Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bones and shells

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bones and shells'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bones and shells"

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Jinjing, Xu. "The Relations of “shi tun” (示屯) during the Reign of Wu-Ding of Shang (≈1250 B.C. - 1222 B.C.)." Sinología hispánica 1, no. 8 (June 15, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v1i8.5925.

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<span>In Annals of Spring and Autumn it is stated that: “State affairs are worship and military affairs.” The inscriptions on turtle shells and bones are records of the escapulimancia during the Shang dynasty (≈1600 BC - 1046 BC), and that covers all aspects of life and society. The “tun” (屯) is a unit of measurement used for the turtle shells and bones of the oracle during the Shang dynasty. A shell or a bone is “a pian (丿)”, and a pair is “a tun (屯)”. “Shi tun” (示屯) refers to the “offering of shells and prepared bones”, is one of the important sources of oracular bones. The organization and analysis of reception records in those bones allow us to get to know this dynasty of more than 3,000 years ago from a new perspective. In addition, we can also understand</span> <span>the social status of taxpayers and signatories, through comparisons with the content of other oracular bones.</span>
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Yudha, Donan Satria, Fidelis Triki Sadewa Aritona, and Rury Eprilurahman. "Characteristics of Shell Bone as an Identification Tool for Turtle Species (Reptiles: Testudines) in Java, Borneo, and Sumatra." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (April 14, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.47227.

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There are 42 species of turtles; including sea turtle, freshwater turtle, tortoise, and softshell turtle (Reptilia: Testudines) living in Indonesia today. Turtles have economic values for quite a long time and it has led to illegal trade such as smuggling of carapace and plastron bones. Identification is needed to find out more details about the turtle species. Turtles have shells as unique features with different characteristics on each species. Shell’s identification usually relies on the shape of carapace and plastron. The purpose of this research is to understand turtle shell morphological characters and determine the diagnostic characters of each species. We conducted visual observation on specimen collections from the Laboratory of Animal Systematics, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada and Museum of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The result shows that each turtle species have their own unique shell bone’s characters, therefore it can be used to determine each turtle species of Indonesia.
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Ogawa, Masahiro, Kohei Yamauchi, Hisao Sugihara, Hiroyasu Nishiguchi, Tatsumi Ishihara, and Yusaku Takita. "Synthesis of the White Calcium Cyanamide from Shells, Egg Shells, and Chicken Bones." Journal of the Japan Society of Waste Management Experts 14, no. 1 (2003): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3985/jswme.14.10.

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Yuan, Sixun, Xiaohong Wu, Kexin Liu, Zhiyu Guo, Xiaolin Cheng, Yan Pan, and Jinxia Wang. "Removal of Contaminants from Oracle Bones During Sample Pretreatment." Radiocarbon 49, no. 2 (2007): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200042132.

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Animal bones and tortoise shells were used for divination by the Chinese royal family during the Shang Dynasty (∼16th–11th century BC), and the divination results were recorded as inscriptions on oracle bones and shells, which are very valuable cultural remains and record many important events in the Shang Dynasty period. Thus, radiocarbon dating of oracle bones was used to build a precise chronology of the late Shang Dynasty. Due to their original burial conditions and the fact that in subsequent decades the pieces were traded or archived in museums, oracle bones are expected to be contaminated with exogenous materials from the environment and the conservation process. During dating, we found that some samples were contaminated by conservation chemical reagents. The contaminated samples were purified by removing exogenous chemicals with a series of organic solvents, in a method modified from Bruhn et al. (2001). Both whole bone and gelatin samples were processed with this purification method, resulting in satisfactory improvements in dating results.
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Loewe, Michael. "The oracles of the clouds and the Winds." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 51, no. 3 (October 1988): 500–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00116490.

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The subject of oracles and divination usually calls to mind two topics, the shells and bones of the Shang–Yin period, and the cast of the yarrow stalks with a view to constructing the hexagrams. Attention may then fasten on the inscriptions of the shells and the bones, or on the Changes, and their respective places in linguistic, religious, historical or philosophical studies. However, it is by no means always recognized that divination and oracles continued to be matters of considerable importance in their many forms in later ages, playing a significant role alike in political decisions, religious practice and scientific enquiry.
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Püntener, Christian, Jérémy Anquetin, and Jean-Paul Billon-Bruyat. "The comparative osteology of Plesiochelys bigleri n. sp., a new coastal marine turtle from the Late Jurassic of Porrentruy (Switzerland)." PeerJ 5 (June 28, 2017): e3482. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3482.

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Background During the Late Jurassic, several groups of eucryptodiran turtles inhabited the shallow epicontinental seas of Western Europe. Plesiochelyidae are an important part of this first radiation of crown-group turtles into coastal marine ecosystems. Fossils of Plesiochelyidae occur in many European localities, and are especially abundant in the Kimmeridgian layers of the Swiss Jura Mountains (Solothurn and Porrentruy). In the mid-19th century, the quarries of Solothurn (NW Switzerland) already provided a large amount of fossil turtles, most notably Plesiochelys etalloni, the best-known plesiochelyid species. Recent excavations in the Porrentruy area (NW Switzerland) revealed new fossils of Plesiochelys, including numerous well-preserved shells with associated cranial and postcranial material. Methods/results Out of 80 shells referred to Plesiochelys, 41 are assigned to a new species, Plesiochelys bigleri n. sp., including a skull–shell association. We furthermore refer 15 shells to Plesiochelys etalloni, and 24 shells to Plesiochelys sp. Anatomical comparisons show that Plesiochelys bigleri can clearly be differentiated from Plesiochelys etalloni by cranial features. The shell anatomy and the appendicular skeleton of Plesiochelys bigleri and Plesiochelys etalloni are very similar. However, a statistical analysis demonstrates that the thickness of neural bones allows to separate the two species based on incomplete material. This study furthermore illustrates the extent of intraspecific variation in the shell anatomy of Plesiochelys bigleri and Plesiochelys etalloni.
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Loewe, Michael. "Divination By Shells, Bones and Stalks During the Han Period." T'oung Pao 74, no. 1 (1988): 81–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853288x00103.

