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Journal articles on the topic 'Bones – Anatomy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Cherepakha, О. L., N. G. Gadzhula, and Т. О. Rekun. "The use of mnemonics for better academic performance of medical university students in the study of anatomical terms." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 25, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2021-25(2)-21.

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Annotation. Mnemonics are a combination of special methods and techniques that make it easier to memorize the necessary information and increase the amount of memory by forming associations. The aim of the work is to develop techniques that will help medical students effectively learn anatomical terms by facilitating the memorization of large amounts of information. In this article, we used the following mnemonic techniques: first letter mnemonics or acronyms and the "Comparison" method - to identify common features in the studied and well-known material, namely the similarity in form. This article includes mnemonics that will help to easily learn the following terms namely the anatomy of the skeleton bones for memorizing the bones of the medial wall of the orbit, the bones in the nasal septum, the wrist bones, the ankle tarsal bones, recognition of thoracic vertebrae from the lumbar, cranial bones, upper limb bones, bones of the lower limb, the vertebral regions, the hand, the arm bones and the bone projections. Also included are mnemonics on the anatomy of the cranial nerves that pass through the superior orbital fissure and branches of the facial nerve, mnemonics on the anatomy of the peripheral nervous system, namely somatic nerve plexuses, which include the brachial plexus branches. Also included are mnemonics on the anatomy of the upper limbs muscles, namely the muscles that form the rotator cuff in the shoulder, muscles involved in elbow flexion and the anterior flexor muscles of the forearm and mnemonics on the anatomy of the trunk muscles, namely the paired erector spinae muscles and abdominal muscles. Finally, this article includes a mnemonic on the anatomy of the male reproductive system, namely the layers of the scrotum. In the future, new mnemonics will be developed that relate to splanchnology, anatomy of the central nervous system, anatomy of the sensory organs and anatomy of the cardiovascular system, which were not listed above.

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Cheung, J., and I. Au-Yong. "Anatomy of the bones of the foot." BMJ 343, dec07 2 (December 7, 2011): d7830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d7830.

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3

Lazovic, Goran D., Rollin K. Daniel, Ljiljana B. Janosevic, Rade M. Kosanovic, Miodrag M. Colic, and Aaron M. Kosins. "Rhinoplasty: The Nasal Bones – Anatomy and Analysis." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 35, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sju050.

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4

Joseph, Mickaël A., and Jansirani Natarajan. "The Carpal and Tarsal Bones of the Human Body: Arabic mnemonics." Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] 20, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.18295/squmj.2020.20.02.014.

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Memorising human anatomy structures remains a challenge for nursing students. Educators endeavour to make human anatomy interesting and easy to memorise. Various instructional approaches can be used to help students enhance their memory. Mnemonics, for example, are well-established educational strategies that have proven useful in the encoding, retention and retrieval of anatomical terms. The carpal and tarsal bones are some of the anatomical structures that prove challenging to nursing students’ study of anatomy. Although available online to students, most of the accessible mnemonics are in English and non-native English-speaking students (students who are native Arabic-speakers) might find them difficult to understand. Therefore, we have created two simple Arabic mnemonics that can simplify the memorisation of the carpal and tarsal bones. We believe that Arabic mnemonics effectively enhance memorisation by linking the new learning material to familiar information.Keywords: Learning; Memory; Anatomy; Nursing; Carpal bones; Tarsal Bones; Oman.

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Roland, Peter S., Charles G. Wright, William L. Meyerhoff, and Bruce Mickey. "Anatomic Considerations in the Posterior Approach to the Internal Auditory Canal." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 97, no. 6 (November 1988): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948809700608.

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We dissected 30 human temporal bones in order to establish a reliable method for avoidance of the membranous labyrinth in acoustic neuroma surgery. We believe that the variability of the surgical landmarks is sufficient to make complete reliance on anatomic measurements quite treacherous. Fine-cut computed tomograms were evaluated, and it was determined that measurements taken from such scans can define the anatomy of individual temporal bones. We conclude that hearing conservation surgery for acoustic neuroma is a relatively difficult surgical exercise and that complete familiarity with the anatomy and use of all available landmarks is required for successful tumor removal and hearing conservation. Success can be improved further by using measurements taken from the individual patient's preoperative CT scan.

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COMPSON, J. P., J. K. WATERMAN, and F. W. HEATLEY. "The Radiological Anatomy of the Scaphoid." Journal of Hand Surgery 22, no. 1 (February 1997): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(97)80005-8.

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The complex shape of the scaphoid and its orientation within the carpus makes the radiological interpretation of scaphoid anatomy difficult. To improve our understanding of how the anatomy appears on plain X-ray, a study was performed using dry cadaver bones. Salient anatomical features were outlined using radiopaque markers, the bones set in wax blocks and the blocks X-rayed in the same axis as six “standard” scaphoid views. The pictures obtained were then compared with clinical X-rays.

