Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bombardement ionique – Modèles mathématiques'
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Vireton, Eric. "Contribution à la modélisation de la pulvérisation par faisceaux d'ions." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10132.
Full textSamson, Éric. "Modélisation numérique du transport ionique dans les matériaux cimentaires non saturés." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18188.
Full textDuval, Victor. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique du fonctionnement d'un four de stockage de tritium." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132005.
Full textFaucheux, Jean-François. "Influence du substrat semi-isolant sur les caractéristiques électriques des transistors à effet de champ Ga As réalisés par implantation ionique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ESAE0013.
Full textElmachtani-Idrissi, Jamila. "Etude théorique de la conductivité infrarouge du polyacétylène. Modélisation des systèmes neutres, systèmes dopés et de l'effet photoinduit." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20113.
Full textVon, Bandel Sylvie. "Traitement thermique rapide et localisé de trempe et de cémentation des aciers par bombardement électronique : étude structurale et analytique." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD558.
Full textLatocha, Vladimir. "Deux problèmes en transport des particules chargées intervenant dans la modélisation d'un propulseur ionique." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002194.
Full textThe modelling of the ionic thruster belonging to the SPT class raises many problems of plasma physics. We studied two of them, namely the electron transport and the computation of the electric potential. The electron transport is subject to the influence of the fields (magnetic and electric) set in the channel of the thruster on the one hand, and to the collisions of electrons with heavy species and at the walls on the oher hand. We participated to the development of a SHE model, wich is derived by performing an asymptotic analysis of the Boltzmann equation with a condition that models the reflection at the walls. This model allow to approximate the Electron Energy Distribution Function by solving a diffusion equation in the {position, energy} space, whose scales are macroscopic. More precisely, we extended an existing approach to the case where scattering against atoms are taken into account, as well as inelastic collisions at the walls. Then we compared the implementation of this model tot the results of a Monte Carlo simulation. We obtain similar results at a very reduced computational cost. This work lead to three publications, which are incorporated to the thesis. In a second stage, we studied the computation of the electric field in two dimensions. Due to the presence of a magnetic field, this problem gives rise to an anisotropic elliptic problem. Furthermore, the conductivities along the magnetic field and across the magnetic field lines can differ by several orders of magnitude. We implemented a finite volume scheme and we showed the numerical difficulties raised by such anisotropies. Hence, we improved this method by relating the solution of a highly anisotropic problem to a sequence of isotropic problems. This method proved to behabe well and we should be able to treat realistic cases shortly
Valsaque, Fabrice. "Contribution à l'étude cinétique de l'interaction entre un plasma et une paroi : applications à la mesure de la température des ions par sondes ou par fluorescence induite par laser." Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10254.
Full textThe plasma-wall interaction is studied by means of a kinetic model based on the Vlasov-Poisson equations. This model is particularly relevant to low pressure plasmas, such as those used in fusion or surface etching. With the help of analytical and numerical computations, we model the perturbations induced by a solid surface on a plasma in order to improve the ion temperature measurements. Firstly, we show how to significantly correct the measurements from probes by taking into account their own interaction with the plasma. Secondly, we point out the overestimation of the measurements from laser induced fluorescence when the spatial resolution is too low (which is usually the case in the vicinity of a surface). So as to remedy this problem without changing the apparatus, we give a method to achieve a deconvolution of the spectroscopic measurements
Rochon, Jonathan. "Étude de la focalisation d’un faisceau ionique à la pression atmosphérique par des lentilles électrostatiques annulaires minces, dans une décharge couronne en configuration pointe-plan." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30312/30312.pdf.
Full textGagnon, Frédérick. "Modélisation par éléments finis du transport électrochimique des espèces ioniques dans une cuve Hall-Héroult." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28758/28758.pdf.
Full textBigenwald, Pierre. "Modification des propriétés optiques des structures doubles puits quantiques GaAs-(Ga,In)As sous l'effet d'un champ électrique." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20005.
Full textRouland, Solene. "Etude expérimentale des cinétiques de diffusion et de la ségrégation induite sous irradiation d'alliages modèles et industriel austénitiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR050.