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AbstractFrom the foregoing it may be seen that many Chinese of the Han period retained a deep faith in the powers of divination. Deliberate attempts to search for guidance in this way possessed a significance and a validity that was no less forceful than that of other intellectual or religious activities undertaken in like manner to plumb the secrets of the universe. The act of divination depended on a belief in the unitary nature of the universe. It sought communication with unseen powers through the medium of material objects that were
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Kwang-Yuan, Chang. "12. An Experiment in Making Late Shang Oracle Bones." Early China 9, S1 (1986): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800002996.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a series of experiments attempting to determine the methods of selection, preparation, and use of turtle shell and cattle bone materials for divination during the Late Shang period. Specific topics covered include selection, preparation, drilling of burning-pits and application of heat, the reading by the diviners of the resulting cracks, the function of the historian's first writing the divination data on the bone before it was inscribed, the reason the cracks and divination data were carved into the bone and why pigment was applied to them, the actual inscription-carving technique, the result of experiments on methods of softening bones and shells, and preparing bronze and jade inscription-carving knives. I have examined excavation reports and earlier publications by scholars in the field and compared them with my own results in order to gain more complete understanding of the actual process of Late Shang oracle-bone divination. In the course of carrying out these experiments, I have made a number of discoveries which I hope may fill in some of the gaps that still exist in oraclebone studies after eighty-three years.
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Wojcieszak, Marine, Tess Van den Brande, Gaia Ligovich, and Mathieu Boudin. "PRETREATMENT PROTOCOLS PERFORMED AT THE ROYAL INSTITUTE FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE (RICH) PRIOR TO AMS 14C MEASUREMENTS." Radiocarbon 62, no. 5 (July 27, 2020): e14-e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2020.64.

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ABSTRACTThe Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (RICH) radiocarbon (14C) laboratory in Brussels, Belgium, has acquired experience for pretreating samples with 60 years of involvement in 14C dating, and the implementation of routine protocols. These procedures as applied to wood, seeds, charred materials, bones, ivory, textiles (silk, wool, cotton, linen), paper, shells, cremated bones, mortars, lead carbonates, sediments, etc. are described in detail in this paper. They are evaluated against reference materials.
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Marcon, Norman E. "Overtubes and Foreign Bodies." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 4, no. 9 (1990): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/963194.

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The most common article ingested in adults is food or food products such as nuts, shells, pits and bones. Poorly chewed steak causing bolus obstruction occurs especially in the elderly, while coins are most common in the pediatric group. New techniques of flexible endoscopy have altered and improved management, decreasing the need for surgery. A foreign body in the esophagus mandates prompt removal to avoid perforation. At least 80% of foreign, bodies reaching the stomach pass spontaneously. Once the foreign body is beyond the distal duodenum, it should be followed with serial x-rays. Techniques of removal of meat, bones, shells, bezoars, glass, bottle tops, sharps, pencils, pens, wires, thermometers, gastrostomy tubes, obesity balloons, safety pins, razor blades, button batteries and cocaine packets are described. Complications related to foreign body removal are rare.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bones and shells"

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Plucar, Jiří. "Les procédés de déchiffrement de l'écriture archaïque sur os et écailles de tortue : (Chine antique, XIIIe-XIe siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0027.

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Après plus de cent ans de recherche sur les inscriptions gravées sur os et écailles de tortue datant de la fin de la dynastie Shāng, ce matériel graphique réévalue la paléographie chinoise qui est née au fur et à mesure de l’évolution de l’étude des inscriptions sur bronze entamée par les lettrés Sòng. Cette discipline à part entière qui est désormais inscrite dans l’étude de l’écriture chinoise, est marquée par le caractère interdisciplinaire qu’implique une approche multilatérale au vu de l’emploi de cette écriture en Chine antique du XIIIème au XIème siècle av. J.-C. dans un contexte de divination de la maison royale Shāng. Le présent travail se concentre sur l’identification et la compréhension de cette écriture, dont le déchiffrement constitue la tâche principale. Le déchiffrement graphique est soumis à l’épreuve visant à le définir et, tout particulièrement, à le systématiser dans un contexte philologique et culturel spécifique. La présente thèse se consacre à la tâche de repérer une méthodologie de base du déchiffrement de l’écriture sur os et écailles dans le cadre de l’avancement de son étude tout au long du XXème siècle et jusqu’à nos jours
The inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells of the late Shāng dynasty have been studied for more than one hundred years. These graphical materials have given a new value to Chinese palaeography which was developed gradually from the studies of bronze inscriptions by Sòng scholars. This independent discipline has now become part of the science of Chinese writing and is marked by its interdisciplinary character and multilateral approach. Such an approach is required in the investigation of a writing system that goes back to the 13th-11th centuries BC period, when it was used for divinatory purposes in China during the rule of the Shāng royal dynasty. This paper focuses on the identification and comprehension of this script with the ultimate objective of deciphering it. Graphical deciphering is tested in order to define and systematize it in a specific philological and cultural background. The main thrust of the paper is the search for a fundamental methodology of the deciphering process of oracle bone inscriptions in the framework of the advancement of this process in the course of the 20th century and until now
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Koutoulis, Konstantinos C. "The effects of dietary calcium intake, absorption and age at sexual maturity on bone strength of battery caged laying hens." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265301.

