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Maass, Petra. "A statistical shape analysis of the neurocranium and long bones." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22898.
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Morphological variation of skeletal elements, and the potential use of such variation in distinguishing among demographic groups, is often investigated using traditional metric or non-metric assessments. Traditional approaches, however, often fail to sufficiently capture the "true" shape of features, thus also failing to identify potentially important feature characteristics. The development of geometric morphometrics has allowed more comprehensive and accurate three-dimensional data capture which maintains the geometric properties of an object while isolating the effect of size from the data. The aim of this study was to employ the geometric morphometric approach to a 3D digitized sample of 1132 South African individuals from the skeletal collections of the Universities of Cape Town, Stellenbosch, Witwatersrand and Pretoria. Morphological variation among demographic groups was assessed using Generalized Procrustes Analyses applied to the individual bones of the neurocranium and the long bones of the limbs. The ability to distinguish groups based on the detected variation was assessed using Discriminant Function Analysis. The results show that, when size is isolated from the data, only a few elements show sexual dimorphism, while all examined elements show high accuracy in distinguishing among ancestry groups (>74%). When variation is assessed using both parameters, classification accuracies of 70-83% are obtained. Comparison of the different elements shows that the best classification accuracies are based on the frontal bone (84% average) and the humerus (81% average). This study shows that the morphologies of the neurocranium and long bones vary among sex and ancestry groups. This allows assessment of how the combination of variable intrinsic and extrinsic influences can manifest on different parts of the skeleton. In a population as genetically and historically complex as that of South Africa, understanding of the impact of such influences may inform forensic assessments of skeletal material, which is especially valuable considering the high rate of violent crimes and increasing number of unidentified remains being discovered in the country.
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Reese, Nathaniel E. "The Ecomorphology of White-tailed Deer Lower Limb Bones Through the Holocene in Central North America." Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1589560.
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Recent studies have used ecomorphological methods to look at morphological variation in artiodactyl postcranial elements as indicators of paleoenvironment conditions. From these studies, a continuum of variations in the lower limb bones of members of Bovidae and Cervidae in association with habitat conditions have been developed. The focus of this study is to look at variation in a single species, white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), that occupies a wide range of habitats and determine if regional adaptations exist in populations of different habitat conditions.
This studies uses linear measurements to assess size and shape variations in the metacarpal, metatarsal, astragalus, and calcaneus between white-tailed deer populations associated with open- and closed-habitat conditions thought-out the Holocene and in modern populations. The Holocene was subdividing into three time units (10,000-5,000, 5,000-3,000, and 3,000-1,000 yr BP) based on environmental shifts and availability of samples. Variations in size and shape were assessed for 1) in open- and closed-habitat conditions in both Holocene and modern deer overall, 2) in habitat conditions in open-classified Holocene deer through time, 3) in modern deer populations along a latitudinal transect,4) between Holocene and modern deer overall, and5) in Holocene and modern for open-classified and closed-classified deer.
Results indicated that size differences existed between open- and closed-classified deer in both Holocene and modern populations and that deer associated with open-habitat were larger. Shape differences between open- and closed-classified deer in the Holocene appear to be adapted to the environment, however, modern deer offered only limited insight and lacked consistence in variations. Results for variation thought time in Holocene deer indicated that size increased from Early to late Holocene in both the astragalus and calcaneus. Results for shape offered limited and mixed results. Results for variation in population along a latitudinal transect indicated that deer size increase from lower to higher latitudes. Results for shape differences between populations offered limited insight into variation. However, results for the calcaneal tuber functional region did indicated that deer become more open-adapted in relation to the southern population from lower to higher latitudes,. For the comparison of Holocene and modern deer size overall, only the astragalus indicated a clear variation between the two. The astragalus indicated that Holocene deer were larger than modern deer. Results for variation in shape between the two indicated little difference between the two except for the calcaneus, which indicated that modern deer were more open-adapted. Results for size differences in Holocene and modern for open-classified and closed-classified deer offered limited and mixed results. Results for shape differences were also limited; however, the calcaneus strongly indicated that modern closed-classified deer are more open-adapted than Holocene closed-classified deer.
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Saxon, Leanne, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The role of exercise in the development of bone strength during growth." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051125.095337.
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Exercise during growth may increase peak bone mass; if the benefits are maintained it may reduce the risk of fracture later in life (1). It is hypothesised that exercise will preferentially enhance bone formation on the surface of cortical bone that is undergoing bone modeling at the time (2). Therefore, exercise may increase bone mass accrual on the outer periosteal surface during the pre- and peri-pubertal years, and on the inner endocortical surface during puberty (3). An increase in bone formation on the periosteal surface is, however, more effective for increasing bone strength than medullary contraction (4).
While exercise may have a role in osteoporosis prevention, there is little evidential basis to support this notion. It is generally accepted that weight-bearing exercise is important, but it is not known how much, how often, what magnitude or how long children need to exercise before a clinically important increase in bone density is obtained.
In this thesis, the effect of exercise on the growing skeleton is investigated in two projects. The first quantifies the magnitude and number of loads associated with and in a moderate and low impact exercise program and non-structured play. The second project examines how exercise affects bone size and shape during different stages of growth.
Study One: The Assessment of the Magnitude of Exercise Loading and the Skeletal Response in Girls
Questions: 1) Does moderate impact exercise lead to a greater increase in BMC than low impact exercise? 2) Does loading history influence the osteogenic response to moderate impact exercise? 3) What is the magnitude and number of loads that are associated with a moderate and low impact exercise program?
Methods: Sixty-eight pre-and early-pubertal girls (aged 8.9±0.2 years) were randomised to either a moderate or low impact exercise regime for 8.5-months. In each exercise
group the girls received either calcium fortified (-2000 mg/week) or non-fortified foods for the duration of the study. The magnitude and number of loads associated with the exercise programs and non-structured play were assessed using a Pedar in-sole mobile system and video footage, respectively.
Findings: After adjusting for baseline BMC, change in length and calcium intake, the girls in the moderate exercise intervention showed greater increases in BMC at the tibia (2.7%) and total body (1.3%) (p ≤0.05). Girl's who participated in moderate impact sports outside of school, showed greater gains in BMC in response to the moderate impact exercise program compared to the low impact exercise program (2.5 to 4.5%, p ≤0.06 to 0.01). The moderate exercise program included -400 impacts per class, that were applied in a dynamic manner and the magnitude of impact was up to 4 times body weight.
Conclusion: Moderate-impact exercise may be sufficient to enhance BMC accrual during the pre-pubertal years. However, loading history is likely to influence the osteogenic response to additional moderate impact exercise. These findings contribute towards the development of school-based exercise programs aimed at improving bone health of children.
Study Two: Exercise Effect on Cortical Bone Morphology During Different Stages of Maturation in Tennis Players
Questions: 1) How does exercise affect bone mass (BMC) bone geometry and bone strength during different stages of growth? 2) Is there an optimal stage during growth when exercise has the greatest affect on bone strength?
Methods: MRI was used to measure average total bone, cortical and medullary areas at the mid- and distal-regions of the playing and non-playing humerii in 47 pre-, peri- and post-pubertal competitive female tennis players aged 8 to 17 years. To assess bone rigidity, each image was imported into Scion Image 4.0.2 and the maximum, minimum
and polar second moments of area were calculated using a custom macro. DXA was used to measure BMC of the whole humerus. Longitudinal data was collected on 37 of the original cohort.
Findings: Analysis of the entire cohort showed that exercise was associated with increased BMC and cortical area (8 to 14%), and bone rigidity (11 to 23%) (all p ≤0.05). The increase in cortical bone area was associated with periosteal expansion in the pre-pubertal years and endocortical contraction in the post-pubertal years (p ≤0.05). The exercise-related gains in bone mass that were accrued at the periosteum during the pre-pubertal years, did not increase with advanced maturation and/or additional training.
Conclusion: Exercise increased cortical BMC by enhancing bone formation on the periosteal surface during the pre-pubertal years and on the endocortical surface in the post-pubertal years. However, bone strength only increased in response to bone acquisition on the periosteal surface. Therefore the pre-pubertal years appear to be the most opportune time for exercise to enhance BMC accrual and bone strength
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Mossor, Angela. "A Horse of a Different Color?: Material Strength and Elasticity of Bones and Tendons in Sloth Limbs." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1597166028044999.
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Carvalho, Vanessa Graciela Gomes. "Ossos do sistema estomatognático e da articulação temporomandibular de cães e gatos: enfoque anátomo-cirúrgico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-16062005-100126/.
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Sabe-se que o estudo da anatomia é de fundamental importância para todo e qualquer procedimento médico-cirúrgico, como também para o entendimento de toda a fisiologia e das doenças que acometem os seres vivos. Porém, para a prática da odontologia veterinária, especialidade que vem crescendo sobremaneira nos últimos anos, nota-se a ausência de uma compilação única do estudo anatômico da cabeça das espécies mais tratadas, especificamente cães e gatos. Considera-se, portanto, oportuno realizar um estudo geral dos ossos do crânio, dando ênfase ao sistema estomatognático e incluindo a articulação temporomandibular, visando descrever, ilustrar e correlacionar suas estruturas, aplicando este conhecimento na prática cirúrgica, ressaltando os pontos de maior importância para o desempenho da especialidade, disponibilizando uma base de conhecimento que atue como um \"guia" para o médico-veterinário que se interessa e pratica a odontologia veterinária. Para a realização das ilustrações, crânios de cães e gatos foram preparados pela técnica de maceração, fotografados e radiografados, com suas estruturas ósseas identificadas de acordo com as necessidades da correlação cirúrgica.The study of anatomy is important to accomplish any kind of surgical and medical procedure and to understand the physiology and the diseases that happen in animals. Nowadays, veterinary dentistry is an important area of veterinary medicine which has been increasing and improving during the last years. However, currently, the veterinarian can not find any specific and exclusive literature about head anatomy of dogs and cats. It is therefore important to perform a study of the bones of the cranium, specially the bones of the stomatognathic system, including the temporomandibular joint, describing and illustrating the most important structures and correlating this knowledge with the surgical procedures. This paper serves the veterinarians that work with dentistry as a \"guide". The illustrations and the radiographs were made with macerated craniums of dogs and cats and had the structures identified according to the surgical necessities.
