Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bonds (Chemistry)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bonds (Chemistry)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bonds (Chemistry)"

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Zeng, Xiaoming, and Xuefeng Cong. "Chromium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions by Selective Activation of Chemically Inert Aromatic C–O, C–N, and C–H Bonds." Synlett 32, no. 13 (May 11, 2021): 1343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1507-4153.

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AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has emerged as one of the most powerful and useful tools for the formation of C–C and C–heteroatom bonds. Given the shortage of resources of precious metals on Earth, the use of Earth-abundant metals as catalysts in developing cost-effective strategies for cross-coupling is a current trend in synthetic chemistry. Compared with the achievements made using first-row nickel, iron, cobalt, and even manganese catalysts, the group 6 metal chromium has rarely been used to promote cross-coupling. This perspective covers recent advances in chromium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in transformations of chemically inert C(aryl)–O, C(aryl)–N, and C(aryl)–H bonds, offering selective strategies for molecule construction. The ability of low-valent Cr with a high-spin state to participate in two-electron oxidative addition is highlighted; this is different from the mechanism involving single-electron transfer that is usually assigned to chromium-mediated transformations.1 Introduction2 Chromium-Catalyzed Kumada Coupling of Nonactivated C(aryl)–O and C(aryl)–N Bonds3 Chromium-Catalyzed Reductive Cross-Coupling of Two Nonactivated C(aryl)–Heteroatom Bonds4 Chromium-Catalyzed Functionalization of Nonactivated C(aryl)–H Bonds5 Conclusions and Outlook
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Wu, Jishan, and J. Fraser Stoddart. "Mechanical bonds and dynamic covalent bonds." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 6 (2020): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm90014a.

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Chen, Tieqiao, Li-Biao Han, Qihang Tan, Xue Liu, Long Liu, and Tianzeng Huang. "Phosphorylation of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives with P(O)–H Compounds Forming P(O)–C Bonds." Synthesis 53, no. 01 (September 30, 2020): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707286.

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AbstractHerein, we highlight advances in the phosphorylation of readily available carboxylic acids and their derivatives forming synthetically important P(O)–sp3C, P(O)–sp2C, and P(O)–spC bonds, with an emphasis on the results demonstrated since 2010. This review examines the challenges associated with the use of this strategy for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds and details advances in the design of catalytic systems that suppress these problems thus resulting in notable progress. Mechanistic details are discussed where available.1 Introduction2 Formation of P(O)–sp3C Bonds3 Formation of P(O)–sp2C Bonds4 Formation of P(O)–spC Bonds5 Outlook and Conclusion
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Wang, Congyang, and Ting Liu. "Manganese-Catalyzed C(sp2)–H Addition to Polar Unsaturated Bonds." Synlett 32, no. 13 (March 27, 2021): 1323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1468-6136.

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AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed nucleophilic C–H addition of hydrocarbons to polar unsaturated bonds could intrinsically avoid prefunctionalization of substrates and formation of waste byproducts, thus featuring high step- and atom-economy. As the third most abundant transition metal, manganese-catalyzed C–H addition to polar unsaturated bonds remains challenging, partially due to the difficulty in building a closed catalytic cycle of manganese. In the past few years, we have developed manganese catalysis to enable the sp2-hydrid C–H addition to polar unsaturated bonds (e.g., imines, aldehydes, nitriles), which will be discussed in this personal account.1 Introduction2 Mn-Catalyzed N-Directed C(sp2)–H Addition to Polar Unsaturated Bonds3 Mn-Catalyzed O-Directed C(sp2)–H Addition to Polar Unsaturated Bonds4 Conclusion
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Gribben, Jordan, Timothy R. Wilson, and Mark E. Eberhart. "Unicorns, Rhinoceroses and Chemical Bonds." Molecules 28, no. 4 (February 12, 2023): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041746.

