Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bone tools

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bone tools'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Bone tools.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Bone tools"

1

Abdullah, Ilham. "ALAT TULANG SITUS PLESTOSEN JAWA: BAHAN BAKU, TEKNOLOGI, DAN TIPOLOGI [Bone tools from Pleistocene Site of Java: Raw Materials, Technology, and Typology]." Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat 7, no. 2 (June 3, 2017): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/papua.v7i2.22.

Full text
Abstract:
During this time knowledge about Homo erectus bones tool comes only from trusted Ngandong, but now it has a lot of bone tools found and published on the Site Pleistocene in Java. This paper is the result of a data-base processing using microscopic methods against all findings bone tools from sites Pleistocene in Java which aims to provide comprehensive information about the presence of bone tools. A total of 48 specimens of bone tools findings of Sangiran, Ngandong Site, Site Sambungmacan, Patiayam Site and Site Bringin. The analysis showed that there are 12 types of anatomical components of animal bones were used as tools. Type of animal bones were used as a bone tool is Cervus sp. (deer), Cervus hippelaphus (deer), Sus sp. (pig), Bos sp. (cow), Bibos palaeosondaicus (bull), rhinoceros (rhinoceros), Elephantidae (the elephants), and Bovidae. The technique used in making bone tools are broken techniques, pruning techniques, techniques sides, press techniques, and techniques rub. This type of tool is produced bone knife, lancipan, spatula, and spear AbstrakSelama ini pengetahuan tentang alat tulang Homo erectus hanya berasal dari Situs Ngandong, tetapi sekarang ini telah banyak alat tulang ditemukan dan dipublikasikan dari Situs Plestosen di Jawa. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil pengolahan data-base menggunakan metode mikroskopis terhadap semua temuan alat tulang dari situs-situs Plestosen di Jawa yang bertujuan memberi informasi komprehensif tentang keberadaan alat tulang. Sebanyak 48 spesimen alat tulang temuan dari Situs Sangiran, Situs Ngandong, Situs Sambungmacan, Situs Patiayam, dan Situs Bringin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 12 jenis komponen anatomis binatang yang digunakan sebagai alat tulang. Jenis binatang yang tulangnya digunakan sebagai alat tulang adalah Cervus sp. (rusa), Cervus hippelaphus (rusa), Sus sp. (babi), Bos sp. (sapi), Bibos palaeosondaicus (banteng), rhinoceros (badak), elephantidae (gajah), dan bovidae. Teknik yang digunakan dalam membuat alat tulang adalah teknik pecah, teknik pangkas, teknik belah, teknik tekan, dan teknik gosok. Jenis alat tulang yang dihasilkan adalah pisau, lancipan, spatula dan mata tombak.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Steffen, T., P. Downer, B. Steiner, M. Hehli, and M. Aebi. "Minimally invasive bone harvesting tools." European Spine Journal 9, S1 (February 25, 2000): S114—S118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00008316.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Sergeeva, M. S., and R. A. Kravchenko. "OBJECTS FROM THE TREATED BONE FROM THE SETTLEMENT OF RADYCHIVSKE 3 ON THE DESNA RIVER BASIN (ACCORDING TO THE EXCAVATIONS 1991—1992)." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 38, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.01.30.

Full text
Abstract:
The bone objects from the multi-layered settlement Radychivske 3 (Korop district, Chernihiv region) are introduced into scientific circulation and analyzed in the paper. They have been found during the excavations in 1991—1992. The items come from objects of Romny culture (structures and pits) and from the cultural layer. Most of the finds are pointed tools. Thirteen of them can be interpreted as tools for treating of seams or for weaving and 2 are piercing tools. The collection also contains two horse bones with a natural sharpening with no traces of use. Their interpretation as tools is problematic. The collection also includes the polish tool made of rib. In addition, in the collection of treated bone there is a workpiece made of compact bone. The bone object with a through hole in its middle part can be interpreted as a detail of complex device, perhaps the lock or clasp. Its analogy is the bone item of similar shape from Kyiv. The item from Radichiv was found in the cultural layer. The conditions of the find make it difficult for dating but the Kyiv parallel allows us to date it to the Slavic (Romny culture) or Old Rus time. The collection also includes the bear’s fang amulet. Such amulets were common during Slavic and Old Rus time. They occur mainly from the sites of the 9th—10th centuries although in general they are found both earlier and later than the time in question. All the tools were made from the bones of domestic animals, mostly cattle. Horse bones and single specimens of bones of pig and small cattle were also identified. So the manufacture of such products was based on materials at hand. In general, the set of bone products is common for Slavic sites. Considering that, if necessary, each artisan could make the bone items for himself, we can assume that they belonged to persons who were engaged in the treatment of animal raw materials, primarily of leather and fur.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ferracini, Riccardo, Isabel Martínez Herreros, Antonio Russo, Tommaso Casalini, Filippo Rossi, and Giuseppe Perale. "Scaffolds as Structural Tools for Bone-Targeted Drug Delivery." Pharmaceutics 10, no. 3 (August 8, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics10030122.