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Bello, Abdulrahman, and Yusuf Aisha. "Comparative Osteometric study of some selected bones of local domestic turkey and guinea fowl." Insights in Veterinary Science 5, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 008–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ivs.1001029.

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The research was conducted in the Gross section of Veterinary Anatomy laboratory with the aim of preparation and comparing some skeleton bones of local domestic turkey and guinea fowl. Samples were purchased, sacrifice, feather and excess flesh were removed and boiled using water to produce the bones. The duration of process was recorded. Comparative biometry study was conducted on some selected bones (scapular, coracoid, furcular and tibiotarsus) and the bones were mounted using wooden stand, copper wire, and adhesive gum with the aim of enhancing avian teaching. Based on the processes of the research. It was recommended to use plastic materials in production of skeletal models to avoid deterioration of bones for proper teaching in veterinary anatomy.

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8

Sellevold, Berit J., and Alf Tore Hommedal. "Archaeological Bones – The Anatomy of an Abandoned Churchyard." Norwegian Archaeological Review 41, no. 1 (June 2008): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293650802075513.

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9

Arumughan, Geethu, and Swapna Kumary. "COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON ASTHISANKHYA SHAREERA IN RELATION TO ANATOMY." International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 8, no. 10 (October 18, 2020): 4801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj3608102020.

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Acharya Sushruta explained that the organs of the body destroy after death except Asthi. Importance of Asthi & Sandhi is explained that it supports the human body just as trees are supported by the middle core Sara present inside the trunk. Knowledge of Asthi can be traced back from the Vedas passing chronologi-cally down to Samhitas. Bones are the hard-connective tissue forming the substance of the skeleton of most vertebrates, composed of a collagen rich organic matrix impregnated with calcium, phosphate, and other minerals. Bones protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body and enable mobility. Importance of knowledge of Shareera Sankhya is given in our Samhitas. It explained that the clinician who has knowledge about hu-man body with its all parts with their enumeration never gets distracted. There is different opinion regarding the number of Asthi in different Samhitas. According to Acharya Charaka and Vagbhata 360 bones are present in Shareera. 300 bones are present in the Shareera according to Sushruta. The adult human body has 206 bones as per modern anatomy. Here is an attempt to compare the Acharyas’s view of Asthi San-khya Shareera with the modern human anatomy.

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Boonbrahm, Poonpong, Charlee Kaewrat, Presert Pengkaew, Salin Boonbrahm, and Vincent Meni. "Study of the Hand Anatomy Using Real Hand and Augmented Reality." International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 12, no. 7 (November 8, 2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v12i7.9645.

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Anatomy is considered one of the foundation studies for all of the health science students especially medical and nursing students. Anatomy of the hand is complicated. It composes of bones, nerves, blood veins, muscles, and tendon. Memorising all the details about all those parts is tedious work and need much imagination. With the advances in computer graphics and human-computer interaction techniques, understanding how those body parts move is easy to understand in a visual presentation. Augmented Reality (AR) is the technique that allowed the computer-generated objects to overlay on top of the real world. In this study, we concentrate on studying the bones only. We have selected the Leap Motion, which is the device that can detect the hands and fingers, like a tracking device, and marker-based AR technique for displaying the computer generated bones on top of the real hand. Since the Leap Motion detects the hands and shows the bone in real time, so when a user moves the hands such as waving, all the 3D virtual bones move to the new position just like the real hand. Besides using this tool as the educational tool to help the students have better learning about anatomy, it can also be used as an assessment tool for anatomy class as well. Results from testing this tool with volunteer students indicate that it helps them to understand the hand anatomy better and faster than traditional ways.

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11

Pereira, G. A. M., P. T. C. Lopes, A. M. P. V. Santos, and F. H. S. Silveira. "Nutrient Foramina in the Upper and Lower Limb Long Bones: Morphometric Study in Bones of Southern Brazilian Adults." International Journal of Morphology 29, no. 2 (June 2011): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022011000200035.

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12

Bhat, Shruthi, Sheela G. Nayak, Vidyashambhava Pare, and Sagar Borker. "Use of beeswax for repair of damaged dry human bones in anatomy." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 02, no. 04 (October 2013): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401726.

