Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bond characteristic

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bond characteristic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bond characteristic"

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Chen, Mei Wei, Ju Long Yuan, Yi Yang, and Dong Qiang Yu. "The Characteristic of Organic Bond Grinding Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.63.

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The bond in a grinding wheel cements the abrasive grains together, Among other factors, the bond plays a predominant part in the grinding wheel performances and on the quality of grinding results. This paper presents a literature review on organic bond grinding wheels. It discusses the characteristic of the bond and the grinding performances of the two mainly types of organic bond [1] grinding wheels: the resin bond grinding wheel and the soft-elastic grinding wheel. This paper provide a conclusion of the studying state of organic grinding wheel, which new studying can draw lesson from.
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Chairunnnisa, Ubudia Hiliaily, Abdul Hoyyi, and Hasbi Yasin. "PEMODELAN TRANSFORMASI FAST-FOURIER PADA VALUASI OBLIGASI KORPORASI (Studi Kasus: PT. Bank Danamon Tbk, PT. Bank CIMB Niaga Tbk, dan PT. Bank UOB Indonesia Tbk)." Jurnal Gaussian 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v10i1.30937.

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The basic assumption that is often used in bond valuations is the assumption on the Black-Scholes model. The practical assumption of the Black-Scholes model is the return of assets with normal distribution, but in reality there are many conditions where the return of assets of a company is not normally distributed and causing improperly developed bond valuation modeling. The Fast-Fourier Transform model (FFT) was developed as a solution to this problem. The Fast-Fourier Transformation Model is a Fourier transformation technique with high accuracy and is more effective because it uses characteristic functions. In this research, a modeling will be carried out to calculate bond valuations designed to take advantage of the computational power of the FFT. The characteristic function used is the Variance Gamma, which has the advantage of being able to capture data return behavior that is not normally distributed. The data used in this study are Sustainable Bonds I of Bank Danamon Phase I Year 2019 Series B, Sustainable Bonds II of Bank CIMB Niaga II Phase IV Year 2018 Series C, Sustainable Subordinated Bonds II of Bank UOB Indonesia Phase II 2019. The results obtained are FFT model using the Variance Gamma characteristic function gives more precise results for the return of assets with not normal distribution. Keywords: Bonds, Bond Valuation, Black-Scholes, Fast-Fourier Transform, Variance Gamma
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Son, Byung-Lak, Myung-Sik Kim, Chung-Ho Kim, and Heui-Suk Jang. "Bond Characteristic Between Lightweight Concrete and GFRP Bar." Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection 17, no. 6 (November 30, 2013): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2013.17.6.112.

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Zhao, Ping, K. F. Tang, Zhi Wei Wang, Jia Jie Chen, Ju Long Yuan, and X. H. He. "On the Characteristic Parameters of the Semi-Fixed Abrasive Plate." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.291.

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To evaluate the characteristics of semi-fixed abrasive plate (SAP), several parameters and relevant measurement methods are developed. The characteristic parameters include shore hardness, compression ratio, resilience ratio and shear strength. Five semi-fixed abrasive plates are manufactured with different bond concentration. The test results of five characteristic parameters of the SAP show the shore hardness, resilience ratio and shear strength increase, and compression ratio decreases with the bond concentration increasing. This test can provide instructive guides to the manufacture of SAP which can fit different occasions by changing the concentration of adhesives.
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Li, Zhan Hui, Yun Xin Wu, and Zhi Li Long. "Effect of Contact Interface on Ultrasonic Characteristic of Wire Bond Transducer." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2350.

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For improving the bonding strength of chip and vibration stability, propagation characteristics of ultrasonic wave across contact interface in wire bonding transducer was investigated in this paper. The rough contact interface is studied. The propagation characteristic is equivalent to the spring-mass model. The spring-mass model of ultrasonic propagation through contact interface was established. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of ultrasonic is related to the stiffness of the contact interface. Aluminum wire bond experiments were performed on a laboratory test bench. The vibration velocities of the capillary and bond strength of chip were obtained at different tightening torque. The results show that the tightening torque in a moderate condition can the highest velocity of capillary and the largest bond strength be reached. Measuring of velocity of capillary can be a method of forecasting the bond strength of chip
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Chang, Hua Yao, Jun Zheng Wang, Jiang Bo Zhao, and Shou Kun Wang. "Error Analysis for Correlation Algorithm Based Servo Valve Frequency Characteristic Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.1438.

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A fault diagnosis based on bond graph model is proposed for hydraulic variable pitch system. Because the knowledge representation of bond graph model can provide information of cause and effect between components, a bond graph model of hydraulic variable pitch system is given above rated wind speed. A fault tree, using cause and effect analysis by back propagation, is developed. Qualitative value of parameters is assigned and the fault source is detected by analyzing boundary parameters of fault tree. Comparing with quantitative fault diagnosis based on model, the bond graph fault diagnosis is more flexible and has good completeness.
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Caverly, R. H. "Characteristic Impedance of Integrated Circuit Bond Wires (Short Paper)." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 34, no. 9 (September 1986): 982–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.1986.1133480.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Theoretical Study of Thermal Cracking For Acenaphthylene Molecule." Baghdad Science Journal 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 1071–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.10.3.1071-1081.

