings used inside-out membrane patches and took place at 20–24°C. One millimeter [Mg2+]i produced a fast block of BK channel currents, as well described by the Woodhull model of channel occlusion by a charged species. However, the affinity and voltage-sensitivity of Mg2+i block were dependen

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27

Liévano, A., E. C. Vega-SaenzdeMiera, and A. Darszon. "Ca2+ channels from the sea urchin sperm plasma membrane." Journal of General Physiology 95, no. 2 (1990): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.95.2.273.

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Ca2+ influx across the sea urchin sperm plasma membrane is a necessary step during the egg jelly-induced acrosome reaction. There is pharmacological evidence for the involvement of Ca2+ channels in this influx, but their presence has not been directly demonstrated because of the small size of this cell. Sea urchin sperm Ca2+ channels are being studied by fusing isolated plasma membranes into planar lipid bilayers. With this strategy, a Ca2+ channel has been detected with the following characteristics: (a) the channel exhibits a high mainstate conductance (gamma MS) of 172 pS in 50 mM CaCl2 sol

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28

Yeh, Te-Huei, Philippe Herman, Ming-Cheng Tsai, Patrice Tran Ba Huy, and Thierry Van Den Abbeele. "A cationic nonselective stretch-activated channel in the Reissner’s membrane of the guinea pig cochlea." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 274, no. 3 (1998): C566—C576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1998.274.3.c566.

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The Reissner’s membrane (RM) separates in the mammalian cochlea the K+-rich endolymph from the Na+-rich perilymph. The patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the transport mechanisms in epithelial cells of RM freshly dissected from the guinea pig cochlea. This study shows a stretch-activated nonselective cationic channel (SA channel) with a linear current-voltage relationship (23 pS) highly selective for cations over anions [K+ ≈ Na+ (1) > Ba2+ (0.65) > Ca2+ (0.32) ≫ Cl− (0.14)] and activated by the intrapipette gradient pressure. The open probability-pressure relationship is best

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29

Xiong, Z., N. Sperelakis, A. Noffsinger, and C. Fenoglio-Preiser. "Ca2+ currents in human colonic smooth muscle cells." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 269, no. 3 (1995): G378—G385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1995.269.3.g378.

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Voltage-gated Ca2+ currents were investigated in single smooth muscle cells freshly isolated from the circular layer of the human colon (ascending and descending portions) using the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. Tissue samples were obtained at the time of therapeutic surgery. In physiological salt solution (containing 2 mM Ca2+), an inward current was observed when the cell membrane was depolarized in the presence of tetrodotoxin. This current disappeared when Ca2+ was removed from the bath solution and was inhibited when Ca2+ channel blockers were applied, indicating that the inward cur

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KUMAR, D., C. WHITE, I. FAIRWEATHER, and J. G. McGEOWN. "Electrophysiological and pharmacological characterization of K+-currents in muscle fibres isolated from the ventral sucker ofFasciola hepatica." Parasitology 129, no. 6 (2004): 779–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004006110.

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Fibres isolated from the ventral sucker ofFasciola hepaticawere identified as muscle on the basis of their contractility, and their actin and myosin staining. They were voltage-clamped at a holding potential of −40 mV and depolarization-activated outward currents were characterized both electrophysiologically and pharmacologically. Activation was well fitted by a Boltzmann equation with a half-maximal potential of +9 mV and a slope factor of −14·3 mV, and the kinetics of activation and deactivation were voltage-sensitive. Tail current analysis showed that the reversal potential was shifted by

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31

Cao, Peng, Xiaoli Liu, Hang Bao, Jinzhu Yang, and Dazhe Zhao. "Restricted Boltzmann machines based oversampling and semi-supervised learning for false positive reduction in breast CAD." Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 26, s1 (2015): S1541—S1547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/bme-151453.

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Chen, Yu. "A parallel 3D image segmentation method for Coronary CT Angiography." ITM Web of Conferences 45 (2022): 01036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20224501036.

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Coronary artery (CA) disease is one of the major cardiovascular diseases that has been proved to be the leading cause of human death in world. In this paper, a 3D image segmentation algorithm based on Lattice Boltzmann (LB) is proposed for 3D CA segmentation. After investigating the behavior of Boundary Treatment schemes, a non-equilibrium extrapolation scheme is applied to keep the stability of the computation, and reduce the frequency of the re-initialization. The denoising and clipping method are also proposed for the segmentation refining. The segmentation result shows our LB model for 3D

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Markwardt, F., and G. Isenberg. "Gating of maxi K+ channels studied by Ca2+ concentration jumps in excised inside-out multi-channel patches (myocytes from guinea pig urinary bladder)." Journal of General Physiology 99, no. 6 (1992): 841–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.99.6.841.