Full textRadiation induced segregation (RIS) is a process identified to be involved in most of the degradation mechanisms of austenitic stainless steels core components of nuclear reactors. During irradiation within the operating temperature range of present and possible prototypes of future reactors, chemical elements of reactor internal metallic components redistribute heterogeneously and segregate on the pre-existent and newly created defects. Local enrichments or depletions levels depend, inter alia, on the element and nature of the defect affected. While mechanisms involved in RIS have already been identified, their kinetics and mutual weigh are still poorly known. Indeed, current theorical models of RIS suffer from a lack of experimental data. These two aspects motivated this study. First, by the determination of interdiffusion kinetics after thermal ageing and under irradiation on model alloys in the Fe-Ni-Cr system. Irradiation effect on diffusion have been studied at 440°C. At this temperature, conventional methods to study diffusion fail to give access to such slow kinetics under reasonable time. Experimental implementation of the nanolayers method on binary and ternary alloys gave, in this case, encouraging results. However, discrepancies between experiments and predictions revealed the need of optimizations on both sides. In the framework of this study, recommendations have been established to account for the effect of the microstructure and the selected ageing conditions on measured effective kinetics. Experiments on model alloys have the great interest to be directly confronted to simulation. Nevertheless, nuclear steels contain a large variety of minor alloying elements and impurities which have shown to play a key role on RIS behaviour. Thus, in a second part, RIS study on various bulk defects of an optimized nuclear austenitic stainless steel, a 316L(N) has been performed. Consequently, nanoscale coupled and correlated techniques (Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Eelectron Microscopy) have been implemented. Techniques complementarity offered the possibility to associate enrichments to defect crystallography and revealed singular tendencies of RIS depending on the element and the defect involved. Furthermore, a higher nitrogen and niobium content in the steel nominal composition formed primary Z-phase, its stability under irradiation had also been for the first time studied in austenitic stainless steels
Monrolin, Nicolas. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de la propulsion électrohydrodynamique dans l'air." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0086/document.
Full textThe Biefeld-Brown effect, named after its discoverers in 1920s, stands for the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force applied on two high voltage electrodes in air. The origin of this force has been subject to controverse, but it is establised that it relies on the acceleration of ionized air by a strong electric field. Numerous applications are associated with ionic wind : active flow control, heat transfer enhancement, food drying or even propulsion. At the first glance, the low efficiency is unattractive for propulsion. However recent experiments highlighted a surprisingly high thrust/power ratio. This PhD research aimed to better understand the phenomena, through experiments and theoretical or numerical analysis. First, an experimental study was carried out to quantify the EHD force and its variations with the geometry of the electrodes. For instance, the best position of two collecting electrodes could produce nearly twice more thrust than the one collector configuration, for a given applied voltage. Considering the mass and the aerodynamic of some already existing very light aircrafts, it is shown that the produced thrust could at most balance the aerodynamic drag. This first results were enhanced by PIV measurements, which gave deeper insight into the flow and the force field between the electrodes. The air speed recorded was at most around 3 m/s, while the volumetric force of the order of 10 N/m3. The physical explaination of the optimal two collectors configuration relied partially on the wake flow structures and their unsteady effects. Then, a theoretical analysis of the propulsive force confirmed its explicit dependence on the current to mobility ratio. The discharge current being determined by the corona discharge physics, the second part of this work focuses on its theoretical and numerical analysis. An asymptotic approach of the corona discharge for concentric cylindrical electrodes led to an explicit expression of both the onset surface electric field and the current-voltage law as functions of the gas density, the effective ionization coefficient and the electrodes size. This asymptotic approach was reformulated in the frame of a domain decomposition method, implemented numerically with a finite elements discretization, in order to generalize the asymptotic approach. The iterative algorythm for the steady non-linear coupled system of equations is based on Newton method. This method provides a physically relevant boundary condition for the charge injection and can be applied to more complex geometries
Flandre, Xavier. "Nouvelles électrodes pour pile à combustible à oxyde solide et électrolyseur à haute température." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10182/document.
Full textIn the current context, fossil energy resources decrease and become more expensive, in addition to environmental concern. In this frame, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) are a promising green alternative energy source. Reversibly used, this system can also allow storage of electricity produced intermittently through the electrolysis of water. However, several bottlenecks still remain in terms of performances and stability of materials currently used to improve their lifetime and decrease their working temperature. In this doctoral thesis, our contribution focused on two cathode materials for SOFCs, Ba2Co9O14 and Ca3Co4O9+δ, and compounds derived from La4Ti2O10 which may be relevant as anode material. Our study mainly focused on the understanding of the physicochemical mechanisms involved in these materials by using impedance spectroscopy. For cobaltites, this study has led to the identification of the limiting parameters and will help the future optimization of complete stacks with better performances. For the La4Ti2O10 derived phases with the cuspidine structure, a neutron scattering study confirmed the oxygen diffusion mechanisms in these materials. However, their conductivity and catalytic properties remain insufficient to hope to use these compounds as SOFC’s anode, unlike other lanthanum titanates which display a layered perovskite structure
Pedesseau, Laurent. "Modélisation atomique à l'équilibre de phases, périphases et interphases : vers l'application à des cristaux hydratés." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30286.
