Journal articles: 'BONE CEMENTS/therapeutic use'

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Catena, Vittorio, Guilhem Roubaud, Amandine Crombe, Michèle Kind, Jean Palussiere, and Xavier Buy. "Image-Guided Bone Consolidation in Oncology." Seminars in Interventional Radiology 35, no. 04 (October 2018): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669468.

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AbstractOccurrence of bone metastases is a common event in oncology. Bone metastases are associated with pain, functional impairment, and fractures, particularly when weight-bearing bones are involved. Management of bone metastases has been improved by the development of various interventional radiology consolidation techniques. Cementoplasty is based on injection of acrylic cement into a weakened bone to reinforce it and to control pain. This minimally invasive technique has proven its efficacy for flat bone submitted to compression forces. However, resistance to torsion forces is limited and, thus, treatment of long bones should be considered with caution. In recent years, variant techniques of percutaneous bone consolidation have emerged, including expansion devices for vertebral augmentation and percutaneous screw fixation for pelvic bone and proximal femur tumors. Research projects are ongoing to develop drug-loaded cements to use them as therapeutic vectors. However, release of drugs is still poorly controlled and conventional polymethylmethacrylate cement remains the gold standard in oncology. Image-guided consolidation techniques enhance the array of treatments in bone oncology. Multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to select the best indications.

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Ford, Samuel E., and J. Kent Ellington. "Management of Distal Tibial Metaphyseal Bone Defects With an Intramedullary Nitinol Scaffold: A Novel Technique." Foot & Ankle Specialist 10, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640016679708.

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Difficult problems that are faced when reconstructing severe pilon fractures include filling metaphyseal defects and supporting an impacted, multifragmented articular surface. Supplements to plate fixation currently available in a surgeon’s armamentarium include cancellous bone autograft, structural bone allograft, demineralized bone matrix, and calcium-based cements. Cancellous autograft possesses limited inherent mechanical stability and is associated with graft site morbidity. Structural allografts incorporate inconsistently and are plagued by late resorption. Demineralized bone matrix also lacks inherent structural stability. Calcium phosphate cements are not rigidly fixed to bone unless fixation is applied from cortical bone or through a plate, which must be taken into consideration when planning fixation. The Conventus DRS (Conventus Orthopaedics, Maple Grove, MN) implant is an expandable nitinol scaffold that takes advantage of the elasticity and shape memory of nitinol alloy. Once deployed and locked, it serves as a stable intramedullary base for fragment-specific periarticular fracture fixation, even in the face of metaphyseal bone loss. Two cases of successful implant use are presented. In both cases, the implant is used to fill a metaphyseal void and provide stable articular support to the distal tibial plafond. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic Level V: Case Report, Expert Opinion

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Beenken, Karen E., Laura Bradney, William Bellamy, Robert A. Skinner, Sandra G. McLaren, M. Johannes Gruenwald, Horace J. Spencer, James K. Smith, Warren O. Haggard, and Mark S. Smeltzer. "Use of Xylitol To Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of Polymethylmethacrylate-Based Antibiotic Therapy in Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 11 (September 4, 2012): 5839–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01127-12.

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ABSTRACTUsing a rabbit model of postsurgical osteomyelitis, we demonstrate that incorporation of xylitol into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement enhances the elution of daptomycin underin vivoconditions. We also demonstrate that this can be correlated with an improved therapeutic outcome in the treatment of a chronic bone infection following surgical debridement.

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Iwasaki, Yasuhiko. "Bone Mineral Affinity of Polyphosphodiesters." Molecules 25, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030758.

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Biomimetic molecular design is a promising approach for generating functional biomaterials such as cell membrane mimetic blood-compatible surfaces, mussel-inspired bioadhesives, and calcium phosphate cements for bone regeneration. Polyphosphoesters (PPEs) are candidate biomimetic polymer biomaterials that are of interest due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural similarity to nucleic acids. While studies on the synthesis of PPEs began in the 1970s, the scope of their use as biomaterials has increased in the last 20 years. One advantageous property of PPEs is their molecular diversity due to the presence of multivalent phosphorus in their backbones, which allows their physicochemical and biointerfacial properties to be easily controlled to produce the desired molecular platforms for functional biomaterials. Polyphosphodiesters (PPDEs) are analogs of PPEs that have recently attracted interest due to their strong affinity for biominerals. This review describes the fundamental properties of PPDEs and recent research in the field of macromolecular bone therapeutics.

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Anagnostakos, Konstantinos. "Therapeutic Use of Antibiotic-loaded Bone Cement in the Treatment of Hip and Knee Joint Infections." Journal of Bone and Joint Infection 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jbji.16067.

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Abstract. The use of antibiotic-loaded cement spacers is an established method in the management of periprosthetic hip and knee joint infections. Despite inconsistencies among published studies, data shows that infection control rates exceed 90% with two-stage exchange arthroplasty. The present work reviews the current literature about antibiotic-loaded cement spacers and concentrates on the indications for spacer implantation, spacer production details, antibiotic impregnation, pharmacokinetic properties, clinical success, mechanical complications, and systemic safety.

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Kinne, Raimund W., Francesca Gunnella, Elke Kunisch, Sascha Heinemann, Berthold Nies, Stefan Maenz, Victoria Horbert, et al. "Performance of Calcium Phosphate Cements in the Augmentation of Sheep Vertebrae—An Ex Vivo Study." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 3873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143873.

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Oil-based calcium phosphate cement (Paste-CPC) shows not only prolonged shelf life and injection times, but also improved cohesion and reproducibility during application, while retaining the advantages of fast setting, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. In addition, poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) fiber reinforcement may decrease the risk for local extrusion. Bone defects (diameter 5 mm; depth 15 mm) generated ex vivo in lumbar (L) spines of female Merino sheep (2–4 years) were augmented using: (i) water-based CPC with 10% PLGA fiber reinforcement (L3); (ii) Paste-CPC (L4); or (iii) clinically established polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement (L5). Untouched (L1) and empty vertebrae (L2) served as controls. Cement performance was analyzed using micro-computed tomography, histology, and biomechanical testing. Extrusion was comparable for Paste-CPC(-PLGA) and PMMA, but significantly lower for CPC + PLGA. Compressive strength and Young’s modulus were similar for Paste-CPC and PMMA, but significantly higher compared to those for empty defects and/or CPC + PLGA. Expectedly, all experimental groups showed significantly or numerically lower compressive strength and Young’s modulus than those of untouched controls. Ready-to-use Paste-CPC demonstrates a performance similar to that of PMMA, but improved biomechanics compared to those of water-based CPC + PLGA, expanding the therapeutic arsenal for bone defects. O, significantly lower extrusion of CPC + PLGA fibers into adjacent lumbar spongiosa may help to reduce the risk of local extrusion in spinal surgery.

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Amaral, Cleriston Silva dos Santos, Amanda Felix Gonçalves Tomaz, Igor José de Oliveira Campos, Eros Ruan de Medeiros, João Victor Freire de Paula, Evaldo Henrique Pessoa da Costa, Amanda Feitoza da Silva, Fellipe Moraes Pereira Figueiredo, and Ana Paula Araújo Teixeira. "Current concepts related to the use of bioceramic materials in Dentistry." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2020): e34191211277. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i12.11277.

