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Journal articles on the topic 'Bond characteristic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Chen, Mei Wei, Ju Long Yuan, Yi Yang, and Dong Qiang Yu. "The Characteristic of Organic Bond Grinding Wheel." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.63.

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The bond in a grinding wheel cements the abrasive grains together, Among other factors, the bond plays a predominant part in the grinding wheel performances and on the quality of grinding results. This paper presents a literature review on organic bond grinding wheels. It discusses the characteristic of the bond and the grinding performances of the two mainly types of organic bond [1] grinding wheels: the resin bond grinding wheel and the soft-elastic grinding wheel. This paper provide a conclusion of the studying state of organic grinding wheel, which new studying can draw lesson from.

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2

Chairunnnisa, Ubudia Hiliaily, Abdul Hoyyi, and Hasbi Yasin. "PEMODELAN TRANSFORMASI FAST-FOURIER PADA VALUASI OBLIGASI KORPORASI (Studi Kasus: PT. Bank Danamon Tbk, PT. Bank CIMB Niaga Tbk, dan PT. Bank UOB Indonesia Tbk)." Jurnal Gaussian 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/j.gauss.v10i1.30937.

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The basic assumption that is often used in bond valuations is the assumption on the Black-Scholes model. The practical assumption of the Black-Scholes model is the return of assets with normal distribution, but in reality there are many conditions where the return of assets of a company is not normally distributed and causing improperly developed bond valuation modeling. The Fast-Fourier Transform model (FFT) was developed as a solution to this problem. The Fast-Fourier Transformation Model is a Fourier transformation technique with high accuracy and is more effective because it uses characteristic functions. In this research, a modeling will be carried out to calculate bond valuations designed to take advantage of the computational power of the FFT. The characteristic function used is the Variance Gamma, which has the advantage of being able to capture data return behavior that is not normally distributed. The data used in this study are Sustainable Bonds I of Bank Danamon Phase I Year 2019 Series B, Sustainable Bonds II of Bank CIMB Niaga II Phase IV Year 2018 Series C, Sustainable Subordinated Bonds II of Bank UOB Indonesia Phase II 2019. The results obtained are FFT model using the Variance Gamma characteristic function gives more precise results for the return of assets with not normal distribution. Keywords: Bonds, Bond Valuation, Black-Scholes, Fast-Fourier Transform, Variance Gamma

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3

Son, Byung-Lak, Myung-Sik Kim, Chung-Ho Kim, and Heui-Suk Jang. "Bond Characteristic Between Lightweight Concrete and GFRP Bar." Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection 17, no. 6 (November 30, 2013): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11112/jksmi.2013.17.6.112.

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4

Zhao, Ping, K. F. Tang, Zhi Wei Wang, Jia Jie Chen, Ju Long Yuan, and X. H. He. "On the Characteristic Parameters of the Semi-Fixed Abrasive Plate." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.291.

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To evaluate the characteristics of semi-fixed abrasive plate (SAP), several parameters and relevant measurement methods are developed. The characteristic parameters include shore hardness, compression ratio, resilience ratio and shear strength. Five semi-fixed abrasive plates are manufactured with different bond concentration. The test results of five characteristic parameters of the SAP show the shore hardness, resilience ratio and shear strength increase, and compression ratio decreases with the bond concentration increasing. This test can provide instructive guides to the manufacture of SAP which can fit different occasions by changing the concentration of adhesives.

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5

Li, Zhan Hui, Yun Xin Wu, and Zhi Li Long. "Effect of Contact Interface on Ultrasonic Characteristic of Wire Bond Transducer." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2350.

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For improving the bonding strength of chip and vibration stability, propagation characteristics of ultrasonic wave across contact interface in wire bonding transducer was investigated in this paper. The rough contact interface is studied. The propagation characteristic is equivalent to the spring-mass model. The spring-mass model of ultrasonic propagation through contact interface was established. The reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of ultrasonic is related to the stiffness of the contact interface. Aluminum wire bond experiments were performed on a laboratory test bench. The vibration velocities of the capillary and bond strength of chip were obtained at different tightening torque. The results show that the tightening torque in a moderate condition can the highest velocity of capillary and the largest bond strength be reached. Measuring of velocity of capillary can be a method of forecasting the bond strength of chip

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6

Chang, Hua Yao, Jun Zheng Wang, Jiang Bo Zhao, and Shou Kun Wang. "Error Analysis for Correlation Algorithm Based Servo Valve Frequency Characteristic Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 1438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.1438.