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Abstract Background: Beehives are made up of wax, which are the natural glandular secretions of honeybees. One such huge beehive was incidentally noticed on the wall behind the Department of Anatomy, K.V.G. Medical College Sullia in 2012. The bees had already abandoned it and there were no bees even fluttering around. So we plucking it ensured that it was excised as a whole, instead of allowing it to get biodegraded. With assistance we got it to the Department. Objective: To study the architecture of this beehive and use of its wax to repair damaged dry human bones in the Department of Anatomy. Materials and Methods: Spirit lamp, spirit, Forceps, Cutting blades, quick fix, varnish, spatula and enamel paint were used for the study. Wax melted when heated at 62-65degree Celsius. Crude wax of the beehive was placed on the damaged bone by plucking a part of it. Then the bone was given a correct shape manually. Damaged bone part was repaired artistically using a hot spatula. Results: We could repair many damaged bones with this chunk of wax. Conclusion: This is a simple, cost effective, appropriate technique of bone repair in Anatomy. Regular maintenance of bones will prevent its damage. Thus bones can be used for a long period which can ensure percolation of right information to students of Anatomy.

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Boddepalli, Rajesh, and Sreerama Boddepalli. "Endoscopic Anatomy of Hypotympanum Surgical Implications." Annals of Otology and Neurotology 01, no. 02 (September 2018): 058–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676952.

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Abstract Objective To assess the endomeatal endoscopic morphological anatomy of hypotympanum under local anesthesia and further cadaveric dissection of temporal bone to know complete anatomical details of hypotympanum. Materials and Methods Two hundred six cases of live operations were studied, these included 160 cases of simple dry perforations for myringoplasty and 46 cases of stapedectomy operations. All operations were performed under local anesthesia using a 0-degree, 4-mm endoscope. The hypotympanum was visualized. Twenty wet temporal bones were dissected endoscopically and complete hypotympanic details were studied. Results Out of 206 cases, 94 cases (45%) were found to be type A; 51 cases (25%) were type B and 60 cases (30%) were type C hypotympanum. Wet cadaveric bones were dissected to visualize the transmeatal endoscopic jugular foramen in four levels (levels 1, 2, 3, and 4).

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14

ABE, Tadashi, Noboru GOTO, Naruhito OTSUKA, and Kiyoshi MATSUMOTO. "Clinical Anatomy of the Orbital Bones in Japanese Cadavers." Showa University Journal of Medical Sciences 11, no. 3 (1999): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15369/sujms1989.11.185.

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15

Thorington, Richard W., and Karolyn Darrow. "Anatomy of the squirrel wrist: Bones, ligaments, and muscles." Journal of Morphology 246, no. 2 (2000): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4687(200011)246:2<85::aid-jmor4>3.0.co;2-5.

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16

Gruber, Ronald P., and Deepak Gupta. "Commentary on: Rhinoplasty: The Nasal Bones – Anatomy and Analysis." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 35, no. 3 (March 1, 2015): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sju061.

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17

Sharma, M., R. Prashar, T. Sharma, and A. Wadhwa. "Morphological Variations of Nutrient Foramina in Upper Limb Long Bones." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2013/v2i2/86777.

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The nutrient artery is the principal source of blood supply to a long bone and is particularly important during its active growth period in the embryo and foetus as well as during the early phase of ossification. The aim of the present study was to study the topographic anatomy and morphology of the nutrient foramina in human adult upper limb long bones. The study was performed on 40 upper limb long bones which include 40 humerii, 40 radii, 40 ulnae. The bones were obtained from department of anatomy Punjab institute of medical sciences, Jalandhar. The variations were found in number and location of nutrient foramen in different upper limb bones. In humerus double and triple foramina were found. In radius and ulna double foramina were observed at the maximum. Absence of nutrient foramen was observed in radius. The knowledge about these foramina is useful in surgical procedures.

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18

Kiliç-Safak, Nazire, Rümeysa Gamze Taskin, and Ahmet Hilmi Yücel. "Morphologic and Morphometric Evaluation of the Wormian Bones." International Journal of Morphology 38, no. 1 (February 2020): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022020000100069.

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19

Naguib, Maged B., Miguel Aristegui, Essam Saleh, Yasar Cokkeser, Mauro Landolfi, Abdelkader Taibah, Alessandra Russo, and Mario Sanna. "Surgical Anatomy of the Petrous Apex as it Relates to the Enlarged Middle Cranial Fossa Approaches." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 111, no. 4 (October 1994): 488–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989411100417.

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This work was designed to study the surgical anatomy of the petrous apex as it relates to the enlarged middle cranial fossa approaches, on 25 temporal bones. In this study we suggest dividing the petrous apex into two topographic areas: an anterior triangular and a posterior quadrangular area with respect to the posterior border of the Gasserian ganglion. Anatomic descriptions endorsed by relevant measurements of these areas are provided in this study.

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Çevik-Demirkan, A., V. Özdemir, İ. Türkmenoğlu, and İ. Demirkan. "Anatomy of the Hind Limb Skeleton of the Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)." Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, no. 4 (2007): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776040501.