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Endodontics is the specialty that covers the control of inflammation of the root canal, the etiology, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic intervention of diseases associated with the pulp. The objective of the present study is to highlight the current concepts related to the use of bioceramic materials in dentistry. This is a literature review article, developed through a bibliographic survey in the databases Medline, PubMed, Scielo and Periodicos CAPES. The present study showed a gradual increase in research related to bioceramic cements, which may attribute this interest to the importance of having a constant search for improvement of the techniques and materials used to recover oral health. In addition, a broad clinical applicability of these materials in Endodontics was highlighted, due to the evidence found regarding the advantageous properties, such as their excellent biocompatibility, ability to bond to dentin, good radiopacity, better handling conditions, appropriate setting time, bactericidal activity, bioactivity and still, do not cause stains in dental structures, characteristics sought for a restorative material to be efficient.

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Ntalos, D., M. Priemel, C. Schlickewei, D. M. Thiesen, J. M. Rueger, and A. S. Spiro. "Therapeutic Management of a Substantial Pelvic Aneurysmatic Bone Cyst Including the Off-Label Use of Denosumab in a 35-Year-Old Female Patient." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9125493.

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Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC) are benign bone tumors, which are highly vascularized. The main course of treatment is curettage followed by bone grafting or cement insertion. Still recurrence remains a main problem for patients. Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody, which acts as an inhibitor of the RANK/RANKL pathway, diminishing bone turnover. Recent case reports have shown that Denosumab can be a promising therapeutic agent for people suffering from therapy-resistant ABC. We report the case of a 35-year-old female patient presenting with a pronounced ABC of the pelvis. Since the tumor was inoperable, Denosumab was administered, leading to a significant shrinkage of the lesion, which allowed surgical intervention. Upon recurrence, Denosumab was restarted putting the patient once more into remission. Follow-up was four years overall with a clinical and radiological stable disease for fifteen months after final discontinuation of the monoclonal antibody. Therefore, our case further underlines the potential of Denosumab in the treatment of ABC.

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Kerry, Ghassan, Claus Ruedinger, and Hans-Herbert Steiner. "Cement embolism into the venous system after pedicle screw fixation: case report, literature review, and prevention tips." Orthopedic Reviews 5, no. 3 (September 12, 2013): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/or.2013.e24.

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The strength of pedicle screws attachment to the vertebrae is an important factor affecting their motion resistance and long term performance. Low bone quality, <em>e.g</em>. in osteopenic patients, keeps the screw bone interface at risk for subsidence and dislocation. In such cases, bone cement could be used to augment pedicle screw fixation. But its use is not free of risk. Therefore, clinicians, especially spine surgeons, radiologists, and internists should become increasingly aware of cement migration and embolism as possible complications. Here, we present an instructive case of cement embolism into the venous system after augmented screw fixation with fortunately asymptomatic clinical course. In addition we discuss pathophysiology and prevention methods as well as therapeutic management of this potentially life-threatening complication in a comprehensive review of the literature. However, only a few case reports of cement embolism into the venous system were published after augmented screw fixation.

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Montgomery, Corey, Cory Couch, Cynthia Emory, and Richard Nicholas. "Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: Review of Current Literature, Evaluation, and Treatment Options." Journal of Knee Surgery 32, no. 04 (November 16, 2018): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1675815.

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AbstractGiant cell tumor of bone is a benign albeit aggressive tumor commonly affecting the bones of the knee. Patients with these tumors present with pain, swelling, and inability to bear weight on the involved extremity. These destructive tumors typically arise in the metaphyseal region of the long bones in individuals in the second, third, and fourth generations of life. Histologically, the multinucleated giant cells are the hallmark of the lesion, easily recognized on histological review, which recently have become therapeutic targets for medical management of the disease. For decades, surgical management has been the primary treatment for giant cell tumor of the bone. Some tumors can be treated with excision and filling of the osseous void with bone cement or allograft. This is an effective treatment option with a low to moderate risk of local recurrence while preserving limb function. For more destructive tumors, wide excision and reconstruction with prosthetic, structural allograft or combined allograft prosthetic components are utilized. Advances in medical management of the disease have also demonstrated promise as an effective treatment; however, its use has usually been limited to the treatment of metastatic disease, recurrent disease or when advanced local disease would require surgical treatment felt to be overly morbid.

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Taveira, Gabriela Monte Tenorio, Felipe Da Silva Marinho, Antonio Marcelo Gonçalves de Souza, and Wagner cabral Gomes Carneiro. "Locally advanced GCTB recurrence after neoadjuvant denosumab use." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e23507-e23507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e23507.

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e23507 Background: Giant Cell Tumor of Bone is a RANK/RANK-ligand (RANKL) positive, aggressive, locally destructive tumor leading to pain and impairment of movement and limb function. Even though surgery remains the standard treatment, the use of denosumab, monoclonal antibody RANK-L inhibitor is associated with tumor response and surgical morbidity, with downstaging benefit. Methods: All GCTB patients from 2005 to 2020 from Pernambuco Cancer Center Hospital were included in the study and followed up. All patients received Denosumab 120mg on D1, D8 and D15 (attack phase), and maintenance phase of 120mg monthly. Results: A total of Fifty GCTB Patients were included in the study, being mostly women (62%), between 21-40 yrs. old (56%), Capanacci III (72%), with tumors located in femur (41%), tibia (23%), and more rarely in talus or orbit. Denosumab neoadjuvant was prescribed to 40 patients, being 28 locally advanced disease and 12 irresectable or metastatic disease, with a median of 10 doses received. Among resectable Patients, after neoadjuvant denosumab, 25 were submitted to intralesional surgery (curettage/bone cement) and 3 to en-bloc surgery/prothesis. Overall recurrence after neoadjuvant denosumab was observed in 22% (9/40) and 32% (8/25) among Patients that received neoadjuvant denosumab and intralesional surgery. Denosumab was approved for irresectable GCTB, or when surgery may render high morbidity. Neoadjuvant Denosumab use has been related to lower recurrence rate, as well as reduction in invasive procedures morbidity and sequelae in motricity. In the present study, recurrence rate of 22%, regardless of the therapeutic modality applied, corroborates recurrence rates in published data (16-30%). Among locally advanced patients, even though recurrence rates are expectedly higher, there were lower rates of aggressive surgery and joint preservation. Motor sequelae was observed in 12,5% (5/40) of patients, with quality of life improvement and pain reduction after treatment. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant denosumab for GCTB provides promising results, with acceptable recurrence rates, as well as a less aggressive approach, with lower risk of morbidity or sequelae and excellent safety profile.

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Hasan, Raquib, Abbey Wohlers, Jacob Shreffler, Pranothi Mulinti, Hunter Ostlie, Codi Schaper, Benjamin Brooks, and Amanda Brooks. "An Antibiotic-Releasing Bone Void Filling (ABVF) Putty for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis." Materials 13, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 5080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225080.