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A fault diagnosis based on bond graph model is proposed for hydraulic variable pitch system. Because the knowledge representation of bond graph model can provide information of cause and effect between components, a bond graph model of hydraulic variable pitch system is given above rated wind speed. A fault tree, using cause and effect analysis by back propagation, is developed. Qualitative value of parameters is assigned and the fault source is detected by analyzing boundary parameters of fault tree. Comparing with quantitative fault diagnosis based on model, the bond graph fault diagnosis is more flexible and has good completeness.

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7

Caverly, R. H. "Characteristic Impedance of Integrated Circuit Bond Wires (Short Paper)." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 34, no. 9 (September 1986): 982–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.1986.1133480.

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8

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Theoretical Study of Thermal Cracking For Acenaphthylene Molecule." Baghdad Science Journal 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 1071–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.10.3.1071-1081.

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Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to study the thermal cracking for acenaphthylene molecule to estimate the bond energies for breaking C8b-C5a , C5a-C5 , C5-C4 , and C5-H5 bonds as well as the activation energies. It was found that for C8b-C5a , C5-C4 , and C5-H5 reactions it is often possible to identify one pathway for bond breakage through the singlet or triplet states. The atomic charges , dipole moment and nuclear – nuclear repulsion energy supported the breakage bond .Also, it was found that the activation energy value for C5-H5 bond breakage is lower than that required for C8b-C5a , C5a-C5 , C5-C4 bonds which refer to C5-H5 bond in acenaphthylene molecule are weaker than C8b-C5a , C5a-C5 , C5-C4 bonds .It is reasonable to presume that C5-H5 bonds are broken first when a acenaphthylene molecule is exposed to thermal cracking. It seems that the characteristic planarity for the polyaromatic hydrocarbons is an important factor to acquire the molecule structure of the required stability along the reaction path . The trends in the bond energies and the configuration structures are discussed .

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9

Kuznetsov, Maxim L. "Strength of the [Z–I···Hal]− and [Z–Hal···I]− Halogen Bonds: Electron Density Properties and Halogen Bond Length as Estimators of Interaction Energy." Molecules 26, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072083.

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Bond energy is the main characteristic of chemical bonds in general and of non-covalent interactions in particular. Simple methods of express estimates of the interaction energy, Eint, using relationships between Eint and a property which is easily accessible from experiment is of great importance for the characterization of non-covalent interactions. In this work, practically important relationships between Eint and electron density, its Laplacian, curvature, potential, kinetic, and total energy densities at the bond critical point as well as bond length were derived for the structures of the [Z–I···Hal]− and [Z–Hal···I]− types bearing halogen bonds and involving iodine as interacting atom(s) (totally 412 structures). The mean absolute deviations for the correlations found were 2.06–4.76 kcal/mol.

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10

Xie, Qi Fang, Jian Yang Xue, Hong Tie Zhao, and Jun Fang Hu. "Experimental Study on Bond Behavior between CFRP Sheet and Wood." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2314.

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Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has been applied to reinforce wood structure with its many advantages. But results of experimental study and engineering practice have showed that the failure is generally caused for lack of bong strength between FRP and wood, so the bond behavior between FRP and wood is very important. In this paper, based on the shear bond experiment between wood and CFRP sheet, the bond properties are researched such as failure character, characteristic of strain distribution, effective bond length and bond strength. Results showed that: at the loaded-end, the strain of the CFRP sheets is the maximum, and then strains decrease quickly with the increase in distance from the loaded-end. Strain distribution along cross direction is not uniform and the strains of the center location are bigger obviously than that of the edge location. The effective bond length between CFRP sheet and wood is more than 120mm.

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11

IKKI, Naoyuki, and Osamu KIYOMIYA. "Local Bond Characteristic of Deformed Bar Considered Concrete Axial Stress." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 676 (2001): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2001.676_65.

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12

Tian, Yingxu, and Haoyan Zhang. "Skew CIR process, conditional characteristic function, moments and bond pricing." Applied Mathematics and Computation 329 (July 2018): 230–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2018.02.013.

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13

Adi Kristiawan, Stefanus, and Ageng Bekti Prakoso. "Bond Strength Characteristic of Concrete Patch Repair Material Made from Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR)-Mortar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.442.

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Patch repair materials made from unsaturated polyester resin (UPR)-mortar have been investigated to determine their bond strength characteristic by slant shear test method. The relative mechanical properties of UPR-mortar and substrate concrete for composing the specimens are: lower modular and high strength ratio. The experimental results show that the combination of materials causes the observed bond strength are dictated by failure of substrate concrete. The actual bond strength could be higher as most of the specimens fail without separation of the UPR-mortar and substrate concrete at the bond plane.

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14

Sutikno, Franciska Mifanyira. "Legal Protection of Conventional Bank as Mandatory Convertible Bond Holder." Syariah: Jurnal Hukum dan Pemikiran 19, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v19i2.3129.