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The nascent field of computationally aided molecular design will be built around the ability to make computation useful to synthetic chemists who draw on their empirically based chemical intuition to synthesize new and useful molecules. This fact poses a dilemma, as much of existing chemical intuition is framed in the language of chemical bonds, which are pictured as possessing physical properties. Unfortunately, it has been posited that calculating these bond properties is impossible because chemical bonds do not exist. For much of the computational-chemistry community, bonds are seen as mythical—the unicorns of the chemical world. Here, we show that this is not the case. Using the same formalism and concepts that illuminated the atoms in molecules, we shine light on the bonds that connect them. The real space analogue of the chemical bond becomes the bond bundle in an extended quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). We show that bond bundles possess all the properties typically associated with chemical bonds, including an energy and electron count. In addition, bond bundles are characterized by a number of nontraditional attributes, including, significantly, a boundary. We show, with examples drawn from solid state and molecular chemistry, that the calculated properties of bond bundles are consistent with those that nourish chemical intuition. We go further, however, and show that bond bundles provide new and quantifiable insights into the structure and properties of molecules and materials.
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Brammer, Lee, Anssi Peuronen, and Thomas M. Roseveare. "Halogen bonds, chalcogen bonds, pnictogen bonds, tetrel bonds and other σ-hole interactions: a snapshot of current progress." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 79, no. 6 (May 22, 2023): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229623004072.

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We report here on the status of research on halogen bonds and other σ-hole interactions involving p-block elements in Lewis acidic roles, such as chalcogen bonds, pnictogen bonds and tetrel bonds. A brief overview of the available literature in this area is provided via a survey of the many review articles that address this field. Our focus has been to collect together most review articles published since 2013 to provide an easy entry into the extensive literature in this area. A snapshot of current research in the area is provided by an introduction to the virtual special issue compiled in this journal, comprising 11 articles and entitled `Halogen, chalcogen, pnictogen and tetrel bonds: structural chemistry and beyond.'
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Li, Xiaoxian, Tongxing Liu, Beibei Zhang, Dongke Zhang, Haofeng Shi, Zhenyang Yu, Shanqing Tao, and Yunfei Du. "Formation of Carbon-Carbon Bonds Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents Under Metal-free Conditions." Current Organic Chemistry 24, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 74–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824666200211093103.

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During the past several decades, hypervalent iodine reagents have been widely used in various organic transformations. Specifically, these exclusive classes of reagents have been extensively used for the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. This review aims to cover all the reactions involving the construction of carbon-carbon bonds mediated by hypervalent iodine reagents, providing references and highlights for synthetic chemists who are interested in hypervalent iodine chemistry.
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Trommsdorff, Hans-Peter. "Creating new bonds with chemistry." Physics World 15, no. 3 (March 2002): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/15/3/43.

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Müller, Mario. "Stimulating Chemistry and Strong Bonds." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 44, no. 20 (May 13, 2005): 3000–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501340.

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Wang, Nai-Xing, Yalan Xing, Lei-Yang Zhang, and Yue-Hua Wu. "C(sp3)–H Bond Functionalization of Alcohols, Ketones, Nitriles, Ethers and Amides using tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide as a Radical Initiator." Synlett 32, no. 01 (July 31, 2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1706406.

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The C(sp3)–H bond is found widely in organic molecules. Recently, the functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds has developed into a powerful tool for augmenting highly functionalized frameworks in organic synthesis. Based on the results obtained in our group, the present account mainly summarizes recent progress on the functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds of aliphatic alcohols, ketones, alkyl nitriles, and ethers with styrene or cinnamic acid using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a radical initiator.1 Introduction2 Oxidative Coupling of Styrenes with C(sp3)–H Bonds3 Decarboxylative Cross-Couplings of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with C(sp3)–H Bonds4 Conclusions
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bonds (Chemistry)"

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Fout, Alison R. "Unraveling strong bonds small molecule activation via metal-ligand multiple bonds /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3344762.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Chemistry, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 8, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: B, page: 1015. Adviser: Daniel J. Mindiola.
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Rene, Olivier. "Advances in Palladium-Catalyzed Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation Via Functionalization of Carbon-Hydrogen Bonds." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28864.