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Hanie, Elizabeth Anne. "Comparison of healing of full-thickness cartilage vs. full- thickness cartilage and subchondral bone defects in the equine third carpal bone." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08182009-040427/.
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Janicek, John Charles. "In vitro three dimensional biomechanical comparison of two internal fixation methods in equine adult radii." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4927.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007."August 2007" The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Includes bibliographical references.
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Hornsveld, Marius. "The osteology of the cranial and facial bones of the savannah buffalo Syncerus caffer caffer (Sparrman, 1779)." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09192002-102042.
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Souza, Caio Gonçalves de. "Análise histomorfométrica do colo femoral em pacientes com e sem fratura do colo do fêmur." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5140/tde-24012008-142245/.
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Foi analisada a parte trabecular do colo do fêmur de 13 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade acima dos 60 anos, com o método da histomorfometria óssea. Sete destas pacientes tiveram fratura do colo do fêmur. Todas foram submetidas a artroplastia do quadril. O exame de densitometria óssea não mostrou diferença significativa. Na espessura média das trabéculas não houve diferença significativa, porém o número de trabéculas foi menor e a separação entre elas foi maior no grupo com fraturas.A histomorphometry evaluation of the trabecular part of the femoral neck was performed in 13 women over 60 years old submitted to hip arthroplasty. Seven of these patients had a femoral neck fracture. The bone mineral density showed no difference between both groups. The average thickness did not have significant between both groups, but the trabecular separation was higher and the number of trabecular bone was lower in the fracture group.
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Pacheco, Andrielle de Bitencourt. "AVALIAÇÃO ANTROPOSCÓPICA E CEFALOMÉTRICA DO PERFIL E DA TENDÊNCIA FACIAL E SUA RELAÇÃO COM AS FUNÇÕES ESTOMATOGNÁTICAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6547.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorIntroduction: the profile and the facial tendency constitute the variation of bone and muscle structures of the individual, and may influence directly in the chewing, swallowing and breathing functions. Thus, the evaluation of these aspects is essential for Orofacial clinical work. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the cephalometric and anthrophoscopic evaluation on the classification of profile and facial tendency, as well as to evaluate the association of these skeletal features with the functions of the stomatognathic system. Method: the sample consisted of 35 childrens, aged between six and twelve years, undergoing anthroposcopic evaluation with photographic documentation, with cephalometric and otorhinolaryngology evaluation. To verify the agreement between cephalometric and anthroposcopic evaluation was used the Kappa test. The association between profile and the facial tendency with the stomatognathic changes was analyzed using the Qui-square and Fisher Exact Test. Was adopted a significance level of p <0.05 for all tests. Results: the concordance among the judges in the classification of profile and the facial tendency was moderate. The concordance between the cephalometric and anthroposcopic evaluation as to profile was not possible as to analyze and the tendency was weak. Was observed good concordance between judges for the chewing variables and weak concordance for the swallowing variables. Was not found significant association between stomatognathic function and no association was found between stomatognathic functions with the facial profile and tendency. Conclusion: concludes that assessments and cephalometric antroposcópica differ and that changes stomatognathic not depend only on a few isolated variables.
Introdução: o perfil e a tendência facial constituem a variação de estruturas ósseas e musculares do indivíduo podendo influenciar diretamente nas funções de mastigação, deglutição e respiração. Por essa razão, a avaliação destes aspectos é essencial para a atuação clínica em motricidade orofacial. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a concordância entre a avaliação antroposcópica e cefalométrica quanto à classificação do perfil e da tendência facial, bem como, analisar a associação dessas características esqueléticas com as funções do sistema estomatognático. Metodologia: a amostra foi constituída por 35 crianças, com idades entre seis e doze anos, submetidas à avaliação antroposcópica com documentação fotográfica, avaliação cefalométrica e otorrinolaringológica. Para verificar a concordância entre as avaliações antroposcópica e cefalométrica utilizou-se o teste Kappa. A associação entre perfil e tendência facial com as alterações estomatognáticas foi analisada através dos testes Qui-Quadrado e Teste Exato de Fischer. Adotou-se nível de significância p<0,05 para todos os testes. Resultados: a concordância entre as juízas na classificação do perfil e da tendência facial foi moderada. A concordância entre as avaliações antroposcópica e cefalométrica quanto ao perfil não foi possível analisar e, quanto à tendência, foi fraca. Observou-se boa concordância entre juízas para as variáveis da mastigação e concordância fraca para as da deglutição e não foi encontrada associação entre funções estomatognáticas com o perfil e a tendência facial. Conclusão: conclui-se que as avaliações antroposcópica e cefalométrica diferem em relação ao perfil e à tendência facial e que as alterações estomatognáticas não dependem apenas das variáveis analisadas.
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Björklund, Katarina. "Elevers kunskap och uppfattning om människoskelettet : Jämförelse mellan förskoleklass och grundskolans årskurs tre." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-70911.
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Denna studie jämförde kunskaper och uppfattningar som elever i förskoleklass och i grundskolans årskurs tre har om människoskelettet och de olika skelettdelarnas struktur och funktion. Fjorton elever tilldelade ett pappersark med en färdigskissad människokropp på och instruerades att rita hur de uppfattade att människoskelettet såg ut. Därefter intervjuades eleverna om sina skelettkunskaper utifrån deras ritningar. Studien omfattade enskilda semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet visade att det fanns en kunskapsutveckling från förskoleklass till grundskolans årskurs tre. Elevers uppfattning i båda årskurserna om skelettdelarnas funktion var att skelettdelarna behövdes för att kunna röra sig, gå, stå, plocka upp och hålla i saker. Dock visade det sig att det enbart var eleverna i grundskolans årskurs tre som hade kunskaper om skelettets funktion, att skydda kroppens inre organ. Vidare visade det sig att eleverna i båda årskurserna hade goda kunskaper om skelettdelarna i lemmarna. Den skelettdel som eleverna i båda årskurserna hade minst kunskap om var höftbenet, jämfört med de andra skelettdelarna.This study compared pre-school and primary school year three pupils’ knowledge and perception regarding structure and function of the human skeleton and the various skeletal components. Fourteen pupils where provided with a sheet of paper consisted of an outline of the human body and were instructed to draw the human skeletal system, as they perceived it to be. Thereafter, the pupils were interviewed on their skeletal knowledge based on their drawings. The study utilized individual semi-structured interviews. The results depicted an increase in knowledge between pre-school and primary year three pupils. In both grades the pupils’ perception of the skeleton component functions were: movement, walking, standing, pick up and hold objects. Nonetheless, only the pupils in primary year three displayed knowledge of the skeleton’s capability to protect the body’s organs. Furthermore, the results showed that the pupils in both grades had adequate knowledge, regarding the skeleton components in the limbs. Pupils in both grades displayed a decreased amount of knowledge regarding the hipbone compared to the rest of the skeleton components.
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Liang, Tong. "Atlas-based Segmentation of Temporal Bone Anatomy." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1491835850819812.
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Schorr, Fabíola. "Colapsabilidade da faringe durante o sono induzido: comparação entre descendentes de Japoneses e indivíduos Brancos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-06082015-143937/.
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Introdução: A patogênese da apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é complexa e pode variar de acordo com a etnia. O componente anatômico que predispõe à AOS é resultado da interação entre a estrutura óssea e partes moles da via aérea superior (VAS), e pode ser acessado através da pressão crítica de fechamento da faringe (Pcrit). Hipotetizamos que os descendentes de Japoneses e Caucasianos apresentam diferentes preditores para a colapsabilidade da VAS, sugerindo diferentes vias que levam ao desenvolvimento da AOS nestes dois grupos étnicos. Métodos: Homens descendentes de Japoneses (n=39) e Caucasianos (n=39), pareados para idade e gravidade da AOS, foram avaliados através de polissonografia (PSG), Pcrit e tomografia computadorizada (TC) da VAS e abdome para estudo da anatomia da via aérea e gordura abdominal, respectivamente. Resultados: Pcrit foi similar entre descendentes de Japoneses e Caucasianos (-1.0 ± 3.3 vs -0.4 ± 3.1 cmH20). Descendentes de Japoneses apresentaram menores dimensões ósseas craniofaciais (comprimento da base do crânio, maxila e mandíbula), enquanto que os Caucasianos apresentaram maior tamanho das partes moles da VAS (comprimento e volume da língua) e maior desbalanço entre o volume da língua e da mandíbula (razão entre o volume da língua e o volume da mandíbula). O ângulo da base do crânio apresentou associação com a Pcrit somente entre os descendentes de Japoneses (r=-0.535, p < 0.01). A razão volume da língua/volume mandibular se associou com a Pcrit somente nos Caucasianos (r=0.460, p < 0.01). Variáveis relacionadas à obesidade (IMC, circunferências cervical e abdominal, gordura visceral) mostraram correlação semelhante com a Pcrit em ambos os grupos. Conclusões: Descendentes de Japoneses e Caucasianos apresentam diferentes preditores da colapsabilidade da VAS. Enquanto a restrição óssea craniofacial foi determinante para a Pcrit somente entre os descendentes de Japoneses, o desbalanço anatômico entre o volume da língua e da mandíbula foi importante para a Pcrit nos Caucasianos. Estes achados podem ter implicações terapêuticas no tocante à melhora da predisposição anatômica para a AOS entre as etniasIntroduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathogenesis is complex and may vary according to ethnicity. The anatomical component predisposing to OSA is the result of the interaction between bony structure and upper airway soft tissues and can be assessed using passive critical closing pressure (Pcrit). We hypothesized that Japanese-Brazilians and Caucasians present different predictors to upper airway collapsibility, suggesting different causal pathways to develop OSA in these two groups. Methods: Male Japanese-Brazilians (n=39) and Caucasians (n=39) well matched for age and OSA severity were evaluated by full polysomnography, Pcrit and upper airway plus abdomen CT scans for determination of upper airway anatomy and abdominal fat, respectively. Results: Pcrit was similar between Japanese-Brazilians and Caucasians (-1.0 ± 3.3 vs -0.4 ± 3.1 cmH20). Japanese-Brazilians presented smaller upper airway bony dimensions (cranial base, maxillary and mandibular length) while Caucasians presented larger upper airway soft tissue (tongue length and volume) and greater imbalance between tongue and mandible (tongue/mandibular volume ratio). Cranial base angle was associated with Pcrit only among Japanese-Brazilians (r=-0.535, p < 0.01). Tongue/mandibular volume ratio was associated with Pcrit only among Caucasians (r=0.460, p < 0.01). Obesity-related variables (visceral fat, BMI, neck and waist circumferences) showed similar correlation with Pcrit in Japanese-Brazilians and Caucasians. Conclusions: Japanese-Brazilians and Caucasians present different predictors of upper airway collapsibility. While craniofacial bony restriction was determinant to Pcrit only in the Japanese-Brazilians, anatomical imbalance between tongue and mandible volume was important to Pcrit among Caucasians. These findings may have therapeutic implications regarding how to improve anatomical predisposition to OSA across ethnicities
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Quam, Rolf Michael. "Temporal bone anatomy and the evolution of acoustic capacities in fossil humans." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Jimenez, Karla Negrão [UNESP]. "Aspectos morfológicos e biométricos da mão e densitométricos do metacarpo de ovinos da raça Santa Inês." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89014.