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Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the thermal cracking for acenaphthylene molecule to estimate the bond energies for breaking C8b-C5a , C5a-C5 , C5-C4 , and C5-H5 bonds as well as the activation energies. It was found that for C8b-C5a , C5-C4 , and C5-H5 reactions it is often possible to identify one pathway for bond breakage through the singlet or triplet states. The atomic charges , dipole moment and nuclear – nuclear repulsion energy supported the breakage bond .Also, it was found that the activation energy value for C5-H5 bond breakage is lower than that required for C8b-C5a , C5a-C5 , C5-C4 bonds which refer to C5-H5 bond in acenaphthylene molecule are weaker than C8b-C5a , C5a-C5 , C5-C4 bonds .It is reasonable to presume that C5-H5 bonds are broken first when a acenaphthylene molecule is exposed to thermal cracking. It seems that the characteristic planarity for the polyaromatic hydrocarbons is an important factor to acquire the molecule structure of the required stability along the reaction path . The trends in the bond energies and the configuration structures are discussed .
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Kuznetsov, Maxim L. "Strength of the [Z–I···Hal]− and [Z–Hal···I]− Halogen Bonds: Electron Density Properties and Halogen Bond Length as Estimators of Interaction Energy." Molecules 26, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072083.

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Bond energy is the main characteristic of chemical bonds in general and of non-covalent interactions in particular. Simple methods of express estimates of the interaction energy, Eint, using relationships between Eint and a property which is easily accessible from experiment is of great importance for the characterization of non-covalent interactions. In this work, practically important relationships between Eint and electron density, its Laplacian, curvature, potential, kinetic, and total energy densities at the bond critical point as well as bond length were derived for the structures of the [Z–I···Hal]− and [Z–Hal···I]− types bearing halogen bonds and involving iodine as interacting atom(s) (totally 412 structures). The mean absolute deviations for the correlations found were 2.06–4.76 kcal/mol.
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Xie, Qi Fang, Jian Yang Xue, Hong Tie Zhao, and Jun Fang Hu. "Experimental Study on Bond Behavior between CFRP Sheet and Wood." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2314.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has been applied to reinforce wood structure with its many advantages. But results of experimental study and engineering practice have showed that the failure is generally caused for lack of bong strength between FRP and wood, so the bond behavior between FRP and wood is very important. In this paper, based on the shear bond experiment between wood and CFRP sheet, the bond properties are researched such as failure character, characteristic of strain distribution, effective bond length and bond strength. Results showed that: at the loaded-end, the strain of the CFRP sheets is the maximum, and then strains decrease quickly with the increase in distance from the loaded-end. Strain distribution along cross direction is not uniform and the strains of the center location are bigger obviously than that of the edge location. The effective bond length between CFRP sheet and wood is more than 120mm.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bond characteristic"

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Weiland, Silvio, and Manfred Curbach. "Interaktion gemischter Bewehrungen bei der Verstärkung von Stahlbeton mit textilbewehrtem Beton." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1244051366655-25294.

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Textile Bewehrungen stellen eine hervorragende Alternative zu bisherigen Verstärkungsmethoden dar. Die Wirksamkeit von Textilbetonverstärkungen konnte bereits eindrucksvoll nachgewiesen werden. Um sowohl die vorhandene Bausubstanz, als auch die Verstärkung optimal auszulasten, ist es erforderlich, das Zusammenwirken beider Bewehrungsarten unter Berücksichtigung der unterschiedlichen Verbundeigenschaften zu beschreiben. In diesem Beitrag wird das gemeinsamen Tragverhalten von Betonstahl und textiler Bewehrung eingehend erläutert. Zur Veranschaulichung wird daher vor allem die Verbundtragwirkung und deren Einfluss auf gerissene Zugglieder genauer untersucht.
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Yu, Zhenmin. "Relative bond characteristics of epoxy-coated reinforcement." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277400.

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Moneta, Fabio. "Measuring Bond Mutual Fund Performance with Portfolio Characteristics." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2466.

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Thesis advisor: Pierluigi Balduzzi
Employing a novel data set of portfolio weights from 1997 to 2006, the performance of taxable bond mutual funds is studied. The timing ability of fund managers is examined considering different asset allocation choices such as asset class, credit quality allocation, and portfolio maturity decisions. I show that active managers engage in strategies of rotating their portfolios across fixed-income sectors and bond characteristics. Some bond funds exhibit successful timing ability by adopting these strategies. Comparing fund returns plus expenses and transaction costs with the returns of a portfolio that is invested in the previously disclosed holdings, I document that active managers exhibit some ability to select securities that deliver better returns than the securities in the indices. In particular, on average, active managers generate gross returns of 1% per annum over the benchmark portfolio constructed using past holdings
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management
Discipline: Finance
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Seaton, Alexander Miles. "Bond strength performance characteristics of brick-mortar interfaces." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2004. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20339/.

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This work uses a direct tensile test approach, developed in-house, to measure the bond strength of brick-mortar interfaces. The thesis postulates that direct tensile bond strength values can be used as a means of assessing compatibility of brick and mortar properties which directly influence the structural and durability performance of brickwork. The work identifies that direct forms of tensile testing are suited for comparative research more readily than flexural testing techniques, which induce inherent variability to the test system due to sample format and by application of the associated flexural bending theory. It is maintained that flexural bending tests reflect parameters which influence disproportionately the compressive strength of the mortar and the joint periphery. The work uses traditional volume ratios for mortars, proportioned to a constant mass of sand, to identify the effect that discrete changes in cement and lime content have upon bond strength performance of the mortar. The results show that cement content of mortar has no significant influence on bond strength, provided that the combined proportion of cement and lime maintain a 1:3 ratio by volume with the sand. Furthermore, it has been shown that the volume of the mix water should match the volume of cementitious material, in order to achieve suitable workability. The work produces a bond strength development curve for samples aged between 5-minutes and 2-years of age and concludes that bond strength does not develop in the same manner to compressive strength and that bond strength may decline post 28-days. Samples up to 2-years in age can demonstrate up to 40-percent loss of bond due to the effects of sustained drying shrinkage. Consequently the work questions the value of using 28-day strength tests as a means of predicting future bond strength performance. It is identified that the controlling parameter which effects bond strength development is the removal of the excess mix water from the mortar by brick suction forces. The work examines unit water absorption characteristics and identifies that the initial rate of suction test is not sufficiently representative of a unit's ability to remove water from a retentive mortar bed. In response a unique method, which measures the continuous water uptake of the brick bed-face is presented. The resulting water absorption profile identifies the rate of change of flow and the resulting force function, with which water is potentially extracted from the retentive mortar bed. Results show that a good correlation between a unit's suction force and bond strength can be attained. It is presented that initial bond strength is developed by volumetric plastic shrinkage of the mortar bed, induced by rapid removal of the excess mix water by brick background suction, which generates a mechanical lateral gripping action to the undulations of the brick bed-face.
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Jacques, Eric. "Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Bond at High Strain Rates." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34966.