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In the past decade, significant advances have been made in the formation of Csp2-Csp 2 bonds by direct arylation. However, this process generally requires the use of forcing conditions at temperatures typically above 100 °C, which limits the substrate compatibility as well as large-scale applications. Inspired by the recent advances in the development of milder reaction conditions for the arylation of electon-rich arenes in an aqueous medium, we describe that such reactivity is also possible with electron-deficient polyfluorinated arenes at room temperature under biphasic conditions. Several examples are included, highlighting the application of this method to the preparation of a variety of biaryls using iodides bearing electron-poor, electron-rich and sterically encumbering substituents. Several polyfluoroarenes with different substitution patterns are also tolerated. In addition, the method can be extended to the arylation of halogenated thiophenes in a regioselective fashion. However, direct arylation conditions that are general for a broad variety of heterocyclic coupling partners are only sparsely reported and the use of a different set of conditions for each type of substrate remains the norm. As part of a program dedicated to the study of the direct arylation mechanism and the development of broadly applicable reaction conditions, we became interested in investigating the effect of electron-deficient biaryl-type phosphine ligands on the C-H bond cleavage step of this process under Pd(0) catalysis. Inspired by previous reports validating the efficiency of these types of ligands in intramomecular direct arylation, we have developed a new electron-deficient fluoroarylphosphine ligand that promotes C-H bond functionalization of a broad variety of heterocycles. The demonstrated ability of these types of ligands to facilitate the C-H bond cleavage step of this process has been assessed and experimental evidence suggests a concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism in the presence of an electrophilic metal center. Only recently, nonetheless, has attention been paid to the formation of Csp3-Csp2 bonds by the direct arylation strategy. As an alternative to the use of aliphatic halides as an entry point to a1kylpalladium(II) intermediates, we describe the use of a Heck-like cyclization of an aryl halide as a means of intercepting the key palladium(II) species, along with the first examples of domino Heck-arylation involving intermolecular capture with heterocyclic arenes via C-H bond cleavage. Several examples are presented, demonstrating the application of this method to the preparation of diverse dihydrobenzofurans, indolines and oxindoles substituted with sulfur-containing heterocycles such as thiazoles, thiophenes and benzothiophene.
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Correia, Camille. "Oxidative C-C bond formation via metal-catalyzed coupling of two C-H bonds." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114441.

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This thesis describes the formation of new C-C bonds from the direct oxidative coupling of two C-H bonds, through the use of metal catalysts for activation. First, three different oxidative Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling (CDC) reactions will be presented. Initially, through the use of an organic co-catalyst, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), oxygen could be utilized as the terminal oxidant for the metal catalyzed alkylation of benzylic C-H bonds with 1,3-dicarbonyls and ketones in Chapter 2. The reaction was found to be feasible for a variety of substrates with readily enolizable C-H bonds. Next, the 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) mediated alkynylation of sp3 C-H bonds was studied. A novel copper (I) triflate catalyzed CDC reaction of unactivated benzylic C-H bonds and terminal aromatic alkynes is presented in Chapter 3. After further studies, the alkynylation of benzylic ethers could also be realized in the presence of a catalytic amount of silver (I) triflate, as described in Chapter 4. Both procedures were found to be amendable for aromatic terminal alkynes, however could not be extended to aliphatic alkynes. Finally, a palladium catalyzed Minisci-type reaction will be described in Chapter 6. Peroxide generated α-hydroxyalkyl radicals could be reacted with azines in moderate to good yields. A stoichiometric amount of acid, used in the traditional Minisci reaction, was replaced by a catalytic amount of palladium dichloride.
Cette thèse décrit la formation de nouvelles liaisons C-C par activation oxydative directe de deux liaisons C-H grâce à l'utilisation de métaux de transition comme catalyseurs. La première partie présentera trois différentes réactions de Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling (CDC) oxydantes. Dans un premier temps, sera présentée dans le chapitre 2, la réaction d'alkylation de liens C-H benzylique par 1,3-dicarbonyles et cétones. Ce system a démontré son efficacité sur une large variété de substrats contenant des liaisons C-H enolysable. De plus il a été rendu possible, grâce à l'utilisation d'un co-catalyseur organique, le N-Hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI), d'utiliser l'oxygène moléculaire comme oxydant terminal. Dans un second temps, nous étudierons l'utilisation du 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) comme médiateur pour l'alkynylation de liaisons sp3 C-H. Une nouvelle CDC réaction catalysée par le triflate de cuivre (I) sera présentée dans le chapitre 3, entre un alcyne et une liaison C-H benzylique. Le chapitre 4 présentera le développement de cette réaction à l'alcynation d'éthers benzyliques en présence d'une quantité catalytique de triflate d'argent (I). Ces deux procédures sont seulement applicables pour les alcynes vrais aromatiques. Finalement, le chapitre 6 portera sur la réaction de Minisci catalysée par le palladium. Le peroxyde radical α-hydroxyalkyl généré lors de la réaction est capable de réagir avec les azines. La quantité stœchiométrique d'acide nécessaire lors de la traditionnelle réaction de Minisci, a été remplacée par une quantité catalytique de dichloro palladium.
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Walton, Scarlett Maria. "Catalytic functionalisation of sp3 bonds." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2017. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34344/.