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Considerando-se a falta de informações sobre a morfologia óssea da mão de ovinos, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os aspectos anatômicos e biométricos da mão de 14 ovinos, machos castrados, da raça Santa Inês como também investigar os valores densitométricos do metacarpo destes animais de diferentes idades. Para isso dissecou-se 14 mãos do membro torácico desses animais, para realização da descrição morfológica após a aplicação da técnica de maceração. A Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO) do metacarpo foi determinada por meio da técnica de densitometria em imagens radiográficas, após a obtenção dos raios X dos animais vivos aos 12°, 13°, 14° e 15° meses de idade. Para a obtenção das medidas da DMO foi utilizado um software computacional Pró Plus, Média Cybernetics, versão 4.1. Após as análises morfológicas e biométricas das mãos pode-se verificar a semelhança das estruturas ósseas da mão dos ovinos com os bovinos, levando-se em conta o porte médio desta espécie. Além disso, foi observado que os valores densitométricos permaneceram estáveis no decorrer do período experimental. Diante disto sugere-se uma avaliação densitométrica por um período de tempo maior do que foi utilizado neste estudo
Considering few information of bone morphology in sheep hand, this study aimed to describe the anatomy and biometric of the hand of 14 sheep, castrated male, Santa Inês also investigate the densitometric values of metacarpus in animals of different ages. For this 14 hands was dissect of the thoracic limb of these animals to the morphological description after applying the technique of maceration and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the metacarpal was determined using the technique of optical densitometry in radiographic images. To measure BMD it was used computer software Pró Plus, Media Cybernetics, version 4.1. After the morphological and biometric hands analyses was verify the similarity of the bony hand of sheep with cattle, taking into account the medium size of this species. Furthermore, it was observed that the bone mineral density values remained stable during the experimental period, it is suggested valuation for a longer period than realized in this study
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De, Boef Maria Elizabeth. "Effects of phylogeny, physiology, and function on bone microstructure in extant endothermic vertebrates." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86513.
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A strong relationship between bone macrostructural morphology and bone mechanical function has been well documented and is an essential component of many vertebrate biomechanical studies. However, a vastly richer data set could be had if the relationship between bone microstructure and bone function were as well understood. This thesis enumerates the bone microstructure-function relationship in a statistically consistent manor in extant endotherms.Phylogeny, physiology and function have been shown to independently contribute to bone microstructure morphology. However, rarely have two or more of these factors been examined in combination. In this work the author used various statistical and experimental techniques to quantify the contribution of each of these factors to bone microstructure.
This work is organized into four parts: First, a review of methods used to quantify bone microstructure is given and a new method for quantifying vascular orientation proposed. This method allows the researcher to observe vascular orientation as an unbiased continuous measure and therefore complete more extensive statistical testing. Second, an analysis of the use of skeletochronology for aging three species of extant carnivores is given. This technique, although rarely used in extant endotherms, is commonly used for aging specimens from palaeontological findings. Upon discovering a significant discordance between organismal age and skeletochronology in the carnivorans studied here, I discuss the validity of its use in palaeontology. Third, using a sample of seven carnivoran species, the impact of phylogeny, function and physiology on bone microstructure was tested using a variance partitioning method. It was found that phylogeny has a large and significant impact on bone microstructural characteristics but only in conjunction with functional and physiological variables. When considering the effects of the three "pure" factors I found that physiological factors are the major drivers of bone microstructure. To further explore these findings, the final chapter presents an experimental study on the effects of biomechanical function and repeated loading on the humerus and tibiotarsus in Helmeted GuineaFowl. It was found that the type of strain and the repetition of strain from exercise both significantly impact bone microstructure but the relationship between tensile, compressive and shear strains to microstructure is complex with no obvious correlation.
Il existe une forte relation entre la morphologie de la structure macroscopique des os et leurs caractéristiques fonctionnelles au niveau mécanique. Cette relation est bien documentée et est un aspect essentiel de plusieurs études sur la biomécanique des vertébrés. Cependant, un ensemble de données beaucoup plus étoffé serait disponible si la relation entre la morphologie de la microstructure des os et leur fonction était mieux comprise. La présente thèse comporte une énumération des relations entre la microstructure des os et leurs caractéristiques fonctionnelles chez certaines espèces actuelles d'endothermes, en suivant une approche statistique cohérente.
Il a été démontré que la phylogénie, la fonction et la physiologie contribuent séparément à la morphologie de la microstructure des os. Cependant, les effets combinés de deux ou plusieurs de ces facteurs ont rarement été examinés. Dans la présente étude, l'auteur a utilisé plusieurs méthodes statistiques et expérimentales afin de quantifier l'impact respectif de chacun de ces facteurs sur la microstructure des os.
Cette thèse est organisée en quatre parties. D'abord, une revue des méthodes utilisées pour quantifier la microstructure des os est présentée et une nouvelle méthode pour quantifier l'orientation vasculaire est proposée. Cette nouvelle méthode permet d'observer l'orientation vasculaire d'une manière continue et non-biaisée, et permet donc une analyse statistique plus approfondie. Ensuite, l'utilisation de la squelettochronologie pour la détermination de l'âge de trois espèces de carnivores est analysée. Cette technique, bien que rarement utilisée pour déterminer l'âge chez les endothermes actuels, est communément employée pour les espèces paléontologiques. À la suite de la découverte d'une discordance significative entre l'âge des organismes et la squelettochronologie chez les carnivores étudiés ici, la validité de cette technique en paléontologie est discutée. En troisième partie, à partir d'un échantillon de sept espèces de carnivores et au moyen d'une analyse de partition de variance, l'impact de la phylogénie, de la fonction et de la physiologie sur la microstructure des os a été testé. Il a été découvert que la phylogénie avait un impact important sur la microstructure des os, mais seulement en conjonction avec les variables liées à la fonction et à la physiologie. Lorsque les effets des trois facteurs « purs » étaient considérés, la physiologie était le facteur qui contribuait le plus à la variabilité observée dans la microstructure des os. Afin d'examiner ces résultats plus en détail, le chapitre final présente une expérience investiguant les effets d'une charge répétée et de la fonction biomécanique sur l'humérus et le tibiotarse de la pintade de Numidie (Numida meleagris). Le type d'effort et la répétition de l'effort imposé par l'exercice avaient tous les deux un impact significatif sur la microstructure des os, mais les relations entre les forces de tension, de compression et de cisai
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Jimenez, Karla Negrão. "Aspectos morfológicos e biométricos da mão e densitométricos do metacarpo de ovinos da raça Santa Inês /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89014.
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Resumo: Considerando-se a falta de informações sobre a morfologia óssea da mão de ovinos, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os aspectos anatômicos e biométricos da mão de 14 ovinos, machos castrados, da raça Santa Inês como também investigar os valores densitométricos do metacarpo destes animais de diferentes idades. Para isso dissecou-se 14 mãos do membro torácico desses animais, para realização da descrição morfológica após a aplicação da técnica de maceração. A Densidade Mineral Óssea (DMO) do metacarpo foi determinada por meio da técnica de densitometria em imagens radiográficas, após a obtenção dos raios X dos animais vivos aos 12°, 13°, 14° e 15° meses de idade. Para a obtenção das medidas da DMO foi utilizado um software computacional Pró Plus, Média Cybernetics, versão 4.1. Após as análises morfológicas e biométricas das mãos pode-se verificar a semelhança das estruturas ósseas da mão dos ovinos com os bovinos, levando-se em conta o porte médio desta espécie. Além disso, foi observado que os valores densitométricos permaneceram estáveis no decorrer do período experimental. Diante disto sugere-se uma avaliação densitométrica por um período de tempo maior do que foi utilizado neste estudoAbstract: Considering few information of bone morphology in sheep hand, this study aimed to describe the anatomy and biometric of the hand of 14 sheep, castrated male, Santa Inês also investigate the densitometric values of metacarpus in animals of different ages. For this 14 hands was dissect of the thoracic limb of these animals to the morphological description after applying the technique of maceration and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the metacarpal was determined using the technique of optical densitometry in radiographic images. To measure BMD it was used computer software Pró Plus, Media Cybernetics, version 4.1. After the morphological and biometric hands analyses was verify the similarity of the bony hand of sheep with cattle, taking into account the medium size of this species. Furthermore, it was observed that the bone mineral density values remained stable during the experimental period, it is suggested valuation for a longer period than realized in this study
Orientador: Silvana Martinez Baraldi Artoni
Coorientador: José Wanderley Cattelan
Banca: Mário Jefferson Quirino Louzada
Banca: Vanessa Sobue Franzo
Mestre
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De, Seta Daniele. "Quality of insertion in cochlear implants : a clinical and temporal bone study." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066174/document.