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Despite the on-going intensity of research in the field of protective structural design, one topic that has been largely ignored in the literature is the effect of high strain rates on the bond between reinforcing steel and the surrounding concrete. Therefore, a comprehensive research program was undertaken to establish the effect of high strain rates on reinforced concrete bond. The experimental research consisted of the construction and testing of fourteen flexural beam-end bond specimens and twenty-five lap-spliced reinforced concrete beams. The physical and material properties of the specimens were selected based on a range of design parameters known to significantly influence bond strength. In order to establish a baseline for comparison, approximately half of the total number of specimens were subjected to static testing, while the remainder were subjected to dynamic loading generated using a shock tube. The strain rates generated using the shock tube were consistent with those obtained for mid- and far-field explosive detonation. Results of the beam-end and lap splice beam tests showed that the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete was significantly stronger and stiffer when subjected to dynamic loading. Furthermore, the high strain rate bond strength was always greater than the corresponding low strain rate values, yielding an average dynamic increase factor (DIF) applied to ultimate bond strength of 1.28. Analysis of the low and high strain rate test results led to the development of empirical expressions describing the observed strain rate sensitivity of reinforced concrete bond for spliced and developed bars with and without transverse reinforcement. The predictive accuracy of the proposed DIF expressions was assessed against the experimental results and data from the literature. It was found that the dynamic bond strength of reinforced concrete can be predicted with reasonably good accuracy and that the proposed DIF expressions can be used for analysis and design of protective structures. An analytical method was also developed to predict the flexural load-deformation behaviour of reinforced concrete members containing tension lap splices. The analysis incorporated the effect of reinforcement slip through the use of pseudo-material stress-strain relationships, in addition to giving consideration to the effect of high strain rates on bond-slip characteristics and on the material properties of concrete and steel. A comparison of the analytical predictions with experimental data demonstrated that the proposed analysis technique can reasonably predict the flexural response of beams with tension lap splices. The results also demonstrated that the model is equally applicable for use at low- and high-strain rates, such as those generated during blast and impact.
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Kerschnitzki, Michael. "Bone material characteristics influenced by osteocytes." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16479.

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In dieser Doktorarbeit wird die Hypothese geprüft, ob Osteozyten einen direkten Einfluss auf die Knocheneigenschaften in ihrer unmittelbaren Umgebung haben. Der zentrale Experimentieransatz ist dabei die Korrelation der Organisation des Osteozytennetzwerks mit den Mineraleigenschaften des Knochens auf der Submikrometerebene. Es wird gezeigt, dass bereits die anfängliche Ausrichtung der Osteoblasten entscheidend für die Synthese von hoch ausgerichtetem Knochenmaterial ist. Die dabei entstehenden Osteozytennetzwerke sind so organisiert, dass die Osteozyten und ihre Zellfortsätze jeweils einen möglichst kleinen Abstand zum Knochenmineral haben. Deshalb wird vermutet, dass genau diese Netzwerkorganisation mitentscheidend ist, wie gut die Zellen das Mineral in ih-rer Umgebung beeinflussen können. Messungen der Knochenmineraleigenschaften auf Submikrometerebene mit Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung bestätigen diese Vermutung. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Knochenmaterial in der Nähe der Osteozyten durch andere Mineraleigenschaften geprägt ist. Um zu klären, wie Osteozyten Mineral in ihrer direkten Umgebung verändern können, werden Mechanismen der passiven Mineralherauslösung aus der mineralisierten Oberfläche des Osteozytennetzwerks untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass kalziumarme ionische Lösungen unter physiologischen Bedingungen große Mengen von Kalzium-Ionen aus dem Knochen lösen und diese dann durch die Osteozytennetzwerkstrukturen diffundieren können. Zum Abschluss wurde medullärer Knochen von Hühnern als ein Modellsystem für rasanten Knochenumbau untersucht. Dieser spezielle Knochentyp dient den Hennen als labiles Kalziumreservoir und ermöglicht dadurch die tägliche Eierschalenproduktion. Experimente am medullären Knochen-material zeigen insbesondere die Bedeutung von weniger stabilen Mineralstrukturen die benötigt werden um den Knochen an den schnellen, sich wiederholenden Knochenauf- sowie Abbau optimal anzupassen.
This thesis aims to test the hypothesis whether osteocytes have a direct influence on bone material properties in their vicinity. In this regard, the concomitant ana-lysis of osteocyte network organization and bone ultrastructural properties on the submicron level is the central approach to answer this question. In this work, it is shown that already initial cell-cell alignment during the process of bone formation is crucial for the synthesis of highly organized bone. Furthermore it is proposed that the occurrence of highly ordered osteocyte networks visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has a strong impact on the ability of osteocytes to directly influence bone material properties. These highly organized networks are another consequence of initial cell-cell alignment and are found to be arranged such as to feature short mineral cell distances. Examination of sub-micron mineral properties with scanning small angle x-ray scattering (sSAXS) shows that bone material in the direct vicinity of osteocytes and their cell proc-esses shows different mineral properties compared to bone further away in the depth of the tissue. Moreover, mechanisms of passive mineral extraction from the mineralized surface of the osteocyte network, due to the treatment with calcium poor ionic solutions, are investigated. It is shown that this chemical process occurring under physiological conditions leads not only to the dissolution of considerable amounts of calcium, but also to efficient diffusion of these ions through the osteocyte network structures. Finally, medullary bone which is intended as a labile calcium source for daily egg shell formation in hens is used as a model system for rapid bone turnover rates. This bone type in particular indicates the importance of uniquely adapted, less stable mineral structures to fit the requirements for rapid bone resorption as well as reformation.
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Wang, X., S. Dong, Ashraf F. Ashour, S. Ding, and B. Han. "Bond behaviors between nano-engineered concrete and steel bars." Elsevier, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18564.