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This study aimed to document the detailed features of the hind limb bones in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera). Twenty chinchillas (10 females and 10 males) were used. Animals were euthanized and X-ray of appendicular skeleton of pelvis was taken immediately. Then the bones were macerated. The iliac wing was considerably long and the gluteal line formed a distinct crista. The sacropelvic surface (facies sacropelvina) was not observed, however, the iliac tuberosity (tuberositas iliaca) was evident. While the average distance between the midacetabulum and the tuber coxae (ventral iliac spine) was 33.58 mm in males and 31.34 mm in females, the average distance between the midacetabulum and the ischial tuberosity was 15.09 mm in males and 17.18 mm in females (statistically non-significant). The caput ossis femoris was bent to medial at an average of 60 degrees angle. The differences in both the width and length of the obturator foramen between males and females were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The third trochanter (trochanter tertius) and the supracondyloid fossa were absent. The tibia and the fibula formed a joint on the proximal and distal parts. The comparative size of the distal tarsal bones were IV > III > I > II (from the largest to the smallest) and the fifth metatarsal bone shaped a small bone. The comparative lengths of the other metatarsal bones were II > III > I > IV (from the longest to the shortest). Three phalanges bones were notable. The proximal phalanx was the biggest of all.

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Rothschild, Bruce M., and Robert J. Woods. "Spondyloarthropathy: Erosive arthritis in representative defleshed bones." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 85, no. 2 (June 1991): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330850202.

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22

by K. Krishnan Unni, Commentary. "Adamantinoma of Long Bones." Advances in Anatomic Pathology 3, no. 1 (January 1996): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00125480-199601000-00002.

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&NA;. "Adamantinoma of long bones." Advances in Anatomic Pathology 3, no. 5 (September 1996): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00125480-199609000-00005.

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24

Scott, Sandy. "Art and Anatomy, Part II: Bird Sculpture." Sculpture Review 69, no. 3 (September 2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0747528420967268.

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An understanding of the important bones, joints, muscles, where they attach, and how they articulate is necessary for the bird sculptor. In addition to this knowledge, the bird sculptor must know the major feather groups. The feather sets are basic, and every bird has the same groupings.

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Hegazy, Abdelmonem A., and Mohammad A. Hegazy. "Newborns’ Cranial Vault: Clinical Anatomy and Authors’ Perspective." International Journal of Human Anatomy 1, no. 2 (July 6, 2018): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2577-2279.ijha-18-2179.

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Cranial vault is the case surrounding the brain. Its structure differs in newborns than in adults in some aspects. Such differences should be clear for both health and family members. Moreover, the anatomy and embryology of fetal skull take a little attention in the previous literature and textbooks. Therefore, this short review aimed to clarify some aspects of anatomy and clinical importance of cranial vault features in newborns. The newborn vault is formed of multiple separate flat bones connected by fibrous tissues with wide soft gaps called fontanelles. Development of bones of skull vault is closely correlated with the expanding growth of the underlying brain. Such brain shouldn't be struggled by continuous tightening of the newborns' vault. Also, the newborn skull could be affected even by a fixed sleeping position.

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Hendricks, Benjamin K., Akash J. Patel, Jerome Hartman, Mark F. Seifert, and Aaron Cohen-Gadol. "Operative Anatomy of the Human Skull: A Virtual Reality Expedition." Operative Neurosurgery 15, no. 4 (September 17, 2018): 368–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opy166.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION The human cranial vault possesses an incredible, complex anatomical intricacy. Bridging the divide between 2-dimensional (2D) learning resources and the 3-dimensional (3D) world in which the anatomy becomes clinically relevant poses an intellectual challenge. Advances in computer graphics and modelling technologies have allowed increasingly accurate and representative resources to supplement cadaveric dissection specimens. OBJECTIVE To create accurate virtual models of all cranial bones to augment education, research, and clinical endeavours. METHODS Through a careful analysis of osteological specimens and high-resolution radiographic studies, a highly accurate virtual model of the human skull was created and annotated with relevant anatomical landmarks. RESULTS The skull was divided into 6 major segments including frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones. These bones were thoroughly annotated to demonstrate the intricate anatomical features. CONCLUSION This virtual model has the potential to serve as a valuable resource for educational, research, and clinical endeavours, and demonstrates the significance of advances in computer modelling that can contribute to our understanding of neurosurgical anatomical substrates.

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Nourinezhad, Jamal, Yazdan Mazaheri, and Mohammad Reza Ahi. "Metrical analysis of dromedary digital bones." Anatomical Science International 90, no. 2 (June 8, 2014): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12565-014-0242-1.