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L'implant cochléaire représente le dispositif de référence pour réhabiliter l'audition des patients atteints de surdités sévère à profonde. Les indications se sont récemment étendues vers les patients avec une audition résiduelle avec de bons résultats. Il persiste cependant une grande hétérogénéité des résultats auditifs. Plusieurs facteurs ont été identifiés comme influençant les performances auditives: durée de la surdité, intelligibilité préopératoire et stratégie de codage. Dans cette thèse, l'anatomie de la cochlée et la position postopératoire du porte-électrodes ont été étudiés afin d'identifier les facteurs de variabilité de la discrimination vocale inter- et intra-individuelle. Les résultats de cette thèse ont montré un lien entre la position de l'électrode et les performances auditives à court terme, alors que la plasticité neuronale pourrait jouer un rôle important dans l'adaptation de l'implant cochléaire aux structures neurales à long terme. De plus, la préservation des structures cochléaires est maintenant recommandée pour tous les candidats à l'implantation, quelle que soit leur audition préopératoire. Une étude radio-histologique sur rochers avec une insertion motorisée du porte-électrodes a été réalisée afin d'identifier les paramètres des forces d'insertion qui pourraient prédire le traumatisme de l'oreille interne lié à l'insertion. Une corrélation entre les valeurs de forces d'insertion et le traumatisme cochléaire a été trouvée dans les os temporaux. Ces valeurs, serviront au développement d'outils d'insertion " intelligents " pour réduire les lésions liées à l'insertion et ainsi conduire à des conditions de rééducation auditive optimaleThe cochlear implantation represents the standard technique to restore the hearing in totallydeafened persons, and the indications during the last years are widening also to patients withresidual hearing or presenting single sided deafness. Despite the overall good to very goodresults after cochlear implantation reported in literature a wide heterogeneity of the hearingoutcomes emerges in the single studies and poor results both in unilateral and bilateralcochlear implantation are still reported. Several patients’ specific factors have been identifiedas affecting postimplant speech perception score, including duration of deafness, residualpreoperative speech recognition, and different speech coding strategy. In this thesis theanatomy of the cochlea and the position of the electrode array in implanted patients have beenstudied with the attempt to identify the affecting factors that contribute to the variability of theinter- and intra-individual speech discrimination scores both in bilaterally and unilaterallyimplanted patients. Moreover, following the expanding indication for cochlear implantation,the preservation of inner ear structures is becoming recommended for all cochlear implantcandidates, regardless of their preoperative hearing. A radio-histological temporal bone studywith a motorized insertion of the array was performed in order to identify the insertion forcesparameters that could predict the possible traumatism involving the inner ear. The results ofthis thesis showed a relationship between the intracochlear electrode position and hearingperformance in the short term follow up, whereas the neural plasticity would play animportant role in the adaptation of the cochlear implant to the neural structures in the longterm. A correlation between insertion forces and inner ear traumatism was found in temporalbones. Two different force profiles for traumatic and atraumatic insertion were obtained; thesevalues, if confirmed by further studies, could be useful for the development of future forcefeedback automated cochlear implant insertion tool in order to reduce the risk of insertionrelated damage and provide the best chance for an optimal hearing rehabilitation in cochlearimplanted candidates
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Al, Hadi Mouafak. "Motion of the foot inside a hockey skate: As measured from bone, skin, and skate markers." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6210.
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In filming and digitizing human segmental motion, external markers do not necessarily represent a true picture of the actual bone movement. When surface markers are placed on the skin or skate boot (in ice hockey) they move according to skin or boot movement, which does not exactly match bone movement. This results in a misrepresentation of the joint axes of rotation and a greater margin of error in motion measurement and analysis. This problem occurs for ankle and foot movements as their motion is quantified about the ankle joint complex (talocrural and subtalar joints). Hockey skates are vastly more rigid than regular shoes and their restriction of foot movement is greater. Therefore, shoes and hockey skates cannot be considered identical. The present study aims at exploring differences amongst bone, skin, and skate marker based motions of the foot during skating. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Mobley, Leigh Barrett. "An anatomy of an unsuccessful school bond election in a rural school district." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11012007-163605.
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Kingsmill, Virginia Jane. "Bone structure and turnover in the adult human mandible." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.480655.
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Xynos, Ioannis D. "Bioactive glasses for the in vitro synthesis of bone tissue." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11494.
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Hankey, David Patrick. "Characterisation of osteoblasts in culture and analysis of bone specific proteins." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317508.
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Montoya-Sanhueza, Germán Andrés. "Functional anatomy, osteogenesis and bone microstructure of the appendicular system of African mole-rats (Rodentia: Ctenohystrica: Bathyergidae)." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32855.
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In comparison to their ecophysiological and behavioral aspects, the skeletal system of African mole-rats (Bathyergidae) has been relatively understudied. Only a few studies have assessed their skeletal system, but these have mostly focused on their cranial and dental systems, with little attention on their postcranial skeleton. This PhD thesis provides a considerable amount of information about the functional anatomy, morphological diversity and postnatal bone morphogenesis of the appendicular system of these subterranean mammals. African mole-rats are small mammals highly adapted to the hypogeous niche that feed on underground roots and tubers. They forage, mate, breed and to some extent even disperse underground. For this, they build extensive burrow systems primarily with their chisel-like teeth, but also using their forelimbs for scratch-digging. One of the most exceptional features of bathyergids is their wide spectrum of social organization, which is unique among mammals and ranges from solitary, social and eusocial. Here, the eusocial naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glaber, has been the most studied species. The physiology of African mole-rats is also exceptional among rodents and other mammals, showing low metabolic rates and body temperatures, as well as slow somatic growth rates. They also show enhanced fitness and prolonged longevity, features that have been associated to a life protected from both climatic extremes and predation, as well as to intergenerational transfer of information, communal care of young and shared foraging endeavors in social species. For these reasons, bathyergids represent a unique animal model to explore their skeletal adaptations to fossoriality and life underground. The aim of this research was to assess the patterns of bone growth and development to understand how adults attain their final phenotype. A comprehensive sample (N = 506) of all six bathyergid genera including seven species and comprising individuals of both sexes and of different ontogenetic stages was studied. Stylopodial (humerus and femur) and zeugopodial (ulna and tibia-fibula) bones (n = 1133) were analyzed using multiple quantitative analyses of variance (ANOVA, MANOVA), ordination (PCA, DA) and regression (RMA, OLS, equality of slopes), as well as bone labeling techniques and detailed qualitative descriptions of their midshaft bone histology. Chapter 3 shows that the specialized phenotype of the only scratch-digger bathyergid Bathyergus suillus underwent considerable morphological changes during ontogeny, e.g. juveniles showed externally more robust bones with thin cortical walls, whereas adults presented slender bones with significantly thicker cross-sections. Such changes are probably related to the increased digging demands and agonistic behaviors of the developing young. However, other aspects of their anatomy expressed perinatally, such as greater external epicondylar robustness, well-developed olecranon, teres major and deltoid processes, suggest a major role of genetic factors in their development. This chapter applied for first time the conceptualization of developmental modules to long bones, and showed that the periosteal module had higher variability and tended to grow faster than the endochondral module. Chapter 4 analyzed the morphological diversity within Bathyergidae using comparative anatomy and morpho-functional indices and showed that most species shared a highly specialized fossorial morphology and that only the naked mole-rats were morphologically divergent (having a simplified phenotype), resembling the condition of non-fossorial closest relatives of the Bathyergidae. Nevertheless, the novel inclusion of three ecomorphological categories (solitary scratch-diggers, solitary chisel-tooth diggers and social chisel-tooth diggers) in this study, showed significant differences among the groups. In general, social species appeared to have a phenotype more specialized to increase digging ability and locomotor performance, whereas solitary species showed a relatively less specialized fossorial phenotype, and a diminished locomotor ability. This may contribute to foraging strategies in social species which are known to have more complex and relatively longer burrow systems as compared to solitary species. Chapter 5 assesses the ossification patterns of the endochondral and periosteal modules, and shows that in general most bathyergids have relatively similar endochondral growth rates, irrespective of social behavior or digging strategy, although the periosteal module showed relatively higher growth rates and a higher degree of variation as compared to the endochondral module, thus appearing to be considerably less dependent on body size and genetic factors. Naked mole-rats showed the lowest growth rates among bathyergids. Considering the basal phylogenetic position of H. glaber within the family, a neotenic condition is suggested for this species, and suggests accelerated bone growth rates for the evolution of the other bathyergids. Chapter 6 provides a comprehensive description of the pattern of bone modelling in bathyergids and includes an assessment of their bone dynamics using fluorochrome labeling. All bathyergids analyzed showed increased cortical bone thickening during ontogeny, as well as low rates of endosteal bone resorption. Also, all species showed high histodiversity, limited remodeling (i.e. development of secondary osteons) and they do not ever develop Haversian bone tissues. This thesis concludes that the combination of social strategy and type of excavation had an impact on the evolution of the bathyergid appendicular system. On one hand, it was evidenced that the development of fore- and hindlimbs are not constrained by intrinsic factors (as suggested for other mammals), and that the limbs develop at similar growth rates, resulting in relatively symmetrical limb proportions. This is suggested to improve locomotion within burrows and represents an adaptation to the subterranean lifestyle, which is also observed in other fossorial mammals. This thesis further discusses how environmental factors and specific behaviors and locomotor modes, may represent strong selective pressures on limb adaptation and evolution. Similarly, a proximo-distal pattern of variation was observed, where zeugopodial elements were more variable than stylopodial elements, probably because they are in direct interaction with the substrate, so they can evolve morphological adaptations for particular habitats and locomotor behaviors. Importantly, these adaptations are most likely mediated by heterochronic modifications of their ossification modules, especially intramembranous ossification, which is known to be more responsive to environmental factors, whilst the endochondral modules would be more conservative, perhaps because a stronger genetic regulation in postnatal life. Further research on long bone modules is necessary to understand the specificity of such changes. Despite the comparatively simplified phenotype of H. glaber, they showed a larger morphospace as compared to other bathyergids, indicating a wider intraspecific variability. This agrees with previous observations suggesting skeletal plasticity for this species. It is suggested that living in large colonies results in diminished selective pressures for limb specialization but has an impact on increasing trait variability within members of the colony. This study showed that the integration of multiscale techniques and multivariate analysis of combined skeletal phenotypes (i.e. forelimb + hindlimb) offer a better understanding of adaptations to the hypogeous environment. The findings of this study also highlight the importance of considering developmental modularity of long bones for assessment of bone adaptations, particularly for understanding the differential effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating endochondral and intramembranous ossification.