Full text
Abstract:
Although bone has a high potential to regenerate itself after damage and injury, the efficacious repair of large bone defects resulting from resection, trauma or non-union fractures still requires the implantation of bone grafts. Materials science, in conjunction with biotechnology, can satisfy these needs by developing artificial bones, synthetic substitutes and organ implants. In particular, recent advances in materials science have provided several innovations, underlying the increasing importance of biomaterials in this field. To address the increasing need for improved bone substitutes, tissue engineering seeks to create synthetic, three-dimensional scaffolds made from organic or inorganic materials, incorporating drugs and growth factors, to induce new bone tissue formation. This review emphasizes recent progress in materials science that allows reliable scaffolds to be synthesized for targeted drug delivery in bone regeneration, also with respect to past directions no longer considered promising. A general overview concerning modeling approaches suitable for the discussed systems is also provided.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Gupta, Vishal, Ravinder Pal Singh, Pulak M. Pandey, and Ravi Gupta. "In vitro comparison of conventional surgical and rotary ultrasonic bone drilling techniques." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 4 (February 6, 2020): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411919898301.

Full text
Abstract:
In orthopedic and trauma surgical operations, drilling of bone is one of the commonly used procedures performed in hospitals and is a clinical practice for fixing the fractured parts of human bones. Force, torque and temperature play a significant role during the bone drilling and decide the stability of the medical implants. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize force, torque and temperature while drilling to avoid the thermal necrosis and osteosynthesis. This study focused on studying the influence of various types of bone drilling parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, drill diameter and ultrasonic amplitude), tools (solid tool, hollow tool and conventional twist drill bit) and techniques (conventional surgical drilling, rotary ultrasonic bone drilling and rotary bone drilling) on force, torque, temperature and microcracks produced in the drilled surface of the bone. The experimental investigations were conducted on porcine bone samples to perform the comparative study. Results revealed that increasing the diameter of drill tool and feed rate results in the increase in force, torque and temperature, while low rotational speed (500 r/min) generated a low temperature, high cutting force and torque for all types of drilling processes and tools evaluated in this study. Experimental results also revealed that rotary ultrasonic bone drilling with hollow tool generated the lowest cutting force, torque, temperature (<47 °C) and microcracks in the drilled surface of the bone as compared to the other four types of drilling techniques evaluated in this study. Influence of external irrigation technique on temperature was also studied with respect to the rotary ultrasonic bone drilling with a hollow tool, which could eliminate the problem of thermal necrosis. In conclusion, this study revealed that the rotary ultrasonic bone drilling process with hollow tool produced lesser cutting force as compared to rotary bone drilling and conventional surgical drilling for hollow and solid tools. The study also revealed that rotary ultrasonic bone drilling process has the potential to minimize the cutting force, torque and temperature as compared to the conventional surgical drilling for orthopedic surgery.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Manninen, Mikael A., Vitali Asheichyk, Tõnno Jonuks, Aivar Kriiska, Grzegorz Osipowicz, Aleksei Nikolaevich Sorokin, Aliaksandr Vashanau, Felix Riede, and Per Persson. "Using Radiocarbon Dates and Tool Design Principles to Assess the Role of Composite Slotted Bone Tool Technology at the Intersection of Adaptation and Culture-History." Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 28, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 845–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10816-021-09517-7.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractSlotted bone tools are an iconic example of composite tool technology in which change in one of the components does not require changing the design of the other parts. Commonly, slotted bone tools are seen through the lens of lithic technology, highlighting organizational aspects related to serial production of insets, reliability and maintainability. In this framework, slotted bone tool technology is associated with risk aversion in demanding environmental settings. Here, we provide the first overview of radiocarbon-dated slotted bone tools in northernmost Europe and the East European Plain, including 17 new direct dates on pitch glue, and show that the Late Pleistocene to Middle Holocene period of inset slotted bone tool use in this area shows marked variation and idiosyncrasy in associated lithic technology against a trend of continuously warming climate. We suggest that historical specificity and path-dependence, rather than convergent evolution, best explain the variability seen in slotted bone tool technology in the studied case, and that slotted bone tools in general formed an organizationally flexible, adaptable and hence likely adaptive technological solution that met a wide variety of cultural and technological demands.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Grechkina, Tatiana Yu, Anna A. Malyutina, Aleksandr A. Vybornov, and Yurii S. Lebedev. "Bone items of the Neolithic site Baibek." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 2 (May 29, 2020): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202201.

Full text
Abstract:
The paper presents tools made from bones, antler and teeth from the Neolithic site Baibek, located in the semi-desert zone of the Northern Caspian Sea. The time of existence of the site dated back to the beginning of the first quarter of the VI mill. BC. Bone artifacts are of particular interest due to their discovery in a layer of sandy consistency. Bone artifacts were founded in the cultural layer of the site, in the pits, hearths and especially in the filling of the dwellings area. Special attention should be paid to the fact that different typological and functional tools can be considered as a single complex. Based on morphological, technological and functional features, the collection of artifacts was divided into 7 typological groups. The distribution of items by site area was indicated. Most of the preserved bone tools were discovered in the fill of the lower level of the dwelling, which is probably connected with better preservation of bone in the deep sediments than in the cultural layer, the upper part of which has been repeatedly previewing. Traceological analysis of the tools surface has determined the scope of their use this is treatment of skins and processing abrasives. Single examples represent fishing equipment, tools for processing stone items and antler haft. There are also decorative items made of bone and teeth pendants, piercing, and bones with ornaments.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Hill, Dave, Tom Williamson, Chow Yin Lai, Martin Leary, and Milan Brandt. "Robots and Tools for Remodeling Bone." IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering 13 (2020): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rbme.2019.2949749.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Manske, Sarah L., Heather M. Macdonald, Kyle K. Nishiyama, Steven K. Boyd, and Heather A. McKay. "Clinical Tools to Evaluate Bone Strength." Clinical Reviews in Bone and Mineral Metabolism 8, no. 3 (February 12, 2010): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12018-009-9066-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Szulc, Pawel. "Bone turnover: Biology and assessment tools." Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 32, no. 5 (October 2018): 725–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2018.05.003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bone tools"