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Yes
This paper investigated the bond characteristics between eight types of nanofillers modified reactive powder concrete (RPC) and plain steel bars, aiming to explore the modifying mechanisms and establish a bond-slip relationship model for nanofillers modified RPC and steel bar interface. The experimental results indicated that the incorporation of nanofillers can increase the bond strength and reduce the slip between RPC and plain steel bars. It was shown that a 2.15 MPa/20.5% of absolute/relative increase in cracking bond strength, a 1.25 MPa/10.3% of absolute/relative increase in ultimate bond strength, a 2.35 MPa/22.4% of absolute/relative increase in residual bond strength, a 0.592 mm/56.5% of absolute/relative reduction in ultimate bond slip, and a 1.779 mm/52.1% of absolute/relative reduction in residual bond slip were the best achieved due to the addition of various nanofillers. The enhancement of nanofillers on RPC-steel bar interface has been mainly attributed to RPC microstructure improvement, optimization of intrinsic compositions, and elimination of defects in the interface, especially the underside near steel bar, due to the nano-core effect of nanofillers enriched in the interface. In addition, the bond-slip relationship of nanofillers modified RPC-steel bar interface can be accurately described by the proposed model considering an initial branch.
The authors would like to thank the funding offered by the National Science Foundation of China (51978127 and 51908103), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (DUT21RC(3)039).
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 22 Jul 2022.
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Voide, Romain. "Functional phenotyping of bone : a hierarchical assessment of bone failure characteristics." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17524.

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Lee, Ho-Rim. "Comparative study of bond characteristics between titanium-titanium alloy and ceramic." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972776354.

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Balazadeh, Minouei Mani. "Finite element analysis of bond characteristics at the FRP-concrete interface." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123268.

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Reinforced concrete structures are prone to corrosion in harsh environments. Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminates are more resistant than steel elements, such as bars and plate in aggressive environments; they can be used as a barrier to protect concrete structures; however, poor bond between FRP composite laminates and structural concrete can prevent utilizing the full structural and protective capacity of FRP-concrete composite system, therefore, it is important to develop good bond between concrete and the FRP to ensure the integrity and durability of the FRP-concrete system. There is a need to understand the bond characteristics at the FRP laminates-concrete interface, and the various parameters influencing the bond performance of the composite system. This research program consists of numerical modeling of the double lap pull-off tests conducted by Ali et.al (2012) and comparing the computed values with the experimental results for two different batches, along with an evaluation of the various parameters influencing bond between FRP laminates and concrete. The ABAQUS 6.10.1 program was used to model the double lap pull-off test. Shell elements were used to model FRP laminates, solid elements for concrete and steel and cohesive elements for modeling the epoxy joint. The constitutive models for the materials were selected based on their experimental behavior. A linear elastic model was used for modeling FRP laminates and steel, elastoplastic behavior was used for modeling epoxy and damaged plasticity model was used for modeling concrete.Numerical and experimental curves reflected similar responses. In the first batch the average ultimate load in the tests was 70.7 kN , while the ultimate load for the numerical analysis was 73.8 kN, showing a difference of 4.6% . Also, the average experimental value of strain at the center of the FRP laminate was 2657×〖10〗^(-6), while the ultimate strain in numerical simulation was 3023×〖10〗^(-6), showing an acceptable difference of 12.1 %. In the second batch, the average of experimental ultimate load was 54.5kN, while the ultimate load in numerical analysis was 58.6kN, with a difference of only 5.4%. The computed ultimate strain is 2320 ×〖10〗^(-6), while the average of ultimate strain in experimental study was 2173×〖10〗^(-6), showing a discrepancy of 6.3%. Also, the effect of different geometrical factors on the bond behavior of FRP and concrete was studied; it was concluded that, the most effective geometrical parameter influencing bond between FRP and concrete was the bonded width of the FRP laminate.
Les structures en béton armé sont sujettes à la corrosion dans des environnements difficiles. Dans ces conditions, les couches de polymère renforcé de fibres (PRF) sont plus résistants que les plaques d'acier, ils peuvent ainsi être utilisés comme une barrière pour protéger les structures en béton armé; Cependant, un faible (mauvais) collage entre les couches composites de PRF et le béton peut empêcher l'utilisation de la pleine capacité de ce composite. Par conséquent, il est important de développer une adhérence complète entre le béton et le PRF pour assurer l'intégrité et la durabilité de ce système.Il est nécessaire de comprendre les caractéristiques des liaisons à l'interface des couches de polymère renforcé de fibres - béton, et les différents paramètres influençant les performances de ces liaisons. Cet recherche comprend la modélisation numérique des essais de traction à recouvrement double effectués par Ali et.al (2012) et la comparaison des valeurs calculées avec les résultats expérimentaux pour deux groupes différents, avec une évaluation des paramètres influençant les liaisons entre les couches de polymère renforcé de fibres et le béton.Le programme d'éléments finis ABAQUS 6.10.1 a été utilisé pour l'analyse numérique d'essai en traction à recouvrement double. Des éléments coques ont été utilisés pour modéliser les couches de polymère renforcé de fibres, des éléments solides pour modéliser le béton et l'acier et des éléments de cohésion pour modéliser le joint en résine époxyde. Les modèles pour les matériaux ont été choisis en fonction de leur comportement expérimental. Un modèle élastique linéaire a été utilisé pour les couches de polymère renforcé de fibres et de l'acier, un modèle élasto-plastique a été utilisé pour la résine époxyde et le modèle de plasticité endommagée a été utilisé pour le béton.Les résultats entre les tests numériques et expérimentaux montrent une réponse similaire. Dans le premier groupe, la moyenne de la charge ultime des essais expérimentaux était égale à 70.7 kN tandis que celle de l'analyse numérique était égal à 73.8, ce qui montre une différence de 4.6%. De plus, la valeur moyenne expérimentale de la contrainte au centre des couches de PRF était égale à 2657×〖10〗^(-6), tandis que celle de la souche ultime dans la simulation numérique était de 3023×〖10〗^(-6), montrant une différence de 12.1%. Dans le deuxième groupe, la moyenne de la charge ultime expérimentale était égal à 54.5kN, alors que celle de l'analyse numérique était égale à 58.6kN, il y a donc une différence de seulement 5.4%. La contrainte ultime calculée était égale à 2320 ×〖10〗^(-6), alors que la moyenne de celle de l'étude expérimentale était égale à 2173×〖10〗^(-6), montrant une différence de 6.3%. Les effets de plusieurs facteurs géométriques sur les liaisons entre les couches de polymère renforcé de fibres et le béton ont été étudiés. Les résultats de cette enquête ont montré que le paramètre géométrique ayant le plus d'influence sur la liaison entre les couches de PRF et le béton était la largeur de ces liaisons.
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Books on the topic "Bond characteristic"