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Currents through maxi K+ channels were recorded in inside-out macro-patches. Using a liquid filament switch (Franke, C., H. Hatt, and J. Dudel. 1987. Neurosci, Lett. 77:199-204) the Ca2+ concentration at the tip of the patch electrode ([Ca2+]i) was changed in less than 1 ms. Elevation of [Ca2+]i from less than 10 nM to 3, 6, 20, 50, 320, or 1,000 microM activated several maxi K+ channels in the patch, whereas return to less than 10 nM deactivated them. The time course of Ca(2+)-dependent activation and deactivation was evaluated from the mean of 10-50 sweeps. The mean currents started a approx

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Zhang, Qi, Jingyu Xiong, Yehua Cai, Jun Shi, Shugong Xu, and Bo Zhang. "Multimodal feature learning and fusion on B-mode ultrasonography and sonoelastography using point-wise gated deep networks for prostate cancer diagnosis." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik 65, no. 1 (2020): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2018-0136.

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AbstractB-mode ultrasonography and sonoelastography are used in the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). A combination of the two ultrasound (US) modalities using computer aid may be helpful for improving the diagnostic performance. A technique for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of PCa is presented based on multimodal US. Firstly, quantitative features are extracted from both B-mode US images and sonoelastograms, including intensity statistics, regional percentile features, gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features and binary texture features. Secondly, a deep network nam

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García-Colunga, J., R. Valdiosera, and U. García. "P-type Ca2+ current in crayfish peptidergic neurones." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 4 (1999): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.4.429.

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Inward Ca2+ current through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels was recorded from freshly dissociated crayfish X-organ (XO) neurones using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. Changing the holding potential from −50 to −90 mV had little effect on the characteristics of the current-voltage relationship: neither the time course nor the amplitude of the Ca2+ current was affected. Inactivation of the Ca2+ current was observed over a small voltage range, between −35 and −10 mV, with half-inactivation at −20 mV. The activation of the Ca2+ current was modelled using Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics. The time const

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Alotaiq, Nasser, and Doni Dermawan. "Evaluation of Structure Prediction and Molecular Docking Tools for Therapeutic Peptides in Clinical Use and Trials Targeting Coronary Artery Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 2 (2025): 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020462.

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This study evaluates the performance of various structure prediction tools and molecular docking platforms for therapeutic peptides targeting coronary artery disease (CAD). Structure prediction tools, including AlphaFold 3, I-TASSER 5.1, and PEP-FOLD 4, were employed to generate accurate peptide conformations. These methods, ranging from deep-learning-based (AlphaFold) to template-based (I-TASSER 5.1) and fragment-based (PEP-FOLD), were selected for their proven capabilities in predicting reliable structures. Molecular docking was conducted using four platforms (HADDOCK 2.4, HPEPDOCK 2.0, Clus

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Zeng, Xu-Hui, J. P. Ding, Xiao-Ming Xia та Christopher J. Lingle. "Gating Properties Conferred on Bk Channels by the β3b Auxiliary Subunit in the Absence of Its Nh2- and Cooh Termini". Journal of General Physiology 117, № 6 (2001): 607–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.117.6.607.

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Both β1 and β2 auxiliary subunits of the BK-type K+ channel family profoundly regulate the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity of BK-type Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Each produces a pronounced leftward shift in the voltage of half-activation (V0.5) at a given Ca2+ concentration, particularly at Ca2+ above 1 μM. In contrast, the rapidly inactivating β3b auxiliary produces a leftward shift in activation at Ca2+ below 1 μM. In the companion work (Lingle, C.J., X.-H. Zeng, J.-P. Ding, and X.-M. Xia. 2001. J. Gen. Physiol. 117:583–605, this issue), we have shown that some of the apparent β3b-mediated shift i

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Martin, R. J., P. Thorn, K. A. Gration, and I. D. Harrow. "Voltage-activated currents in somatic muscle of the nematode parasite Ascaris suum." Journal of Experimental Biology 173, no. 1 (1992): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.173.1.75.

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1. Voltage-activated currents in cell bodies of the somatic muscle cells of Ascaris suum were studied using a two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. Cells recorded from had resting membrane potentials around -35 mV and had input conductances in the range 1-10 microS. 2. In cells bathed in artificial perienteric fluid, depolarizing steps from a holding potential of -35 mV elicited outward currents at a threshold of -15 mV. These currents had inwardly directed inflections on the rising phase, suggesting the presence of more than one current. Hyperpolarizing steps did not activate current. 3

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Cui, J., D. H. Cox, and R. W. Aldrich. "Intrinsic Voltage Dependence and Ca2+ Regulation of mslo Large Conductance Ca-activated K+ Channels." Journal of General Physiology 109, no. 5 (1997): 647–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.109.5.647.