1

Baker, David Alexander. "A technique for controlled compliant drilling of bone applied to the stapedotomy procedure." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266989.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

LeMoine, Geneviève M. "Use wear analysis on bone and antler tools of Mackensie Inuit /." Oxford : BAR, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370277200.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Griffitts, Janet. "Bone Tools and Technological Choice: Change and Stability on the Northern Plains." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195929.

Full text
Abstract:
This study examines decision making concerning tool use and rawmaterial choice through the analysis of bone technology from five sites from the MiddleMissouri subarea of the Northern Plains of North America. The research methods employed include high power optical microwear analysis, experimental replication,and the study of modern bone tool use. At the time of contact with Europeans andEuroamericans, the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara lived in semi sedentary villages along the Missouri River where they practiced a mixed economy centered on both agriculture and bison hunting. The villagers were central in indigenous trade networks and later in the international fur trade, as European and Euroamericans traders and explorers sought to insert themselves into the existing networks. Occasional trade goods are found as early as the seventeenth century, increasing through time as more Europeans and Euroamericans entered the area, indicating that the villagers supplied the newcomers with food, horses, and furs in exchange for those goods. They also were impacted by European diseases, increasing violence, and by accompanying changes in many aspects of their society.Post contact technological change is often modeled as a relatively simple unilinear process in which metal tools quickly replaced older technologies. Analysis of modified bone and antler from historic sites indicates the processes were more complicated. Some tool types were quickly replaced, while others persisted, and there was also variation within tool types. Rather than immediately rendering bone technology obsolete, as has been suggested, there was an initial period of experimentation as people used the new metal cutting and chopping tools to modify the older bone technology. Some tools were made by simply shaping the bone with metal rather than stone, but in other cases the new metal tools were used to create bone tools in completely new forms. Both social and functional factors influence tool choices in raw material, form, and use. This study provides a deeper understanding of many processes involved in technological change in the contact period.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

VanderKolk, Melody Lynn. "Spatial Analysis of Bone Tools at SunWatch (33My57), A Middle Fort Ancient Indian Village." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1240104365.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bryce, Joseph A. "An Investigation of the Manufacture and Use of Bone Awls at Wolf Village (42UT273)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6189.

Full text
Abstract:
Wolf Village is a Fremont farming village located at the southern end of Utah Valley where Brigham Young University has conducted six field schools there and recovered 135 awl and awl fragments. The Wolf Village awls, like the awls from many Fremont sites, represent a large range of morphological variability. Because of the ubiquity and diversity of Fremont bone awls, many different approaches have been taken to organize and understand them; focusing more on morphological characteristics than interpretation. In order to better understand the life use of bone awls, experiments were conducted to replicate the manufacture and use of these tools and to create a comparative collection for diagnostic characteristics. Based on the results of analysis and comparison, the craftspeople at Wolf Village used a variety of methods to make tools for use in basket-making, leatherwork, and other activities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Moore, Christopher R. "PRODUCTION, EXCHANGE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION IN THE GREEN RIVER REGION OF WESTERN KENTUCKY: A MULTISCALAR APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF TWO SHELL MIDDEN SITES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/130.

Full text
Abstract:
The Green River region of western Kentucky has been a focus of Archaic period research since 1915. Currently, the region is playing an important role in discussions of Archaic hunter-gatherer cultural complexity. Unfortunately, many of the larger Green River sites contain several archaeological components ranging from the Early to Late Archaic periods. Understanding culture change requires that these multiple components somehow be sorted and addressed individually. Detailed re-analyses of Works Progress Administration (WPA) era artifact collections from two archaeological sites in the Green River region – the Baker (15Mu12) and Chiggerville (15Oh1) shell middens – indicate that these sites are relatively isolated Middle and Late Archaic components, respectively. The relatively unmixed character of Baker and Chiggerville makes these sites excellent candidates for evaluating aspects of complexity during the Archaic. After developing a theoretical basis for evaluating the relative complexity of the social organization of the Baker and Chiggerville site inhabitants on the basis of the material record they left behind, I employ detailed analyses of the bone, antler, and stone tools from these two sites to examine six microscalar aspects of complexity – technological organization, subsistence, specialization, leadership, communication networks, and exchange. These microscalar aspects of complexity all can be linked materially to the archaeological record of the Green River region and can be evaluated as proxies for changes in social organization among the hunter-gatherers who inhabited this region during the Middle and Late Archaic periods. Although the Baker assemblage indicated greater complexity in communication networks and certain proxies for leadership and technological organization, most indicators suggest that the Chiggerville site inhabitants were the more complexly organized group and were in the process of developing a tribal-like social formation. This research, therefore, tentatively supports the hypothesis of increasing complexity through time during the Archaic. However, marked differences in the technological strategies utilized by the Baker and Chiggerville site inhabitants indicates these groups may not have been historically related, thereby violating one of the primary assumptions of the project. If this alternative hypothesis is confirmed through additional research, then no conclusions concerning change through time can be derived from this study.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

O'neal, Lori L. "What’s in Your Toolbox? Examining Tool Choices at Two Middle and Late Woodland-Period Sites on Florida’s Central Gulf Coast." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6340.