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Bank as legal entity has legal right to do Investment to the another party by several investment instrument in Stock Market, Money Market or another agreement. Mandatory Convertible Bond is one of Investment Instrument which has hybird characteristic of Debt and Equity based on the Central Bank Regulatio and International Mandatory Convertible Bond concept leads to the double legal standing to the Bank as the holder. The Objective of this research is to analyze the usage of Mandatory Convertible Bonds and the protection of Bank as its holder. The result of the research are Mandatory Convertible Bond used as equity participation through debt mechanism and the protection of Bank provided by Prospectus and Trust Agreement.

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15

Kan, Akinori, Hirotaka Ogawa, Kenkichi Mori, Hitoshi Ohsato, and Yoshinori Andou. "Chemical bonding characteristics and dielectric properties of Nd2(Ba1−xSrx)ZnO5 solid solutions." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 10 (October 2003): 2427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0338.

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The relationship between the microwave dielectric property and crystal structure of Nd2(Ba1−xSrx)ZnO5 solid solutions was investigated using bond valence theorem and first principle method (DV-Xα method). The evaluation of the covalence characteristics of cation–oxygen bonds revealed that as the x value increased, the covalence characteristics of the M–O (M = Ba and Sr) bonds in the MO10 polyhedron decreased while those of the Zn–O(2) bonds in the ZnO4 tetrahedron increased. From the DV-Xα method, it was found that the 3d electrons of the Zn2+ ion are closely related to the strong covalence characteristics of the Zn–O(2) bonds. The dielectric constants were approximately constant over the whole composition; this result is considered to relate to the decrease in the covalence characteristic of the M–O bonds. The quality factors increased from 4915 to 25,836 GHz, and the grain growth of the solid solutions are considered to improve the Q × f values.

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16

Jazwinski, Jaroslaw, Wtktor Kozminski, Lech stefaniak, and Graham A. Webl. "Characteristic coupling constants1J(13C-13C)of some mesoionic methylides contaIning a diphenyltetrazolium ring." Spectroscopy 12, no. 1 (1994): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/721710.

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1J(13C-13C)data are presented for some Types A and B tetrazoliwn methylides. The results show a large amoWlt of double bond character for the C5-C6bond which is significantly reduced upon protonation. A similar decrease in bond order is noted for the C6-C8bond following protonation.

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17

Kato, Shigenori, Kenta Chokawa, Katsumasa Kamaiya, and Kenji Shiraishi. "Theoretical Study of N Incorporation Effect during SiC Oxidation." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.455.

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We investigated the atomistic mechanism of N incorporation during SiC oxidation by the first principles calculation. We found that N atoms play two characteristic roles in NO oxidation of SiC surface. One is that N atoms tend to form three-fold coordinated covalent bonds on a SiC(0001) surface, which assist the termination of surface dangling bonds, leading to improve the interface properties. The other is that N atoms form N-N bond like a double bond. The N2 molecule is desorbed from SiC surface, which do not disturb the oxidation process of SiC surfaces. These results indicate that N incorporation is effective to suppress defect state generation at SiO2/SiC interfaces during SiC oxidation.

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18

Viger-Gravel, Jasmine, Ilia Korobkov, and David L. Bryce. "Crystal structure of tetrabutylammonium bromide–1,2-diiodo-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene–dichloromethane (2/2/1)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 5 (April 9, 2015): o286—o287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015006593.

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The crystallization of a 1:1 molar solution of 1,2-diiodo-3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene (o-DITFB) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (n-Bu4NBr) from dichloromethane yielded pure white crystals of a halogen-bonded compound, C16H36N+·Br−·C6F4I2·0.5CH2Cl2or [(n-Bu4NBr)(o-DITFB)]·0.5CH2Cl2. The compound may be described as a quaternary system and may be classified as a salt–cocrystal solvate. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of solvent, twoo-DITFB molecules, two cations (n-Bu4N+) and two crystallographically distinct bromide ions [θI...Br-...I= 144.18 (1) and 135.35 (1)°]. The bromide ion is a bidentate halogen-bond acceptor which interacts with two covalently bonded iodines (i.e.halogen-bond donors), resulting in a one-dimensional polymeric zigzag chain network approximately along theaaxis. The observed short contacts and angles are characteristic of the non-covalent interaction [dC—I...Br= 3.1593 (4)–3.2590 (5) Å; θC—I...Br= 174.89 (7) and 178.16 (7)°]. It is noted that iodine acts as both a halogen-bond donor and a weak CH hydrogen-bond acceptor, while the bromide ions act as acceptors for weak CH hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds.

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19

CICHY, Marian, Jacek KROPIWNICKI, and Sławomir MAKOWSKI. "A model of the IC engine in the form of the bond graph (BG)." Combustion Engines 119, no. 2 (November 1, 2004): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117417.