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Wilson, Sidney John. Surface characteristics of hydroxyapatite/bone cement composite materials. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1998.

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Sarno, Antonello. Il mio nome è Bond: Viaggio nel mondo di 007. Roma: Editrice Il Castoro, 1996.

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Hennig, Jean Luc. Lettre ouverte aux Suisses, si bons, si gros, si tristes. Paris: A. Michel, 1991.

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Symes, Steven A. Morphology of saw marks in human bone: Identification of class characteristics. [Knoxville, Tenn.]: [s.n.], 1992.

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Bound by distance: Rethinking nationalism through the Italian diaspora. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1997.

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Billings, S. A. A Bound for the magnitude characteristics of nonlinear output frequency response functions. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, 1995.

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Grieser, Dietmar. Sie haben wirklich gelebt: Von Effi Briest bis zu Herrn Karl, von Tewje bis James Bond. 2nd ed. Wien: Amalthea, 2001.

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Honor bound: Race and shame in America. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 2012.

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Bonds of empire: West Indians and Britishness from Victoria to decolonization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Heroes, mavericks, and bounders: The English gentleman from Lord Curzon to James Bond. London: M. Joseph, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bond characteristic"

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Chen, Mei Wei, Ju Long Yuan, Yi Yang, and Dong Qiang Yu. "The Characteristic of Organic Bond Grinding Wheel." In Advances in Grinding and Abrasive Technology XIV, 63–67. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-459-6.63.

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Soga, Naohiro, and Kazuyuki Hirao. "Characteristic Temperature and Bond Strength of Oxides in Inorganic Glasses." In Structure and Bonding in Noncrystalline Solids, 119–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9477-2_7.

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Schlag, Mareike, Kai Brune, Hauke Brüning, Michael Noeske, Célian Cherrier, Tobias Hanning, Julius Drosten, et al. "Extended Non-destructive Testing for Surface Quality Assessment." In Adhesive Bonding of Aircraft Composite Structures, 119–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92810-4_3.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces various extended non-destructive testing (ENDT) techniques for surface quality assessment, which are first characterized, then enhanced, and finally applied to assess the level of pre-bond contaminations intentionally applied to carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) adherends following the procedures described in the previous chapter. Based on two user cases comprising different scenarios that are characteristic of either aeronautical production or repair, the detailed tests conducted on two types of sample geometry, namely flat coupons and scarfed pilot samples with a more complex shape, form the basis for applying the advanced ENDT procedures for the monitoring of realistic and real aircraft parts, as will be described in Chap. 10.1007/978-3-319-92810-4_5. Specifically, the reported investigations were performed to assess the surface quality of first ground and then intentionally contaminated CFRP surfaces using the following ENDT tools: the aerosol wetting test (AWT), optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE), two differently implemented approaches based on electronic noses, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), and laser vibrometry.
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Kang, Heung Sik, Joong Mo Ahn, and Yusuhn Kang. "MRI Characteristics." In Oncologic Imaging: Bone Tumors, 309–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-703-1_11.

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Singh, Harjit, and Janet A. Neutze. "Bone Tumor Characteristics." In Radiology Fundamentals, 321–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0944-1_49.

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Kissane, Jennifer, Janet A. Neutze, and Harjit Singh. "Bone Tumor Characteristics." In Radiology Fundamentals, 359–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22173-7_49.

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Singh, Harjit, Janet A. Neutze, and Jonathan R. Enterline. "Bone Tumor Characteristics." In Radiology Fundamentals, 317–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10362-4_49.