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Fingerhut, Raetz Doria Lee. "Bone tool assemblages as an aid to shell mound site typologies on the Northwest coast." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3929.

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Fifteen bone tool assemblages from shell midden sites were compared. Three of these are unpublished sites from Prince Rupert Harbor. They were grouped using cluster analysis. Inter and intragroup variation in bone tool assemblage structure was analyzed. One of the objectives of this study was to generate hypotheses about the function of the unpublished sites by comparing their bone tool assemblages with those from sites which are better understood by looking for underlying patterns in the bone tool assemblages. Other objectives were to test the utility of using bone tool assemblages as a diagnostic tool in analyzing sites and to test the utility of the cluster analysis procedure with this data set. Hypotheses were developed identifying possible site usage at the three Prince Rupert Harbor sites, Boardwalk (GbTo-31), Garden Island (GbTo-23), and Grassy Bay (GbTn-1). Bone tool assemblages were shown to be a useful aid in site analysis and cluster analysis was quite useful in identifying existing patterns in these data.
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Haidar, Ziyad. "A hybrid core-shell rhOP-1 nanoparticulate delivery system for enhanced new bone regeneration in distraction osteogenesis." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86713.

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Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a prevalent surgical technique for the correction of congenital orthopaedic deformities and craniofacial developmental conditions. Yet, clinical benefits continue to be limited by a number of complications mainly as a result of the protracted treatment time during which the fixator has to be kept in situ until the newly-formed bone in the distracted zone consolidates (or hardens), thus exacerbating significant medical, psychological and socio-economical problems on patients, their families and caregivers. On the other hand, protein therapy particularly with the use of potent osteoinductive cytokines from the TGF-B superfamily has been hailed as the most promising alternative to conventional bone grafts. Currently, rhBMP-2 and rhBMP-7/OP-1 have been approved for their "restricted" clinical use in long bone healing and spinal fusion. Prospective clinical trials have reported variability in results ranging from full bone bridging to no bone union and to optimize the therapeutical outcome, the incorporated high and unsafe dosages of the growth factors, timing of release and their application systems necessitate further development. Thus far, loading the protein solution into collagen sponges prior to surgical implantation has shown poor retention and rapid clearance of BMPs within a much shorter period than bone healing requires, especially in humans. Also, such carriers do not provide controlled or customizable release and can comprise outcome by foreign body reactions due to their nature, composition and incomplete degradation. Hence, biocompatible delivery systems that release the bioactive load locally and continuously over proper periods of time for the regeneration of native bone using lower and safer drug concentrations are needed. This doctoral dissertation describes the development and evaluation of a novel hybrid nanoparticulate rhOP-1 delivery system demonstrating characteristics suitable for enhancing de novo bone regenera
L'ostéogenèse par distraction osseuse (OD) est une technique chirurgicale répandue pour la correction de difformités orthopédiques congénitales et craniofaciales. Pourtant, les avantages cliniques continuent d'être limités par de complications comme à la suite d'un traitement de longue durée pendant lequel le fixateur doit être gardé in situ jusqu'à ce que l'os nouvellement formé dans la zone distraite se consolide; pouvant significativement engendrer voire aggraver certains problèmes médicaux, psychologiques et socio-économiques. D'un autre côté, l'utilisation de puissantes cytokines de la superfamille TGF-B a été considérée comme l'alternative la plus prometteuse à la greffe conventionnelle d'os. Actuellement, BMP-2 et BMP-7/OP-1 ont été approuvés pour leur utilisation clinique "restreinte" dans la longue guérison osseuse et la fusion spinale. Pourtant, certaines études ont rapporté une certaine variabilité dans les résultats, allant du pontage osseux complet jusqu'à l'absence d'unification osseuse. Et pour optimiser le résultat thérapeutique, le haut dosage incertain des facteurs de croissance, le choix du temps de relargage et de leurs systèmes d'application requièrent des développements supplémentaires et approfondis. Donc, le développement d'un système de délivrance qui relargue le chargement bioactif localement et continuellement sur des périodes de temps appropriées pour faciliter la régénération de l'os natif à des concentrations plus basses et moins dangereuses est nécessaire. Cette thèse décrit le développement et l'évaluation d'un système de délivrance hybride, combinant nanoparticules et rhOP-1, qui démontre des caractéristiques convenables pour l'accélération d'OD. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse est divisé en deux phases principales : (1) La formulation de nanoparticules à structure coeur-coquille biocompatible, biodégradable, monodisperse, physiquement stable et chargée positiv
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Scheibel, Markus. "Metal-Nitrogen Multiple Bonds with Square-Planar Group 9 Transition Metal PNP Pincer Complexes." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-9944-4.