Full text
Abstract:
The examination of the tools that prehistoric people crafted for subsistence and related practices offers distinctive insights into how they lived their lives. Most often, researchers study these practices in isolation, by tool type or by material. However, by using a relational perspective, my research explores the tool assemblage as a whole including bone, stone and shell. This allows me to study the changes in tool industries in relation to one another, something that I could not accomplish by studying only one material or tool type. I use this broader approach to tool manufacture and use for the artifact assemblage from Crystal River (8CI1) and Roberts Island (8CI41), two sequential Middle and Late Woodland Period (A.D. 1-1050) archaeological sites on the central Gulf coast of Florida. The results of my research show that people made different choices, both in the type of material they used and the kind of tools they manufactured during the time they lived at these sites as subsistence practices shifted. Evidence of these trends aligns with discrete changes in strata within our excavations. The timing of depositional events and the artifacts found within each suggest people also used the sites differently through time. These trends exemplify the role of crafting tools in the way people maintain connections with their mutable social and physical world.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Tolmie, Clare. "Animals for food, animals for tools: fauna as a source of raw material at Abri Cellier, Dordogne, and the Grotte du Renne, Arcy-sur-Cure." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2647.

Full text
Abstract:
The adoption of bone tool technology in the Early Upper Palaeolithic of Europe by Neanderthals and anatomically modern humans has been the focus of considerable debate. In particular this debate has focused on the origins of the technology and the possible implications for the extinction of Neanderthals. This dissertation examines the context of element selection for use as raw material to produce bone tools, related to prey species in the Châtelperronian of the Grotte du Renne, Arcy-sur Cure and the Aurignacian of Abri Cellier, Dordogne. Current research indicates that there was little difference in the subsistence organization of Neanderthals and modern humans. As a more nuanced view of Neanderthal behavior emerges from recent studies, it is becoming apparent that differences between the two hominins are a matter of degree rather than absolute difference. The faunal analysis of the two assemblages in this dissertation found that both Neanderthals and modern humans were pursuing a foraging strategy to obtain prime age herbivores for food. Locally available taxa were taken. Carcasses were processed for meat, marrow and fat. Both assemblages show a preference for non-marrow bearing long bones or long bone shaft fragments to make tools. The raw material was chosen with reference to the mechanical properties of the bones, which exhibit elasticity necessary for use as awls or hide scrapers. Raw material was a by-product of the larger subsistence strategy. There is a difference in the use of antler. This is not used by Neanderthals. In the Aurignacian, it appears that the amount of antler represented by the points and tools at Abri Cellier could be obtained as part of a general foraging strategy. The appearance of bone tools in the Early Upper Palaeolithic has been argued as evidence for `modern' behavior. It might be more profitable to view the adoption of this new technology as a response by two different but related populations to particular ecological problems. It could be argued that the archaeological visibility of bone tools reflects an increasing investment in the production of more effective clothing by both Neanderthals and modern humans.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Ramme, Austin Jedidiah. "High throughput patient-specific orthopaedic analysis: development of interactive tools and application to graft placement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2966.