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Hitchin, Nigel. "Higgs Bundles and Characteristic Classes." In Arbeitstagung Bonn 2013, 247–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43648-7_8.

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Joardder, Mohammad U. H., Monjur Mourshed, and Mahadi Hasan Masud. "Characteristics of Bound Water." In State of Bound Water: Measurement and Significance in Food Processing, 29–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99888-6_3.

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Zeegers-Huyskens, Th. "Experimental Vibrational Characteristics of the Hydrogen Bond." In Intermolecular Forces, 123–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76260-4_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bond characteristic"

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Vito Lin, Eason Chen, Don Son Jiang, and Yu Po Wang. "Warpage and stress characteristic analyses on wire-bond-S-FCCSP structure." In 2009 4th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/impact.2009.5382157.

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Zhang, Hongbing, Danyan Xie, and Zuoping Shang. "Simulation of characteristic waves in acoustic full waveform relating to cement bond." In 2010 3rd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2010.5647339.

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Takahashi, Koji, Yasuo Kasugai, and Takeo Kondo. "Smooth Redemption Policy of Port Facilities in Case of Ocean Space Utilization." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41026.

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The ports of the world are operated by port authorities. The systems for establishing port facilities are roughly classified into two types depending on their sources of revenue. In the first type of system (used mainly for channels, breakwaters, berths, etc.), the national/local government and the port authority share the cost of construction. In the second type of system (used for cargo handling facilities, reclaimed lands, etc.), the port authority alone raises funds through a port-related bond-financed project and issues bonds. One characteristic of such bond-financed projects is that the costs of operating the facility and redeeming the bonds are funded through usage fees for the ground and profit from the sale of reclaimed land. Port authorities now require a smooth redemption policy for bonds issued in the past. However, port authorities have found it difficult to choose between having to raise usage fees and land prices high enough to enable smooth redemption in bond-financed projects on the one hand and having to reduce usage fees and land prices to reinforce international competitiveness in port logistics on the other. Unless a solution to this problem is found quickly, the finances of port authorities may become even more constrained, given the rising trend in port construction costs due to the risks of disasters such as earthquakes and due to growing interest rates. This is because prior investments are required for the construction of port facilities that takes a long time (between 5 and 10 years) and usage fees and profits from the sale of land must be suppressed to low levels because of political pressure. This will lead to larger bond issues and therefore a greater necessity for a smooth redemption policy of port facilities in the case of ocean space utilization. The authors first describe the structure of port management in the world, and analyze the financial situation of port authorities. Next, the authors point out that as the capital, maintenance, and management costs of port facilities grow in response to large-scale natural disasters, which exceed existing assumptions, and other factors, port authorities are being forced to take measures to address this. Lastly, the authors argue that public incentive assistance to shipping companies and logistics companies can effectively address the conflicting demands of reinforcing international competitiveness, strengthening disaster restoration capabilities, and enabling the smooth redemption of bonds in bond-financed projects.
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Keten, Sinan, and Markus J. Buehler. "Elasticity and Strength of Beta-Sheet Protein Materials: Geometric Confinement and Size Effects." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-205464.

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Elasticity and strength of proteins influence their biological functions. Under external forces, many proteins exhibit entropic elasticity with a characteristic stiffening elastic behavior and unravel due to the rupture of interstrand H-bonds. We develop a fracture mechanics based theoretical framework that considers the free energy competition between entropic elasticity of polypeptide chains and rupture of peptide hydrogen bonds, which we use here to provide an explanation for the intrinsic strength limit of protein domains at vanishing rates [1, 2]. Our analysis predicts that individual protein domains stabilized only by hydrogen bonds cannot exhibit rupture forces larger than 100–300 pN in the asymptotic quasi-static limit. This result explains earlier experimental and computational observations that suggest such a universal, asymptotic strength limit at vanishing pulling rates. We show that the rupture strength of H-bond assemblies in beta-sheets is governed by geometric confinement effects, suggesting that clusters of at most 3–4 H-bonds break concurrently, even under uniform shear loading of a much larger number of H-bonds. These strength, elasticity and size effect predictions all agree well with recent experimental findings and proteomics data. Our model confirms that fracture mechanics concepts, previously primarily applied to macroscale fracture phenomena, can also be directly applied at nanoscale, to be used for describing failure mechanisms in protein materials. Our strength and optimal size predictions lead to a key hypothesis: confined H-bond clusters are prevalent in alpha helices, beta-sheets and beta-solenoids, perhaps as an evolutionary design principle that derives from generic mechanical properties of the fundamental building blocks of life.
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Bai, Yun, Liyun Fan, Xiaolu Dong, Xiuzhen Ma, and Enzhe Song. "Fuel Injection Quantity Fluctuation Prediction of Common Rail System Based on Bond Graph Model." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1070.