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Saxena, Anita. "Histological techniques for estimating age at death from human bone : an Indian case study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363129.
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Jacobsen, Karen Ann. "Microenvironmental organization of B lymphopoiesis in mouse bone marrow : in vivo localisation of B lymphocyte precursors, molecular-interactions with stromal reticular cells, and macrophage-mediated deletion of apoptotic forms." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41346.
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The localisation of B lymphocyte precursor cells in mouse bone marrow and their associations with stromal reticular cells and macrophages have been investigated by in vivo radioimmunolabeling combined with light and electron microscope radioautography. Many early B lineage cells expressing the B220 glycoprotein prior to the expression of surface immunoglobulin and those regenerating after sub-lethal $ gamma$-irradiation, were located in bone-associated regions of femoral marrow. Labeled B220$ sp*$ lymphoid cells of undifferentiated morphology were closely associated with complex cytoplasmic processes of stromal reticular cells. The binding of a monoclonal antibody raised against a B lymphocyte-supportive stromal cell line (mAb KMI6), was highly restricted to the interface between stromal cells and undifferentiated lymphoid cells. The VCAM-1 specific mAb M/K-2, labeled electron-dense stromal cells that contacted lymphoid cells and a variety of other hemopoietic cell lineages. Within the bone marrow of normal mice there was evidence of death of B220$ sp+$ B lineage cells by apoptosis and their removal by macrophages. Cell loss, apoptosis and macrophage deletion of B precursor cells were greatly enhanced in E$ mu$-myc transgenic mice. The results reveal a complex in vivo microenvironmental organisation of B lymphocytopoiesis characterised by intimate interactions with stromal reticular cells and macrophages which regulate the development of precursor B cells and determine the ultimate output of B lymphocytes from the bone marrow.
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Afzal, Faiza. "The role of nitric oxide in the control of osteoblast metabolism and maintenance of bone integrity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271576.
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Kasturiarachi, Courtney M. "An Introductory Analysis of Wolff's Law: The Genetic Influence on Bone Morphology." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1587931597177472.
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Le, Corroller Thomas. "Altérations de la structure osseuse de l'extrémité proximale du fémur : Analyse en imagerie médicale, étude biomécanique, et application à la prédiction du risque fracturaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4010.
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La fracture ostéoporotique du col fémoral et la coxarthrose constituent aujourd'hui deux enjeux majeurs de santé publique chez les sujets âgés. L'ostéoporose est définie par une diminution de la masse osseuse et une altération de la structure osseuse. La coxarthrose d'autre part associe la perte progressive du cartilage d'encroûtement articulaire, une sclérose osseuse sous-chondrale, des géodes sous-chondrales, et des ostéophytes marginaux. Bien qu'une masse osseuse élevée semble prédisposer à l'arthrose, les relations métaboliques et biomécaniques entre ostéoporose et coxarthrose sont complexes. L'évaluation de l'architecture osseuse de l'extrémité proximale du fémur est un des enjeux majeurs de recherche actuels visant à la caractérisation des modifications du tissu osseux liées au vieillissement. Notre travail de thèse s'est inscrit dans un projet pluridisciplinaire de recherche sur les altérations de la structure osseuse de l'extrémité proximale du fémur, reposant sur une analyse en imagerie médicale et une étude biomécanique de cette région anatomique fondamentaleFracture of the proximal femur and hip osteoarthritis are nowadays a major public health problem in elderly persons. The current definition of osteoporosis is a low bone mass associated with microarchitecture deterioration. On the other hand, osteoarthritis corresponds to progressive articular cartilage loss, subchondral bone sclerosis, subchondral bone cysts, and marginal osteophytes. Although a higher bone mass may increase the risk of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and hip osteoarthritis present a complex metabolic and biomechanical relationship. The proximal femur architectural evaluation and characterization of age-related osseous alterations are currently one of the main challenges in bone and mineral research. Our work was based on a multidisciplinary project which aimed at evaluating the age-related structural deterioration of the proximal femur using medical imaging and biomechanical testing in this crucial anatomical region
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Mudde, Aart Hendrik. "Effects of subclinical hyperthyroidism on bone and heart." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5940.
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Dalvi, Rupin. "Novel approaches for multi-modal imaging and fusion in orthopaedic research for analysis of bone and joint anatomy and motion." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15857.
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Faced with an increasingly aging and overweight population, our modern societies, particularly in the west, are set to witness a steep rise in various orthopaedic health problems in the coming decades, especially joint diseases such as arthritis. Better understanding of the way bones of the joints work is thus imperative for studying the nature and effects of these diseases and for finding cures. The data obtained from conventional sources such as skin markers and x-ray/fluoroscopy scans are generally useful but quite limited in terms of accuracy, quantification abilities and three-dimensional visualization potential. The continuous increase in the quality and versatility of various modern imaging modalities is enabling many new means for enhanced visualization and analysis of motion data of the joints. In this thesis we make use of ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to facilitate robust, accurate and efficient analysis of the bones of joints in motion. We achieve this by obtaining motion data using 3D US with high temporal resolution which is then fused with a high spatial resolution, but static MRI volume of the same region (we mostly focus on the knee joint area). Our contributions include novel ways for improved segmentation and localization of the bones from image data. In particular, a highly effective method for improving bone segmentation in MRI volumes by enhancing the contrast at the bone-cartilage interface is proposed. Our contribution also focuses on robust and accurate registration of image data. To achieve this, a new method for stitching US bone volumes is proposed for generating larger fields of view. Further, we also present a novel method for US-MRI bone surface registration. The tools developed during the course of this thesis facilitate orthopaedic research efforts aiming to improving our understanding of the workings of the joints. The tools and methodologies proposed are versatile and expected to be applicable to other applications.
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McGurk, Ross James. "Variation of image counts with patient anatomy and development of a Monte Carlo simulation system for whole-body bone scans." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1586.
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The optimisation of image quality in medical imaging techniques is a significant factor in favourable patient prognoses. The number of counts in a nuclear medicine image is one factor in determining the diagnostic value of the image. The current study aims to determine the variation in counts in whole-body bone scan images with patient height and weight. Three separate studies were undertaken as part of the investigation. First, 65 whole-body bone scans were analysed together with patient height, weight, age and sex. Weight was found to the most important anatomy influence on image counts. However, significant influences from patient sex and age meant that a useful relationship between image counts and patient anatomy based solely on height and weight could not be determined. For the second study, a model of General Electric Millennium MG gamma camera was created and validated within the SIMIND Monte Carlo software. The results indicate that the model is an accurate representation of the gamma camera. Third, the 4D NCAT whole-body patient phantom was modified to represent the average male and female clinical study participants. The phantoms were used in conjunction with the gamma camera model to simulate the whole-body bone scan procedure. The counts in the simulated images were consistent with the average measured counts of the clinical study indicating that it is feasible to use the NCAT phantom for nuclear medicine bone imaging. However, the phantom’s method of activity distribution should be refined to allow a more realistic distribution of activity throughout the skeleton.
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Lejtenyi, Duncan. "Natural killer cells and B lymphocytes in L-selectin and CD18 knock out mice : marker-dependent but not lineage-dependent changes in the spleen and bone marrow." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81355.
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Lymphocyte homing to the lymph nodes is a well defined process, dependent on the proper function of the homing receptors LFA-1 (one of the CD18 family of integrins) and L-selectin. However, the mechanism used by lymphocytes to accumulate in the spleen is still not understood. Both B lymphocytes and Natural Killer cells are prominent in the spleen. To investigate whether CD18 integrins or L-selectin play a role in B lymphocyte and NK cell homing to the spleen, mice genetically deficient in either of these molecules were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results of this study demonstrate that neither B lymphocytes nor NK cells require the CD18 family of integrins or L-selectin for entry into the spleen. Results of this study also showed that neither cell lineage required the CD18 integrins or L-selectin for egress from their sites of birth in the bone marrow.
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Warnock, Sarah M. "Cortical Bone Mechanics Technology (CBMT) and Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Sensitivity to Bone Collagen Degradation in Human Ulna Bone." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1556305540256918.
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Rico, Vargas Sergio Arturo. "Regulation and dysregulation of B lymphopoiesis in mouse bone marrow: in vivo role of macrophage activation (pristane-treatment and malaria-infection), c-myc, c-kit, and immunoglobulin genes." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41340.
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To examine factors influencing normal and disordered genesis of the B lymphocyte lineage in mouse bone marrow, precursor B cell dynamics have been analysed in conditions predisposing to B cell neoplasias and deficiencies. Double immunofluorescence labeling and stathmokinetic techniques have been used to quantitate the population size and mitotic activity of pro-B cells before $ mu$ chain expression, pre-B cells expressing cytoplasmic $ mu$ chains, and B lymphocytes expressing surface IgM. Two conditions associated with prolonged macrophage activation and B cell neoplasia, pristane oil-treatment and malaria infection, have been found to stimulate the proliferation of pro-B cells but to produce increased cell loss at later cell differentiation stages, suggesting that the stimulation of cells undergoing Ig gene rearrangement may predispose to genetic errors leading to cell death or oncogenesis. During a pretumorous period in E$ mu$-myc transgenic mice a marked stimulation of pro-B and pre-B cells is associated with much subsequent cell loss, suggesting that additional mutations are needed to promote B cell survival and the emergence of a tumorigenic clone. Many early precursor B cells express c-kit but their development is not blocked by a neutralizing anti-c-kit antibody in vivo, suggesting that the role of c-kit can be replaced by alternative signalling systems. The introduction of Ig transgenes in scid mutant mice, unable to rearrange endogenous Ig genes, shows that the survival of successive stages in precursor B cell development depends upon the successful progressive expression of the IgM molecule. The work demonstrates that processes influencing both cell proliferation and loss can be critical in regulating the genesis of both normal and potentially neoplastic B cells in the bone marrow.
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Shearwood-Porter, Natalie. "Micromechanical characterisation of fatigue failure in acrylic bone cement." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/365206/.