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Moore, Christopher R. "PRODUCTION, EXCHANGE AND SOCIAL INTERACTION IN THE GREEN RIVER REGION OF WESTERN KENTUCKY: A MULTISCALAR APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF TWO SHELL MIDDEN SITES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/130.

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The Green River region of western Kentucky has been a focus of Archaic period research since 1915. Currently, the region is playing an important role in discussions of Archaic hunter-gatherer cultural complexity. Unfortunately, many of the larger Green River sites contain several archaeological components ranging from the Early to Late Archaic periods. Understanding culture change requires that these multiple components somehow be sorted and addressed individually. Detailed re-analyses of Works Progress Administration (WPA) era artifact collections from two archaeological sites in the Green River region – the Baker (15Mu12) and Chiggerville (15Oh1) shell middens – indicate that these sites are relatively isolated Middle and Late Archaic components, respectively. The relatively unmixed character of Baker and Chiggerville makes these sites excellent candidates for evaluating aspects of complexity during the Archaic. After developing a theoretical basis for evaluating the relative complexity of the social organization of the Baker and Chiggerville site inhabitants on the basis of the material record they left behind, I employ detailed analyses of the bone, antler, and stone tools from these two sites to examine six microscalar aspects of complexity – technological organization, subsistence, specialization, leadership, communication networks, and exchange. These microscalar aspects of complexity all can be linked materially to the archaeological record of the Green River region and can be evaluated as proxies for changes in social organization among the hunter-gatherers who inhabited this region during the Middle and Late Archaic periods. Although the Baker assemblage indicated greater complexity in communication networks and certain proxies for leadership and technological organization, most indicators suggest that the Chiggerville site inhabitants were the more complexly organized group and were in the process of developing a tribal-like social formation. This research, therefore, tentatively supports the hypothesis of increasing complexity through time during the Archaic. However, marked differences in the technological strategies utilized by the Baker and Chiggerville site inhabitants indicates these groups may not have been historically related, thereby violating one of the primary assumptions of the project. If this alternative hypothesis is confirmed through additional research, then no conclusions concerning change through time can be derived from this study.
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Xavier, Regina PatrÃcia de Souza. "Granulometria do calcÃrio para podeiras comerciais submetidas ou nÃo à iluminaÃÃo artificial." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12109.

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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of particle size of the limestone and the use of artificial light on feeding behavior, performance, egg quality and bone of laying hens. A total of 300 Hisex White hens at 18 weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomized design in factorial 5 x 2, with 5 replicates of 6 birds. The factors studied were 5 granulometries obtained by increasing the proportion of coarse limestone (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) compared to 2 types of thin and light, with and without artificial light. No significant interaction between factors (size x lighting program) for all parameters evaluated on performance, egg quality and bone. There was also no significant effect on the level of coarse limestone in diets on performance and egg quality, however had an effect on bone quality. Among the light programs, showed that the use of artificial light showed eggs with higher Haugh Units compared to birds that received only natural light. With respect to feeding behavior no significant interaction between factors limestone, light and time. However, significant effects of the interaction (light and time), there was a higher consumption in birds without artificial light in relation to artificial light during the hours of 6am to 9h40min and 12:40 to 17:40 and the interaction effect (limestone and time) , it was observed that at the time of 6am to 9h40min, increased consumption, corresponded to the gradual increase in the ration of coarse limestone. For laying hens in the first laying cycle, created in geographic coordinates that developed in the research, changes in particle size of limestone provided an improvement in bone quality of the birds and the use of artificial light may favor albumen quality as Haugh unit.
O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da granulometria do calcÃrio e do uso da luz artificial sobre o comportamento alimentar, desempenho, qualidade do ovo e Ãssea de poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 300 poedeiras Hisex White com 18 semanas de idade, distribuÃdas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com 5 repetiÃÃes de 6 aves. Os fatores estudados foram 5 granulometrias obtidas pelo aumento da proporÃÃo de calcÃrio grosso (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) em relaÃÃo ao fino e 2 tipos de iluminaÃÃo, com e sem luz artificial. NÃo houve interaÃÃo significativa entre os fatores (granulometria x programa de luz) para os parÃmetros avaliados sobre desempenho, qualidade do ovo e Ãssea. TambÃm nÃo houve efeito significativo do nÃvel de calcÃrio grosso na raÃÃo sobre o desempenho e qualidade do ovo, entretanto apresentou efeito sobre a qualidade Ãssea. Entre os programas de luz, observou-se que o uso de luz artificial apresentou ovos com maiores valores de unidade Haugh em relaÃÃo Ãs aves que receberam apenas luz natural. Com relaÃÃo ao comportamento alimentar nÃo houve interaÃÃo significativa entre os fatores calcÃrio, luz e horÃrio. Contudo, houve efeito significativo entre a interaÃÃo (luz e horÃrio), observou-se um maior consumo nas aves sem luz artificial em relaÃÃo aos com luz artificial nos horÃrios de 6h Ãs 9h40min e 12h40min Ãs 17h40min e efeito na interaÃÃo (calcÃrio e horÃrio), observou-se que no horÃrio de 6h Ãs 9h40min, o aumento do consumo, correspondeu ao aumento gradativo do calcÃrio grosso na raÃÃo. Para poedeiras comerciais no primeiro ciclo de postura, criadas nas coordenadas geogrÃficas em que se desenvolveu a pesquisa, as mudanÃas na granulometria do calcÃrio proporcionou uma melhora na qualidade Ãssea das aves e a utilizaÃÃo da luz artificial pode favorecer a qualidade do albÃmen medida em unidade Haugh.
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Dang, Phuong Ngoc. "READILY IMPLANTABLE HIGH DENSITY STEM CELL SYSTEMS WITH CONTROLLED GROWTH FACTOR PRESENTATION FROM BIOACTIVE MICROPARTICLES FOR BONE REGENERATION VIA ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1421864780.