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Common rail injection system (CRIS) is an advanced technology which meets the stringent emission standards of diesel engines and satisfies consumer demand for better fuel efficiency and increased power. The coherence of fuel injection quantity is the key injection characteristic for CRIS to match diesel engines successfully. As a critical component for CRIS, the variation of injector characteristic parameters has significant influence on the coherence of fuel injection quantity of the system. In this paper, combining numerical modeling and design of experiments, the response predicted relation between fuel injection quantity fluctuation of CRIS and its influence factors had been investigated. A numerical model of common rail injector was presented for the purpose of creating a tool for simulation experiments. The model is developed using power bond graph method, which is a modeling method that has shown its superiority in modeling systems consisting of sub-models from several energy domains in a unified approach. Experiments were conducted at the same model conditions to validate the model. The results are quite encouraging and in agreement with model predictions, which imply that the model can accurately predict the fuel injection quantity of CRIS and it can be used to simulation and design experiments. Experiments were designed using D-optimal method in which the characteristic parameters of common rail injector were chosen as design factors and the fuel injection quantity fluctuation was selected as the response. The fuel injection quantity fluctuation responses at different design factor levels were obtained using the developed numerical model which had been validated. A regressive prediction model of fuel injection quantity fluctuation was suggested according to the simulation experiments by means of partial least-squares regression (PLR) analysis. Analysis of variance, normal distribution of standardized residuals and relation between observed and predicted fuel injection quantity fluctuation for the regressive prediction model were analyzed which demonstrate the favorable goodness of fit and significance of the regressive model to predict fuel injection quantity fluctuation of the system. By changing design factor levels, the comparisons between numerical results of the bond graph model and the predicted fuel injection quantity fluctuation of the regressive prediction model were conducted. Results show that the regressive prediction model can reliably predict the fuel injection quantity fluctuation caused by the variation of characteristic parameters of common rail injector. Research results of this paper can provide novel ideas to predict fuel injection quantity fluctuation and a theoretical guidance for design and parameters optimization of CRIS.
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Yi, Dalong, Hui Zhang, and Lili Zheng. "Thermo Mechanical Analysis of Ultrasonic Welding of Metal Joints Under Different Control Parameters." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50401.

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Ultrasonic welding is a complex process combining the processes of interface friction, heat transfer, plastic deformation heating, and atom diffusion and so on. Even though much work has been performed to understand ultrasonic welding process, the key characteristic process parameters of ultrasonic welding process and the key control parameters for the bond quality are still questions. Based on the interactions of bond factors and previous research of ultrasonic welding process, we believe that plastic deformation and temperature which represent the energy and strain condition at bonding interface are the key process parameters related to bond. A 3-D thermal-mechanical finite element model is built to analyze the thermal and mechanical files of ultrasonic welding process of two types of aluminum alloys under different control parameters. A possible mechanism between bond quality and control parameters based on max temperature and max plastic deformation of temperature-strain map of simulation is presented.
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Lucero, Briana M., and Matthew J. Adams. "Common Functionality Across Engineering Domains Through Transfer Functions and Bond Graphs." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59769.

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Functional Modeling allows a direct, and sometimes abstract, method for depicting a product. Through this method, product architecture, concept generation and physical modeling can be used to obtain repeatable and more meaningful results. The Functional Basis approach of engineering design, as taught to engineering design students, provides the vocabulary to produce a uniform approach to function structures with functions (verbs) and flows (nouns). This paper suggests that the flows, particularly the “signal” flows, can be correlated to additional domains domain through transfer functions common in controls engineering. Controls engineering employs transfer functions to mathematically represent the physical or digital functions of a system or product using block diagrams to show the individual steps. The research herein suggests the correlations between the mathematical representations of transfer functions and the functional basis of engineering design through the actions performed upon “signal” flows. Specifically, the methodologies employed by controls engineering can relate to engineering design by 1) Schematic similarities, 2) Quantifiable performance metric inputs/outputs, 3) Mathematical representations of the flows, and 4) isomorphic matching of the schematics. Controls systems use block diagrams to represent the sequential steps of the system, These block diagrams parallel the functions structures of engineering design. Performance metrics between the two domains can be complimentary when decomposed down to non-dimensional engineering units. Mathematical Functions of the actions in a controls systems can resemble the functional basis functions through the use if bond graphs by identifying characteristic behavior of the functions on the flows. Isomorphic matching using the schematic diagrams can be used to find analogies based upon similar functionality and target performance metrics. When these four similarities are performed, parallels between the engineering domain and the controls engineering can be establish. Examples of cross-domain matching via transfer functions and controls systems are provided as contextualization for the concepts proposed. Pathways forward for this preliminary research are additionally suggested.
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Stölzle, Simon C., and Dominika P. Gałkiewicz. "GREEN BONDS REPRESENTING GREEN FINANCE IN EUROPE – BASIC CHARACTERISTICS." In Sixth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2020.27.

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This study examines whether there is a negative green bond premium for investors in the secondary European market. To answer this question, the matched pairs method is applied, where the daily i-spreads of green bonds and the interpolated daily i-spreads of similar non-green bonds are compared. The bond sample contains 37 bond couples issued by corporations, financial institutions and governments between November 2019 and April 2020. The findings suggest that there is an average statistically significant negative very small green bond premium. The negative premium could be explained by investors’ preferences for green financial instruments leading to excess demand. The negative green bond premium may also be a compensation for the issuer’s external costs or reflect the internalization of environmental externalities. Further evidence shows that the negative green bond premium varies across industries and is not higher for lower rated investment grade bonds.
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Pappu, Vijay, and Prosenjit Bagchi. "3D Computational Modeling and Simulation of Cell Motion on Adhesive Surfaces in Shear Flow." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55113.

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A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is presented to simulate transient rolling adhesion and deformation of leukocytes over a P-selectin coated surface in shear flow. The computational model is based on immersed boundary method for cell deformation, and stochastic Monte Carlo simulation for receptor/ligand interaction. The model is shown to predict the characteristic ‘stop-and-go’ motion of rolling leukocytes. The objective here is to understand the coupling between external shear flow, cell deformation, microvilli deformation and various biophysical parameters that govern the formation of selectin bonds. We observe that compliant cells roll more stably with lesser fluctuations. Adhesion is seen to occur via multiple tethers, but often one tether is sufficient to support rolling. The force loading on individual microvillus is not continuous, rather occurs in steps. Further, it is also shown that only the microvilli whose undeformed length is above a certain cut off length, participate in bond formation and the cutoff length reduces with increasing cell rigidity.
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Hopkins, Patrick E., and Leslie M. Phinney. "Thermal Conductivity Measurements on Polysilicon Microbridges Using the 3-Omega Technique." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52293.