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Reported herein is an investigation into palladium-catalysed -allylation employing sulfonamide nucleophiles. Anions of benzylsulfonamides have been shown to react with a series of allyl acetates in the presence of Pd0 catalysts, phosphine ligands and base at room temperature, enabling the synthesis of sp3-functionalised sulfonamides. The developed methodology has allowed access to a library of novel allylated sulfonamides, varying both amine substituent and allylic functionality. In addition, we have applied our methodology to a series of known sulfonamide drug targets, to demonstrate our reaction as a useful late-stage functionalisation tool, whilst populating chemical space. The performed mechanistic study using a stereospecific electrophile confirms benzylsulfonamides behave as soft carbon nucleophiles in the Tsuji-Trost reaction, as a ‘net retention’ of stereochemistry is observed (confirmed by X-ray crystallography). Moreover, the asymmetric synthesis of allylated sulfonamides is probed, although obtaining enantioselectivity a- to SO bonds is naturally difficult, due to the conformational preferences of sulfonamide carbanions. Traditional methods for direct -alkylation of sulfonamides require strong bases, reactive electrophiles, low temperatures and use of stoichiometric amounts of additives. Therefore, in addition to a catalytic method, we report an alternative method reacting benzylsulfonamides with allyl bromide electrophiles via a nucleophilic substitution reaction, using mild conditions (LDA, THF at –20 °C).
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English, Jason B. "Electronic structure investigations of multiple bonding between atoms: From metal-nitrogen triple bonds to metal-metal triple and quadruple bonds." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280021.