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Acrylic bone cement has been used for fixation of load-bearing orthopaedic implants for over five decades, and continues to be the 'gold standard' for elderly patients and those with systemic disease. Aseptic loosening remains a major indication for revision of cemented hip implants, and has been associated with mechanical degradation of the cement mantle via the initiation and coalescence of fatigue micro-cracks. Microstructural defects such as voids and agglomerates of radiopacifier particles have been implicated in this damage accumulation process. Improved understanding of the relative effects of these features on the mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation and failure within the cement is required in order to inform the development of more robust cement formulations and thus increase the longevity of the cement mantle in vivo. The present study utilised micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in conjunction with mechanical testing, to provide a systematic, quantitative assessment of the effect of cement formulation and microstructure (including voids and radiopacifiers) on the in vitro fatigue failure of four commercial, vacuum-mixed cement formulations. Results were compared with μ-CT data and fractographic analysis of an ex vivo cement specimen. This novel 'data rich' methodology enabled non-destructive, three-dimensional analysis of defect populations in terms of the size, morphology and spatial density of individual microstructural features, and the identification and characterisation of crack-initiating defects. The inclusion of barium sulphate as a radiopacifier was found to have a negative effect on the fatigue life of cement; radiopacifier particles showed a tendency to form numerous large agglomerates, which readily initiated fatigue cracks; furthermore, fatigue life scaled consistently with initiating defect size. In contrast, cement containing zirconium dioxide as a radiopacifier demonstrated superior fatigue performance, and failure in these cement formulations was dominated by crack initiation from voids. In all four cement formulations, void populations were found to be bi-modal, and the largest voids (> 0.5 mm equivalent spherical diameter) were surrounded by secondary satellite voids in both in vitro and ex vivo cement specimens. Extensive void formation was also noted in both moulded specimens and cement mixing gun stubs, in addition to ex vivo cement. Optimisation of cement formulations and vacuum-mixing techniques may therefore be advantageous in order to reduce the formation of barium sulphate agglomerates and large voids, and thus minimise their potential crack initiation effects in vivo.
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Pinto, Deborrah C. "Variability in the Spine: A Histomorphometric Analysis of Spinous Processes from the Posterior Vertebral Arch." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1238092506.
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Pereira, Marcos Alexandre da Franca. "Descompressão dos segmentos timpânico e labiríntico do nervo facial via fossa craniana média." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-02052016-090526/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: A paralisia facial periférica caracteriza-se pela interrupção, definitiva ou temporária, do funcionamento da musculatura facial. Decorre de lesão ou mau funcionamento das fibras do nervo facial. É uma enfermidade que causa enorme impacto estético e funcional. O topodiagnóstico e o tratamento da paralisia facial periférica pode requer abordagem médica e fonoaudiológica; ser exclusivamente medicamentoso ou associado à terapia de reabilitação, ou ainda, medicamentoso e cirúrgico, seguido da reabilitação da mímica facial. A via FCM tem sido usada para a descompressão do NF quando a audição precisa ser preservada. Esse acesso pode ser realizado de forma isolada, ou combinado à via transmastóidea. Objetivo: Descrever uma técnica inovadora para a descompressão do nervo facial via fossa craniana média que permite a exposição direta dos segmentos labiríntico e timpânico do nervo facial, com a preservação da função da orelha interna. Métodos: Vinte cabeças extraídas de cadáveres adultos de ambos os gêneros, sem sinais de malformação, traumatismo, doença ou manipulação cirúrgica prévia foram usados neste estudo. Os pontos de referência utilizados foram a artéria meníngea média, o nevo petroso superficial maior, a eminência arqueada, o seio petroso superior, e o plano meatal seguido no ápice petroso a partir da sua porção mais anterior e medial. Foi feita a dissecação do plano meatal, com visualização do meato acústico interno, seguido no ápice petroso a partir da sua porção mais anterior e medial até a região do gânglio geniculado. Foi aberto o tégmen timpânico e identificada a porção timpânica do nervo facial. A dissecação seguiu no sentido retrógrado da porção timpânica do nervo facial em direção ao gânglio geniculado, até a sua porção labiríntica. A aracnoide do meato acústico interno era aberta, e depois de identificado o nervo facial, a bainha deste nervo era aberta em extensão exposta. Resultados: As distâncias médias, entre o canal semicircular lateral e a porção média do cabo do martelo eram similares em ambos os lados (4,0mm±0,5mm). As distâncias médias, da porção timpânica do nervo facial até metade do cabo do martelo foram determinadas e resultaram em 2,0mm ± 0,44mm, e em 2,2mm ± 0,48mm para os lados direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. O segmento timpânico do nervo facial apresentou, em média, comprimento total de 11mm ± 0,67mm para o lado direito, e 11,5mm±0,60mm para o esquerdo. Os comprimentos longitudinais da janela óssea confeccionada no tégmen timpânico foram, em média, 16,8mm±1,67mm para o lado direito, e 16,8mm ± 1,20mm para o lado esquerdo. Já os comprimentos transversais da janela óssea confeccionada no tégmen timpânico foram, em média, 5,5mm ± 1,20mm e 5,0mm ± 1,75mm para os lados direito e esquerdo, respectivamente. O valor médio da área elíptica formada pelos comprimentos longitudinal e transversal da janela óssea confeccionada no tégmen timpânico foram 72,5mm2 ± 22,5mm2 à direita, e 65,9mm2 ± 30,3mm2 à esquerda. Conclusão: A técnica proposta pode ser utilizada para a cirurgia de descompressão do nervo facial via fossa craniana média, pois permite acesso aos segmentos timpânico, labiríntico e metal desse nervo, sem impor risco à audição. Pela possibilidade de acessar a porção timpânica do nervo, sem a necessidade da abertura da mastoide, o procedimento permite que se reduza o tempo cirúrgico e os riscos aos pacientesBackground: Peripheral facial palsy is characterized by the permanent or temporary interruption of the functioning of the facial muscles. The middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach has been used for the decompression of the facial nerve (FN) when hearing needs to be preserved. In this work, we describe an innovative technique for the decompression of the FN through the MCF approach that allows the direct exposure of the labyrinthine and entire tympanic segment of the FN, with the preservation of inner ear function. Methods: Twenty cadavers heads were used in this study. The reference landmarks used were the middle meningeal artery, the greater superficial petrosal nerve, the arcuate eminence, the inferior petrosal sinus and the meatal plane following the petrous apex from its most anterior and medial portion. Results: The tympanic segment of the FN presented, on average, a total length of 11 ± 0.67mm to the right, and 11.5 ± 0.60mm to the left. The longitudinal lengths of bone window in the tegmen tympani were 16.8±1.67mm to the right, and 16.8 ± 1.20mm to the left. The cross-sectional lengths of the bone window in the tegmen tympani were 5.5 ± 1.20mm and 5.0±1.75mm to the right and left sides, respectively. The average value of elliptical area formed by the longitudinal and transversal lengths of the bone window made in the tegmen tympani were 72.5 ± 22.5mm2 to the right, and 65.9 ± 30.3mm2 to the left. Conclusion: The proposed technique can be used for the surgical decompression of the tympanic, labyrinthine and meatal segments of the FN through the MCF, without imposing a risk to hearing, in addition to reducing the surgical time and the risk to patients
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Moore, Kathleen Annikki. "The effect of dietary salt on bone in a genetically-defined rat underloading/overloading model." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/989.
Full textAbstract:
One the most serious health hazards of aging and of long term space flight is the loss of bone. The most important determinant of the debilitation due to bone loss is the peak bone mass achieved during late adolescence, which itself may be influenced by gender and environmental factors such as mineral balance. Sodium intake is considered a risk factor for both hypertension and osteoporosis. It is estimated that 30-60% of the population is hypertensive and 30-40% of the population is salt sensitive. The primary purpose of the present studies was to both delineate and combine the effects between salt
intake and salt sensitive hypertensive genotype on bone. Our hypothesis was that hypertensive rats would have more severely affected bone than normotensive rats due to
salt supplementation and/or genotype. In addition, how these effects might be altered by
immobilization/overloading stress was examined as this further burdens NASA space
pioneers. This study investigated the possible effects of an ad libidum 1% or 2% saline
instead of water on the normotensive (W) and salt sensitive hypertensive (SS) young
female rats. A total of 46 weight-matched female rats (7 weeks old) were used. Treated
rats in the 1% study drank 1% saline ad libitum for a 42 day salt supplementation period,
beginning at day 7 (after arrival) to day 49. Treated rats in the 2% study drank 2% saline
ad libitum for a 42 day salt supplementation period, beginning at day 7 (after arrival) to
day 49. The right hindlimb of each animal was immobilized by binding to the abdomen
with 4 layers of elastic bandage tape, the hip joint in flexion and the knee and ankle joint in extension for the 42 day salt experimental period. Body weight and urine volume was
measured biweekly. Food and fluid intake was monitored daily. After sacrifice, three
sites (both the underloaded and the overloaded tibiae, as well as the L-2 vertebrae) were
processed for histomorphometric analysis. The wet weight (g) and length (mm) of the
excised right immobilized and left overloaded femur and the ulna were measured. A 3-point bending test was applied to femurs only. Immediately after the femur breaking strength measurements, bone was cut transversely, one mm from breaking point (fracture
location), and a 1.0 mm cross-section was cut for morphological measurement. In
addition, a 5 mm high cylinder section from each femur was cut and used for bone
composition measurements along with the right ulna bone. A number of elements were
analyzed at one time with Induced Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectrometry. The systolic
blood pressure and heart rate were measured in the 6th week of study by the tail-cuff
sphygmomanometer method. A more robust result was seen with increased concentration of saline treatment from a 1% saline threshold level, to the 2% saline level. Using two-way ANOVA, both hypertensive genotype and 2% saline treatment significantly increased blood pressure and heart rate, and decreased femur magnesium. The SS rat had significant reductions in bone mass, femur cross-sectional area and zinc concentrations with simultaneous elevations in femur stiffness, strength and calcium concentrations. Two percent saline treatment markedly increased both blood pressure and heart rate and decreased both femurs magnesium and cancellous bone in the weight-bearing tibia bone. After 6 weeks of immobilization (to simulate space weightlessness), reductions in cancellous tibia bone volume, with elevations in femur bone stiffness, mineral concentration (calcium and phosphorus) and in trace elements (zinc and manganese) were found in the underloaded femur. Our findings suggest genotype, and saline treatment, and immobilization adversely affect bone in adolescent female rats. In addition, the deleterious bone effects are site specific, affecting each site differently.