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O'neal, Lori L. "What’s in Your Toolbox? Examining Tool Choices at Two Middle and Late Woodland-Period Sites on Florida’s Central Gulf Coast." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6340.

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The examination of the tools that prehistoric people crafted for subsistence and related practices offers distinctive insights into how they lived their lives. Most often, researchers study these practices in isolation, by tool type or by material. However, by using a relational perspective, my research explores the tool assemblage as a whole including bone, stone and shell. This allows me to study the changes in tool industries in relation to one another, something that I could not accomplish by studying only one material or tool type. I use this broader approach to tool manufacture and use for the artifact assemblage from Crystal River (8CI1) and Roberts Island (8CI41), two sequential Middle and Late Woodland Period (A.D. 1-1050) archaeological sites on the central Gulf coast of Florida. The results of my research show that people made different choices, both in the type of material they used and the kind of tools they manufactured during the time they lived at these sites as subsistence practices shifted. Evidence of these trends aligns with discrete changes in strata within our excavations. The timing of depositional events and the artifacts found within each suggest people also used the sites differently through time. These trends exemplify the role of crafting tools in the way people maintain connections with their mutable social and physical world.
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Xavier, Regina Patrícia de Souza. "Granulometria do calcário para podeiras comerciais submetidas ou não á iluminação artificial." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/14123.

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XAVIER, R. P. S. Granulometria do calcário para podeiras comerciais submetidas ou não á iluminação artificial. 2013. 50 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Zootecnia) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2013.
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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of particle size of the limestone and the use of artificial light on feeding behavior, performance, egg quality and bone of laying hens. A total of 300 Hisex White hens at 18 weeks of age, distributed in a completely randomized design in factorial 5 x 2, with 5 replicates of 6 birds. The factors studied were 5 granulometries obtained by increasing the proportion of coarse limestone (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) compared to 2 types of thin and light, with and without artificial light. No significant interaction between factors (size x lighting program) for all parameters evaluated on performance, egg quality and bone. There was also no significant effect on the level of coarse limestone in diets on performance and egg quality, however had an effect on bone quality. Among the light programs, showed that the use of artificial light showed eggs with higher Haugh Units compared to birds that received only natural light. With respect to feeding behavior no significant interaction between factors limestone, light and time. However, significant effects of the interaction (light and time), there was a higher consumption in birds without artificial light in relation to artificial light during the hours of 6am to 9h40min and 12:40 to 17:40 and the interaction effect (limestone and time) , it was observed that at the time of 6am to 9h40min, increased consumption, corresponded to the gradual increase in the ration of coarse limestone. For laying hens in the first laying cycle, created in geographic coordinates that developed in the research, changes in particle size of limestone provided an improvement in bone quality of the birds and the use of artificial light may favor albumen quality as Haugh unit.
O experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da granulometria do calcário e do uso da luz artificial sobre o comportamento alimentar, desempenho, qualidade do ovo e óssea de poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 300 poedeiras Hisex White com 18 semanas de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com 5 repetições de 6 aves. Os fatores estudados foram 5 granulometrias obtidas pelo aumento da proporção de calcário grosso (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%) em relação ao fino e 2 tipos de iluminação, com e sem luz artificial. Não houve interação significativa entre os fatores (granulometria x programa de luz) para os parâmetros avaliados sobre desempenho, qualidade do ovo e óssea. Também não houve efeito significativo do nível de calcário grosso na ração sobre o desempenho e qualidade do ovo, entretanto apresentou efeito sobre a qualidade óssea. Entre os programas de luz, observou-se que o uso de luz artificial apresentou ovos com maiores valores de unidade Haugh em relação às aves que receberam apenas luz natural. Com relação ao comportamento alimentar não houve interação significativa entre os fatores calcário, luz e horário. Contudo, houve efeito significativo entre a interação (luz e horário), observou-se um maior consumo nas aves sem luz artificial em relação aos com luz artificial nos horários de 6h às 9h40min e 12h40min às 17h40min e efeito na interação (calcário e horário), observou-se que no horário de 6h às 9h40min, o aumento do consumo, correspondeu ao aumento gradativo do calcário grosso na ração. Para poedeiras comerciais no primeiro ciclo de postura, criadas nas coordenadas geográficas em que se desenvolveu a pesquisa, as mudanças na granulometria do calcário proporcionou uma melhora na qualidade óssea das aves e a utilização da luz artificial pode favorecer a qualidade do albúmen medida em unidade Haugh.
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Books on the topic "Bones and shells"

1

The politics of bones. Toronto: M&S, 2005.

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Goren, Yaʻaḳov. Berl Repṭur: Ḥazon be-maʻaśeh ha-yom-yom. Ramat Efʻal: Yad Ṭabenḳin, Merkaz meḥḳari, raʻyoni ṿe-teʻudi shel ha-T.Ḳ.M., 1995.