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The nature of multiple bonding involving transition metal atoms has been explored via photoelectron spectroscopic and computational studies of molecules containing metal-metal quadruple and triple bonds as well as of molecules containing formal metal-nitrogen triple bonds. The principles governing the nature of the multiple bonding in these systems are similar whether the multiple bonding occurs between two transition metals or between a transition metal and a nitrogen atom. First, the electronic structures of the R₃M≡N molecules, where R = ᵗBuO (Cr, Mo, W); iPrO (Mo); (CH₃)₂CF₃CO (Mo); and Cl (Mo), are examined by photoelectron spectroscopy in conjunction with density functional calculations. To assign the features seen in the photoelectron spectra, close attention is paid to the effects of (1) metal substitution and (2) alkoxide (or Cl) substitution. Examination of the photoelectron spectra of the full series of alkoxide-substituted molecules allows the relative positions of the ionizations from the M≡N σ and π orbitals to be identified. Of great importance to the electronic structure of these molecules are the alkoxide orbital combinations that mix strongly with the M≡N σ and π orbitals. The importance of the ancillary ligand combinations is clearly demonstrated by the photoelectron spectroscopic and computational studies of Cl₃Mo≡N. The replacement of the alkoxide ligand with chlorides greatly simplifies the resultant photoelectron spectrum, allowing all of the valence ionizations to be assigned. Next, the bonding in the M₂X₄(PMe₃)₄ molecules, where M = Mo (X = Cl, Br); W (X = Cl); and Re (X = Cl, Br, I), is explored by photoelectron spectroscopic investigations in conjunction with electronic structure calculations. From these investigations, the ionizations from the metal-based orbitals as well as several ligand-based orbitals have been assigned. The first ionization energies of both the molybdenum (δ) and rhenium (δ*) molecules decrease as the electronegativity of the halide increases. The origin of this inverse halide effect is explored. Finally, the nature of the quadruple metal-metal bond in the M₂(chp)₄ molecules (M = Cr, Mo, W; chp = 2-chloro-6-oxo-pyridinate) is probed. For all three metal systems, an ionization from the M₂ δ orbital can be seen. This is only the second time a distinct ionization feature has been noted for ionization of the delta orbital from a dichromium molecule. Comparisons with the previously studied M₂(mhp)₄ molecules (mhp = 6-methyl-2-oxo-pyridinate) allow for a better understanding of the electronic structure of these molecules.
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Hare, P. M. "Studies concerning carbon-hydrogen-metal bonds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370264.

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Kelly, Eugene John. "Catalytic activation of carbon-hydrogen bonds." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333819.

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Welideniya, Dhanushi Thathsara. "Supramolecular chemistry of small molecular fundamentals to drug–receptor applications." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19106.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Chemistry
Christer B. Aakeroy
A family of bis-pyridine based pharmaceutical active ingredients were synthesized and co-crystallized with four iodoperfluoroalkanes. Thirteen new crystal structures that are driven by I‧‧‧N(py) halogen bonds, are presented and compared with that of their hydrogen-bonded analogues. Halogen bonded co-crystals exhibit two different structural arrangements, as opposed to layered architectures observed in hydrogen bonded co-crystals. In order to explore the effect of aromatic stacking interactions on hydrogen and halogen bond driven co-crystallization process, we utilized a series of aromatic hydrogen and halogen bond donors in combination with bis-pyridine based pharmaceutical active ingredients. Aromatic stacking between the donor and the acceptor were limited, due to the lack of complementarity between the donor and the acceptor in terms of size, shape and geometry. In that case, homomeric interactions between the single components were translated into the structure of the binary co-crystals. According to our charge calculations, similarly activated hydrogen and iodine atoms possess similar electrostatics. Therefore, we wanted to investigate the interchangeability of hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds by utilizing 2-aminopyrimidine as the backbone for C(sp)-H and C(sp)-I functionalities which makes self-complementary ribbons via NH‧‧‧N synthons. Our results show that the ethynyl proton is capable of acting as a synthon mimic of ethynyl iodine by interchangeable C(sp)-H‧‧‧N hydrogen bonds and C(sp)-I‧‧‧N halogen bonds. We exploited the halogen bonding donor capability of iodo, bromo and chloro ethynyl functionalities towards a series of halide ions. Based on the grinding experiments these donors showed 90%, 70% and 50% success rates towards halides. Among the halides, chlorides exhibited the highest red shift compared to bromides and iodides. We synthesized a series of cavitands functionalized with hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups and studied their binding preferences towards a series of active ingredients. We have shown that suitably functionalized cavitands can act as carriers of active ingredients and especially, selective binding of aspirin is demonstrated using a two-point binding mode.
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Bencivenga, Nicholas Ernest. "Enantioselective nickel catalysis : exploiting activated C-H bonds." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73437.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27).
A method for the nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling between benzoxazole and secondary halides was explored. This method was to make use of the activated C-H bond found in benzoxazole at the 2-position to generate the nucleophilic species in situ. After an extensive survey of parameters no such method could be found. However, it was found that copper(I) salts promoted the coupling of benzoxazole and benzylic bromides in high yield, albeit in a racemic fashion. Additionally a method to cross-couple terminal alkynes with secondary halides employing nickel-catalysis was explored. After surveying a number of alkynylmetal species, generated in situ, alkynyl borates were found to cross-couple with allylic chlorides to furnish product with the best enantioselectivity (enantiomeric excess ca. 70%), however in low yield.
by Nicholas Ernest Bencivenga.
S.M.
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Hugas, Germà David. "Dihydrogen bonds: a study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7945.