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Abisshek Balaji, R., M. Apoorva, V. V. Katti, M. M. Pai, B. V. Murlimanju, L. V. Prabhu, F. Santoboni, and M. C. Vulpiani. "Morphological and Topographic Anatomy of Sesamoid Bones of Human Thumb." Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal 10, no. 01 (March 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.32098/mltj.01.2020.19.

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Uysal, Ahmet Çağr, Murat Şahin Alagöz, Eray Tüccar, and Ömer Şensöz. "Vascular Anatomy of the Metacarpal Bones and the Interosseous Muscles." Annals of Plastic Surgery 51, no. 1 (July 2003): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000058502.60411.58.

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Rath, Björn, Hans-Peter Notermans, Jan Franzen, Jutta Knifka, Jürgen Walpert, Daniel Frank, and Jürgen Koebke. "The microvascular anatomy of the metatarsal bones: a plastination study." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 31, no. 4 (November 21, 2008): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-008-0441-3.

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Livshits, Gregory, Konstantin Yakovenko, Lilia Kletselman, David Karasik, and Eugene Kobyliansky. "Fluctuating asymmetry and morphometric variation of hand bones." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 107, no. 1 (September 1998): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(199809)107:1<125::aid-ajpa10>3.0.co;2-2.

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Gebo, Daniel L., and Gary T. Schwartz. "Foot bones from Omo: Implications for hominid evolution." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 129, no. 4 (2006): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20320.

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Mirra, Joseph M., and Noriaki Kameda. "Myxoid angioblastomatosis of bones." American Journal of Surgical Pathology 9, no. 6 (June 1985): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000478-198506000-00007.

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Singh, Rajani. "Incidence of Sutural Bones at Asterion in Adults Indians Skulls." International Journal of Morphology 30, no. 3 (September 2012): 1182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022012000300066.

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Khobragade, Leena, and P. Vatsalaswamy. "Morphometric study of depth of acetabulum." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 9 (August 26, 2017): 3837. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173660.

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Background: Anatomy of the hip must be taken into account to study the anatomy of various surgical approaches. Reconstruction of the acetabulum in patients with significant acetabular bone deficiency remains a major challenge in revision total hip arthroplasty. Appropriate anatomic concepts for surgery to treat femoroacetabular impingement require a precise appreciation of the native acetabular anatomy. Since the acetabulum is not always of same shape, width or depth, joint congruences are frequent with minor anatomical variations in the shape of the acetabulum. Hence the present study was undertaken as controversies still exist on the importance of these variations and to prevent problems following surgical procedures such as acetabular reconstruction and femoroacetabular impingement.Methods: Material of the study consisted of 110 human hip bones (60 males and 50 females). Depth of Acetabulum (DA) was measured on these hip bones on both the sides. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 11 and Microsoft Excel 2007.Results: The mean depth of acetabulum in male was 26.89 mm and female was 25.31 mm. The mean depth of acetabulum on right side was 26.24 mm and left side was 26.11 mm. Depth of the acetabulum was greater in males as compared to females and the differences were statistically significant. Depth was greater on the right side as compared to the left side but the difference was statistically non-significant.Conclusions: Depth of the acetabulum was greater in males as compared to females.

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Tappen, Martha, and Richard Wrangham. "Recognizing hominoid-modified bones: The taphonomy of colobus bones partially digested by free-ranging chimpanzees in the Kibale Forest, Uganda." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 113, no. 2 (2000): 217–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1096-8644(200010)113:2<217::aid-ajpa6>3.0.co;2-g.

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Rybska, Eliza, Sue Dale Tunnicliffe, and Zofia Anna Sajkowska. "YOUNG CHILDREN’S IDEAS ABOUT SNAIL INTERNAL ANATOMY." Journal of Baltic Science Education 13, no. 6 (December 15, 2014): 828–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/14.13.828.

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Drawings can serve as a useful tool for analyzing children’s understanding of scientific phenomena. This study examined children’s understandings about internal structure of the snail. Children from kindergarten at age 5 and from primary school of age 7 and 10, were asked to draw their concept about the internal structure of the snail. The results demonstrate the alternative conceptions held by the children. Analysis showed some significant differences in interpretation between both age groups and gender. Age related differences were in understanding of nervous, circulatory, muscle and digestive system, and such features as food, bones and mucus. Gender differences were not so significant at present studies. There were only few statistically significant observations concerning gender, that boys more often than girls consider mucus and other organisms (such as bacteria) as a part of snail internal structure. The girls drew more in the category food (7 years old) and bones (10 years old). The results also revealed ideas which made sense to the learner, but are not biologically accurate, such as organs located in the foot. Key words: alternative conceptions, drawings, invertebrates, mental models, snails.