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Edwards, Mark H. "Understanding the early life and adult determinants of bone microarchitecture using participants of the Hertfordshire Cohort Study." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375259/.
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Crowe, Nicole M. Crowe. "Histomorphometric Analysis of Elderly Ribs at Various Locations." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1503304250839703.
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Gambari, Laura <1985>. "Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Based Therapeutics for Bone Diseases: Translating Physiology to Treatments." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7535/.
Full textAbstract:
Much progress has been made in the past decade in elucidating the physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological role of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S). Recently a function of H2S virtually in every tissue of the human organism has emerged. However, the H2S-mediated regulation of bone homeostasis has been scarcely investigated. Despite a recent increased interest in the field, many fundamental issues remain indeterminate. The main objective of this study was to increase the basic knowledge on the role of H2S in bone through in vitro and in vivo studies and develop novel therapeutic strategies for bone diseases. Ex vivo experiments revealed that H2S-generating enzymes (Cystathionine-β-synthase, CBS; Cystathionine-γ-lyase, CSE) are expressed in human bone tissues and human bone-derived cells. In vitro experiments evidenced that CBS and CSE expression is a distinctive feature of the transition of mesenchymal stromal cells (h-MSCs) toward mature osteoblast. Furthermore, loss of function experiments on CBS and CSE during osteogenic differentiation of h-MSCs revealed an impaired mineralization ability. In vivo experiments in mice highlighted the role of CBS, CSE and H2S in the maintenance of bone homeostasis and CBS, CSE and H2S were found to be depleted in post-menopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, our in vitro and in vivo data validated the use of H2S-donors as novel potential candidates for the treatment of bone pathologies. In particular H2S administration prevented and reversed ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice. Based on these evidences, we firstly developed an H2S-releasing hybrid drug (DM-22) by modifying a clinically relevant anti-resorptive drug in order to improve the therapy of bone loss. DM-22 displayed improved biological properties compared to the parent drug; in particular, it increased the osteogenic differentiation ability of h-MSCs. Secondly, we developed an H2S-releasing scaffold to improve bone regeneration which was permissive for h-MSCs colonization and supported their osteogenic differentiation.
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Abrassart, Sophie. "Anatomie de l'épaule : implications en chirurgie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA113002.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse s’est d’abord voulue pratique. La chirurgie de l’épaule est en pleine expansion avec le vieillissement croissant de la population et la pratique de plus en plus généralisée du sport. L’épaule est une articulation complexe. Paradoxalement les progrès techniques en chirurgie sont sans cesse grandissants et renouvelés tandis que l’on tientpour acquis des données anatomiques démontrées il y a longtemps et rapportées jusqu’à nos jours. Nous avons voulu confronter l’anatomie avec les techniques diagnostiques actuelles et voir si cela pouvait avoir un impact sur les pratiques chirurgicales. Nous avons également voulu voir si certaines complications chirurgicales pouvaient s’expliquer par des données anatomiques. Ce qui a orienté nos recherches sont les principaux problèmes actuels en pathologie de l’épaule c’est-à-dire la coiffe des rotateurs et le syndrome sous-acromial. Les observations lors des nombreuses dissections de l’épaule nous ont conduit à ces réflexions : comment la glène est-elle vascularisée?, pourquoi est-elle si fragile?, que se passe-t- il dans l’espace sous acromial?, quelle est l’utilité du ligament coraco-acromial?, quels sont ses rapports avec lesuprapinatus?, pourquoi l’insertion du supraspinatus est-elle fragile et difficile à reconstituer ?, la qualité osseuse de la tête humérale a-t-elle un impact sur la géographie des fractures, les échecs des ostéosynthèses, les descellements prothétiques?, qu’est ce que la chape delto-trapézoidienne? Autant de questions que nous nous sommes posées endisséquant cette articulation très complexe qui est l’épaule. Par ailleurs, l’anatomie classique peut maintenant secompléter non seulement de l’histologie, mais aussi de techniques radiologiques modernes comme l’IRM l, le microCT, le synchrotron, la reconstruction 3D, la modélisation en éléments finisI would like to make a practical thesis. Shoulder surgery is growing and growing as the population is ageing and people is doing more and more sports activities. A lot of technical progress were done but there are still a lot of surgical complications. On the other way some very old anatomical ideas are still alive. I want to see with the actual knowledge, if some surgical complications could be explained by anatomy. Subacromial pathology and bone quality remain the two mainproblems of shoulder surgery and pathology. That’s what had suggested to me this study about the shoulder. I was supposed to analyze glenoid bone first .The aim was to know more about arterial supply of glenoid. That was my firststudy (article 1). Then, I was interested in glenoid bone quality. And the second study had appeared. (article 2). During the shoulder dissection, I was looking for the fascia delto-trapezoidal which I didn’t found as described in books. It was my third study. (article 3). Going on I found the coraco-acromial ligament and I was surprised to see the constant portion under the acromial process. And that gave me the idea for the fourth study. (article 4).As I had discovered the very interesting technique of micro-Ct densitometry, I would like to apply it to the humeral head bone. There was the fifth study. (article 5)But, I want to know more and more about bone quality and I went on with the greater tuberosity and especially the area ofsupraspinatus insertion. The insertion and the sub-chondral bone were analyzed. There’s the last but not least study!(article 6). I was really interested in supraspinatus muscle and tendon and I want to follow the course of the muscle as the zone of conflict. I was the subject of study in life as I went through RMI . The muscle was reconstructed as finite element. Then it was possible to describe the zone of conflict with the supraspinatus. Here’s the seventh article. (article 7)
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Martins, Leandro Luís [UNESP]. "Anatomia macroscópica e ultraestrutural da orelha da paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104002.
Full textAbstract:
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martins_ll_dr_jabo.pdf: 770773 bytes, checksum: 439f3de49eb2e86b5147df5ebb2b08f2 (MD5)A paca (Cuniculus paca), um dos maiores roedores da fauna brasileira, possui características inerentes à sua espécie que podem contribuir como uma nova opção de animal experimental; assim, considerando-se que há crescente busca por modelos experimentais apropriados para audiologia e pesquisa otológica cirurgica, foram analisados e descritos em detalhes a anatomia macroscópica e ultraestrutural da orelha desse roedor. Para o estudo, utilizaram-se 15 animais adultos provenientes do plantel do Setor de Animais Silvestres da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinarias, UNESP- Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal-SP. Após anestesia e eutanásia, avaliou-se toda a composição da orelha externa, registrando-se e descrevendo-se os detalhes, também se dissecou a região temporal para melhor visibilização e detalhamento da bula timpânica e estas foram removidas e abertas a fim de expor as estruturas da orelha, média e interna as quais foram analisadas, macroscopicamente e ultraestruturalmente. O pavilhão auricular apresenta forma triangular e côncava com cristas irregulares e ápice pontiagudo; o conduto auditivo externo é sinuoso em seu trajeto até a membrana timpânica; a bula timpânica encontra-se na parte posterior-inferior do crânio; a orelha média é formada por uma região cavitária preenchida por estruturas ósseas e membranosas. É delimitada pela membrana timpânica e as janelas redonda e oval, sendo a membrana timpânica de forma plana e que veda todo o conduto auditivo. A orelha interna é composta pelo labirinto ósseo e pelo labirinto membranáceo e é dividida em labirintos anterior, constituído pela cóclea e labirinto posterior constituído pelo vestíbulo e ductos semicirculares. A porção membranosa que contém a endolinfa e a perilinfa está suspensa no labirinto ósseo. A anatomia da orelha da paca...
The paca (Cuniculus paca), one of the largest rodents of the Brazilian fauna, has inherent characteristics of its specie that can contribute as a new option for experimental animal, thus considering that there is a growing demand for suitable experimental models for audiological and otological surgical research, the gross anatomy and ultrastructural ear of this rodent have been analyzed and described in detail. Fifteen adult animals from the Wild Animals Sector herd of the Faculdade de ciências agrárias e veterinarias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, were used in this study. After anesthesia and euthanasia, we evaluated the entire composition of the external ear, registering and describing the details, the temporal region are often dissected for a better view and detailing of the tympanic bulla which were removed and opened to expose the middle and inner ear structures, which were analyzed macroscopically and ultrastructurally. The ear pinna has a triangular and concave shape with irregular ridges and sharp apex, the external auditory canal is winding in his path to the tympanic membrane, the tympanic bulla is on the back-bottom of the skull, the middle ear is formed by a cavity region filled with bone and membranous structures bounded by the tympanic membrane and the oval and round windows. The tympanic membrane is flat and seals the ear canal. The inner ear consists of the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth and is divided into anterior, consisting of the cochlea and the posterior labyrinth consists of the vestibule and semicircular ducts. The membranous portion that contains endolymph and perilymph is suspended in the bony labyrinth. The anatomy of the paca ear is similar to the guinea pig and from the viewpoint... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Martins, Leandro Luís. "Anatomia macroscópica e ultraestrutural da orelha da paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus, 1766) /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104002.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Márcia Rita Fernandes MachadoCoorientador: Miguel Angelo Hyppolito
Banca: Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara
Banca: Maria Rita Pacheco
Banca: Fabrício Singaretti de Oliveira
Banca: Flávia Thomaz Verechia Pereira
Resumo: A paca (Cuniculus paca), um dos maiores roedores da fauna brasileira, possui características inerentes à sua espécie que podem contribuir como uma nova opção de animal experimental; assim, considerando-se que há crescente busca por modelos experimentais apropriados para audiologia e pesquisa otológica cirurgica, foram analisados e descritos em detalhes a anatomia macroscópica e ultraestrutural da orelha desse roedor. Para o estudo, utilizaram-se 15 animais adultos provenientes do plantel do Setor de Animais Silvestres da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinarias, UNESP- Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal-SP. Após anestesia e eutanásia, avaliou-se toda a composição da orelha externa, registrando-se e descrevendo-se os detalhes, também se dissecou a região temporal para melhor visibilização e detalhamento da bula timpânica e estas foram removidas e abertas a fim de expor as estruturas da orelha, média e interna as quais foram analisadas, macroscopicamente e ultraestruturalmente. O pavilhão auricular apresenta forma triangular e côncava com cristas irregulares e ápice pontiagudo; o conduto auditivo externo é sinuoso em seu trajeto até a membrana timpânica; a bula timpânica encontra-se na parte posterior-inferior do crânio; a orelha média é formada por uma região cavitária preenchida por estruturas ósseas e membranosas. É delimitada pela membrana timpânica e as janelas redonda e oval, sendo a membrana timpânica de forma plana e que veda todo o conduto auditivo. A orelha interna é composta pelo labirinto ósseo e pelo labirinto membranáceo e é dividida em labirintos anterior, constituído pela cóclea e labirinto posterior constituído pelo vestíbulo e ductos semicirculares. A porção membranosa que contém a endolinfa e a perilinfa está suspensa no labirinto ósseo. A anatomia da orelha da paca... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The paca (Cuniculus paca), one of the largest rodents of the Brazilian fauna, has inherent characteristics of its specie that can contribute as a new option for experimental animal, thus considering that there is a growing demand for suitable experimental models for audiological and otological surgical research, the gross anatomy and ultrastructural ear of this rodent have been analyzed and described in detail. Fifteen adult animals from the Wild Animals Sector herd of the Faculdade de ciências agrárias e veterinarias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, were used in this study. After anesthesia and euthanasia, we evaluated the entire composition of the external ear, registering and describing the details, the temporal region are often dissected for a better view and detailing of the tympanic bulla which were removed and opened to expose the middle and inner ear structures, which were analyzed macroscopically and ultrastructurally. The ear pinna has a triangular and concave shape with irregular ridges and sharp apex, the external auditory canal is winding in his path to the tympanic membrane, the tympanic bulla is on the back-bottom of the skull, the middle ear is formed by a cavity region filled with bone and membranous structures bounded by the tympanic membrane and the oval and round windows. The tympanic membrane is flat and seals the ear canal. The inner ear consists of the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth and is divided into anterior, consisting of the cochlea and the posterior labyrinth consists of the vestibule and semicircular ducts. The membranous portion that contains endolymph and perilymph is suspended in the bony labyrinth. The anatomy of the paca ear is similar to the guinea pig and from the viewpoint... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Burger, Nicolaas Daniel Lombard. "Failure analysis of ultra-high molecular weight polyethyelene acetabular cups." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12142006-134036.