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Goren, Ya'akov. Berl Repeṭur: Ḥazon be-maʻaśeh ha-yom-yom. Ramat Efʻal: Yad Ṭabenḳin, 1995.

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Bones, Horns The. 2000 World Market Forecasts for Imported Bones, Horns, Ivory, Hooves, Claws, Coral, and Shells. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Bones, Horns, Ivory, Hooves, Claws, Coral, and Shells: A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The World Market for Bones, Horns, Ivory, Hooves, Claws, Coral, and Shells: A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Bones, Horns, Ivory, Hooves, Claws, Coral, and Shells in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Bones, Horns, Ivory, Hooves, Claws, Coral, and Shells in China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Bones, Horns, Ivory, Hooves, Claws, Coral, and Shells in United States. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Bones, Horns The, Horns, Ivory, Hooves, Claws, Coral, The Bones, and Shells Research Group. The 2000 World Forecasts of Bones, Horns, Ivory, Hooves, Claws, Coral, and Shells Export Supplies (World Trade Report). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bones and shells"

1

Mani, Varghese. "Orthognathic Surgery for Mandible." In Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician, 1477–512. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1346-6_68.

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AbstractMandible, a horseshoe shaped bone of the facial skeleton, is one of the sturdy bones in humans. Prominent chin is a unique feature of anatomically modern man in comparison with his anthropological ancestors. The simian shelf has reduced to two genial tubercles to which two muscles are attached. The neck of the condyle has narrowed and acts as a buffer to budge by fracture if there is a severe force on the prominent chin. These evolutionary changes facilitated increased space for the tongue as men started articulation. It articulates with the temporal bone by two inter-dependent Temporo-mandibular joints. Mandible is important in both function and aesthetics.Mandible can be cut into multiple pieces and re-arranged and fixed to achieve aesthetic and functional changes. Facial bones have a tremendous capacity to regenerate and heal provided proper blood supply is ensured to the cut segments. Ostoetomies of the mandible can be done on ramus, body, chin, dento-alveolar region, inferior border, etc. Most of these procedures are done intraorally. Technological advancements have aided orthognathic surgery at large. This chapter envisages to elaborate different techniques of osteotomy of mandible.
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Banning, Edward B. "Bone and Shell Tools." In The Archaeologist's Laboratory, 231–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47992-3_14.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Bone Dry Bleached Shellac." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_1501.

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John, Antoni. "Numerical Analysis of Solid and Shell Models of Human Pelvic Bone." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 764–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45262-1_90.

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Hui, Zou Xiao, Shen Wei Liang, Boon Chin Heng, and Ouyang Hong Wei. "Bone Reconstruction Utilizing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets for Cell Delivery." In Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 5, 131–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2900-1_13.

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Akerman, Kim. "The esoteric and decorative use of bone, shell, and teeth in Australia." In The Archaeology of Portable Art, 199–219. New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315299112-13.

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Chen, Bin, Xiang He Peng, and Shi Tao Sun. "Investigation to the Cross Microstructure of Hydroxyapatite Sheets of a Cannon Bone." In Bioceramics 20, 479–82. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-457-x.479.

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Bindseil, Ulrich, and Alessio Fotia. "Economic Accounts and Financial Systems." In Introduction to Central Banking, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70884-9_1.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces the system of accounts of the main sectors of the economy (households; non-financial corporations, the government; banks, and the central bank), describing how these sectors are interrelated through financial claims and liabilities. A financial system, consisting of commercial banks and the central bank, manages flows of funds originating from households, without these flows causing a need for the real sectors to liquidate illiquid real assets. The basic types of assets and liabilities are: real goods, gold, banknotes, deposits, bonds, loans, and equity. We explain how the shortcomings of both IOU and commodity-money based financial systems can be solved via establishing a central bank. A central bank is defined here by its balance sheet and central bank money is the central bank’s basic liability. Both monetary policy implementation and lender of last resort issues relate to liquidity flows within balance sheets. Understanding the logic of basic financial flows is therefore the basis for understanding central banking.
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von Weizsäcker, Carl Christian, and Hagen M. Krämer. "Land." In Saving and Investment in the Twenty-First Century, 105–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75031-2_5.

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AbstractPrivate wealth is comprised in part of capitalized future land rents. The Golden Rule of Accumulation is preserved even if we introduce land into our meta-model. Urban land is far more valuable than agricultural land. The risk tied to land leads to a reduction in its value in the form of a “risk premium” α > 0. Land rents can be taxed without any possibility of the tax being passed on to tenants and without loss of efficiency. If the tax is offset by a reduction in income tax, their taxation can even give rise to efficiency gains and positive distributive effects. The possibility of government intervention in the residential rental market represents a further risk for landowners. The sensitivity of the value of land to changes in the interest rate and hence the risk premium α rise with falling interest rates. In light of these many different risks, land as investment can only to a limited extent be a substitute for government bonds and hence for increasing private wealth by way of public debt. We calculate the value of land as asset category in the OECD plus China region. To this end, we primarily rely on data from statistical offices that provide figures for land in their national balance sheets. Our calculations show that the value of land in the countries of the OECD plus China region is about twice annual consumption in the region.
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Owusu Asimeng, Bernard, David Walter Afeke, and Elvis Kwason Tiburu. "Biomaterial for Bone and Dental Implants: Synthesis of B-Type Carbonated Hydroxyapatite from Biogenic Source." In Biomaterials. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92256.