Full textThe setting and hardening of materials used in civil engineering (plaster, C-S-H) are based on interactions between crystals and ionic solutions. These interactions involve equilibriums between phases, their boundaries (referred to as periphases) and phases confined between periphases (referred to as interphases). Part 1, "Concepts, methods and tools", first introduces the pheno-corpuscular concept proposed for the study of these equilibriums that cannot be addressed in a macroscopic approach via the statistical physics or in a corpuscular approach alone. Among the original methods presented, the SASP method opens up the pheno-corpuscular pathway in physicochemistry; then is presented the OPTASYM method using molecular modelling to propose positions of H atoms unknown in certain crystalline structures; finally is exposed the CAC method based on a simultaneous use of AFM experiment and simulation. The original numerical tools are mainly devoted to joint crystal/solution processing, an area that is still at its beginnings in molecular modelling. Part 2, "Mass equilibrium of phases, periphases and interphases" first addresses the build-up of complete crystal atomic structures (gypsum, ettringite and thaumasite), of molecules and ions structures and of solution structures, the SASP method leading numerically, in this last case, to the fundamental relation between concentrations and chemical potentials. Once these structures have been defined, their interactions are first handled by docking between the crystalline faces and molecules or ions. The crystal/solution/crystal interaction is then presented using SASP, in the case of a saturated solution of gypsum. Whence, for the first time, the structure of an interphase of thickness < 1 nm. Part 3, "Mechanical equilibrium of phases, periphases and interphases", consists, first of all, of a critical study of estimation by molecular modelling of the total stresses of ionic crystals and solutions. The introduction of calculation of partial stresses, which cannot be performed by experiment, is particularly promising for linking macroscopic failure strength and atomic structure. Mechanical equilibrium between phases, periphases and interphases is first examined in normal displacement of various pairs of faces (120), (010) or (-101) until adhesion failure, the solution interphase (CaSO4, CaCl2 or Na2SO4) being in a non-equilibrium ionic situation (to simulate transitory or isolated states), possibly with citric acid. The study is then repeated in an equilibrium ionic situation using the SASP method for the gypsum faces (120) in a saturated solution. Finally, a first illustration of an interphase shearing is given in the case of faces (120), with a non-equilibrated solution of CaSO4 and citric acid. The conclusion underlines the progress made in this work on crystal/solution atomic modelling and its prospects within the overall pheno-corpuscular approach
Dilmahomed, Bocus Sadeck. "Test sans contact des circuits intégrés CMOS : observabilité et contrôlabilité du Latchup par microscopie électronique à balayage et microscopie à émission." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20079.
Full textNelson, David. "Modélisation des données de base ioniques appliquées à l'étude électrique des réacteurs plasmas de dépollution des gaz d'échappement." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30097.
Full textThese research works are devoted to the determination of ion swarm basic data in gases and atmospheric gas mixtures and to the numerical simulation of charged particles transport in cold non thermal plasmas. With regard to the ion swarm data, it concerns the determination of the interaction potential, the collision cross section sets of both elastic and inelastic processes and the transport coefficients (drift velocity, reduced mobility, diffusion and reaction coefficients) specific for each ion-molecule system in flue gases including N2, O2, CO2 and H2O molecules. .
Bashtova, Kateryna. "Modélisation et identification de paramètres pour les empreintes des faisceaux de haute énergie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4112/document.
Full textThe technological progress demands more and more sophisticated and precise techniques of the treatment of materials. We study the machining of the material with the high energy beams: the abrasive waterjet, the focused ion beam and the laser. Although the physics governing the energy beam interaction with material is very different for different application, we can use the same approach to the mathematical modeling of these processes.The evolution of the material surface under the energy beam impact is modeled by PDE equation. This equation contains a set of unknown parameters - the calibration parameters of the model. The unknown parameters can be identified by minimization of the cost function, i.e., function that describes the differ- ence between the result of modeling and the corresponding experimental data. As the modeled surface is a solution of the PDE problem, this minimization is an example of PDE-constrained optimization problem. The identification problem was regularized using Tikhonov regularization. The gradient of the cost function was obtained both by using the variational approach and by means of the automatic differentiation. Once the cost function and its gradient calculated, the minimization was performed using L-BFGS minimizer.For the abrasive waterjet application the problem of non-uniqueness of numerical solution is solved. The impact of the secondary effects non included into the model is avoided as well. The calibration procedure is validated on both synthetic and experimental data.For the laser application, we presented a simple criterion that allows to distinguish between the thermal and non-thermal laser ablation regimes