Full text
Abstract:
Medical imaging technologies have allowed for in vivo evaluation of the human musculoskeletal system. With advances in both medical imaging and computing, patient-specific model development of anatomic structures is becoming a reality. Three-dimensional surface models are useful for patient-specific measurements and finite element studies. Orthopaedics is closely tied to engineering in the analysis of injury mechanisms, design of implantable medical devices, and potentially in the prediction of injury. However, a disconnection exists between medical imaging and orthopaedic analysis; whereby, the ability to generate three-dimensional models from an imaging dataset is difficult, which has restricted its application to large patient populations. We have compiled image processing, image segmentation, and surface generation tools in a single software package catered specifically to image-based orthopaedic analysis. We have also optimized an automated segmentation technique to allow for high-throughput bone segmentation and developed algorithms that help to automate the cumbersome process of mesh generation in finite element analysis. We apply these tools to evaluate graft placement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a multicenter study that aims to improve the patient outcomes of those that undergo this procedure.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Fuld, Kristen Ann. "The Technological Role of Bone and Antler Artifacts on the Lower Columbia: A Comparison of Two Contact Period Sites." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/580.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis explore the technological role of bone and antler artifacts from two contact period southern Northwest coast archaeological sites, the Cathlapotle site (45CL1) and the Meier site (35CO5). Technological measures of sedentism are based on lithics, and predict residential sedentism promotes technological expediency in hunter-gatherers (Parry and Kelley 1987). Cathlapotle and Meier lithic assemblages consist of expedient and opportunistic assemblages and raw material stockpiles, with the exception of highly curated projectile points and endscrapers (Hamilton 1994). The expectation that residential sedentism promotes technological expediency in hunter-gatherers was tested on the Cathlapotle and Meier bone and antler artifact assemblages in two ways. First, curation and expediency were recorded for each artifact by measuring level of energy investment in manufacture or degree of working. Second, a spatial analysis was used to explore methods of artifact storage and disposal. Results revealed both Cathlapotle and Meier osseous assemblages are highly curated, except for expedient awls and flakers. Specifically, artifact classes related to subsistence procurement, modification including woodworking, and ornamentation were highly curated. Both sites contain stockpiles of unmodified bone and antler. The spatial analysis showed level of curation did not affect artifact disposal method. Despite this, some patterns were evident. At Cathlapotle, curated procurement and modification artifacts, expedient awls as well as worked fragments were concentrated outside the houses, specifically in Sheet Midden. Broken modification artifacts, ornaments, and detritus were randomly distributed. At the Meier site, curated procurement and modification artifacts, as well as expedient awls were randomly distributed. Broken modification artifacts, detritus and worked fragments were concentrated outside the houses. Ornaments were concentrated in the northern segment (elite area) of the house. There were also significantly more curated complete tools recovered from the cellar facility, while significantly fewer curated complete tools were recovered from the midden facility at Meier. In this thesis, the effects of contact on osseous assemblages were examined. It is an assumption of North American archaeologists that European-introduced metals replace and/or change the character of traditional technologies such as lithic and osseous technologies. Few quantitative studies comparing pre and postcontact artifact assemblages exist (Bamforth 1993, Cobb 2003). In some parts of northeast North America, European contact is followed by a proliferation of osseous tool working, and over time osseous artifacts drop out of the archaeological record (Snow 1995, 1996). Cathlapotle and Meier were occupied from AD 1400 to AD 1830, spanning European contact. People at Cathlapotle were in direct contact with Europeans and Euro-Americans since 1792 (Boyd 2011). Previously, it was assumed Cathlapotle was more involved in the fur trade than Meier, because Cathlapotle was mentioned several times in ethnohistoric accounts, while Meier was never mentioned. Also Cathlapotle contains far more historic trade items than Meier (Ames 2011). The assumption that European-introduced metals replace and/or change the character of traditional technologies was tested on the Cathlapotle and Meier assemblages by comparing artifact frequency, density, and assemblage diversity of pre and postcontact assemblages. Results show contact is reflected in the osseous assemblages at both Cathlapotle and Meier. Contact is evident, but is reflected in different ways. At Cathlapotle, artifact frequencies, densities, and assemblage diversity decrease postcontact. In contrast at Meier, artifact frequencies and densities increase postcontact, with some artifact classes tripling or quadrupling in frequency. The introduction of metal could have enabled people to work osseous materials faster and easier, decreasing manufacture time, cost, and overall energy investment. The gain in efficiency promoted the proliferation of bone working and an abundance of osseous tools at the Meier site. These results encourage a reevaluation of Meier's role in the fur trade. At Cathlapotle, metal objects may have replaced osseous tools resulting in the decline of bone and antler working and/or activity patterns shifted away from activities requiring osseous tools. The results of this thesis deviate from typical Northwest Coast bone and antler assemblages, challenge technological models of sedentism that are based on lithics, and contradict assumptions of Lower Columbians involvement in the fur trade.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Bone tools"

1

LeMoine, Genevieve M. Use wear analysis on bone and antler tools of the Mackenzie Inuit. Oxford: John and Erica Hedges, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Zhilin, M. G. Kosti︠a︡nai︠a︡ industrii︠a︡ mezolita lesnoĭ zony Vostochnoĭ Evropy. Moskva: URSS, 2001.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Campana, Douglas V. Natufian and Protoneolithic bone tools: The manufacture and use of bone implements in the Zagros and the Levant. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Fritz, Carole. La gravure dans l'art mobilier magdalénien, du geste à la représentation: Contribution de l'analyse microscopique. Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bullinger, Jérôme. Le site magdalénien de Monruz. [Neuchâtel]: Service et musée cantonal d'archéologie de Neuchâtel, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ramos, Ruth Maicas. Industria ósea y funcionalidad: Neolítico y calcolítico en la Cuenca de Vera (Almería). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Historia, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Un complément des données sur les sociétés rubanées: L'industrie osseuse à Cuiry-lès-Chaudardes. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Alvarez, Gema Elvira Adán. De la caza al útil: La industria ósea del Tardiglaciar en Asturias. [Oviedo]: Servicio de Publicaciones Principado de Asturias, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Choyke, Alice Mathea, editor, author and O'Connor, Sonia A., editor, author, eds. From these bare bones: Raw materials and the study of worked osseous objects. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Une anthropologie des manifestations esthétiques du Mésolithique européen de la fin du Tardiglaciaire et durant le Postglaciaire. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Bone tools"