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Un pont de dihidrogen (dihydrogen bond,DHB) és un tipus de pont d'hidrogen atípic que s'estableix entre un hidrur metàl·lic i un donador de protons com un grup OH o NH. Els ponts de dihidrogen són claus en les característiques geomètriques i altres propietats de compostos que en presenten tan de molècules petites com el dímer de NH3BH3, com d'estructures superiors més complicades com complexes metàl·lics o sòlids. Poden ser útils aplicats a certes molècules o síntesis moleculars per a obtenir nous materials amb propietats o característiques fetes a mida. El treball d'aquesta tesi està orientat a millorar la comprensió dels ponts de dihidrogen, aprofundint en certs aspectes de la seva naturalesa atòmica/molecular utilitzant mètodes teòrics basats en la química física quàntica.
A dihydrogen bond (or DHB) is a kind of unconventional hydrogen bond, established between a metal hydride bond and a proton donor like OH or NH. They are the key to important structure features and properties in compounds which have them. They can be responsible for the specific geometry not only of small molecules like the NH3 BH3 dimer, but also of higher structures like metallic complexes or solids. It is in this fashion that dihydrogen bonds can be profitable, up to a plausible extent, when they can be used in certain molecules or certain syntheses to obtain a new material with particular or even tailored properties or geometries. The work developed in this thesis is aimed to have a deeper understanding of dihydorgen bonds, deepening on certain aspects using theoretical methods.
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Books on the topic "Bonds (Chemistry)"

1

March, Norman H. Chemical Bonds Outside Metal Surfaces. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986.

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Models for bonding in chemistry. Hoboken: Wiley, 2010.

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Giese, Bernd. Radicals in organic synthesis: Formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Oxford: Pergamon, 1986.

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Giese, Bernd. Radicals in organic synthesis: Formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Elkins Park, PA: Franklin, 1995.

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Giese, Bernd. Radicals in organic synthesis: Formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Elkins Park, PA: Franklin, 1996.

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R, Brec, ed. Complexes, clusters, and crystal chemistry. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Manfred, Regitz, Scherer Otto J, and Appel R, eds. Multiple bonds and low coordination in phosphorus chemistry. Stuttgart: G. Thieme Verlag, 1990.

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OCR(A) AS chemistry: Atoms, bonds and groups. Deddington, Oxfordshire: Philip Allan, 2012.

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Mingos, D. M. P., 1944-, ed. Supramolecular assembly via hydrogen bonds. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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P, Fehlner Thomas, ed. Inorganometallic chemistry. New York: Plenum, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bonds (Chemistry)"

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Schmiermund, Torsten. "Bonds." In The Chemistry Knowledge for Firefighters, 137–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64423-2_8.

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Freemantle, Michael. "Chemical Bonds." In Chemistry in Action, 55–84. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18541-2_2.

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Harcourt, Richard D. "Wave-Functions and Valence-Bond Structures for 1-Electron Bonds, Electron-Pair Bonds, Pauling “3-Electron Bonds” and “no Bonds”." In Lecture Notes in Chemistry, 35–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16676-6_3.

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Ho, P. Shing. "Biomolecular Halogen Bonds." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 241–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2014_551.

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Grabowski, Sławomir J., and Jerzy Leszczynski. "Dihydrogen Bonds: Novel Feature of Hydrogen Bond Interactions." In Practical Aspects of Computational Chemistry, 255–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2687-3_12.