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Fonseca, Tatiana de Lourdes. "Interação do sistema nervoso simpático com o hormônio tireoideano na regulação da massa e metabolismo ósseos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42131/tde-25092009-162113/.
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Sabe-se que a ativação do Sistema Nervoso Simpático (SNS) induz osteopenia via adrenoceptores b2 (b2-AR). Para investigar se o hormônio tireoideano (HT) interage com o SNS para regular a massa óssea, estudamos o efeito do HT em associação com isoproterenol ou propranolol (agonista e antagonista b-adrenérgicos) e avaliamos o efeito do HT em camundongos com elevado tônus simpático, devido à dupla inativação gênica do a2A-AR e a2C-AR (a2A/a2C-AR-/-), autorreceptores que inibem a liberação de noradrenalina. Vimos que esses animais apresentam um fenótipo de alta massa óssea, apesar do elevado tônus simpático e de intacta sinalização b2-adrenérgica, sugerindo que o a2A-AR e/ou a2C-AR, além do b2-AR, possam mediar ações do SNS no osso. O propranolol limitou e o isoproterenol acentuou os efeitos deletérios do HT no esqueleto, já os animais a2A/a2C-AR-/- apresentaram resistência à osteopenia induzida pela tireotoxicose, o que sugere que há interação entre SNS e o HT para regular a massa óssea, e que esta depende tanto do b2-AR como do a2A- e/ou a2C-AR.It is known that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation induces ostepenia, via b2-adrenoceptors (b2AR). To investigate if thyroid hormone (TH) interacts with the SNS to regulate bone mass, we studied the effect of TH in association with isoproterenol or propranolol (b-adrenergic agonist and antagonist) and evaluated the effect of TH in mice with a chronic elevated sympathetic tone, due to double disruption of a2A-AR and a2C-AR (a2a/a2c-AR-/-), autoreceptors that inhibit noradrenalin release. We showed that KO mice present a high bone mass phenotype in spite of an elevated sympathetic tone and of intact b2-adrenergic signaling, which suggests that a2A- and/or a2C-AR, besides b2-AR, may also mediate the SNS actions in the bone. Propranolol limited and isoproterenol accentuated the deleterious effects of TH in the skeleton, while a2A/a2C-AR-/- mice presented resistance to the T3-induced osteopenia, which suggest that there is an interaction between the SNS and TH to regulate bone mass, and that it is dependent on b2-AR and a2A-AR and/or a2C-AR signaling.
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Dominguez, Victoria Maria. "Defining Bone Quality: Cortical Microdamage and Its Contribution to Fracture Risk in the Human Rib." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1522509251628635.
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Oliveira, Matheus Lima de 1984. "Influence of anatomical location and FOV size on cone-beam computed tomography gray values = Análise da influência da localização anatômica e tamanho do FOV nos valores de cinza em imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289200.
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Orientador: Guilherme Monteiro TosoniTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da região anatômica e do tamanho do FOV (field of view) nos valores de cinza em imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Soluções homogêneas de fosfato de potássio dibásico (K2HPO4) foram preparadas em sete diferentes concentrações e armazenadas separadamente em tubos de polipropileno. Um phantom de uma cabeça humana teve seis dentes extraídos - um incisivo central um primeiro prémolar e um primeiro molar da maxila e da mandíbula - e substituídos por esses tubos, que foram escaneados separadamente pelos aparelhos NewTom 3G, NewTom 5G e 3D Accuitomo 170, sob diferentes tamanhos de FOV. Em cortes axiais, valores médios de cinza foram obtidos em cinco níveis diferentes dentro de cada tubo de polipropileno e a média foi calculada. Para cada aparelho, análise de regressão linear avaliou a relação entre os valores médios de cinza e a concentração de K2HPO4 em seis regiões anatômicas, sob os diferentes FOVs. Coeficiente de determinação (R2) foi calculado. Nos três aparelhos, a correlação linear entre os valores de cinza e as concentrações de K2HPO4 variou entre as regiões anatômicas e os tamanhos de FOV (0,93 < R2 < 0,99). Desse modo, pode se concluir que a relação entre os valores de cinza em imagens de TCFC e a densidade do objeto não é uniforme por todo o arco dentário e é influenciada pelo tamanho do FOV nos três aparelhos de TCFC testados. A comparação desses valores obtidos em diferentes regiões anatômicas e com diferentes tamanhos de FOV não é confiável
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of anatomical location and FOV (field of view) size in CBCT numbers. Homogeneous solutions of dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) were prepared at seven different concentrations and stored separately in polypropylene tubes. Six teeth were extracted from a human head phantom - the upper and lower central incisors, first premolars and first molars - and replaced by the tubes, which were scanned separately by NewTom 3G, NewTom 5G and 3D Accuitomo 170 under different FOV sizes. In axial sections, CBCT numbers were obtained at five levels within each polypropylene tube, and the average was calculated. For each CBCT unit, linear regression analysis evaluated the relationship between CBCT numbers and the concentration of K2HPO4 in six anatomical regions, under different FOVs. Coefficient of determination (R2) was calculated. Linear correlation between CBCT numbers and concentrations of K2HPO4 ranged between anatomical regions and FOV sizes (0.93 < R2 <0.99). Thus, it can be concluded that the relationship between CBCT numbers and object density is not uniform throughout the dental arch, and is influenced by the FOV size on the three CBCT units tested in this study. The comparison of CBCT numbers from different anatomical regions and with different FOV sizes is unreliable
Doutorado
Radiologia Odontologica
Doutor em Radiologia Odontológica
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Santos, Fábio Pires. "Avaliação por tomografia computadorizada da correspondência entre a eminência arqueada e o canal semicircular superior." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164380.
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O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a correspondência anatômica entre a eminência arqueada e o canal semicircular superior na superfície da fossa craniana média. Este estudo transversal descritivo foi realizado em um hospital terciário. Setenta e cinco pacientes consecutivos (150 lados), submetidos à tomografia computadorizada de alta resolução dos ossos temporais, foram analisados por dois autores. Para cada exame, a relação anatômica entre a eminência arqueada e o canal semicircular superior foi classificada como coincidente ou não coincidente. Distâncias entre os parâmetros anatômicos de maior utilidade na cirurgia da fossa média e prevalência de deiscência do canal semicircular superior também foram estudadas. A eminência arqueada foi coincidente com o canal semicircular superior em apenas 31.3% dos casos. Não foi possível identificar a eminência arqueada em 33 exames (22.0%). Deiscência do canal semicircular superior foi encontrada em cinco casos (3.3%). Poucos milímetros separaram a cóclea do canal semicircular superior. As medidas secundárias foram caracterizadas por ampla variabilidade. A eminência arqueada não se sobrepõe sistematicamente ao canal semicircular superior e não deve ser usada rotineiramente como uma referência para a localização dessa estrutura.The objective of this study is to evaluate the anatomical coincidence between the arcuate eminence and the superior semicircular canal at the middle cranial fossa surface. This crosssectional descriptive study was performed at a tertiary hospital. Seventy-five consecutive patients (150 sides) who underwent bilateral high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography scans were analyzed by two authors. In each scan, the anatomical relationship between the arcuate eminence and the superior semicircular canal was classified as coincident or non-coincident. Distances between the most applicable anatomical landmarks for middle cranial fossa surgery and the prevalence of superior semicircular canal dehiscence were also studied. The arcuate eminence matched the semicircular canal in only 31.3% of cases. It was impossible to identify the arcuate eminence in 33 scans (22.0%). Semicircular canal dehiscence was found in 5 cases (3.3%). A few millimeters separated the cochea from SSC; secondary measurements were characterized by broad variability. The arcuate eminence does not systematically overlie the superior semicircular canal and should not be routinely used as a reference for reaching this structure in the context of middle fossa surgery.