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Schart-Morén, Nadine, Sune Larsson, Helge Rask-Andersen, and Hao Li. "Anatomical Characteristics of Facial Nerve and Cochlea Interaction." Audiology and Neurotology 22, no. 1 (2017): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000475876.

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Objective: The aim was to study the relationship between the labyrinthine portion (LP) of the facial canal and the cochlea in human inner ear molds and temporal bones using micro-CT and 3D rendering. A reduced cochlea-facial distance may spread electric currents from the cochlear implant to the LP and cause facial nerve stimulation. Influencing factors may be the topographic anatomy and otic capsule properties. Methods: An archival collection of human temporal bones underwent micro-CT and 3D reconstruction. In addition, cochlea-facial distance was assessed in silicone and polyester resin molds, and the association between the LP and upper basal turn of the cochlea was analyzed. Results: Local thinning of the otic capsule and local anatomy may explain the development of cochlea-facial dehiscence, which was found in 1.4%. A reduced cochlea-facial distance was noted in 1 bone with a superior semicircular canal dehiscence but not in bones with superior semicircular canal “blue line.” The otic capsule often impinged upon the LP and caused narrowing. Conclusion: Micro-CT with 3D rendering offers new possibilities to study the topographic anatomy of the human temporal bone. The varied shape of the cross-section of the LP could often be explained by an “intruding” cochlea.

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Lee, Ho-Ki, Won-Sang Lee, Ek-Ho Lee, and Won Sok Kim. "Microsurgical Anatomy of the Perigeniculate Ganglion Area as Seen from a Translabyrinthine Approach." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 109, no. 3 (March 2000): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940010900303.

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Detailed anatomic knowledge of the microsurgical anatomy of the perigeniculate ganglion area is essential to probing adjacent to the facial nerve by a translabyrinthine approach. This study was designed to investigate the surgical anatomy of the perigeniculate ganglion area of the facial nerve from a translabyrinthine point of view. We dissected 15 human temporal bones under a microscope, measured the lengths of the tympanic segment and the labyrinthine segment by a middle cranial fossa approach, and measured the angle between the tympanic and labyrinthine segments by a translabyrinthine approach. The distance of the facial nerve from the cochleariform process to the geniculate ganglion was 3.8 ± 0.7 mm. The length of the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve was 4 ± 0.8 mm. The angle between the tympanic and labyrinthine segments from a translabyrinthine point of view was 26° ± 5°. Precise knowledge about the microsurgical anatomy of the perigeniculate ganglion area of the facial nerve from a translabyrinthine viewpoint is imperative for facial nerve decompression by a translabyrinthine approach.

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SRIPADA, S., D. I. ROWLEY, M. SAITO, K. SHIMADA, T. NAKASHIMA, and C. A. WIGDEROWITZ. "Biomechanical Testing of the Fractured Distal Radius Treated with A New Bone Cement–Is it Strong Enough?" Journal of Hand Surgery 31, no. 4 (August 2006): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.04.005.

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This study evaluates the in vitro ability of CAP, a bone graft substitute with osteointegration and osteoconductive properties, to restore the anatomy and strength of fractured distal radii. Ten pairs of cadaveric radii were imaged and tested to failure, simulating a fracture. The radii were reconstructed using CAP and were re-fractured and sequentially imaged. The deformities of the bones were determined through computerised evaluation of the radiographs. Radiographic analysis showed that CAP is capable of restoring the anatomy of the distal radius. The load and work required to fracture intact radii were compared to those required to fracture the reconstructed radii. The load to fracture was similar in the two situations. The work to fracture, however, was higher with reconstructed radii, suggesting that these are stronger than the original bones. Our study supports the hypothesis that CAP is capable of restoring the original anatomy and dimensions of the distal radius and re-establishing its mechanical strength.

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Hasan, Imam, and Mohammad Rafiqul Islam. "Preparation of indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos) skeleton to enhance veterinary anatomy teaching." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v5i3.43587.

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The objective of this study was to prepare the skeletons of duck to enhance veterinary anatomy teaching. Five aged ducks were used in this experiment, which was collected from the Bangladesh Agricultural University poultry farm. The ducks were skinned and different segments of the body were dissected with the help of a scalpel. Then the bones were wrapped using merkin clothes, heated in 5% solution of soda water for 1 hour, and kept in that solution for 7 days for decomposing the muscles, tendon and ligaments. For proper cleaning, the bones were dipped into 10% bleaching water for 2 hours. After complete sundry, the bones were articulated using super glue for rising into a skeleton. The vertebral column was aligned with 25-gauge steel wire was inserted into the vertebral foramen. Finally, the skeletons were fixed on a wooden stand. Therefore, the skeletons were preserved and used for demonstration of osteology, and avian anatomy. This duck skeleton will be used to study avian morphology and make a comparative analysis with other mammals. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(3): 192-196

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Prysyazhnyuk, V. "The use of programmable preparations in studying the anatomy of domestic animals." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 88 (November 13, 2018): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet8829.