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Grounds for the use of the bond graph method in the modeling of internal combustion (IC) engines, which are energy sources in systems consisting of different physical nature elements have been presented. The model of hybrid vehicle, as an example of such system, has been presented. Examples of definitions of the main engine parameters, which follow the established BG convention have been given. A proposal of formalization of the IC engine characteristics, which follows the selected method of modeling, has been presented as well as an analytic form of the characteristic as the multidimensional vector function. Example of the engine characteristic approximation with the use of the “Spline” functions and author’s computer programs has been given.

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20

Masuda-Jindo, K., V. K. Tewary, and Robb Thomson. "Theory of chemically induced kink formation on cracks in silica. II. Force law calculations." Journal of Materials Research 2, no. 5 (October 1987): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0631.

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This article is this second of a pair on a theory of chemically assisted fracture. In it a simple bond orbital model of the force laws to be used in fracture is developed. In the bond orbital model, only a few of the atoms in the vicinity of the bond to be broken are considered and do not include interactions with the rest of the system, which is assumed to be Newtonian. Numerical accuracy is not required, but qualitative features of the force laws are believed to be valid. The silica bond is shown to rise quickly to a high peak, after which it develops a relatively long tail. When the bond is attacked by water, modeling by the same technique indicates that the bond has a “snapping” characteristic that is important in the theory developed in the first article. For bonds with smooth “back sides” the barriers to crack motion are shown to be low, but barriers are expected to be observable when the bond snaps. A tight binding treatment of a one-dimensional chain has been included in order to investigate the effect of including band effects in the force law. These effects are found to be small compared to the simple bond breaking of the bond orbital calculation.

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21

Jędrzejczak, Karol, Małgorzata Szczesio, Monika Oracz, Stefan Jankowski, and Marek L. Główka. "Crystal structure of (3R)-3-benzyl-4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]butanoic acid." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 10 (September 3, 2014): o1081—o1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814019497.

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The characteristic feature of the title molecule, C16H23NO4, is thesynconfiguration of the partially double amide C—N bond [C—N—C—O torsion angle = −14.8 (2)°]. The crystal packing is determined by intermolecular O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into a double-chain structure extending along [010].

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22

Tseng, Kuo-Hsiung, Chih-Ju Chou, To-Cheng Liu, Chun-Da Wu, Juei-Long Chiu, and Pei-Yu Cheng. "Electromagnetic Characteristic Analysis of Circuit Breaker Actuator Using Bond Graph Method." Electric Power Components and Systems 45, no. 6 (April 3, 2017): 647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2016.1266713.

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23

Li, Y., P. Bai, and Y. Li. "Fabrication and fibre matrix interface characteristics of Cu/C(Fe) composite." Science of Sintering 41, no. 2 (2009): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos0902193l.

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Cu/C composites were successfully fabricated by three step electro-deposition. The effects of hot pressure temperature and alloy element Fe on the interface characteristic of Cu/C composite were investigated. The results showed that the hot pressure temperature and interface characteristic have a great effect on mechanical properties of the composite. The tensile strength and hardness increase firstly and then decrease with the increasing of hot pressure temperature, and a tensile rupture appears when the hot pressure temperature is 650, 700 and 900oC. The addition of alloy element Fe not only improves the tensile strength and the lateral shear strength of the Cu/C composite, but also changes the interface bond type from the physical bond type to the chemical bond type.

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24

Pan, Y., Y. H. Lin, J. M. Guo, and M. Wen. "Correlation between hardness and bond orientation of vanadium borides." RSC Adv. 4, no. 88 (2014): 47377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra08115c.

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25

Gagné, Olivier Charles, and Frank Christopher Hawthorne. "Bond-length distributions for ions bonded to oxygen: metalloids and post-transition metals." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 74, no. 1 (January 12, 2018): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520617017437.

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Bond-length distributions have been examined for 33 configurations of the metalloid ions and 56 configurations of the post-transition metal ions bonded to oxygen, for 5279 coordination polyhedra and 21 761 bond distances for the metalloid ions, and 1821 coordination polyhedra and 10 723 bond distances for the post-transition metal ions. For the metalloid and post-transition elements with lone-pair electrons, the more common oxidation state between n versus n+2 is n for Sn, Te, Tl, Pb and Bi and n+2 for As and Sb. There is no correlation between bond-valence sum and coordination number for cations with stereoactive lone-pair electrons when including secondary bonds, and both intermediate states of lone-pair stereoactivity and inert lone pairs may occur for any coordination number > [4]. Variations in mean bond length are ∼0.06–0.09 Å for strongly bonded oxyanions of metalloid and post-transition metal ions, and ∼0.1–0.3 Å for ions showing lone-pair stereoactivity. Bond-length distortion is confirmed to be a leading cause of variation in mean bond lengths for ions with stereoactive lone-pair electrons. For strongly bonded cations (i.e. oxyanions), the causes of mean bond-length variation are unclear; the most plausible cause of mean bond-length variation for these ions is the effect of structure type, i.e. stress resulting from the inability of a structure to adopt its characteristic a priori bond lengths.