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The number of total joint replacements (TJR) is on the rise with a corresponding increase in the number of infected TJR, which necessitates revision surgeries. Current treatments with either non-biodegradable, antibiotic-releasing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based bone cement, or systemic antibiotic after surgical debridement do not provide effective treatment due to fluctuating antibiotic levels at the site of infection. Here, we report a biodegradable, easy-to-use “press-fitting” antibiotic-releasing bone void filling (ABVF) putty that not only provides efficient antibiotic release kinetics at the site of infection but also allows efficient osseointegration. The ABVF formulation was prepared using poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polycaprolactone (PCL) as the polymer matrix, antibiotic vancomycin, and osseointegrating synthetic bone PRO OSTEON for bone-growth support. ABVF was homogenous, had a porous structure, was moldable, and showed putty-like mechanical properties. The ABVF putty released vancomycin for 6 weeks at therapeutic level. Furthermore, the released vancomycin showed in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus for 6 weeks. Vancomycin was not toxic to osteoblasts. Finally, ABVF was biodegradable in vivo and showed an effective infection control with the treatment group showing significantly higher bone growth (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. The potential of infection treatment and osseointegration makes the ABVF putty a promising treatment option for osteomyelitis after TJR.

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Zhang, Bin, and Min Dai. "Filler Materials Used in Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fractures." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.766.

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Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease and the most common cause of fractures in older adults. Vertebral compression fracture (VCF) is the most common complication in patients with osteoporosis. At present, vertebroplasty (VP) and kyphoplasty (KP) are two minimally invasive techniques used to treat osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. In clinical use, KP and VP have stable and reliable therapeutic effects. However, there are still some complications and issues surrounding KP and VP application, and for long-term clinical follow-up. Thus, it is important to continue to improve the technology of the ﬁller materials used in KP and VP in order to evolve the biomechanical characteristics of the postoperative vertebra, and to reduce the incidence of complications. The ﬁller materials used for both techniques require good biocompatibility, good biomechanical strength and stiffness, and good radiopacity for the ﬂuoroscopy guided procedures. PMMA and new ﬁller materials (calcium phosphate cement, calcium sulfate cement, composite materials) are now available for clinical use. In this review paper, we will focus on the issues and characteristics of these ﬁller materials.

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Zhao, Bingjiao, Jing Chen, Liru Zhao, Jiajia Deng, and Qiang Li. "A simvastatin-releasing scaffold with periodontal ligament stem cell sheets for periodontal regeneration." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 18 (January 2020): 228080001990009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800019900094.

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Simvastatin (SIM) has been documented to induce the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). To establish an efficient release system for periodontal regeneration, a polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane scaffold containing SIM was electrospun and evaluated. The obtained PCL–SIM membrane scaffold showed sustained release up to 28 days, without deleterious effect on proliferation of PDLSCs on the scaffolds. PDLSCs were seeded onto scaffolds and their osteogenic differentiation was evaluated. After 21 days, expressions of collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein genes were significantly upregulated and mineralized matrix formation was increased on the PCL–SIM scaffolds compared with the PCL scaffolds. In a heterotopic periodontal regeneration model, a cell sheet–scaffold construct was assembled by placement of multilayers of PDLSC sheets on PCL or PCL–SIM scaffolds, and these were then placed between dentin and ceramic bovine bone for subcutaneous implantation in athymic mice. After 8 weeks, the PCL–SIM membrane showed formation of significantly more ectopic cementum-like mineral on the dentin surface. These findings demonstrated that the PCL–SIM membrane scaffold promotes cementum-like tissue formation by sustained drug release, suggesting the feasibility of its therapeutic use with PDLSC sheets to improve periodontal regeneration.

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Sauro, Salvatore, Vicente Faus-Matoses, Irina Makeeva, Juan Manuel Nuñez Martí, Raquel Gonzalez Martínez, José Antonio García Bautista, and Vicente Faus-Llácer. "Effects of Polyacrylic Acid Pre-Treatment on Bonded-Dentine Interfaces Created with a Modern Bioactive Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement and Subjected to Cycling Mechanical Stress." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 2, 2018): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101884.

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Objectives: Resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGIC) are considered excellent restorative materials with unique therapeutic and anti-cariogenic activity. However, concerns exist regarding the use of polyacrylic acid as a dentine conditioner as it may influence the bonding performance of RMGIC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different protocols for cycling mechanical stress on the bond durability and interfacial ultramorphology of a modern RMGIC applied to dentine pre-treated with/without polyacrylic acid conditioner (PAA). Methods: The RMGIC was applied onto human dentine specimens prepared with silicon-carbide (SiC) abrasive paper with or without the use of a PAA conditioner. The specimens were immersed in deionised water for 24 h then divided in 3 groups. The first group was cut into matchsticks (cross-sectional area of 0.9 mm2) and tested immediately for microtensile bond strength (MTBS). The second was first subjected to load cycling (250,000 cycles; 3 Hz; 70 N) and then cut into matchsticks and tested for MTBS. The third group was subjected to load cycling (250,000 cycles; 3 Hz; 70 N), cut into matchsticks, and then immersed for 8 months storage in artificial saliva (AS); these were finally tested for MTBS. The results were analysed statistically using two-way ANOVA and the Student–Newman–Keuls test (α = 0.05). Fractographic analysis was performed using FE-SEM, while further RMCGIC-bonded dentine specimens were aged as previously described and used for interfacial ultramorphology characterisation (dye nanoleakage) using confocal microscopy. Results: The RMGIC applied onto dentine that received no pre-treatment (10% PAA gel) showed no significant reduction in MTBS after load cycling followed by 8 months of storage in AS (p > 0.05). The RMGIC–dentine interface created in PAA-conditioned SiC-abraded dentine specimens showed no sign of degradation, but with porosities within the bonding interface both after load cycling and after 8 months of storage in AS. Conversely, the RMGIC–dentine interface of the specimens with no PAA pre-treatment showed no sign of porosity within the interface after any of the aging protocols, although some bonded-dentine interfaces presented cohesive cracks within the cement after prolonged AS storage. However, the specimens of this group showed no significant reduction in bond strength (p < 0.05) after 8 months of storage in AS or load cycling (p > 0.05). After prolonged AS storage, the bond strength value attained in RMGIC–dentine specimens created in PAA pre-treated dentine were significantly higher than those observed in the specimens created with no PAA pre-treatment in dentine. Conclusions: PAA conditioning of dentine prior to application of RMGIC induces no substantial effect on the bond strength after short-term storage, but its use may increase the risk of collagen degradation at the bonding interface after prolonged aging. Modern RMGIC applied without PAA dentine pre-treatment may have greater therapeutic synergy with saliva during cycle occlusal load, thereby enhancing the remineralisation and protection of the bonding interface.

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Vaduva, Razvan Cristian, Ilaria Lorena Petrovici, Mihai Catalin Tenovici, Danut Nicolae Tarnita, Dragoş Laurenţiu Popa, Otilia Rogoveanu, and Bogdan Capitanescu. "A Three Dimensional Virtual System Used to Analyze the Normal and Prosthetic Joint of the Hip." Advanced Engineering Forum 34 (October 2019): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.34.165.