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Nakazawa, Hiroshi. "Chapter 3. Bonds in Organometallic Complexes." In Organometallic Chemistry, 27–42. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839164200-00027.

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Liebau, Friedrich. "Chemical Bonds in Silicates." In Structural Chemistry of Silicates, 14–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50076-3_3.

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Littlemore, Linda, Paul Schober, and Fred Widmer. "Proteases, ice and peptide bonds." In Peptide Chemistry 1992, 185–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1474-5_55.

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Kakiuchi, Fumitoshi. "Catalytic Addition of C – H Bonds to C – C Multiple Bonds." In Topics in Organometallic Chemistry, 1–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3418_2007_064.

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Smith, Adrian L. "Addition to CC Multiple Bonds (Except for CC Bond Formation)." In Handbook of Combinatorial Chemistry, 305–21. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603034.ch11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bonds (Chemistry)"

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Noordam, L. D., B. Broers, P. Balling, D. J. Maas, and H. B. van Linden van den Heuvell. "Climbing a Ladder System by Frequency Chirped Laser Pulses." In International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1994.thc.3.

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Excitation of vibrations of chemical bonds in molecules is of considerable interest for controlling chemical reactions. Ever since the advent of the laser, chemists have been dreaming about the possibility to use laser light to selectively excite molecular bonds all the way up to the dissociation limit. Direct single photon excitation to a highly excited vibrational state is forbidden due to the very small overlap between the initial and final state. This necessitates a step-wise excitation. So far two complications have frustrated this quest for bond-selective chemistry. Firstly, the anharmonicity of a chemical bond makes it difficult to attain a high level of vibrational excitation: although the ground state can be depleted in favour of the first excited state upon irradiation with a precisely tuned laser, further excitation steps will require slightly different frequencies. Secondly, the time scale on which the vibrational energy in a given bond delocalizes by redistributing itself through the molecule is very short (picosecond range).
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Mikkola, Satu, Ulla Kaukinen, Izabella Zagorowska, and Harri Lönnberg. "The cleavage of RNA phosphodiester bonds by metal ions." In XIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200205121.

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Goldsmith, David, and Alexei Novikov. "Functionalization of Double Bonds via Cationic Sulfenyl-X Additions." In The 4th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-4-01839.

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Chernuha, Valeria, Sergey Zelentsov, and Dmitriy Fomichev. "Hydrogen bonds in the phenol-formaldehyde-orthonaphthoquinondiazide-water system." In The 21st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-21-04753.

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Kim, Bioh, Thorsten Matthias, Markus Wimplinger, Paul Kettner, and Paul Lindner. "Comparison of Enabling Wafer Bonding Techniques for TSV Integration." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40002.

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In this study are compared the technical merits and demerits of three bonding methods suitable for manufacturing 3D-ICs. Patterned metal thermo-compression bonding facilitates fine-pitch, high-density TSV stacking with lower electrical resistance and higher mechanical strength. Direct Cu-Cu bonding is preferred over transient liquid phase bonding with Sn or Sn alloys, but reliable Cu-Cu bonds result only from high process temperature and long process time. Both bonding temperature and post-bond annealing temperature have the most significant influence on Cu-Cu bond properties. The pre-bonding of silicon oxide bonds occurs at room temperature and thus does not induce any run-out errors in wafer alignment, resulting in higher post-bond alignment accuracy. Subsequent heating to high temperatures is necessary to achieve covalent bonds, but modifying the surface chemistry by plasma activation allows the formation of strong chemical bonds at significantly lower annealing temperatures (200–400°C). Adhesive bonding has such advantages as low bonding temperature and process time compared to metal bonding, the tolerance to wafer topography and surface conditions, and the ability to join any wafer materials. However, the material reflow imposes some challenges for maintaining the alignment accuracy and another major concern is the reliability of polymer adhesives during the post-bond processes.
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Perona, Almudena, Dionisia Sanza, Rosa Claramunta, and José Elguero. "Syntheses and Structural Studies of New Molecules Involving Hydrogen Bonds." In The 9th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-9-01472.