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There are several sources from which hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be obtained and may be broadly categorized as synthetic or biogenic. Elevated interest in recent times has pushed for the development of several procedures for extracting HAp from biogenic wastes due to their excellent composition and morphology resemblance to the human calcified tissue (B-type carbonated HAp). Notable biogenic sources reported for HAp extraction span bovine bones, fish scales, corals, eggshells, and snails among other calcium-rich sources. However, most of the synthetic methods are laborious and therefore result in high production costs. In this chapter, we discuss the synthesis of B-type carbonate substituted HAp from an untapped biogenic source, Achatina achatina shells, using a simple precipitation method and a controlled heat-treatment method. This unique treatment method affected the substitution resulting in different crystallographic parameters and revealed a novel material for bone implants and enamel applications.
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Conference papers on the topic "Bones and shells"

1

Wang, Aimin, Yanqiang Ge, Wenying Ge, Hongyu Zhou, and Dinglei Wang. "System design for computer aided rejoining of bones/tortoise shells with inscriptions based on contour matching." In 2010 12th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icct.2010.5688700.

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Mehta, Bhavin V., and Robert J. Setlock. "Improved Prosthetic Bone Implants." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43048.

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An improved method for manufacturing prosthetic bones is examined. We are developing a new improved method for designing and manufacturing prosthetic bones that have a porous interior core covered by a solid outer shell, more closely matching the morphology of natural bone. The new method is compatible with a wide variety of materials, including polymers, metals, composites, and biodegradable scaffold materials. Use of biodegradable scaffold material holds the potential for eventual bone regeneration within and throughout the prosthesis. Regardless of the material selection, this improved type of prosthesis is expected to more closely mimic the overall material and structural properties of natural bone, including shape, strength, weight, and weight distribution. By fabricating prosthetic bones that duplicate the material and structural properties of natural bone, implants could be made to operate as precision replacements, feeling and functioning exactly like natural bone. In addition to improving patient comfort, these new prostheses are expected to reduce the occurrence of unnatural secondary wear patterns caused by current style prosthetic bones that function in unnatural fashions due to their non-matching material and structural properties.
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Elenes, Egleide Y., Esra Roan, Ruxandra C. Marinescu, and Haden A. Janda. "Development and Validation of a 2D/3D Finite Element Model of a Composite Hemipelvis." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39407.

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The use of mechanical analogue composite bone models for a range of biomechanical analyses and testing procedures has grown rapidly since their introduction by Sawbones (Pacific Research Laboratories, Inc., Vashon, WA). The advantages of these composite bones over cadaveric human bones include less variability among specimens, ready availability, lower costs and ease of handling. The fourth generation of Sawbones is now commercially available, which include human femurs, tibiae, humeri and hemipelves. A number of these composite bone models have been mechanically evaluated, i.e. the femur and tibia models, but others such as the hemipelvis have been neglected. However, the composite hemipelvis has been used in several biomechanical research studies; therefore, mechanical validation of the hemipelvis is required. For this study, a robust finite element (FE) model was constructed to investigate the mechanical behavior of a composite left hemipelvis bone model. A computer tomography (CT) scan of the analogue was obtained to produce a computer aided volumetric model. This model was imported and discretized in ABAQUS (Simulia, Providence, RI). In order to reduce computational costs, two-dimensional (2D) shell elements were used to mesh the thin cortical bone layer, while the cancellous bone region was meshed with solid, three-dimensional (3D) tetrahedral elements. A series of FE tests were performed on various shell-solid element domains, to ensure the use of 2D shell elements to model the cortical layer. Once the shell-solid approach was confirmed, a FE model of the hemipelvis was constructed and validated against strain gauge data from quasi-static loading experiments. Three rosette strain gauges (Vishay Micro-Measurements, Raleigh, NC) were mounted on regions of interest along the pubic body, inferior ramus and ischium of the composite hemipelvis. The hemipelvis was fully restrained in a custom-built fixture while quasi-statically loaded using an MTS Mini Bionix II to control the application of 600 N (MTS Systems Corp, Eden Prairie, MN). Maximum and minimum principal strains were calculated from the strain gauge readings and compared to FE predictions of strain at the mounting location of the strain gauges.
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Carvalho, M. L. "Synchrotron Radiation and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Applications on Elemental Distribution in Human Hair and Bones." In X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1536414.

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Badding, Bruce, Manoj Bhalerao, John P. Dowell, Ramesh Gambheera, and Sairam Sundaram. "A Method to Predict Fretting in Diesel Engine Connecting Rod Bearing Bores." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0832.

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The highly dynamic nature of the loads imposed by the rotating and reciprocating components of diesel engines makes this machine highly susceptible to fretting fatigue problems. The authors have developed a method to predict the potential for fretting damage between the connecting rod and its big-end bearing shells. This method uses the ABAQUS finite element software package to conduct detailed contact analysis at the interface between the bearing shells and the connecting rod under the applied loads of the engine operating cycle. This analysis can be performed at the design stage, given the geometry of the connecting rod assembly and the data necessary to calculate the loads. Experimental measurements of the coefficient of friction between the bearing shell and the connecting road are presented, since this is an important factor in the contact analysis. Correlations of the predicted fretting damage to observed fretting locations from engine operation are presented for two variants of connecting rod design. As with any design analysis method, caution must be exercised in the application of the technique to new cases and in the interpretation of the results.
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Platzman, P. M. "Probing the nature of hydrogen bonds with x-rays." In X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES: 18th International Conference. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1302768.