1

Backwell, Lucinda, and Francesco d’Errico. "Bone Tools, Paleolithic." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 1536–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_702.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Backwell, Lucinda, and Francesco d’Errico. "Bone Tools, Paleolithic." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 950–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_702.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Popovic, Marko, Michael Poon, Erin Wong, Danielle Rodin, Kenneth Li, Florence Mok, and Edward Chow. "Bone Metastases." In Decision Tools for Radiation Oncology, 289–301. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/174_2013_836.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Banning, Edward B. "Bone and Shell Tools." In The Archaeologist's Laboratory, 231–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47992-3_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fernandes, M. H., R. Caram, N. Sooraj Hussain, A. C. Mauricio, and J. D. Santos. "Bonelike® Graft for Regenerative Bone Applications." In Surgical Tools and Medical Devices, 409–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33489-9_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Jackson, M. J., M. Whitfield, G. M. Robinson, R. Handy, and W. Ahmed. "Machining Cancellous Bone Prior to Prosthetic Implantation." In Surgical Tools and Medical Devices, 439–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33489-9_14.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ward, Kate A., Thomas M. Link, and Judith E. Adams. "Tools for Measuring Bone in Children and Adolescents." In Bone Health Assessment in Pediatrics, 23–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30412-0_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bahraminasab, Marjan, and Kevin L. Edwards. "Computational Tailoring of Orthopaedic Biomaterials: Design Principles and Aiding Tools." In Biomaterials in Orthopaedics and Bone Regeneration, 15–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9977-0_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Graf, Daniel, and Aris N. Economides. "Dissection of bone morphogenetic protein signaling using genome-engineering tools." In Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: From Local to Systemic Therapeutics, 115–39. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8552-1_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

O’Brien, Michael J., R. Lee Lyman, Briggs Buchanan, and Mark Collard. "A Review of Late Pleistocene North American Bone and Ivory Tools." In Osseous Projectile Weaponry, 221–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0899-7_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Bone tools"

1

Tolstych, Daria, and Anton Rodionov. "Some bone tools from Kostenki 12." In The Earliest Paleolithic at Kostenki: Chronology, Stratigraphy, Cultural Diversity (on the 140th anniversary of archaeological research in the Kostenki-Borshchevo area). Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-9273-2863-5-2019-49-54.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Zagorodnyaya, Ol’ga. "Bone tools in mining: Kartamysh vs Kargaly." In Antiquities of East Europe, South Asia and South Siberia in the context of connections and interactions within the Eurasian cultural space (new data and concepts). Institute for the History of Material Culture Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31600/978-5-907053-35-9-173-176.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

"An Informative Machine-Learning Tool for Diagnosis of Osteoporosis using Routine Femoral Neck Radiographs." In InSITE 2019: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Jerusalem. Informing Science Institute, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4350.

Full text
Abstract:
Aim/Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure of the bone tissue by using texture analysis of the bone trabeculae, as visualized in a routine radiograph of the proximal femur . This could provide objective information regarding both the mineral content and the spatial structure of bone tissue. Therefore, machine-learning tools were applied to explore the use of texture analysis for obtaining information on the bone strength. Background: One in three women in the world develops osteoporosis, which weakens the bones, causes atraumatic fractures and lowers the quality of life. The damage to the bones can be minimized by early diagnosis of the disease and preventive treatment, including appropriate nutrition, bone-building exercise and medications. Osteoporosis is currently diagnosed primarily by DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry), which measures the bone mineral density alone. However, bone strength is determined not only by its mineral density but also by the spatial structure of bone trabeculae. In order to obtain valuable information regarding the bone strength, the mineral content and the spatial structure of the bone tissue should be objectively assessed. Methodology: The study includes 17 radiographs of in-vitro femurs without soft tissue and 44 routine proximal femur radiographs (15 subjects with osteoporotic fractures and 29 without a fracture). The critical force required to fracture the in-vitro femurs was measured and the bones were divided into two groups: 11 solid bones with critical fracture force higher than 4.9kN and 6 fragile bones with critical fracture force lower than 4.9kN. All the radiographs included an aluminum step-wedge for calibrating the gray-levels values (See Figure 3). An algorithm was developed to automatically adjust the gray levels in order to yield equal brightness and contrast. Findings: The algorithm characterized the in-vitro bones with as fragile or solid with an accuracy of 88%. For the radiographs of the patients, the algorithm characterized the bones as osteoporotic or non-osteoporotic with an accuracy of 86%. The most prominent features for estimating the bone strength were the mean gray-level, which is related to bone density, and the smoothness, uniformity and entropy, which are related to the spatial distribution of the bone trabeculae. Impact on Society: Analysis of bone tissue structure, using machine-learning tools will provide a significant information on the bone strength, for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. The structure analysis can be performed on routine radiographs of the proximal femur, with high accuracy. Future Research: The algorithm for automatic structure analysis of bone tissue as visualized on a routine femoral radiograph should be further trained on a larger dataset of routine radiographs in order to improve the accuracy of assessing the bone strength.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zaghlool, Shaza B. "Methods for automated segmentation of trabecular bone structure." In 2014 4th International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2014.7001934.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Yao, Hang, and Wei Tong. "Microstructure-Based Modeling of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures and Trabecular Bone." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13347.

Full text
Abstract:
Knowledge of mechanical properties of bones is important for the designing of bone replacements and implants as well as the research of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. However, bone, especially trabecular bone, is a highly anisotropic and heterogeneous living tissue. Micro-computed-tomography (micro-CT) and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging techniques are valuable tools for nondestructive investigation of three-dimensional trabecular bone architecture. From a reconstruction of trabecular bone, a numerical model such as finite element (FE) model can be generated. Using this FE model to simulate compression test, and comparing the simulation results to the results from real mechanical test of the same specimen, the relationship between the observed mechanical behaviors and the microstructure can be established.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Zhang, Aoyu, Bin Liu, John Liu, and Tianyu Xie. "Design of a Rotatable One-Element Snake Bone for NOTES." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3410.