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26

Babushkina, T. A., Yu V. Goltyapin, and S. I. Gushchin. "125I NQR Spectra of Iodobenzoic Acid and Iodophenol Derivatives. H-Bonds and C-I Characteristic Bonds of These Substances." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 5-6 (June 1, 1996): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-5-646.

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Abstract This is a review of investigations on iodo-benzoic acid, iodohippuric acid, and iodophenol derivatives by NQR, NMR, and emission Mössbauer spectroscopy. The influence of intermolecular, intramolecular, and bifurcated O-H…I and O-H…O bonds on the properties of iodine-carbon bonds is demonstrated. Ionized and non-ionized forms of tyrosine differ by the probability of H-bond formation. The simultaneous use of 127I NQR and emission Mössbauer 125I spectroscopy open the possibility to determine the types of tellurium-organic substances formed in the process of K-decay of 125I.

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27

Li, Liang, Kui Sheng Chen, and Shu Guang Fu. "Study of the Hydraulic Mold System Basing on the Power Bond Graph." Applied Mechanics and Materials 233 (November 2012): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.233.135.

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This paper mainly introduces the structure and characteristics of the hydraulic mold system. By means of the power bond graph, the mathematical model of the servo system is set up. The analysis is not only to analyze single input and single output system (SISO) but also to analyze multi-input and multi-output system (MIMO).As result of it, it is widely applicable. Finally, we analyze the system dynamic characteristic basing on MATLAB SIMULINK. According to the simulation curves of the different parameters, we find out the system optimization measures.

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28

Hassan, S., F. Adam, and M. R. Abu Bakar. "THERMAL CHARACTERISTIC EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT ASCORBIC ACID CRYSTAL HABITS." Journal of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jceib.v3i1.3875.

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Melting temperature (Tmelt) and enthalpy of fussion (ΔHf ) are important parameters to determine the quality and the thermal stability of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) crystals. In this study, different habit of ascorbic acid was prepared by using different polar solvents namely water, methanol, ethanol and 2-propanol. Ascorbic acid crystal was then been physically and thermally characterised by using microscopic analysis, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calometry analysis (DSC). This provides an insight into the formation of crystal habit across four different polar protic solvents. The ascorbic acid is found to grow as a cubic or prism crystal when grown in water that provides high hydrogen bond between solvent and solute. As the polarity of the solvents decrease, the hydrogen bond weaken and the width of the crystal become narrower, forming almost a needle like crystal. The thermal stability of ascorbic acid crystal is found to be the most stable when ascorbic acid is crystallized from water (prism) and the weakest from 2-propanol (needle) due to the molecule arrangement in crystal lattice in which resulted from decreasing intermolecular forces in the liquid phase

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29

Li, Zhan Hui, Yun Xin Wu, and Zhi Li Long. "Higher Order Harmonic Wave and its Effect on Thermosonic Bond System." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2644.

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Thermosonic bond is widely used in package of semiconductor chip due to its advantages, such as simple process, high efficiency, and no pollution. Ultrasonic play important role inspired interconnection interface atomic energy and soften metallic materials in thermosonic bond. The vibration of bond tool is nonlinear and bond strength is unstable with contact interface condition changing due to discontinuity characteristic parameters of contact interfaces. In order to improve bond strength of chip, model of ultrasonic propagation across a rough contact interface was established. Aluminium wire bond was performed on a thermosonic bond test platform. The harmonic waves of bond tool and the bond strength were measured. The experiment results show that the best bond strength and the less higher order harmonic is achieve when the contact interface pressure is in moderate range.

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30

Mizoguchi, Noriyuki. "Characteristic Polynomial Expression and Integral Expression for Imaginary Bond–Bond Polarizability. Rules for London Susceptibility and for Ring Current." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 60, no. 6 (June 1987): 2005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.60.2005.

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31

McCabe, J. F., and S. Rusby. "Dentine bonding agents—characteristic bond strength as a function of dentine depth." Journal of Dentistry 20, no. 4 (August 1992): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-5712(92)90087-s.

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32

Doan-Nguyen, Vicky V. T., Patrick J. Carroll, and Christopher B. Murray. "Structure determination and modeling of monoclinic trioctylphosphine oxide." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 3 (February 21, 2015): 239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615003009.