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Parsch, Jörg, and Joachim W. Engels. "C–F···H–C hydrogen bonds in crystals of fluorobenzene ribonucleosides." In XIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css199902011.

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Koll, Liliana, Darío Gerbino, M. Faraoni, Verónica Dodero, and Julio Podestá. "Bulky Organotin Hydrides in Palladium Catalized Hydrostannation of Terminal Triple Bonds." In The 8th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-8-01961.

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Bungay, Corey L., Thomas E. Tiwald, and John A. Woollam. "Characterizing UV induced polymer degradation with spectroscopic ellipsometry." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.tuf.5.

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Polymers are susceptible to altered chemistry from UV radiation. The absorption of UV photons can promote breakage of important functional groups and structural bonds, such as C=C and C=O [1]. When an organic molecule absorbs UV radiation, it will be excited into higher energy states and possibly dissociate bonds. Dissociated radical species can then participate in additional reactions. Changes in chemistry may affect optical properties, which can have serious effects for polymers used in optical systems.
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Li, Ziwei. "NBO Analysis Based on CPLD Between Water Molecules Hydrogen Bonds." In 2016 5th International Conference on Environment, Materials, Chemistry and Power Electronics. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcpe-16.2016.63.

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Reports on the topic "Bonds (Chemistry)"

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Hartwig, John. Chemistry of Complexes with Transition Metal Heteroatom Bonds Novel Insertion Chemistry and XH Bond Activation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1035516.

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Liu, Cheng-Hsin, Ha L. Nguyen, and Omar M. Yaghi. Reticular Chemistry and Harvesting Water from Desert Air. AsiaChem Magazine, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51167/acm00007.

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Although chemists, in general, are concerned with the art and science of constructing molecules and understanding their behavior, for a long time the idea that such molecules can be linked together by strong bonds to make infinite, extended structures were fraught with failure. The notion of using molecular building blocks to make such structures invariably led to chaotic, ill-defined materials and therefore not only defying the chemists’ need to exert their will on the design of matter but also preventing them from deciphering the atomic arrangement of such products. The field remained undeveloped for most of the twentieth century, and it was taken as an article of faith that linking molecules by strong bonds to make extended structures is a “waste of time” because “it doesn’t work.”
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Venedicto, Melissa, and Cheng-Yu Lai. Facilitated Release of Doxorubicin from Biodegradable Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Florida International University, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009774.

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Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death for women in the United States. The current treatment with chemotherapy drugs has significant side effects and may cause harm to healthy cells rather than cancer cells. In order to combat the potential side effects, nanoparticles composed of mesoporous silica were created to house the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). The silica network contains the drug, and a pH study was conducted to determine the conditions for the nanoparticle to disperse the drug. The introduction of disulfide bonds within the nanoparticle created a framework to efficiently release 97% of DOX in acidic environments and 40% release in neutral environments. The denotation of acidic versus neutral environments was important as cancer cells are typically acidic. The chemistry was proved with the incubation of the loaded nanoparticle into HeLa cells for a cytotoxicity report and confocal imaging. The use of the framework for the anticancer drug was shown to be effective for the killing of cancerous cells.
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Butler, L. J. [Bond selective chemistry beyond the adiabatic approximation]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7070065.

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C. F. Melius and M. D. Allendorf. Bond additivity corrections for quantum chemistry methods. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/751014.

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Boyer, J. H. Nitrolysis of the CN Single Bond and Related Chemistry of Nitro and Nitroso Groups. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada151753.

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Butler, L. J. [Bond selective chemistry beyond the adiabatic approximation]. Technical progress report, September 15, 1992--June 14, 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10133442.

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Chemistry of oxygenates on transition metal surfaces: Activation of C- H, C-C, and C-O bonds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7202787.

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Chemistry of oxygenates on transition metal surfaces: Activation of C- H, C-C, and C-O bonds. Progress report, December 15, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10182066.

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