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Treatment of hip pathology has evolved over the last two centuries, ranging from rudimentary surgical procedures to modern hip arthroplasty, with an explosion marked in the last 30 years, considered to be one of the most successful surgeries to date. Hip arthroplasty is a permanent challenge due to the desire to discover the "supreme prosthesis", for which competition is still open. Hip disorders requiring prosthesis show a change in articular morphology. Among the most common medical conditions that have as final therapeutic solution hip arthroplasty are: coxarthrosis, both primary and secondary, followed by traumatic conditions: femoral neck collapse and femoral neck pseudarthrosis, aseptic head necrosis femoral stage III, as well as rheumatic coxitis from rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis or juvenile art. Endoprosthetic arthroplasty can be defined as an intervention of reconstructive surgery with bone sacrifice and prosthetic replacement of the articular components. It is, in the end, an operation aimed at restoring joint mobility and normal functioning of the muscles, ligaments and other periarticular structures that control joint movement. The materials initially used (glass, metal, plastic) did not have the desired bone strength and integration capacity. It followed the development of cemented implants, obtaining different types of cement with better and better quality. Problems arising from cemented arthroplasty (decimation, involving prosthetic revision) have led to a parallel development of the design and materials used for uncured prostheses with the possibility of very good integration of prosthetic material into the bone, raising them to the top of preferences in recent years. Treatment of hip pathology has evolved over the last two centuries, ranging from rudimentary surgical procedures to modern hip arthroplasty, with an explosion marked in the last 30 years, considered to be one of the most successful surgeries to date. The purpose of this study was to obtain the three-dimensional models of the hip joint and the prosthesis for the use of these models for various analyzes and virtual experiments. At the end of the paper important conclusions were drawn based on the results obtained in the simulations using the finite element method.

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Knabe, Christine, Georg Berger, Renate Gildenhaar, Paul Ducheyne, and Michael Stiller. "Novel, Rapidly Resorbable Bioceramic Bone Grafts Produce a Major Osteogenic Effect - The Pre-Clinical Evidence." Advances in Science and Technology 76 (October 2010): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.76.214.

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Although autogenous bone grafts are currently the standard of care for bone reconstruction in implant dentistry, bone substitute materials are extensively studied in order to avoid harvesting autogenous bone. Recently, the use of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and bioactive glass 45S5 particles as alloplastic bone graft materials for alveolar ridge augmentation and sinus floor elevation procedures has received increasing attention in implant dentistry. However, given the clinical findings with these current bone substitute materials there continues to be interest in bone substitute materials which degrade more rapidly, but still stimulate osteogenesis at the same time. As a result considerable efforts have been undertaken to produce rapidly resorbable bone substitute materials, which exhibit good bone bonding behaviour by stimulating enhanced bone formation at the interface in combination with a high degradation rate. This has led to the synthesis of a new series of bioactive, rapidly resorbable calcium alkali phosphate materials. These are glassy crystalline calcium alkali orthophosphates, which exhibit stable crystalline Ca2KNa(PO4)2 phases. These materials have a higher solubility than TCP and therefore they are designed to exhibit a higher degree of biodegradability than TCP. On this basis, they are considered as excellent alloplastic materials for alveolar ridge augmentation. In order to evaluate the osteogenic potential in vitro, we first examined the effect of various rapidly resorbable calcium alkali orthophosphate bone grafting materials on the expression of osteogenic markers characteristic of the osteoblastic phenotype in vitro and compared this behaviour to that of the currently clinically used materials β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and bioactive glass 45S5. These studies showed that several calcium alkali orthophosphate materials supported osteoblast differentiation to a greater extent than TCP. In specific, we were able to demonstrate that the glassy-crystalline calium alkali orthophosphate material GB9, which contains the crystalline phase Ca2KNa(PO4)2 and a small amorphous portion containing silica phosphate, had a significantly greater stimulatory effect on osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation when compared to β-TCP, preconditioned bioactive glass 45S5, and other calcium alkali orthophosphate materials of varying composition. Applying this type of in vitro assays is based on the hypothesis that enhanced osteoblastic cell differentiation in vitro leads to more expeditious and more copious bone formation at the bone-biomaterial interface in vivo. In order to test this hypothesis correlation of the in vitro and in vivo data is needed. This includes (1) correlating quantitative expression of the osteogenic markers in vitro with the amount of bone formed after bioceramics implantation. (2) Quantifying the expression of these markers in histological sections obtained from in vivo experiments in comparison to the expression of the various markers in vitro. To this end, we then examined the effect of the same selection of bioactive ceramics (previously studied in vitro) on osteogenic marker expression and bone formation after implantation in the sheep mandible and sinus floor in vivo. Of the various grafting materials studied, GB9 showed the best bone-bonding behavior and had the greatest stimulatory effect on bone formation and expression of osteogenic markers, while exhibiting the highest biodegradability. Consequently, these findings were in accordance with those of the preceding in vitro study, in which GB9 showed the greatest stimulatory effect on osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Since the cell adhesion and intracellular signaling events which lead to this stimulatory effect on osteogenesis are not fully understood, we then elucidated the mechanisms by which these bioactive bone substitutes stimulate the intracellular signalling pathways, which regulate osteoblast differentiation and cell survival. This included investigating: (1) solution mediated surface transformations, (2) serum protein adsorption events, (3) integrin-mediated cell adhesion mechanisms, and (4) intracellular signalling mechanisms. Furthermore, we then also correlated the findings from the preclinical in vivo animal studies with in vivo data from clinical studies, in which the effect of various calcium phosphate particulate bone grafting materials with varying porosity on bone formation and on osteogenic marker expression in biopsies sampled six months after sinus floor augmentation was studied, thereby rendering valuable insight in the performance of these materials in the human case as well as establishing a clinical study model for controlled clinical studies, which are required for taking novel bone grafting materials to the clinical area in an evidence-based fashion. This is in addition to confirming the adequacy of the applied animal model by correlating the in vivo animal findings to those obtained from human biopsies. Collectively, the gain of knowledge is being used to develop strategies for optimizing these bone grafting materials for a range of clinical applications so as to achieve an optimum stimulatory effect on osteogenesis. Consequently, current research efforts include studying injectable as well as mouldable resorbable calcium-alkali-phosphate-based bone substitute cements and three-dimensional calcium-alkali-phosphate-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering purposes. This is in addition to efforts towards personalized medicine that is identifying age-, gender- and hormone status related parameters in 100 bone regeneration patients (after sinus floor augmentation with calcium phosphate bone grafting materials) which can provide powerful predictive tools toward the therapeutic outcome in a given patient thereby facilitating tailoring individual treatment regimens with respect to bone augmentation for individual patients.

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Zhuang, Xueying, Lingli Ji, Huan Jiang, Yao Liu, Xuemei Liu, Jing Bi, Weidong Zhao, Zhenjiang Ding, and Xu Chen. "Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla Promote Dentine-Pulp Complex Regeneration by Inducing Specific Dentinogenesis." Stem Cells International 2020 (May 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5816723.