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The kinetic and steady-state properties of macroscopic mslo Ca-activated K+ currents were studied in excised patches from Xenopus oocytes. In response to voltage steps, the timecourse of both activation and deactivation, but for a brief delay in activation, could be approximated by a single exponential function over a wide range of voltages and internal Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca]i). Activation rates increased with voltage and with [Ca]i, and approached saturation at high [Ca]i. Deactivation rates generally decreased with [Ca]i and voltage, and approached saturation at high [Ca]i. Plots of the m

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Yamoah, E. N., and T. Crow. "Two components of calcium currents in the soma of photoreceptors of Hermissenda." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 3 (1994): 1327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.3.1327.

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1. The proposed mechanism of cellular plasticity underlying classical conditioning of Hermissenda involves Ca2+ influx through voltage-activated channels. This influx triggers several molecular cascades and leads to the phosphorylation of K+ channels in identified photoreceptors. We studied Ca2+ currents from isolated photoreceptors of Hermissenda with the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Two distinct Ca2+ currents were identified in isolated photoreceptors on the basis of differences in their voltage dependence, kinetics, and pharmacology. 2. One Ca2+ current was transient (ICa(t)), with a f

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Song, Wen-Jie, Yosuke Baba, Takeshi Otsuka, and Fujio Murakami. "Characterization of Ca2+ Channels in Rat Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 5 (2000): 2630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.5.2630.

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The subthalamic nucleus (STN) plays a key role in motor control. Although previous studies have suggested that Ca2+ conductances may be involved in regulating the activity of STN neurons, Ca2+ channels in this region have not yet been characterized. We have therefore investigated the subtypes and functional characteristics of Ca2+ conductances in STN neurons, in both acutely isolated and slice preparations. Acutely isolated STN cells were identified by retrograde filling with the fluorescent dye, Fluoro-Gold. In acutely isolated STN neurons, Cd2+-sensitive, depolarization-activated Ba2+ curren

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Bradley, J. E., U. A. Anderson, S. M. Woolsey, K. D. Thornbury, N. G. McHale, and M. A. Hollywood. "Characterization of T-type calcium current and its contribution to electrical activity in rabbit urethra." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 286, no. 5 (2004): C1078—C1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00463.2003.

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Rabbit urethral smooth muscle cells were studied at 37°C by using the amphotericin B perforated-patch configuration of the patch-clamp technique, using Cs+-rich pipette solutions. Two components of current, with electrophysiological and pharmacological properties typical of T- and L-type Ca2+ currents, were recorded. Fitting steady-state inactivation curves for the L current with a Boltzmann equation yielded a V1/2 of -41 ± 3 mV. In contrast, the T current inactivated with a V1/2 of -76 ± 2 mV. The L currents were reduced by nifedipine (IC50 = 225 ± 84 nM), Ni2+ (IC50 = 324 ± 74 μM), and mibef

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Zhang, B., and R. M. Harris-Warrick. "Calcium-dependent plateau potentials in a crab stomatogastric ganglion motor neuron. I. Calcium current and its modulation by serotonin." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 5 (1995): 1929–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.1929.

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1. Using current- and voltage-clamp techniques, we examined the biophysical properties of a voltage-dependent Ca2+ current and its physiological role in plateau potential generation in the dorsal gastric (DG) motor neuron of the stomatogastric ganglion in the crab, Cancer borealis. 2. Stimulation of one of a set of identified serotonergic/cholinergic mechanosensory cells, the gastropyloric receptor (GPR) cells, induced plateau potentials in DG. A brief pressure application of serotonin (5-HT) closely mimicked the effect of the GPR cells. The 5-HT-evoked plateau in DG was not blocked by the sod

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Chen, C., and G. G. Schofield. "Differential neuromodulation of calcium currents by norepinephrine in rat sympathetic neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 4 (1993): 1440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.4.1440.

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1. Differences in the neuromodulation of Ca2+ currents between superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and more caudal paravertebral ganglion (PVG) neurons acutely isolated from the same rats were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. 2. Norepinephrine (NE) induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of Ca2+ currents in both SCG and PVG neurons. The concentration producing 50% inhibition (IC50) for NE estimated from concentration-response curves was similar between SCG and PVG neurons but the maximal inhibition estimated from the concentration-response curve for PVG neurons was de

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Yamashita, Toshikazu, and Shinichiro Kokubun. "Nonselective cationic currents activated by acetylcholine in swine tracheal smooth muscle cells." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 77, no. 10 (1999): 796–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y99-069.