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It is grounded theoretical and methodological means of use of natural and programmable visual aids when studying the anatomy of domestic animals, in particular the organization of individual work of students in modern conditions and its place in the educational system of modern higher educational institution. The question concerning the methodological ensuring of the individual preparation of students was elucidated in conditions of credit system education and ways to solve it on an example of one of the normative discipline of curriculum of preparation the Master of veterinary medicine – anatomy of domestic animals. It is presented the educational and methodical developments on the organization of independent preparation of students on anatomy of domestic animals, including the use of colored programmable tables painted and electrified natural bone drugs of domestic animals: skulls, stands-training equipment of limbs bones, including scapula, shoulder, hip and other bones. By the originality of electrified colored preparation of the sagittal sawing of cow skeleton is that it is possible to study the structure of the various parts of the skull, spine, extremities at the same time features in the structure of the bones of these departments. In order to study the sections “osteology” and “syndesmology” and control interrogation of students at the department, are widely used also programmable stands – simulator of bones and joints of thoracic and pelvic limbs. The value of these stands – simulators is because it's natural anatomical preparations. These simulators are especially useful for students, to give them the opportunity to study and define all the details of the structure of bones and joints of the extremities of 4 species in no time. Next to osteological preparations were produced and implemented in the educational process the programmable training of the limb muscles, dry painted programmable preparations of the internal organs. These preparations make it possible to students to see life-size and topography of the internal organs, different colors and aggravate students' attention to certain parts of bodies. Attached to these drugs booklets with the label to them in Latin and Ukrainian languages enable students to learn the material on their own and to conduct self-control. So at the Department of Anatomy are widely used the programmable and electrified preparations of bone joints, muscles, natural dry painted preparations of internal organs for learning, self-training and knowledge control of students.

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Abou-Bieh, Alaa A., Thomas J. Haberkamp, Khalid A. Al-Abdulhadi, and Jarah Ali Al-Tubaikh. "R433 – The Anterior Epitympanum." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.589.

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Problem Early studies report detailed microscopic anatomy of the anterior epitympanum, yet none describe its anatomy from an endoscopic point of view. Methods Thirty-five temporal bones were dissected, and the anatomic details were studied utilizing an operating microscope and otoendoscopes with 0o, 30o and 70o angles and 2.7 and 3 mm diameters. Results Marked variation in the size and shape of the anterior epitympanum was observed. The recess was found in all of the 35 bones. In 43% of the specimens, the main cavity was above the tensor tympanic fold, it was best endoscopically approached via the posterior transmastoid approach. But in 49% of the specimens, because the recess was divided into two cavities by the tensor tympanic fold, it necessitated both the transmastoid and the transcanal routes to endoscopically approach it. While in 8% of specimens, it was mainly endoscopically approached via the transcanal approach, as the recess was contiguous with the eustachian tube. Conclusion The shape of the anterior epitympanum is influenced by the relation between the cavities above and below the tensor tympanic fold. The incorporation of otoendoscopes helps in more exposure of its different types with less aggressive approaches. Significance Review the added value of intra-operative use of otoendoscopes to approach the different areas of the anterior epitympanic region.

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El-Morshidy, A. F., F. Rabia, and A. Mukaimi. "BILATERAL ASYMPTOMATIC PISIFORM AND HAMATE COALITION — A CASE REPORT." Hand Surgery 05, no. 01 (July 2000): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810400000168.

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Djalilian, Hamid R., Kunal H. Thakkar, Sanaz Hamidi, Aaron G. Benson, and Mahmood F. Mafee. "A Study of Middle Cranial Fossa Anatomy and Anatomic Variations." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 86, no. 8 (August 2007): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130708600813.

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We conducted a study to establish standardized measurements of the common anatomic landmarks used during surgery via the middle cranial fossa approach. Results were based on high-resolution computed tomography (CT) images of 98 temporal bones in 54 consecutively presenting patients. Measurements were obtained with the assistance of the standard PACS (picture archiving and communication system) software. We found that the superior semicircular canal (SSC) dome was not the highest point on the temporal bone (i.e., the arcuate eminence) in 78 of the temporal bone images (79.6%). Pneumatization above the SSC and above the internal auditory canal (IAC) was found in 27 (27.6%) and 39 (39.8%) temporal bone images, respectively. The anterior wall of the external auditory canal was always anterior to the anterior wall of the IAC. The mean angles between the SSC and the posterior and anterior walls of the IAC were 42.3° and 60.8°, respectively. We also measured other distances, and we compared our findings with those published by others. We hope that the results of our study will help surgeons safely and rapidly locate anatomic landmarks when performing surgery via the middle cranial fossa approach.