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Mindrup, Matthew. "La Réaction Poètique of a Prepared Mind." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.677.

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Abstract: This paper explores Le Corbusier’s practice of collecting and studying everyday objects as inspiration for new architectural ideas. An avid collector of ‘objets trouves’ that Le Corbusier referred to specifically as ‘objets à réaction poètique,’ he promoted their use claiming they gave direction to an imagination that alone might not be able to detect. Perhaps the most famous object in Le Corbusier’s collection was a crab shell that he used as inspiration for the design of the roof for his Notre-Dame du Haut chapel in Ronchamp, France. Although Le Corbusier’s use of this shell is well documented in studies on his oeuvre, little attention has been given to the role he intended found objects to play in his design process. In themselves these objects, which have their own identities as shells, pinecones or pieces of bone, they do not immediately lend themselves to any architectural solution. Rather, they are evidence of Le Corbusier’s unique approach to design that relies on a what Louis Pasteur referred to as a ‘prepared mind,’ availed of all relevant data and information pertaining to a task, that can search for solutions in random object or events by spontaneously shift back and forth between analytic and associative modes of thought. Keywords: Architectural model, Ronchamp, Design method, Imagination, Play, Objet trouve. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.677
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Kale, Shreedhar P., Noshir A. Langrana, and Thomas Edwards. "Effects of Endplate Curvature on Stresses in a Vertebral Motion Segment: Finite Element Analysis." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60429.

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The vertebral endplates of the lumbosacral spine have various degrees of concavity and/or convexity. Several investigators including Seenivasan G., Goel, V. K., 1994, Liebschner et al, 2003, etc have performed finite element analysis on the vertebral bones, but the endplate curvatures are not included. Therefore, the effect of morphological details of the endplate curvatures on the stress distribution is unknown. Differences in these curvatures will increase stress in some regions and decrease stress elsewhere as the spine is compressed. In our previous study [Kale et al, 2003], lumbar vertebral endplate curvatures in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions on human cadaver lumbar vertebrae were measured. The measurements were carried out using a reverse engineering instrument, built at Rutgers University [Hsieh et al, 2002]. Six sets of measurements (on human male-female L4 lower to S1 upper endplates) were performed. The data was later used in a linear elastic cylindrical model containing cortical shell and trabecular core. The model then was modified to a more accurate model, with more realistic, characteristic kidney shaped cross section (obtained from equation by Mizrahi et al, 1993) and linearly varying height. The endplates were assigned curvatures extracted from our human cadaver data. FEA, done on both the models, showed that the endplate curvatures and their location had significant effect on the stress distribution in the vertebral bone. In the current study we have extended our bone model into a motion segment and have investigated the effects of the curvatures on the stresses in the motion segment.
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Fielding, Rebecca A., Reuben H. Kraft, X. G. Tan, Andrzej J. Przekwas, and Christopher D. Kozuch. "High Rate Impact to the Human Calcaneus: A Micromechanical Analysis." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38930.

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An “underbody blast” (UBB) is the detonation of a mine or improvised explosive device (IED) underneath a vehicle. In recent military conflicts, the incidence of UBBs has led to severe injuries, specifically in the lower extremities The foot and ankle complex, particularly the calcaneus bone, may sustain significant damage. Despite the prevalence of calcaneal injuries, this bone’s unique properties and the progression of fracture and failure have not been adequately studied under high strain rate loading. This research discusses early efforts at creating a high-resolution computational model of the human calcaneus, with primary focus on modeling the fracture network through the complex microstructure of the bone and creating micromechanically-based constitutive models that can be used within full human body models. The ultimate goal of this ongoing research effort is to develop a micromechanics-based simulation of calcaneus fracture and fragmentation due to impact loading. With the goal of determining the basic mechanisms of stress propagation through the internal structure of the calcaneus, a two-dimensional model was employed for preliminary simulations with a plane-strain approximation. In this effort, a cadaveric calcaneus was scanned to a resolution of 55 μm using an industrial micro-computed tomography (microCT) scanner. A mid-sagittal plane slice of the scan was selected and post-processed to generate a 2D finite element mesh of the calcaneus that included marrow, trabecular bone, and cortical bone elements. The calcaneus was modeled using two-dimensional quadratic plane strain elements. A fixed boundary condition was applied to the portion of the calcaneus that, in situ, would be restrained by the talus. A displacement of 1.25 mm was applied to the heel of the calcaneus over 5 ms. In a typical result, following impact, the strain and stress are propagated throughout the cortical shell and then began to radiate into the bone into the bone along the trabeculae. Local stress concentrations can be observed in the trabecular structure in the posterior region of the bone following impact. Upon impact, cortical and trabecular bone show different stresses of 13MPa and 1 MPa, respectively, and exhibit complex high frequency responses. Observed results may offer insight into the wave interactions between the different materials comprising the calcaneus, such as impedance mismatch and refraction. Pore pressure in the marrow may be another important factor to consider in understanding stress propagation in the calcaneus.
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Maeva, E. Yu. "Some Approaches of Ultrasonic Evaluation of Metal Sheets Adhesive Bonds." In QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1711719.

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Reports on the topic "Bones and shells"

1

Fingerhut Raetz, Doria. Bone tool assemblages as an aid to shell mound site typologies on the Northwest coast. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5813.

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