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Trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), C24H51OP, was recrystallized from ambient evaporation in acetone. TOPO single crystals form with a monoclinicP21/cstructure. Fourier transform IR (FT–IR) spectroscopy captures the characteristic stretching modes from the seven methylene groups, the phosphoryl P=O bond, and the phosphoryl–carbon bond.

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33

Fiore, Vito A., and Gerhard Maas. "Phospha-Michael reaction of tertiary phosphanes Ph2P–X (X=SiMe3, Cl) and N-triflyl-propiolamides." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 74, no. 9 (September 25, 2019): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2019-0100.

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AbstractThe uncatalyzed silylphosphanylation of acetylenic N-trifluoromethylsulfonyl-carboxamides by Ph2P–SiMe3, formally an insertion of a C,C triple bond into a P–Si bond, is reported. Some characteristic functional group transformations of the resulting 3-PPh2-2-SiMe3-N-triflyl-acrylamides were briefly explored: transamidation of the N-triflylamide group with allylamine, P oxidation and protodesilylation. A hydrophosphorylation of the acetylenic triple bond with chloro(diphenyl)phosphane is also reported.

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Galiński, Paweł. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUNICIPAL BOND MARKET IN POLAND AFTER 1989." Ekonomika 92, no. 2 (January 1, 2013): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2013.0.1410.

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Abstract. The purpose of the paper is to present the development of the municipal bond market in Poland between 1989 and 2012, a characteristic of municipal bonds and their types, issued in this period. The empirical research conducted by the author provides some main financial indicators that determine the development of this market and its role for local governments in Poland. Moreover, there are analysed the types of investors on this market, organizers of the placements or the meaning of this market against the background of the municipal bond markets in the European Union (EU) countries. The study is mainly based on the miscellaneous reports and statistics of the National Bank of Poland, Ministry of Finance, Central Statistical Office of Poland, Warsaw Stock Exchange or rating agency Fitch Polska. An important source of information was also the research conducted by the author, which concerned the perspective of servicing the local governments by commercial banks and the associated risk. As a consequence, the author indicates that the value of municipal bonds issued in Poland is still relatively low in comparison with its gross domestic product and the leading EU countries. Therefore, there are possibilities of the further growth of this market in Poland. First and foremost, municipal bonds are positively perceived as an investment instrument by the investors, i.e. mainly commercial banks. Besides, these securities have a small share in the investment portfolio of pension funds and investment funds. However, one of the main obstacles of the further development of the municipal bond market in Poland is its relatively low liquidity.Key words: municipal bond market, municipal bonds, local governments

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Zhu, Bai Ru, and Yang Song. "Experimental Study on Reinforced Concrete Beam with Embed in Basalt FRP Bars." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 3827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.3827.

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Many tests were carried out to study flexural failure characteristics, ultimate bearing capacity, and stiffness etc of reinforced concrete beams which are embed in basalt FRP bar. The results show that:（1）Basalt FRP bars greatly enhance load bearing capacity. (2) Beam failure characteristic is interfacial bond failure mode. (3) Reinforced beams’ integrity and stiffness are greatly improved, the beam crack resistance significantly improved.

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Hu, Shi Feng, Shi Jian Zhu, Qi Wei He, Jing Jun Lou, and Xiang Rong Xie. "Modeling and Simulation of Linear Dynamic Characteristic for a Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator Using Bond Graph." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7324.

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The development of an new method for formulation of transduction or input and output representation for a giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) is presented. The transduction model is built through the application of a bond graph modeling approach which includes the mechanical dynamics and the electro-magneto-mechanical interaction of the actuator. Simulation and experiment behavior correlation are also presented. The bond graph model allows for in-depth investigation of dynamic behavior of GMA, such as energy conversion, output displacement or force and so on.

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Tamilchelvan, P., Krishnamorthy Raghukandan, N. Meikandan, and K. Sivakumar. "Micro Structural Studies On Explosively Clad Cu/Ss, Br/Ss and Al/Ss Plates." Materials Science Forum 566 (November 2007): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.566.279.

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The paper deals with detailed studies on the bond zone morphology of Cu / Ss, Br / Ss, Al / Ss weld combinations of explosive welds. The study becomes significant in view of the importance and wide applicability of these materials in bimetal industry. Explosive welding is a high-energy rate fabrication technique and is increasingly employed to provide sound metallurgical bonding between similar and dissimilar metals with widely varied properties. In this study for the same explosive loading conditions, the different types of bonds obtainable at the interface for three combinations of materials have been investigated. The bond zones showed characteristic features, typical of the explosive welding process. Complex patterns of plastic flow and formation of solidified melt areas were revealed at the interface.