Full text
Abstract:
Over the past decade, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has developed out of a merger of endoscopy and surgery [1]. NOTES offers the advantages of avoiding external incisions and scars, reducing pain, and shortening recovery time by using natural body orifices as the primary portal of entry for surgeries [2]. The NOTES platform consists of a flexible, hollow body — enabling travel in the interior of the human body — and the distal end (head), the mechanical structure of which is based off of the snake bone. After the distal end passes through a natural orifice, through a transluminal opening of the stomach, vagina, bladder, or colon, and reaches the target working place in the peritoneal cavity, several therapeutic and imaging tools can be passed through the hollow conduit of the NOTES’ body for surgeries [3]. The traditional snake bone design presents two major problems. First, the movement is constrained to two bending degrees-of-freedom (DOF). A need to reorient the tool then often requires the entire body to be rotated by the physician, an unwieldly manipulation that both hinders convenience and results in imprecise control. Second, the traditional fabrication process is tedious and therefore lends to higher manufacturing costs; the bending joints must be first individually machined then assembled together piece-by-piece using rotation pins. We propose a novel design for the snake bone that introduces an additional DOF via rotation and is simple and cost-effective to machine. The revised snake bone design features rotation segments controlled by wires that a physician can readily manipulate for increased control and convenience. Further, because surgical tools that pass through the NOTES body conduit are also installed on snake bone structures, the introduction of rotation to the snake bone design increases each tool’s mobility and manipulation. This advance therefore presents the potential to decrease both the number of required tools and the overall diameter of the NOTES body. Finally, the body is machined as a single element and therefore minimizes the work of assembly.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Sezer, Aysun, Hasan Basri Sezer, and Songul Albayrak. "Classification of bone pathologies with finite discrete shearlet transform based shape descriptors." In 2015 International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2015.7367150.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Arciniegas, Andrés Mauricio, and José Alonso Oviedo Monroy. "Development of an application for mobile devices with augmented reality for the teaching of fracture characteristics." In INNODOCT 2018. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2018.2018.8841.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction: this article is a product of the innovation project “Integration of augmented reality in the teaching-learning process of bone injuries”, developed during 2018 in the Trade and Services Center of the National Training Service SENA in Tolima. Problem: The Trade and Services Center, and the technological network of health services does not have an easily accessible tool that allows you to permanently develop a knowledge check against possible cases of polytraumatism and the incidence of fractures in front of the epidemiological profile making an identification of the characteristics of the same. Objective: Integrate augmented reality tools in the teaching-learning process of bone injuries. Methodology: Descriptive-propositive of qualitative nature, descriptive when skeletal lesions were characterized and propositive as soon as an application for mobile devices was generated aimed at improving the teaching-learning process of fractures. Results: a mobile application based on Augmented Reality was developed, which supports the teaching-learning process of bone injuries. Conclusions: three-dimensional models of bones and bone lesions have been recreated, allowing trainees to assimilate their characteristics and primary management effectively, thus reinforcing their learning through interactive contents. Limitations: the project only covers the learning of bone injuries.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Houam, Lotfi, Adel Hafiane, Abdelhani Boukrouche, Eric Lespessailles, and Rachid Jennane. "Texture characterization using local binary pattern and wavelets. Application to bone radiographs." In 2012 3rd International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2012.6469546.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Van Houtte, Jeroen, Shabab Bazrafkan, Filip Vandenberghe, Guoyan Zheng, and Jan Sijbers. "A Deep Learning Approach to Horse Bone Segmentation from Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs." In 2019 Ninth International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications (IPTA). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipta.2019.8936082.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Bone tools"

1

. Dorofeeva, N. A. BONE TOOLS OF THE YANKOVSKAYA CULTURE WITH TRACES OF BINDING: PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION. "Росток", 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/dor-2018-12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Anders, Katie. New tools needed to control the spread of mosquito-borne disease. Monash University, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54377/8fc0-e89d.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Fingerhut Raetz, Doria. Bone tool assemblages as an aid to shell mound site typologies on the Northwest coast. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5813.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Outes Velarde, Juliana, Srinithya Nagarajan, Eleanor Carter, Michael Gibson, and Ruairi Macdonald. INDIGO Impact Bond Insights. Government Outcomes Lab, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-golab-ri_2022/002.

Full text
Abstract:
Our International Network on Data for Impact and Government Outcomes – INDIGO – is an emerging data collaborative where different organisations share their data on a voluntary basis with the goal of advancing knowledge on outcomes-based partnerships. As part of this initiative, we host an Impact Bond Dataset that collects data on impact bond projects from all over the world. Every six months, we take stock of the new additions and offer a snapshot of the global landscape of impact bond projects.2 The first section describes the distribution of impact bond projects across countries and regions. A series of data visualisations show which countries are leading the way on a number of dimensions of scale, including the number of projects, the number of actual or expected service users, and how much upfront capital they raised. This section also provides a description of the new additions to our dataset since December 2021 and a summary of the new data about international impact bonds, those projects where the outcome funder is a foreign organisation. The second section is focused on the African region. Using the data from the Impact Bond Dataset and other evaluation reports, we provide a comprehensive summary of the different impact bond projects that delivered or are delivering a service in Africa. Finally, building on the data from our new pipeline dataset, we summarise the main trends from the outcomes ecosystem in the region. Our pipeline dataset collects data on upcoming outcomes-based instruments, such as social impact bonds, outcomes funds, payment-by-result projects and other types of outcomes-based tools. This report uses data as of 12 July 2022. The Impact Bond Dataset is open to any policymaker, researcher or data enthusiast who is interested in impact bonds projects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Murdoch, Larry, Stephen Moysey, Leonid Germanovich, and Baker Hughes. Proof-of-feasibility of using well bore deformation as a diagnostic tool to improve CO2 sequestration. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1240376.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

Full text
Abstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Johansen, Richard A., Christina L. Saltus, Molly K. Reif, and Kaytee L. Pokrzywinski. A Review of Empirical Algorithms for the Detection and Quantification of Harmful Algal Blooms Using Satellite-Borne Remote Sensing. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44523.