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Membrane currents in isolated swine tracheal smooth muscle cells were investigated using a pipette solution containing BAPTA-Ca2+ buffer and Cs+ as the major cation. With a pipette solution containing 100 nM free Ca2+, acetylcholine (ACh; 1-100 µM), in a concentration-dependent manner, activated a current without inducing shortening of cells, although neither 1 mM histamine nor 1 µM leukotriene D4 activated the current (n = 7, n is the number of cells). The effect of 100 µM ACh was suppressed by pretreatment with 100 µM atropine (n = 6) or intracellular application of preactivated pertussis to

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Mak, Don-On Daniel, and J. Kevin Foskett. "Single-Channel Kinetics, Inactivation, and Spatial Distribution of Inositol Trisphosphate (IP3) Receptors in Xenopus Oocyte Nucleus." Journal of General Physiology 109, no. 5 (1997): 571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.109.5.571.

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Single-channel properties of the Xenopus inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) ion channel were examined by patch clamp electrophysiology of the outer nuclear membrane of isolated oocyte nuclei. With 140 mM K+ as the charge carrier (cytoplasmic [IP3] = 10 μM, free [Ca2+] = 200 nM), the IP3R exhibited four and possibly five conductance states. The conductance of the most-frequently observed state M was 113 pS around 0 mV and ∼300 pS at 60 mV. The channel was frequently observed with high open probability (mean Po = 0.4 at 20 mV). Dwell time distribution analysis revealed at least two kinetic s

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Bertram, Edward H. "How Epilepsy Changes Sodium Channels." Epilepsy Currents 3, no. 2 (2003): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7597.2003.03215.x.

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Induction of Neonatal Sodium Channel II and III α-Isoform mRNAs in Neurons and Microglia After Status Epilepticus in the Rat Hippocampus Aronica E, Yankaya B, Troost D, van Vliet EA, Lopes da Silva FH, Gorter JA Eur J Neurosci 2001;13(6):1261 Sodium channels (NaChs) regulate neuronal excitability in both physiologic and pathological conditions, including epilepsy, and are therefore an important target for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In the present study, we examined the distribution of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding neonatal NaChs II and III α-isoforms in control rat hippocampus and after ele

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Mlinar, B., B. A. Biagi, and J. J. Enyeart. "Voltage-gated transient currents in bovine adrenal fasciculata cells. I. T-type Ca2+ current." Journal of General Physiology 102, no. 2 (1993): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.102.2.217.

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The whole cell version of the patch clamp technique was used to identify and characterize voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in enzymatically dissociated bovine adrenal zona fasciculata (AZF) cells. The great majority of cells (84 of 86) expressed only low voltage-activated, rapidly inactivating Ca2+ current with properties of T-type Ca2+ current described in other cells. Voltage-dependent activation of this current was fit by a Boltzmann function raised to an integer power of 4 with a midpoint at -17 mV. Independent estimates of the single channel gating charge obtained from the activation curve and

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Kerschbaum, Hubert H., and Michael D. Cahalan. "Monovalent Permeability, Rectification, and Ionic Block of Store-operated Calcium Channels in Jurkat T Lymphocytes." Journal of General Physiology 111, no. 4 (1998): 521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.111.4.521.

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We used whole-cell recording to characterize ion permeation, rectification, and block of monovalent current through calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channels in Jurkat T lymphocytes. Under physiological conditions, CRAC channels exhibit a high degree of selectivity for Ca2+, but can be induced to carry a slowly declining Na+ current when external divalent ions are reduced to micromolar levels. Using a series of organic cations as probes of varying size, we measured reversal potentials and calculated permeability ratios relative to Na+, PX/PNa, in order to estimate the diameter of the c

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Shirokov, R., R. Levis, N. Shirokova, and E. Ríos. "Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels does not affect their voltage sensor." Journal of General Physiology 102, no. 6 (1993): 1005–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.102.6.1005.

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Inactivation of currents carried by Ba2+ and Ca2+, as well as intramembrane charge movement from L-type Ca2+ channels were studied in guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Prolonged (2 s) conditioning depolarization caused substantial reduction of charge movement between -70 and 10 mV (charge 1, or charge from noninactivated channels). In parallel, the charge mobile between -70 and -150 mV (charge 2, or charge from inactivated channels) was increased. The availability of charge 2 depended on the conditioning pulse voltage as the sum of two Boltzmann compon

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