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The thermal properties of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices are governed by the structure and composition of the constituent materials as well as the geometrical design. With the continued reduction of the characteristic sizes of these devices, experimental determination of the thermal properties becomes more difficult. In this study, the thermal conductivity of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) microbridges are measured with the transient 3ω technique and compared to measurements on the same structures using a steady state joule heating technique. The microbridges with lengths from 200 microns to 500 microns were designed and fabricated using the Sandia National Laboratories SUMMiT™ V surface micromachining process. The differences between the two measurements, which arise from the geometry of the test structures, are explained by bond pad heating and thermal boundary resistance effects.
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Reports on the topic "Bond characteristic"

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Stone, A. T. Release of oxide-bound toxic metals by naturally-occurring and contaminant-derived organic compounds: The role of complexant, reductant, and adsorptive characteristics. Final report, July 1, 1994--June 31, 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/353369.

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The Comparative Characteristic of Condition of Bone-Muscular and Autonomic Nervous Systems of Mountain Climbers of Childhood and Adolescence Ages, Depending on The Level of Sportsmanship. Evgeni S. Antropov, Vera G. Cherkasova, Sergey V. Muravyev, Irina V. Krylova, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14526/01_1111_167.

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Payment Systems Report - June of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2020.

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With its annual Payment Systems Report, Banco de la República offers a complete overview of the infrastructure of Colombia’s financial market. Each edition of the report has four objectives: 1) to publicize a consolidated account of how the figures for payment infrastructures have evolved with respect to both financial assets and goods and services; 2) to summarize the issues that are being debated internationally and are of interest to the industry that provides payment clearing and settlement services; 3) to offer the public an explanation of the ideas and concepts behind retail-value payment processes and the trends in retail payments within the circuit of individuals and companies; and 4) to familiarize the public, the industry, and all other financial authorities with the methodological progress that has been achieved through applied research to analyze the stability of payment systems. This edition introduces changes that have been made in the structure of the report, which are intended to make it easier and more enjoyable to read. The initial sections in this edition, which is the eleventh, contain an analysis of the statistics on the evolution and performance of financial market infrastructures. These are understood as multilateral systems wherein the participating entities clear, settle and register payments, securities, derivatives and other financial assets. The large-value payment system (CUD) saw less momentum in 2019 than it did the year before, mainly because of a decline in the amount of secondary market operations for government bonds, both in cash and sell/buy-backs, which was offset by an increase in operations with collective investment funds (CIFs) and Banco de la República’s operations to increase the money supply (repos). Consequently, the Central Securities Depository (DCV) registered less activity, due to fewer negotiations on the secondary market for public debt. This trend was also observed in the private debt market, as evidenced by the decline in the average amounts cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository of Colombia (Deceval) and in the value of operations with financial derivatives cleared and settled through the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC). Section three offers a comprehensive look at the market for retail-value payments; that is, transactions made by individuals and companies. During 2019, electronic transfers increased, and payments made with debit and credit cards continued to trend upward. In contrast, payments by check continued to decline, although the average daily value was almost four times the value of debit and credit card purchases. The same section contains the results of the fourth survey on how the use of retail-value payment instruments (for usual payments) is perceived. Conducted at the end of 2019, the main purpose of the survey was to identify the availability of these payment instruments, the public’s preferences for them, and their acceptance by merchants. It is worth noting that cash continues to be the instrument most used by the population for usual monthly payments (88.1% with respect to the number of payments and 87.4% in value). However, its use in terms of value has declined, having registered 89.6% in the 2017 survey. In turn, the level of acceptance by merchants of payment instruments other than cash is 14.1% for debit cards, 13.4% for credit cards, 8.2% for electronic transfers of funds and 1.8% for checks. The main reason for the use of cash is the absence of point-of-sale terminals at commercial establishments. Considering that the retail-payment market worldwide is influenced by constant innovation in payment services, by the modernization of clearing and settlement systems, and by the efforts of regulators to redefine the payment industry for the future, these trends are addressed in the fourth section of the report. There is an account of how innovations in technology-based financial payment services have developed, and it shows that while this topic is not new, it has evolved, particularly in terms of origin and vocation. One of the boxes that accompanies the fourth section deals with certain payment aspects of open banking and international experience in that regard, which has given the customers of a financial entity sovereignty over their data, allowing them, under transparent and secure conditions, to authorize a third party, other than their financial entity, to request information on their accounts with financial entities, thus enabling the third party to offer various financial services or initiate payments. Innovation also has sparked interest among international organizations, central banks, and research groups concerning the creation of digital currencies. Accordingly, the last box deals with the recent international debate on issuance of central bank digital currencies. In terms of the methodological progress that has been made, it is important to underscore the work that has been done on the role of central counterparties (CCPs) in mitigating liquidity and counterparty risk. The fifth section of the report offers an explanation of a document in which the work of CCPs in financial markets is analyzed and corroborated through an exercise that was built around the Central Counterparty of Colombia (CRCC) in the Colombian market for non-delivery peso-dollar forward exchange transactions, using the methodology of network topology. The results provide empirical support for the different theoretical models developed to study the effect of CCPs on financial markets. Finally, the results of research using artificial intelligence with information from the large-value payment system are presented. Based on the payments made among financial institutions in the large-value payment system, a methodology is used to compare different payment networks, as well as to determine which ones can be considered abnormal. The methodology shows signs that indicate when a network moves away from its historical trend, so it can be studied and monitored. A methodology similar to the one applied to classify images is used to make this comparison, the idea being to extract the main characteristics of the networks and use them as a parameter for comparison. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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