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Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are a new option for the treatment of dental pulp or periapical diseases in permanent teeth with open apices. Histologically, the new tissues formed in the root canal after REPs are mainly cementum- or bone-like mineralised tissues, but not the real dentine-pulp complex. Therefore, how to promote dentine-pulp complex regeneration and improve the clinical effects of REPs has become a prominent research topic. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) are derived from the dental papilla that can differentiate into primary odontoblasts and dental pulp cells that produce root dentine and dental pulp. Exosomes are the key regulator for the paracrine activity of stem cells and can influence the function of recipient cells. In this study, SCAP-derived exosomes (SCAP-Exo) were introduced into the root fragment containing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and transplanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. We observed that dental pulp-like tissues were present and the newly formed dentine was deposited onto the existing dentine in the root canal. Afterwards, the effects of SCAP-Exo on the dentinogenesis of BMMSCs were elucidated in vitro. We found that the gene and protein expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein and mineralised nodule formation in BMMSCs treated with SCAP-Exo were significantly increased. In summary, SCAP-Exo were endocytosed by BMMSCs and obviously improved their specific dentinogenesis. The use of exosomes derived from dental stem cells could comprise a potential therapeutic approach for dentine-pulp complex regeneration in REPs.

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Kabelitz, Method, Yannick Fritz, Patrick Grueninger, Christoph Meier, Patrick Fries, and Michael Dietrich. "Cementless Stem for Femoral Neck Fractures in a Patient’s 10th Decade of Life: High Rate of Periprosthetic Fractures." Geriatric Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation 9 (January 1, 2018): 215145931876538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2151459318765381.

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Background: Subsidence of cementless femoral stems in hemiarthroplasty (HA) and increased fracture rates are ongoing concerns of orthopedic surgeons when treating fractures in very old patients. Additionally, bone cement implantation syndrome may result in perioperative cardiac or pulmonary complications, especially in older patients, leading to morbidity and mortality. This study was performed to analyze possible subsidence and intraoperative fractures in a cohort of very old patients treated with cementless stems. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive cohort of patients aged ≥90 years with femoral neck fractures treated by uncemented HA and an anterior minimally invasive approach. Immediate full-weight bearing was allowed postoperatively. Pelvic radiographs were examined for subsidence immediately postoperatively and 6 weeks later. Results: We treated 109 patients (74% women; mean age, 93 years; range, 90-102 years) by HA from January 2010 to March 2016. The 30-day mortality rate was 16%, and the morbidity rate was 47%. There were 11 (12%) intraoperative fractures: 8 (Vancouver B2) had to be addressed immediately during the primary operation, while 3 (1 Vancouver B1 and 2 Vancouver AG) were treated conservatively. One periprosthetic femoral fracture (Vancouver B1) was documented during follow-up. In 17 patients, subsidence of >2.0 mm (median, 3.9 mm; range, 2.5-9.0 mm) was documented. Conclusion: Early subsidence was low in this very old cohort treated with an uncemented stem and not showing a periprosthetic fracture. The risk of intraoperative periprosthetic fractures was high. The use of uncemented implants in osteoporotic bone continues to be an intervention with high risk and should only be performed by experienced surgeons. Level of Evidence: Level III, Therapeutic study.

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Goto, K., J. Tamura, S. Shinzato, S. Fujibayashi, M. Hashimoto, M. Kawashita, T. Kokubo, and T. Nakamura. "Bioactive bone cements containing nano-sized titania particles for use as bone substitutes." Biomaterials 26, no. 33 (November 2005): 6496–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.044.

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Lye, Kok Weng, Henk Tideman, Matthias A. W. Merkx, and John A. Jansen. "Bone Cements and Their Potential Use in a Mandibular Endoprosthesis." Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 15, no. 4 (December 2009): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0139.

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Yousefi, Azizeh-Mitra. "A review of calcium phosphate cements and acrylic bone cements as injectable materials for bone repair and implant fixation." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 17, no. 4 (October 2019): 228080001987259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800019872594.

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Treatment of bone defects caused by trauma or disease is a major burden on human healthcare systems. Although autologous bone grafts are considered as the gold standard, they are limited in availability and are associated with post-operative complications. Minimally invasive alternatives using injectable bone cements are currently used in certain clinical procedures, such as vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty. Nevertheless, given the high incidence of fractures and pathologies that result in bone voids, there is an unmet need for injectable materials with desired properties for minimally invasive procedures. This paper provides an overview of the most common injectable bone cement materials for clinical use. The emphasis has been placed on calcium phosphate cements and acrylic bone cements, while enabling the readers to compare the opportunities and challenges for these two classes of bone cements. This paper also briefly reviews antibiotic-loaded bone cements used in bone repair and implant fixation, including their efficacy and cost for healthcare systems. A summary of the current challenges and recommendations for future directions has been brought in the concluding section of this paper.

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Zapata, Mayra Eliana Valencia, Carlos David Grande Tovar, and José Herminsul Mina Hernandez. "The Role of Chitosan and Graphene Oxide in Bioactive and Antibacterial Properties of Acrylic Bone Cements." Biomolecules 10, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10121616.

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Acrylic bone cements (ABC) are widely used in orthopedics for joint fixation, antibiotic release, and bone defect filling, among others. However, most commercially available ABCs exhibit a lack of bioactivity and are susceptible to infection after implantation. These disadvantages generate long-term loosening of the prosthesis, high morbidity, and prolonged and expensive treatments. Due to the great importance of acrylic bone cements in orthopedics, the scientific community has advanced several efforts to develop bioactive ABCs with antibacterial activity through several strategies, including the use of biodegradable materials such as chitosan (CS) and nanostructures such as graphene oxide (GO), with promising results. This paper reviews several studies reporting advantages in bioactivity and antibacterial properties after incorporating CS and GO in bone cements. Detailed information on the possible mechanisms by which these fillers confer bioactive and antibacterial properties to cements, resulting in formulations with great potential for use in orthopedics, are also a focus in the manuscript. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that presents the improvement in biological properties with CS and GO addition in cements that we believe will contribute to the biomedical field.

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Angelescu, Nicolae, Vasile Bratu, Elena Valentina Stoian, Dan Nicolae Ungureanu, and Ana-Maria Gurban. "Dental Cements." Scientific Bulletin of Valahia University - Materials and Mechanics 15, no. 13 (October 1, 2017): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsmm-2017-0014.

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AbstractCalcium-phosphate cements is one of the most popular types of biomaterials, both due to their specific properties of self - setting and of their superior biocompatibility.Although in general the phosphocalcic cements, which are the subject of the present paper, have somewhat lower mechanical properties than other biomaterials based on calcium and phosphorus, or even other dental cements of the same nature. The ceramic compositions presented in the present paper constitute a special category of biomaterials due to other notable advantages that characterize them. Thus, this category of materials is defined by a near-perfect adaptation to the surface of the biological tissue, as well as by a convenient resorption rate, processes followed by the generation of optimal bone formation. In this paper are presented principles of realization of the calcium-phosphate cements (raw materials and conditions of production), as well as the properties of these biomaterials, insisting, in particular, on the chemistry of the setting reactions. At the same time, informations regarding the possibilities of clinical use, such as implants are presented.

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DANESI, VALENTINA, CESARE FALDINI, and LUCA CRISTOFOLINI. "METHODS FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LONG-TERM MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF CEMENTS FOR VERTEBROPLASTY AND KYPHOPLASTY: CRITICAL REVIEW AND SUGGESTIONS FOR TEST METHODS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 17, no. 08 (December 2017): 1730002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519417300022.