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Roche, A., G. Williams, D. Wharton, and D. Brown. "Physical and radiographic identification of the bones of the wrist by junior doctors." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 36, no. 2 (August 23, 2010): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193410380823.

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Accurate clinical and radiographic examination of a wrist is required to diagnose injury. Knowledge of basic wrist anatomy is the key to ensuring a complete assessment. We tested junior doctors’ basic knowledge of the bony anatomy of the wrist. We asked 102 trainees in accident and emergency and orthopaedic departments to palpate nine landmarks on uninjured subjects and then asked them to name the carpal bones on a plain wrist radiograph. No doctor identified all nine landmarks clinically. Only 60% could accurately name all eight carpal bones on a plain radiograph. This study highlights a lack of basic anatomical and radiographic knowledge that is required for examination of the wrist in the hospital setting and discusses issues that may relate to this in medical training.

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Keles, Bahar, Maroun T. Semaan, and Jose N. Fayad. "The Medial wall of the Jugular Foramen." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 141, no. 3 (September 2009): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.05.030.

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OBJECTIVE: To better understand the variable and complex anatomy of the jugular foramen (JF) and the relationship between the neurovascular structures in the medial wall of the jugular bulb (JB). STUDY DESIGN: A temporal bone anatomic study. SETTING: A temporal bone laboratory within a hearing research facility. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-two temporal bones were dissected under the operating microscope. The JF anatomy was exposed by using the modified infratemporal fossa approach (no rerouting of the facial nerve). Pictures were taken at various intervals during the dissection. Distances between important structures were measured with two-point calipers and transferred to a millimetric scale. RESULTS: The right JF was found to be larger than the left side in 72.7 percent of the dissected temporal bones. A fibrous septum separated the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) from the vagus (CN X) and accessory (CN XI) nerves in 19 specimens (86.4%), and a complete bony septum was present in three specimens (13.6%). The CNs IX, X, and XI traveled anteromedially to the JB within the JF. The inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) drained into the medial wall of the JB at various locations by two or more channels. In most of the specimens (86.4%), the IPS separated CNs IX and X. CONCLUSION: The lower cranial nerves have an intimate relationship to the medial wall of the JB. Within the JF, the neurovascular structures vary in size, shape, and location. To minimize surgical morbidity, the surgeon should be familiar with the complex anatomy of the JB and its variations.

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Lee, Alice D., Sanaz Hamidi, and Hamid R. Djalilian. "Anatomy of the Transarcuate Approach to the Petrous Apex." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.516.

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Problem The petrous apex is considered to be one of the most difficult areas of the temporal bone to approach surgically. We present data describing the dimensions of a transarcuate approach to the petrous apex, as measured on high resolution computed tomography. Methods Measurements of the mean dimensions and ranges through the crura of the superior semicircular canal were made. The measurements were obtained from high-resolution computed tomography images of 30 temporal bones in 19 consecutively presenting patients with a pneumatized posterior petrous apex cell tract on CT. Measurements were obtained with the use of the standard PACS (picture archiving and communication system) software. Results The mean anterior-posterior space in the superior semicircular canals without transcrural pneumatization was 4.96±0.39 mm. The mean superior- inferior dimension was 4.98±0.48 mm. The same measurements in canals with pneumatized intercrural tracts were 5.17±0.51 mm and 5.11±0.62 mm respectively. The mean anterior-posterior distance and superior-inferior distance of the intercrural air tracts themselves were 2.09±0.57 and 2.01±0.45mm. There was a statistically significant difference in the anterior-posterior size between the pneumatized and non-pneumatized canals but not in the superior-inferior distance. Conclusion Pneumatized bones demonstrate a slight increase in the subarcuate dimensions as compared to non-pneumatized bones. The transarcuate approach is a viable one for drainage and biopsy of the petrous apex. Significance Our study demonstrates that the transarcuate approach is anatomically possible for drainage of the petrous apex with minimal risk to the superior semicircular canal. This would be especially useful for the drainage of cholesterol granulomas of the petrous apex or biopsy in this area.

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Dąbrowski, K., H. Stankiewicz-Jóźwicka, A. Kowalczyk, M. Markuszewski, and B. Ciszek. "Ossa Sesamoidea — prevalence of sesamoid bones in human hands." Folia Morphologica 79, no. 3 (September 3, 2020): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/fm.a2019.0123.

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Baker, Joan E. "Decyphering ancient bones: The research potential of bioarchaeological collections." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 127, no. 3 (2005): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20091.

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