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Zhao, Shun Bo, Xin Xin Ding, and Chang Yong Li. "Bond-Slip Relation of Plain Steel Bar in Concrete with Machine-Made Sand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.142.

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To meet the requirement of machine-made sand application in concrete structures, experimental studies were carried out on the bond of plain steel bar with Machine-made Sand Concrete (MSC) by the central pull-out test method. Three specimens were cast as one group, 14 groups were tested considering the influence of concrete strength, bond length and stone powder content in machine-made sand. Based on the experimental research, the characteristic values of bond-slip curve such as the initial-slip and ultimate bond stresses with corresponding slips are statistically analyzed, the bond-slip constitutive relations between plain steel bar and MSC were obtained.

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Görbitz, C. H., A. B. Leirvåg, and Ø. Jacobsen. "Hydrogen bond architecture in crystal structures of N-alkylated hydrophobic amino acids." CrystEngComm 16, no. 41 (2014): 9631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce01412j.

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Valko, Ladislav. "Dissociation Time of Chemical Bond I. Dissociation of the Morse Oscillator." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 2 (1992): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19920225.

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By solving the equation of motion, the formula was derived for the dissociation time of the Morse oscillator. The dissociation time of oscillator is a characteristic physical parameter of chemical bond whose value depends on the parameters of potential curve. It is important for the selective excitation of chemical bond in a molecule in connection with the progress in femtosecond laser technique. The time required to break the bond must be of the order of a few hundred femtoseconds.

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Borutzky, W., and J. Granda. "Bond graph based frequency domain sensitivity analysis of multidisciplinary systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 216, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0959651021541453.

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Multidisciplinary systems are described most suitably by bond graphs. In order to determine unnormalized frequency domain sensitivities in symbolic form, this paper proposes to construct in a systematic manner a bond graph from another bond graph, which is called the associated incremental bond graph in this paper. Contrary to other approaches reported in the literature the variables at the bonds of the incremental bond graph are not sensitivities but variations (incremental changes) in the power variables from their nominal values due to parameter changes. Thus their product is power. For linear elements their corresponding model in the incremental bond graph also has a linear characteristic. By deriving the system equations in symbolic state space form from the incremental bond graph in the same way as they are derived from the initial bond graph, the sensitivity matrix of the system can be set up in symbolic form. Its entries are transfer functions depending on the nominal parameter values and on the nominal states and the inputs of the original model. The sensitivities can be determined automatically by the bond graph preprocessor CAMP-G and the widely used program MATLAB together with the Symbolic Toolbox for symbolic mathematical calculation. No particular program is needed for the approach proposed. The initial bond graph model may be non-linear and may contain controlled sources and multiport elements. In that case the sensitivity model is linear time variant and must be solved in the time domain. The rationale and the generality of the proposed approach are presented. For illustration purposes a mechatronic example system, a load positioned by a constant-excitation d.c. motor, is presented and sensitivities are determined in symbolic form by means of CAMP-G/MATLAB.

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HAGA, N., and S. I. SUGA. "DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF FIELD-INDUCED ORDERED-STATES IN S = 1/2 ONE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM SPIN SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 20n22 (August 30, 2002): 3321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202014309.

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We calculate the dynamical structure factors of the magnetization-plateau state in the S = 1/2 bond-alternating spin chain with a next-nearest-neighbor interaction. The results show characteristic behaviors depending on the next-nearest-neighbor interaction and the bond-alternation. We discuss the lower excited states in comparison with the exact excitation spectrums of an effective Hamiltonian.

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Son, Jeong Tan, Sung Lin Yang, O.-Cheol Shin, Suk Keun Rhee, and Jeong Hyuk Im. "Evaluation of Bond Strength Characteristic of Moisture Induced Asphalt Mixtures using ABS Test." International Journal of Highway Engineering 19, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7855/ijhe.2017.19.2.087.

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Takamizawa, Toshiki, Arisa Imai, Eizo Hirokane, Akimasa Tsujimoto, Wayne W. Barkmeier, Robert L. Erickson, Mark A. Latta, and Masashi Miyazaki. "SEM observation of novel characteristic of the dentin bond interfaces of universal adhesives." Dental Materials 35, no. 12 (December 2019): 1791–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2019.10.006.

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Li, Min, Quan Xie, and Shan Li. "Microstructure of Liquid Co50Ni50 During Rapid Solidification." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 7593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18870.