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There is a growing interest towards bone cements for use in vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, as such spine procedures are becoming more and more common. Such cements feature different compositions, including both traditional acrylic cements and resorbable and bioactive materials. Due to the different compositions and intended use, the mechanical requirements of cements for spinal applications differ from those of traditional cements used in joint replacement. Because of the great clinical implications, it is very important to assess their long-term mechanical competence in terms of fatigue strength and creep. This paper aims at offering a critical overview of the methods currently adopted for such mechanical tests. The existing international standards and guidelines and the literature were searched for publications relevant to fatigue and creep of cements for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. While standard methods are available for traditional bone cements in general, no standard indicates specific methods or acceptance criteria for fatigue and creep of cements for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Similarly, a large number of papers were published on cements for joint replacements, but only few cover fatigue and creep of cements for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Furthermore, the literature was analyzed to provide some indications of tests parameters and acceptance criteria (number of cycles, duration in time, stress levels, acceptable amount of creep) for possible tests specifically relevant to cements for spinal applications.

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Fontaine, Marie-Laure, Christèle Combes, Thierry Sillam, Gérard Dechambre, and Cristian Rey. "New Calcium Carbonate-Based Cements for Bone Reconstruction." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.105.

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The feasibility of calcium carbonate-based cements involving the re-crystallization of metastable calcium carbonate varieties has been demonstrated. Two cement compositions were obtained by mixing either calcium carbonate phases (cement A) or a calcium carbonate and a calcium phosphate phase (cement B) with an aqueous media. These cements set and hardened after 30 minutes and 90 minutes respectively. The final composition of cement A was calcite and aragonite whereas cement B lead to a carbonated apatite analogous to bone mineral. Despite poor mechanical properties the presence of a high carbonate content in the final phase might be of interest to increase the cement resorption rate and to favour its replacement by bone tissue. First assays of implantation performed on fresh anatomical pieces (fresh cadavers) at 37°C revealed important advantages of such cement compositions: easiness of use, rapid setting, good adhesion to bone, very good homogeneity and stability of the cement.

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SALATA, Luiz Antonio, Cássio Edvard SVERZUT, and Samuel Porfírio XAVIER. "Recent advances in the use of glass ionomers: bone substitutes." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo 13, no. 2 (April 1999): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-06631999000200016.

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The purpose of this study is to update the reader upon the latest scientific trends concerning the use of glass ionomer cements (GICs). These materials which have been found of large clinical application in dentistry worldwide, have recently been successfully tested as bone substitutes in minor surgical procedures. The new perspectives of the use of glass ionomer as an osteoconductive material is analysed in the light of its biological properties as a restorative material.

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Cichoń, Ewelina, Bartosz Mielan, Elżbieta Pamuła, Anna Ślósarczyk, and Aneta Zima. "Development of highly porous calcium phosphate bone cements applying nonionic surface active agents." RSC Advances 11, no. 39 (2021): 23908–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04266a.

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Brauer, Delia S., Natalia Karpukhina, Gopal Kedia, Aditya Bhat, Robert V. Law, Izabela Radecka, and Robert G. Hill. "Bactericidal strontium-releasing injectable bone cements based on bioactive glasses." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 78 (January 6, 2013): 20120647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0647.

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Strontium-releasing injectable bone cements may have the potential to prevent implant-related infections through the bactericidal action of strontium, while enhancing bone formation in patients suffering from osteoporosis. A melt-derived bioactive glass (BG) series (SiO 2 –CaO–CaF 2 –MgO) with 0–50% of calcium substituted with strontium on a molar base were produced. By mixing glass powder, poly(acrylic acid) and water, cements were obtained which can be delivered by injection and set in situ , giving compressive strength of up to 35 MPa. Strontium release was dependent on BG composition with increasing strontium substitution resulting in higher concentrations in the medium. Bactericidal effects were tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis ; cell counts were reduced by up to three orders of magnitude over 6 days. Results show that bactericidal action can be increased through BG strontium substitution, allowing for the design of novel antimicrobial and bone enhancing cements for use in vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty for treating osteoporosis-related vertebral compression fractures.

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Tang, Zheng Hai, Xiao Wen Wang, Lin Pan, Yan Wen Hu, Yang Wu, Jie Ying Zhang, Shuai Cui, Ji Yao Kang, and Jin Tian Tang. "Preparation and Characterization of PMMA-Based Cements Containing Magnetic Nanoparticles for the Magnetic Hyperthermia." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.155.

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Three types of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)-based cements containing magnetic (Fe3O4) particles were developed and their properties were evaluated. The commercial available PMMA cement (PMMAc) was used as a control material. The setting time of the cement extended while the compressive strength of the samples decreased with increasing Fe3O4 content. There was no obvious difference in peak temperature between the cements during the setting reaction. The cement with 10 wt% Fe3O4 in an alternating magnetic field (AMF) of 125 Gs and cement with 20 wt% Fe3O4 in an AMF of 100 Gs could generate enough heat for the therapeutic hyperthermia of bone metastasis.

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Obradovic-Djuricic, Kosovka, Vesna Medic, Slobodan Dodic, Dragan Gavrilov, Djordje Antonijevic, and Milorad Zrilic. "Dilemmas in zirconia bonding: A review." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 141, no. 5-6 (2013): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1306395o.

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This article presents a literature review on the resin bond to zirconia ceramic. Modern esthetic dentistry has highly recognized zirconia, among other ceramic materials. Biocompatibility of zirconia, chemical and dimensional stability, excellent mechanical properties, all together could guarantee optimal therapeutical results in complex prosthodontic reconstruction. On the other hand, low thermal degradation, aging of zirconia as well as problematic bonding of zirconia framework to dental luting cements and tooth structures, opened the room for discussion concerning their clinical durability. The well known methods of mechanical and chemical bonding used on glass-ceramics are not applicable for use with zirconia. Therefore, under critical clinical situations, selection of the bonding mechanism should be focused on two important points: high initial bond strength value and long term bond strength between zirconia-resin interface. Also, this paper emphases the use of phosphate monomer luting cements on freshly air-abraded zirconia as the simplest and most effective way for zirconia cementation procedure today.

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Wetzel, Roland, Leena Hupa, and Delia S. Brauer. "Glass ionomer bone cements based on magnesium-containing bioactive glasses." Biomedical Glasses 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2019-0001.

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Abstract Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are used in restorative dentistry and their properties (low heat during setting, adhesion to mineralised tissue and surgical metals) make them of great interest for bone applications.However, dental GIC are based on aluminium-containing glasses, and the resulting release of aluminium ions from the cements needs to be avoided for applications as bone cements. Replacing aluminium ions in glasses for use in glass ionomer cements is challenging, as aluminium ions play a critical role in the required glass degradation by acid attack as well as in GIC mechanical stability. Magnesium ions have been used as an alternative for aluminium in the glass component, but so far no systematic study has looked into the actual role of magnesium ions. The aim of the present study is therefore the systematic comparison of the effect of magnesium ions compared to calcium ions in GIC glasses. It is shown that by partially substituting MgO for CaO in simple SiO2-CaO-CaF2 glasses, ion release from the glass and, subsequently, GIC setting behaviour can be adjusted. Magnesium ions act as typical network modifiers here but owing to their larger field strength compared to calcium ions reduce ion release from the glasses significantly. By choosing an optimum ratio of magnesium and calcium ions in the glass, GIC setting and subsequently compressive strength can be controlled.

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Dunbar, Michael J. "Antibiotic Bone Cements: Their Use in Routine Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty Is Justified." Orthopedics 32, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20090728-20.

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Luo, Jun, Julien Faivre, Håkan Engqvist, and Cecilia Persson. "The Addition of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers to Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Cement Can Improve Its Toughness." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091531.

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Calcium phosphate cements, and in particular hydroxyapatite cements, have been widely investigated for use as bone void fillers due to their chemical similarity to bone and related osteoconductivity. However, they are brittle, which limits their use to non-load-bearing applications. The aim of the current study was to improve the toughness of hydroxyapatite cements through fiber reinforcement. The effect of the addition of hydrophilic, poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) fibers to hydroxyapatite cement was evaluated in terms of mechanical properties, including compressive strength, diametral tensile strength and toughness (work of fracture), as well as setting time, phase composition and cement morphology. The fiber reinforcement enhanced the fracture resistance of the hydroxyapatite cement, but also simultaneously reduced the compressive strength and setting time of the cements. However, cement with 5 wt % of fibers (of the powder component) could be considered a good compromise, with a compressive strength of 46.5 ± 4.6 MPa (compared to 62.3 ± 12.8 MPa of that without fibers), i.e., still much greater than that of human trabecular bone (0.1–14 MPa). A significantly higher diametral tensile strength (9.2 ± 0.4 MPa) was found for this cement compared to that without fibers (7.4 ± 1.5 MPa). The work of fracture increased four times to 9.1 ± 1.5 kJ/m2 in comparison to the pristine apatite. In summary, the hydroxyapatite cements could be reinforced by suitable amounts of PVA fibers, which resulted in enhancing the material’s structural integrity and ductility, and increased the material’s resistance to cracking.

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Hurrell-Gillingham, K., Ian M. Reaney, I. M. Brook, and P. V. Hatton. "Novel Fe₂O₃-Containing Glass Ionomer Cements: Glass Characterisation." Key Engineering Materials 284-286 (April 2005): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.284-286.799.

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Glass-ionomer cements (GIC) have been used in dentistry for over 30 years. In the past ten years they have also been developed for use as medical grade bone cements. However, concerns have been raised over the biocompatibility of GIC’s in non-dental applications. The release of Al3+ ions from the cement has been related to localized poor bone mineralisation and neurotoxicity. There is a need therefore to develop Al2O3-free cements. One potential route is the substitution of Al2O3 with Fe2O3 in the glass. An Fe2O3-based glass for use in GIC‘s was fabricated. The glass was found to differ considerably compared to the traditional amorphous Al2O3-based glasses. XRD demonstrated a highly crystalline morphology containing magnetite and apatite which was confirmed using electron microscopy. It was predicted that the reduction in Al concentration in the glass would improve the biocompatibility of the resulting cement.

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Srakaew, Nuan La Ong, and Sirirat Tubsungnoen Rattanachan. "The pH-Dependent Properties of the Biphasic Calcium Phosphate for Bone Cements." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering 21 (August 2014): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.21.3.

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Self-setting calcium phosphate cement (CPC) has been used in bone repair and substitution due to their excellent biocompatibility, bioactive as well as simplicity of preparation and use. The inherent brittleness and slow degradation are the major disadvantages for the use of calcium phosphate cements. To improve the degradation for the traditional CPC, the apatite cement formula incorporated with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) with varying concentration were studied and the effect of the pH value of liquid phase on the properties of this new calcium phosphate cement formula was evaluated. The apatite cements containing β-TCP for 10 and 40 wt.% were mixed into the aqueous solution with different pH values and then aging in absolute humidity at 37°C for 7 days. The setting time and phase analysis of the biphasic calcium phosphate were determined as compared to the apatite cement. For proper medical application, the compressive strength, the phase analysis and the degradation of the CPC samples at pH 7.0 and 7.4 were evaluated after soaking in the simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37°C for 7 days. The results indicated that the properties of the samples such as the setting time, the compressive strength related to the phase analysis of the set cements. The high degradation of the CPC was found in the cement with increasing β-TCP addition due to the phase after setting. Apatite formation with oriented plate-like morphology was also found to be denser on the surface of the biphasic bone cements after soaking in SBF for 7 days. The obtained results indicated that the cement containing β-TCP mixed with the liquid phase at pH 7.4 could be considered as a highly biodegradable and bioactive bone cement, as compared to the traditional CPC.

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Oesterle, Annemarie, Anne Boehm, and Frank Müller. "Photoluminescent Eu3+-Doped Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement and Its Mechanical Properties." Materials 11, no. 9 (September 4, 2018): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11091610.

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Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are well-established bone replacement materials that have been used in dentistry and orthopedics for more than 25 years. The monitoring of bone cements and the associated healing processes in the human body is difficult and so far has often been achieved using cytotoxic X-ray contrast agent additives. These additives have a negative effect on the mechanical properties and setting time of the bone cement. In this paper, we present a novel approach to prepare contrastive CPC by the incorporation of luminescent Eu3+-doped hydroxyapatite (Eu:HAp) nanoparticles. Eu-doped CPC (Eu:CPC) exhibited enhanced mechanical properties compared to pure CPC. Furthermore, the red photoluminescence of Eu:CPC may allow the observation of CPC-related healing processes without the use of harmful ionizing radiation.

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Robo, Céline, David Wenner, S. J. Kumari A. Ubhayasekera, Jöns Hilborn, Caroline Öhman-Mägi, and Cecilia Persson. "Functional Properties of Low-Modulus PMMA Bone Cements Containing Linoleic Acid." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2021): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb12010005.

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Acrylic bone cements modified with linoleic acid are a promising low-modulus alternative to traditional high-modulus bone cements. However, several key properties remain unexplored, including the effect of autoclave sterilization and the potential use of low-modulus cements in other applications than vertebral augmentation. In this work, we evaluate the effect of sterilization on the structure and stability of linoleic acid, as well as in the handling properties, glass transition temperature, mechanical properties, and screw augmentation potential of low-modulus cement containing the fatty acid. Neither 1H NMR nor SFC-MS/MS analysis showed any detectable differences in autoclaved linoleic acid compared to fresh one. The peak polymerization temperature of the low-modulus cement was much lower (28–30 °C) than that of the high-modulus cement (67 °C), whereas the setting time remained comparable (20–25 min). The Tg of the low-modulus cement was lower (75–78 °C) than that of the high-stiffness cement (103 °C). It was shown that sterilization of linoleic acid by autoclaving did not significantly affect the functional properties of low-modulus PMMA bone cement, making the component suitable for sterile production. Ultimately, the low-modulus cement exhibited handling and mechanical properties that more closely match those of osteoporotic vertebral bone with a screw holding capacity of under 2000 N, making it a promising alternative for use in combination with orthopedic hardware in applications where high-stiffness augmentation materials can result in undesired effects.

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Zhuk, P. M., M. N. Matsipura, V. O. Movchaniuk, M. Yu Karpinskiy, O. D. Karpinska, V. P. Mazur, and S. S. Psyuk. "Experimental study of the mechanical properties of Palacos bone cements." TRAUMA 22, no. 3 (July 19, 2021): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/1608-1706.3.22.2021.236326.