Full text
Abstract:
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) continue to be a global concern, especially since predicting bloom events including the intensity, extent, and geographic location, remain difficult. However, remote sensing platforms are useful tools for monitoring HABs across space and time. The main objective of this review was to explore the scientific literature to develop a near-comprehensive list of spectrally derived empirical algorithms for satellite imagers commonly utilized for the detection and quantification HABs and water quality indicators. This review identified the 29 WorldView-2 MSI algorithms, 25 Sentinel-2 MSI algorithms, 32 Landsat-8 OLI algorithms, 9 MODIS algorithms, and 64 MERIS/Sentinel-3 OLCI algorithms. This review also revealed most empirical-based algorithms fell into one of the following general formulas: two-band difference algorithm (2BDA), three-band difference algorithm (3BDA), normalized-difference chlorophyll index (NDCI), or the cyanobacterial index (CI). New empirical algorithm development appears to be constrained, at least in part, due to the limited number of HAB-associated spectral features detectable in currently operational imagers. However, these algorithms provide a foundation for future algorithm development as new sensors, technologies, and platforms emerge.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Genetic and chemical intervention in ROS signaling pathways affecting development and pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699866.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract: The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotior11111. The focus in this project was on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues involved in the regulation of these processes, utilizing and continuously developing tools our research groups have established and/or adapted for analysis of S. sclerotiorum, Our stated objectives: To take advantage of the recent conceptual (ROS/PPs signaling) and technical (amenability of S. sclerotiorumto manipulations coupled with chemical genomics and next generation sequencing) developments to address and extend our fundamental and potentially applicable knowledge of the following questions concerning the involvement of REDOX signaling and protein dephosphorylation in the regulation of hyphal/sclerotial development and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum: (i) How do defects in genes involved in ROS signaling affect S. sclerotiorumdevelopment and pathogenicity? (ii) In what manner do phosphotyrosinephosphatases affect S. sclerotiorumdevelopment and pathogenicity and how are they linked with ROS and other signaling pathways? And (iii) What is the nature of activity of newly identified compounds that affect S. sclerotiori,111 growth? What are the fungal targets and do they interfere with ROS signaling? We have met a significant portion of the specific goals set in our research project. Much of our work has been published. Briefly. we can summarize that: (a) Silencing of SsNox1(NADPHoxidase) expression indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic development, while inactivation of the SsNox2 gene resulted in limited sclerotial development, but the organism remained fully pathogenic. (b) A catalase gene (Scatl), whose expression was highly induced during host infection is involved in hyphal growth, branching, sclerotia formation and infection. (c) Protein tyrosine phosphatase l (ptpl) is required for sclerotial development and is involved in fungal infection. (d) Deletion of a superoxidedismutase gene (Sssodl) significantly reduced in virulence on both tomato and tobacco plants yet pathogenicity was mostly restored following supplementation with oxalate. (e) We have participated in comparative genome sequence analysis of S. sclerotiorumand B. cinerea. (f) S. sclerotiorumexhibits a potential switch between biotrophic and necrotrophic lifestyles (g) During plant­ microbe interactions cell death can occur in both resistant and susceptible events. Non­ pathogenic fungal mutants S. sclerotior111n also cause a cell death but with opposing results. We investigated PCD in more detail and showed that, although PCD occurs in both circumstances they exhibit distinctly different features. The mutants trigger a restricted cell death phenotype in the host that unexpectedly exhibits markers associated with the plant hypersensitive (resistant) response. Using electron and fluorescence microscopy, chemical effectors and reverse genetics, we have established that this restricted cell death is autophagic. Inhibition of autophagy rescued the non-pathogenic mutant phenotype. These findings indicate that autophagy is a defense response in this interaction Thus the control of cell death, dictated by the plant (autophagy) סr the fungus (apoptosis), is decisive to the outcome of certain plant­ microbe interactions. In addition to the time and efforts invested towards reaching the specific goals mentioned, both Pls have initiated utilizing (as stated as an objective in our proposal) state of the art RNA-seq tools in order to harness this technology for the study of S. sclerotiorum. The Pls have met twice (in Israel and in the US), in order to discuss .נחd coordinate the research efforts. This included a working visit at the US Pls laboratory for performing RNA-seq experiments and data analysis as well as working on a joint publication (now published). The work we have performed expands our understanding of the fundamental biology (developmental and pathogenic) of S. sclerotioז111וז. Furthermore, based on our results we have now reached the conclusion that this fungus is not a bona fide necrotroph, but can also display a biotrophic lifestyle at the early phases of infection. The data obtained can eventually serve .נ basis of rational intervention with the disease cycle of this pathogen.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton, and Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Bone tools' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography