Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bone decalcification

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Bone decalcification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 December 2022
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bone decalcification"

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Salih, Magdi Mansour. "Comparison between Conventional Decalcification and a Microwave-Assisted Method in Bone Tissue Affected with Mycetoma." Biochemistry Research International 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6561980.

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Mycetoma is a lifelong granulomatous disease of subcutaneous tissues and bones. Histopathology is a substantiated indicative method based on the assumption of a definitive diagnosis of mycetoma. It requires efficient processing of tissues including bone decalcification. The decalcification process must ensure complete removal of calcium and also a proper preservation of tissue and microorganisms’ staining ability. Objectives. To compare the conventional method used in decalcification with the microwave method using different decalcification solutions. Different characteristics were tested, including the speed of decalcification and morphological and fungal preservation in bone tissue affected with mycetoma. Materials and Methods. Three decalcification solutions were employed to remove calcium from 50 bone tissue samples affected with mycetoma, including 10% neutral buffered EDTA (pH 7.4), 5% nitric acid, and 5% hydrochloric acid. Conventional and microwave methods were used. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain, Gridley’s stain, and Grocott hexamine-silver stain were employed to evaluate the bone and fungi morphologies. Results. The decalcification time of the conventional method compared with the microwave method with 10% EDTA (pH 7.4) took 120 hours and 29 hours, while 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% nitric acid took 8 hours and 3 hours, separately. Also, 10% EDTA is the best decalcifying agent for HE staining and fungal stains. 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% nitric acid can be used for fungal staining. Conclusion. The current study investigated the effects of different decalcifying agents as well as two decalcification procedures on the preservation of the bone structure and fungal staining, which will help to develop suitable protocols for the analyses of the bone tissue affected with mycetoma infection.
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El Khassawna, Thaqif, Diaa Eldin S. Daghma, Sabine Stoetzel, Seemun Ray, Stefanie Kern, Deeksha Malhan, Volker Alt, et al. "Postembedding Decalcification of Mineralized Tissue Sections Preserves the Integrity of Implanted Biomaterials and Minimizes Number of Experimental Animals." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2023853.

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Bone histology of decalcified or undecalcified samples depends on the investigation. However, in research each method provides different information to answer the scientific question. Decalcification is the first step after sample fixation and governs what analysis is later feasible on the sections. Besides, decalcification is favored for immunostaining and in situ hybridization. Otherwise, sample decalcification can be damaging to bone biomaterials implants that contains calcium or strontium. On the other hand, after decalcification mineralization cannot be assessed using histology or imaging mass spectrometry. The current study provides a solution to the hardship caused by material presence within the bone tissue. The protocol presents a possibility of gaining sequential and alternating decalcified and undecalcified sections from the same bone sample. In this manner, investigations using histology, protein signaling, in situ hybridization, and mass spectrometry on the same sample can better answer the intended research question. Indeed, decalcification of sections and grindings resulted in well-preserved sample and biomaterials integrity. Immunostaining was comparable to that of classically decalcified samples. The study offers a novel approach that incites correlative analysis on the same sample and reduces the number of processed samples whether clinical biopsies or experimental animals.
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Bogoevski, Kristofor, Anna Woloszyk, Keith Blackwood, Maria A. Woodruff, and Vaida Glatt. "Tissue Morphology and Antigenicity in Mouse and Rat Tibia: Comparing 12 Different Decalcification Conditions." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 67, no. 8 (May 15, 2019): 545–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155419850099.

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Conventional bone decalcification is a time-consuming process and is therefore unsuitable for clinical applications and time-limited research projects. Consequently, we compared the effect of four different decalcification solutions applied at three different temperatures, and assessed the rate of decalcification and the implications on tissue morphology and antigenicity of mouse and rat tibiae. Bones were decalcified with 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 10% formic acid, 5% hydrochloric acid, and 5% nitric acid at 4C, 25C, and 37C. Decalcification in both species was fastest in nitric acid at 37C and slowest in EDTA at 4C. Histological and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the conventional protocols of EDTA at 4C and 25C remain the best option regarding the quality of tissue preservation. Whereas formic acid at 4C is a good alternative saving about 90% of the decalcification time, hydrochloric and nitric acids should be avoided particularly in case of rat tibia. By contrast, due to their smaller size, mouse tibiae had shorter decalcification times and tolerated higher temperatures and exposure to acids much better. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that depending on the specific research question and sample size, alternative decalcification methods could be used to decrease the time of decalcification while maintaining histological accuracy.
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Rodgers, Griffin, Guido R. Sigron, Christine Tanner, Simone E. Hieber, Felix Beckmann, Georg Schulz, Arnaud Scherberich, Claude Jaquiéry, Christoph Kunz, and Bert Müller. "Combining High-Resolution Hard X-ray Tomography and Histology for Stem Cell-Mediated Distraction Osteogenesis." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 20, 2022): 6286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126286.

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Distraction osteogenesis is a clinically established technique for lengthening, molding and shaping bone by new bone formation. The experimental evaluation of this expensive and time-consuming treatment is of high impact for better understanding of tissue engineering but mainly relies on a limited number of histological slices. These tissue slices contain two-dimensional information comprising only about one percent of the volume of interest. In order to analyze the soft and hard tissues of the entire jaw of a single rat in a multimodal assessment, we combined micro computed tomography (µCT) with histology. The µCT data acquired before and after decalcification were registered to determine the impact of decalcification on local tissue shrinkage. Identification of the location of the H&E-stained specimen within the synchrotron radiation-based µCT data collected after decalcification was achieved via non-rigid slice-to-volume registration. The resulting bi- and tri-variate histograms were divided into clusters related to anatomical features from bone and soft tissues, which allowed for a comparison of the approaches and resulted in the hypothesis that the combination of laboratory-based µCT before decalcification, synchrotron radiation-based µCT after decalcification and histology with hematoxylin-and-eosin staining could be used to discriminate between different types of collagen, key components of new bone formation.
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Uma, K., Vidya Chandavarkar, and R. Sangeetha. "Comparison of routine decalcification methods with microwave decalcification of bone and teeth." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 17, no. 3 (2013): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-029x.125204.

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Bychkov, Aleksey, Vyacheslav Koptev, Varvara Zaharova, Polina Reshetnikova, Elena Trofimova, Elena Bychkova, Ekaterina Podgorbunskikh, and Oleg Lomovsky. "Experimental Testing of the Action of Vitamin D and Silicon Chelates in Bone Fracture Healing and Bone Turnover in Mice and Rats." Nutrients 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14101992.

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This study presents findings on the biological action of an integrated supplement containing the following components involved in osteogenesis and mineralization: vitamin D and silicon in the bioavailable and soluble form. A hypothesis that these components potentiate one another’s action and make calcium absorption by the body more efficient was tested. Biological tests of the effect of vitamin D and silicon chelates on bone fracture healing and bone turnover were conducted using ICR mice and albino Wistar rats. Radiographic and biochemical studies show that the supplement simultaneously containing silicon chelates and vitamin D stimulates bone tissue regeneration upon mechanical defects and accelerates differentiation of osteogenic cells, regeneration of spongy and compact bones, and restoration of bone structure due to activation of osteoblast performance. Bone structure restoration was accompanied by less damage to skeletal bones, apparently due to better absorption of calcium from food. The studied supplement has a similar effect when used to manage physiologically induced decalcification, thus holding potential for the treatment of osteomalacia during pregnancy or occupational diseases (e.g., for managing bone decalcification in astronauts).
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Duncan, Ian, Natalie Danziger, Daniel Duncan, Amanda Hemmerich, Claire Edgerly, Richard Huang, Jo-Anne Vergilio, et al. "Acid-Based Decalcification Methods Compromise Genomic Profiling from DNA and RNA." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 4659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131362.

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BACKGROUND: Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) performed by next-generation sequencing of DNA detects genomic alterations including point mutations, insertions/deletions, copy number variations, and select gene rearrangements. When RNA sequencing is included in CGP, it allows for expanded detection of gene fusions, which are common in hematologic malignancies and sarcomas. When such tumors involve bone, a decalcification step is frequently employed to soften tissues prior to processing and sectioning. While commonly used acid-based decalcification methods work quickly, the resulting nucleic acid damage can be profound. In this study, we examine the effects of decalcification on DNA and RNA sequencing in the clinical setting. DESIGN: 1711 consecutive formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples were evaluated by CGP during routine clinical care via DNA and RNA sequencing, using a hybrid-capture next-generation sequencing assay (FoundationOne®Heme). Specimen site [e.g. bone/ bone marrow or soft tissue] and decalcification status were extracted from pathology reports and H&E review. Samples were considered decalcified if reported as such in the pathology report or if visible decalcified bone was present on the H&E. Samples documented to be processed with fixatives other than formalin were excluded. Sequencing failures were defined as samples that failed DNA extraction (DNAx), RNA extraction (RNAx), or library construction (LC) due to insufficient nucleic acid to advance into sequencing. Samples were only evaluated for RNA if DNAx was successful (1594 cases). RESULTS: Specimen site was a strong predictor of sequencing failure, with a significant increase in failure rate from bone/bone marrow samples (n=619) compared to samples from soft tissue sites (n=1092) for both DNA (13.4% vs 4.6%, p=4.7E-9) and RNA (42.5% vs 13.5%, p<2.2E-16). Of the bone/bone marrow samples, 237 of 619 samples were decalcified. Decalcification was associated with significantly higher failure rates than non-decalcified samples for both DNA (29.1% vs 3.7%) and RNA (67.4% vs 30.8%) (Table 2). One method of avoiding decalcification for bone marrow samples is utilization of clot preparations, where aspirates are processed as an FFPE block. Clot preparations fail sequencing significantly less often than decalcified core biopsies (DNA: 3.3% vs 18.8%, p=9.2E-06; RNA: 39.2% vs 70.4%, p=2.5E-03) (Table 3). CONCLUSIONS: CGP of samples acquired from bone and bone marrow sites is challenging, with a lower success rate for DNA and RNA sequencing than soft tissue sites. The higher overall failure rate correlates with use of decalcification agents leading to degradation of nucleic acids and impacts RNA sequencing significantly more than DNA (67.4% vs 30.8% failed). Clot preparations of bone marrow samples performed better than core biopsies for both DNA and RNA. The higher overall RNA sequencing failure rates still observed in in non-decalcified bone/bone marrow are predominantly due to RNA failure of non-decalcified clot preparations. These samples likely have increased failure rates secondary the use of non-standard fixatives (e.g. B+, Bouin's, AZF, etc.) not documented in the pathology report and the frequency of hypocellular clot preparations in conjunction with higher requirements for RNA yield compared to DNA yield. To increase CGP success rates, decalcification should be avoided when possible. Peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate samples rarely fail sequencing (<1%, data not shown) and are preferable to decalcified samples if adequate tumor is present. Bone marrow clot preparations perform better than bone marrow core biopsies and clot preparations should be fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin. If decalcification is required for processing, EDTA based decalcification methods and/or minimizing decalcification times is recommended. Disclosures Duncan: Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment. Danziger:Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment; F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership. Duncan:Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment; F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership. Hemmerich:F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership; Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment. Edgerly:F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership; Foundation Medicine, Inc: Employment. Huang:F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership; Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment. Vergilio:Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment; F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership. Elvin:Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment; F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership. He:Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment; F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership. Britt:Foundation Medicine, Inc: Employment. Reddy:F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership; Foundation Medicine, Inc: Employment. Sathyan:Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment; F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership. Alexander:Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment; F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership. Ross:F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership; Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment. Brown:Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment; F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership. Ramkissoon:F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership; Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment. Severson:F. Hoffman La Roche, Ltd.: Equity Ownership; Foundation Medicine, Inc.: Employment.
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Pitol, Dimitrius Leonardo, Flavio Henrique Caetano, and Laurelúcia Orive Lunardi. "Microwave-induced fast decalcification of rat bone for electron microscopic analysis: an ultrastructural and cytochemical study." Brazilian Dental Journal 18, no. 2 (2007): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402007000200013.

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Bone decalcification is a time-consuming process. It takes weeks and preservation of the tissue structure depends on the quality and velocity of the demineralization process. In the present study, a decalcification methodology was adapted using microwaving to accelerate the decalcification of rat bone for electron microscopic analysis. The ultrastructure of the bone decalcified by microwave energy was observed. Wistar rats were perfused with paraformaldehyde and maxillary segments were removed and fixed in glutaraldehyde. Half of specimens were decalcified by conventional treatment with immersion in Warshawsky solution at 4ºC during 45 days, and the other half of specimens were placed into the beaker with 20 mL of the Warshawsky solution in ice bath and thereafter submitted to irradiation in a domestic microwave oven (700 maximum power) during 20 s/350 W/±37ºC. In the first day, the specimens were irradiated 9 times and stored at 40ºC overnight. In the second day, the specimens were irradiated 20 times changing the solution and the ice after each bath. After decalcification, some specimens were postfixed in osmium tetroxide and others in osmium tetroxide and potassium pyroantimonate. The specimens were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The results showed an increase in the decalcification rate in the specimens activated by microwaving and a reduction of total experiment time from 45 days in the conventional method to 48 hours in the microwave-aided method.
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Kristensen, Harald K. "STAINING OF HUMAN BONE MARROW AFTER DECALCIFICATION." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 26, no. 5 (August 18, 2009): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1949.tb00773.x.

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Hiratai, Rumi, Miho Nakamura, Akiko Nagai, and Kimihiro Yamashita. "The Storing Properties of Electric Energy in Bone." Key Engineering Materials 493-494 (October 2011): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.493-494.170.

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We have shown that hydroxyapatite (HA), which characteristics were similar to those of bone’s inorganic components, had polarization capability and was possible to accumulate electricity under high temperature and pressure. Then, we presumed that bones had polarization capability which enabled electrical storage and conducted the experiment to measure the polarization capability of bones using rabbit’s femurs. After preparing and polarizing bone samples using KOH treatment (koh), KOH and baking treatment (koh+bake) and decalcification treatment (decalcification) as well as the bone without any treatment (untreat), quantitative amounts of stored charge in samples were determined by thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) measurement of these samples. Under the condition of 400 °C for 1 h with the electric fields of 5kV/cm, samples of koh, koh+bake, and untreat showed polarization capability. In addition, under the polarization condition of 37 °C for 1 hour with the electric fields of 5kV/cm, all samples showed polarization capability. Those findings can be summarized that bones have the polarization capability which enables electrical storage and polarization of bones is possible even under the low temperature condition, which was at 37 °C in our experiment, where polarization is impossible for HA.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bone decalcification"

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Bogoevski, Kristofor. "A comprehensive evaluation of a rapid decalcification method for bones: A histological analysis." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/95917/1/Kristofor_Bogoevski_Thesis.pdf.

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This project's goal was to quicken the time of a bone processing method called histology for both research and clinical investigations. The following thesis examined various acid solutions at different temperatures in order to achieve faster results without compromising the quality of the analysed tissues of various species. Outcome measures such as radiological and microscopic evaluations demonstrated that equivalent results can be obtained by using rapid bone processing techniques compared to the gold standard method of EDTA.
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Chartier, Stephane R., Stefanie AT Mitchell, Lisa A. Majuta, and Patrick W. Mantyh. "Immunohistochemical localization of nerve growth factor, tropomyosin receptor kinase A, and p75 in the bone and articular cartilage of the mouse femur." SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626456.

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Sequestration of nerve growth factor (NGF) significantly attenuates skeletal pain in both animals and humans. However, relatively little is known about the specific cell types that express NGF or its cognate receptors tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) and p75 in the intact bone and articular cartilage. In the present study, antibodies raised against NGF, TrkA, and p75 (also known as CD271) were used to explore the expression of these antigens in the non-decalcified young mouse femur. In general, all three antigens displayed a remarkably restricted expression in bone and cartilage with less than 2% of all DAPI+ cells in the femur displaying expression of any one of the three antigens. Robust NGF immunoreactivity was found in mostly CD-31- blood vessel-associated cells, a small subset of CD-31+ endothelial cells, an unidentified group of cells located at the subchondral bone/articular cartilage interface, and a few isolated, single cells in the bone marrow. In contrast, p75 and TrkA were almost exclusively expressed by nerve fibers located nearby NGF+ blood vessels. The only non-neuronal expression of either p75 or TrkA in the femur was the expression of p75 by a subset of cells located in the deep and middle zone of the articular cartilage. Understanding the factors that tightly regulate the basal level of expression in normal bone and how the expression of NGF, TrkA, and p75 change in injury, disease, and aging may provide insights into novel therapies that can reduce skeletal pain and improve skeletal health.
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Boyles, Glenn A. "Effects of fluoride varnishes and adhesives on bond strength and preventing enamel decalcification around orthodontic appliances an in vitro and in vivo study /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5028.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 117 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-68).
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Book chapters on the topic "Bone decalcification"

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Skinner, Robert A. "Decalcification of Bone Tissue." In Handbook of Histology Methods for Bone and Cartilage, 167–84. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-417-7_10.

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Imaizumi, Kazuhiko. "Application of Microwave Irradiation to Bone Decalcification and Its Effect on DNA Quality." In Microwave Effects on DNA and Proteins, 235–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50289-2_6.

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Fan, Fan, Huang Chengwu, Zhang Xia, Niu Haijun, and Fan Yubo. "The Correlation Study of Ultrasonic Parameters and Young’s Modulus of Cancellous Bone during Decalcification." In IFMBE Proceedings, 1097–100. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29305-4_287.

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Dey, Pranab. "Decalcification of Bony and Hard Tissue for Histopathology Processing." In Basic and Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Histopathology and Cytology, 35–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8252-8_4.

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Dey, Pranab. "Decalcification of Bony and Hard Tissue for Histopathology Processing." In Basic and Advanced Laboratory Techniques in Histopathology and Cytology, 35–40. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6616-3_4.

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Mueller, Claudius, Michael G. Harpole, and Virginia Espina. "One-Step Preservation and Decalcification of Bony Tissue for Molecular Profiling." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 85–102. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6990-6_6.

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Anderson, Colin. "Decalcification." In Manual for the Examination of Bone, 13–24. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429275678-3.

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Mondal, Santosh. "Bone and Decalcification." In Manual of Histological Techniques, 72. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/13001_12.

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Guo, Xia, and Wai-Ling Lam. "Acceleration of Bone Decalcification by Ultrasound." In A Practical Manual for Musculoskeletal Research, 201–18. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812794093_0014.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bone decalcification"

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Sevostianov, Vladislav. "Evaluation of Decalcification Induced Changes in Bone Strength Using Electrical Conductivity Measurements." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38638.

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The paper focuses on the effect of decalcification on microstructure and the mechanical and electrical properties of cortical bone. Decalcification is produced by placing the specimens into 5% vinegar acid for 72 hours. This acid treatment leads to a decrease in mass of the specimens 7.78 % (averaged over ten acid treated specimens). Microstructure of natural bone and acid treated bone is then compared using confocal microscopy. To estimate effect of acid treatment on electrical resistivity of bone, the specimens are rinsed and saturated with 0.9% NaCl solution for ten minutes. Then electrical resistance is measured by the four-point method and electrical resistivity is calculated. Averaging over ten acid treated specimens and ten control specimens show that decalcification lead to increase of electrical resistivity 5.85 times. Comparison of mechanical properties of natural and acid treated bones is done by three point bending using Instron 5882 testing machine. It is observed that 7.78 % mass loss in cortical bone yields reduction of the Young’s modulus about 2.7 times and bending strength of the specimens by 35%. A positive correlation between change in strength and Young’s modulus and electrical resistivity of the individual specimens is observed. The obtained results allows one to estimate changes in mechanical and electrical properties of bone from known losses in bone mass and, thus, non-destructively evaluate the decrease in bone strength through changes in electrical resistivity.
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Shao, Xiaoning, Haijun Niu, Yubo Fan, Deyu Li, Fang Pu, Baoqing Pei, and Lianwen Sun. "Correlations between speed of sound and microstructure in swine cancellous bone during decalcification." In 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2010.5639923.

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Gül, Semir. "A comparison between three different method of bone tissue decalcification in terms of tissue and cellular integrity." In 15th International Congress of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. Istanbul: LookUs Scientific, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5505/2017ichc.pp-229.

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Hage, Ilige S., and Ramsey F. Hamade. "Segregation of Cortical Bone’s Haversian Systems via Automated Image Segmentation." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51872.

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The lamellar or Haversian system is comprised mainly of fundamental units “osteons”. Haversian canals run through the center of the osteons where one or more blood vessels are located. The bone matrix is comprised of concentric lamellae surrounding Haversian canals. Those lamellae are punctuated by holes called lacunae, which are connected to each other through the canaliculi supplying nutrients. Haversian canals, lacunae and canaliculi of the Haversian system constitute the main porosities in cortical bone, thus it is advantageous to segregate those systems in segmented images that will help medical image analysis in accounting for porosities. To the authors’ best knowledge, no work has been published on segregating Haversian systems with its 3 predominant components (Haversian canals, lacunae, and canaliculi) via automated image segmentation of optical microscope images. This paper aims to detect individual osteonal Haversian system via optical microscope image segmentation. Automation is assured via artificial intelligence; specifically neural networks are used to procure an automated image segmentation methodology. Biopsies are taken from cortical bone cut at mid-diaphysis femur from bovine cows (which age is about 2 year-old). Specimens followed a pathological procedure (fixation, decalcification, and staining using H&E staining treatment) in order to get slides ready for optical imaging. Optical images at 20X magnification are captured using SC30 digital microscope camera of BX-41M LED optical Olympus microscope. In order to get the targeted segmented images, utilized was an image segmentation methodology developed previously by the authors. This methodology named “PCNN-PSO-AT” combines pulse coupled neural networks to particle swarm optimization and adaptive thresholding, yielding segmented images quality. Segmentation is occurred based on a geometrical attribute namely orientation used as the fitness function for the PSO. The fitness function is built in such way to maximize the identified number of features (which are the 3 components of the osteonal system) having same orientation. The segmentation methodology is applied on several test images. Results were compared to manually segmented images using suitable quality metrics widely used for image segmentation evaluation namely precision rate, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and dice. The main goal of segmentation algorithms is to capture as accurate as possible structures of interest, herein Haversian (osteonal) system. High quality segmented images obtained as well as high values of quality metrics (approaching unity) prove the robustness of the segmentation methodology in reaching high fidelity segments of the Haversian system.
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