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Background. Currently, bone cements are widely used in orthopedics. The range of prescriptions for bone cement use is very large, and requires different qualities depending on the purpose. Therefore, researchers are forced to conduct their own invetigations to study the mechanical properties of bone cements. The purpose was to determine in the experiment the value of an elastic modulus and ultimate strength of Palacos bone cements for further use in mathematical models of osteosynthesis and arthroplasty. Materials and methods. Samples of two brands of cement, Palacos R and Palacos fast, were examined. Samples with a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 10 mm were made from each type of cement. The study was carried out 2 hours and 2 days after polymerization. At each stage, 10 cement samples of each type were tested for compression. Results. After 2 hours of polymerization, the Palacos fast samples had a statistically significant advantage in terms of the tensile strength, which was 105.77 ± 3.19 MPa, over the Palacos R — 87.24 ± 3.70 MPa. The higher elastic modulus for Palacos fast samples — 2,942.50 ± 99.67 MPa compared to Palacos R — 82,542.40 ± 65.55 MPa turned out to be statistically significant. Two days after fabrication, the strength characteristics of bone cements changed upward. Thus, the ultimate strength of Palacos fast samples was determined within 116.39 ± 2.85 MPa, which is statistically significant higher than for Palacos R samples for which this indicator was within 95.58 ± 4.53 MPa. Similar tendencies were characteristic of an elastic modulus, which amounted to 3,048.93 ± 108.70 MPa for Palacos fast and 2,642.90 ± 22.93 MPa — for Palacos R samples. The value of the elastic modulus for both brands of bone cement has a statistically significant tendency to increase. On average, an elastic modulus for Palacos R cement increased by 4.0 ± 2.6 %, for Palacos fast samples — by 3.5 ± 1.4 %. Conclusions. Palacos R bone cement by the end of the polymerization process has an elastic modulus of 2,542.40 ± 65.55 MPa and a tensile strength of 87.24 ± 3.70 MPa, which is statistically significant lower (p = 0.001) than thereof Palacos fast cement (2,942.50 ± ± 99.67 MPa and 105.77 ± 3.19 MPa, respectively). The indicators of the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the samples of bone cement of both studied brands have a statistically significant (p = 0.001) tendency to increase within 2 days, on average by 9.6 ± 10.1 % and 3.5 ± 4.0 %, respectively. The obtained elastic modulus and ultimate strength of Palacos R and Palacos fast bone cements can be used for mathematical modeling of various types of arthroplasty.

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Artola, A. "Elimination of barium sulphate from acrylic bone cements. Use of two iodine-containing monomers." Biomaterials 24, no. 22 (October 2003): 4071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00298-9.

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PEREIRA, C. S., A. M. CUNHA, R. L. REIS, B. VÁZQUEZ, and J. SAN ROMÁN. "New starch-based thermoplastic hydrogels for use as bone cements or drug-delivery carriers." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 1998): 825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1008944127971.

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Lewis, Gladius. "Injectable bone cements for use in vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: State-of-the-art review." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 76B, no. 2 (2006): 456–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.30398.

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Belt, Hilbrand van de, Daniëlle Neut, Willem Schenk, Jim R. van Horn, Henny C. van der Mei, and Henk J. Busscher. "Infection of orthopedic implants and the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cements: A review." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 72, no. 6 (January 2001): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000164701317268978.

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Brook, I. M., G. T. Craig, and D. J. Lamb. "Initial in-vivo evaluation of glass-ionomer cements for use as alveolar bone substitutes." Clinical Materials 7, no. 4 (January 1991): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-6605(91)90073-o.

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Barros, A. A. A., A. Alves, C. Nunes, M. A. Coimbra, R. A. Pires, and R. L. Reis. "Carboxymethylation of ulvan and chitosan and their use as polymeric components of bone cements." Acta Biomaterialia 9, no. 11 (November 2013): 9086–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2013.06.036.

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Matthews, P. C., A. Taylor, I. Byren, and B. L. Atkins. "Teicoplanin use and therapeutic drug monitoring in bone infection." Journal of Infection 55, no. 3 (September 2007): e41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2007.04.021.

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Bell, Susan Givens. "The Therapeutic Use of Honey." Neonatal Network 26, no. 4 (July 2007): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.26.4.247.

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THE ANCIENTS WROTE OF THE healing properties of honey. A Sumerian tablet, possibly dated 3000 BCE, documents the treatment of an infected skin ulcer with honey. An Egyptian papyrus dated around 2000 BCE notes the use of honey to treat a gaping wound penetrating to the bone near the eyebrow. Aristotle (384–322 BCE) wrote about the use of honey to treat wounds and sore eyes. As with those of other natural substances, the healing benefits of honey were passed from generation to generation. Honey continues to be a popular medicine throughout the world, except in the U.S.1

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Cardoso, H. A. I., M. Motisuke, and Cecília A. C. Zavaglia. "The Influence of Three Additives on the Setting Reaction Kinetics and Mechanical Strength Evolution of [Alpha]-Tricalcium Phosphate Cements." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.397.

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Among the calcium phosphate cements, the system based on alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) combines several interesting properties. However, these cements have their use limited to low load applications. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of three different additives on the setting reaction kinetics and mechanical strength evolution of calcium phosphate cements as a function of time. The cement was obtained by mixing α-TCP powder with four different aqueous solutions containing or not containing disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), citric acid (C6H8O7) and/or tannic acid (C76H52O46). It was observed that two cement samples, one of them containing Na2HPO4 and C6H8O7 and another containingNa2HPO4 and C76H52O46 in the liquid phase, presented faster setting reaction and higher mechanical properties. These cements are more suitable for application as bone cement.

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Machrowska, Anna, Jakub Szabelski, Robert Karpiński, Przemysław Krakowski, Józef Jonak, and Kamil Jonak. "Use of Deep Learning Networks and Statistical Modeling to Predict Changes in Mechanical Parameters of Contaminated Bone Cements." Materials 13, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 5419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235419.

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The purpose of the study was to test the usefulness of deep learning artificial neural networks and statistical modeling in predicting the strength of bone cements with defects. The defects are related to the introduction of admixtures, such as blood or saline, as contaminants into the cement at the preparation stage. Due to the wide range of applications of deep learning, among others in speech recognition, bioinformation processing, and medication design, the extent was checked to which it is possible to obtain information related to the prediction of the compressive strength of bone cements. Development and improvement of deep learning network (DLN) algorithms and statistical modeling in the analysis of changes in the mechanical parameters of the tested materials will enable determining an acceptable margin of error during surgery or cement preparation in relation to the expected strength of the material used to fill bone cavities. The use of the abovementioned computer methods may, therefore, play a significant role in the initial qualitative assessment of the effects of procedures and, thus, mitigation of errors resulting in failure to maintain the required mechanical parameters and patient dissatisfaction.

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Bowden, Anton E. "An Important Backdrop to the Continued Discussion on the Use of Antibiotic-Containing Bone Cements." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 93, no. 22 (November 2011): e135(1)-e135(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.k.01144.

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Journal articles on the topic 'BONE CEMENTS/therapeutic use'

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