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The rapid solidification process of Co50Ni50 alloy was simulated by molecular dynamics method, and the formation and evolution characteristics of cluster structure in the solidification process were analyzed by the pair distribution function, Honeycutt–Andersen bond type index method and the largest standard cluster. The results show that during the solidification process with a cooling rate of 1×1012 K·‐1, the probability of mutual bond formation between Co–Co atoms is always greater than that of Ni–Ni, and the formation of the 1421 bond type is dominant in the crystalline structure. The inflection point of the characteristic bond type 1421 varies with the crystalline transition temperature Tg of the system. The Co–Ni alloy is mainly composed of a face-centered cubic atomic group composed of the 1421 bond type. Meanwhile, there will also be a small amount of hcp structure and a smaller amount of bcc structure. Further analysis revealed that the formation of the fcc structure requires the fast decomposition of TCP structures (at 1450 K). That is to say, the TCP structure must be disassembled before the fcc structure is formed. These findings are useful to provide important guidance for the crystallization of Co50Ni50 alloy under rapid cooling in the experiment.

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Vasylyeva, Vera, Luca Catalano, Carlo Nervi, Roberto Gobetto, Pierangelo Metrangolo, and Giuseppe Resnati. "Characteristic redshift and intensity enhancement as far-IR fingerprints of the halogen bond involving aromatic donors." CrystEngComm 18, no. 13 (2016): 2247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ce02385h.

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Zhu, Gang, and Zong-Xun Tang. "Diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)manganese(II) pentafluorooxoniobate(V)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 5 (April 11, 2006): m1018—m1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806012591.

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In the title compound, [Mn(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2][NbOF5], each of the MnII and NbV atoms has a distorted octahedral coordination. In the [NbOF5]2− anion, a characteristic short terminal Nb=O bond and a longer Nb—F bond are observed, which result in the out-of-center distortion of the octahedron, a manifestation of the second-order Jahn–Teller effect.

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48

Tiritiris, Ioannis, Ralf Kress, and Willi Kantlehner. "Crystal structure of 2-bromo-3-dimethylamino-N,N,N′,N′,4-pentamethyl-4-(trimethylsilyloxy)pent-2-eneamidinium bromide." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): o1061—o1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205698901502383x.

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The reaction of the orthoamide 1,1,1-tris(dimethylamino)-4-methyl-4-(trimethylsilyloxy)pent-2-yne with bromine in benzene, yields the title salt, C15H33BrN3OSi+·Br−. The C—N bond lengths in the amidinium unit are 1.319 (6) and 1.333 (6) Å, indicating double-bond character, pointing towards charge delocalization within the NCN plane. The C—Br bond length of 1.926 (5) Å is characteristic for a C—Br single bond. Additionally, there is a bromine–bromine interaction [3.229 (3) Å] present involving the anion and cation. In the crystal, weak C—H...Br interactions between the methyl H atoms of the cation and the bromide ions are present.

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Ahmed, Rafal, and Suhad M. Abed. "Bonding Performance for Lightweight Concrete: A Review." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 13, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2020.13408.

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Nowadays, lightweight concrete become popular among construction companies due to its physical characteristic such as sound and thermal insulation, lightweight, cost and environmental saving, self-levelling…etc., which make it an attractive choice as a building material. However, this concrete face many constructional obstacles due to the lack of adequate and sufficient constructional information about the nature of this concrete. This requires great caution when use it for structural purposes. Among these great constraints, for example, is the weak characteristic of the bond between this concrete and reinforcing steel. Therefore, in order to get rid of these defects of concrete and make it usable in various construction sectors, this paper summarizes researchers works concerning bond behavior between light weight concrete and reinforcing bars , the variable influencing bond behavior such as; concrete type, rebar type and diameter, W/C ratio, and adding fibres. And results collected from experimental work with most important conclusions

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50

OH, Jong-Eun, and Keun-Hyeung LEE. "Characterization of the unique function of a reduced amide bond in a cytolytic peptide that acts on phospholipid membranes." Biochemical Journal 352, no. 3 (December 8, 2000): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3520659.

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The incorporation of a reduced amide bond, Ψ(CH2NH), into peptide results in an increase in the net positive charge and the perturbation of α-helical structure. By using this characteristic of the reduced amide bond, we designed and synthesized novel pseudopeptides containing reduced amide bonds, which had a great selectivity between bacterial and mammalian cells. A structureŐactivity relationship study on pseudopeptides indicated that the decrease in α-helicity and the increase in net positive charge in the backbone, caused by the incorporation of a reduced amide bond into the peptide, both contributed to an improvement in the selectivity between lipid membranes with various surface charges. However, activity results in vitro indicated that a perturbation of α-helical structure rather than an increase in net positive charge in the backbone is more important in the selectivity between bacterial and mammalian cells. The present result revealed that the backbone of membrane-active peptides were important not only in maintaining the secondary structure for the interactions with lipid membranes but also in direct interactions with lipid membranes. The present study showed the unique function of a reduced amide bond in cytolytic peptides and a direction for developing novel anti-bacterial agents from cytolytic peptides that act on the lipid membrane of micro-organisms.

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