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Academic literature on the topic 'Bones - Grafting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bones - Grafting"

GOTO, T., S. YOKOKURA, H. KAWANO, A. YAMAMOTO, K. MATSUDA, and K. NAKAMURA. "Simple Curettage without Bone Grafting for Enchondromata of the Hand: With Special Reference to Replacement of the Cortical Window." Journal of Hand Surgery 27, no. 5 (October 2002): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2002.0843.

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We studied 23 patients (25 bones) with enchondromata of the hand which were treated with simple curettage without bone grafting. The cortical window was replaced in 18 bones (group A), whereas it was not replaced in six bones (group B). In one bone, only half of the cortical window was replaced. Local recurrence was not seen in any patient. Although bone grafting was not performed, new bone formation was observed in all the patients. Radiographic and functional results were excellent in most bones. Restoration of the continuity of the cortex was seen at 3 (range, 1.5–4) months in group A and 8 (range, 6–12) month s in group B. This restoration is important for the recovery of mechanical strength and we therefore consider that the cortical window should be replaced, unless this is impractical.

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Kawamoto, Henry K. "Elective osteotomies and bone grafting of irradiated midfacial bones." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 15 (January 1987): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-5182(87)80050-1.

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WAIZENEGGER, M. "Intraosseous Ganglia of Carpal Bones." Journal of Hand Surgery 18, no. 3 (June 1993): 350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(93)90061-j.

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25 patients with 26 intraosseous ganglia in carpal bones are described, 14 in the scaphoid and 12 in the lunate. In most cases, attention was drawn to the lesion when X-rays were performed after a recent injury to the wrist. Typically, they occurred eccentrically and were surrounded by a radio-dense rim of bone. In a few cases the cortex was breached but never expanded by the lesion. Curettage and bone grafting were performed only if symptoms persisted and no other source for the pain could be found. Most contained the typical jelly-like material also found in soft tissue ganglia and the histology showed an identical structure. A suggested format for the management of these lesions is presented.

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Donaldson, Sandra E., Josie Chundamala, Suzanne Yandow, and James G. Wright. "Treatment for unicameral bone cysts in long bones: an evidence based review." Orthopedic Reviews 2, no. 1 (May 11, 2010): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/or.2010.e13.

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The purpose of this paper is to perform an evidence based review for treatment of unicameral bone cysts. A search of MEDLINE (1966 to 2009) was conducted and the studies were classified according to levels of evidence. This review includes only comparative Level I-III studies. The systematic review identified 16 studies. There is one level I study, one level II study and the remaining 14 studies are level III. Seven of the sixteen studies had statistically different results: three studies indicated that steroid injection was superior to bone marrow injection or curettage and bone grafting; one study indicated that cannulated screws were superior to steroid injections; one study indicated resection and myoplasty was superior to steroid injection; one study indicated a combination of steroid, demineralized bone matrix and bone marrow aspirate, and curettage and bone grafting were superior to steroid injection; and one study indicated that curettage and bone grafting was superior to non-operative immobilization. Based on one Level I study, including a limited number of individuals, steroid injection seems to be superior to bone marrow injection. As steroid injections have already demonstrated superiority over bone marrow injections in a randomized clinical trial, the next step would be a prospective trial comparing steroid injections with other treatments.

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Dhillon, Mandeep S., Baldev Singh, Shivinder S. Gill, Ranjana Walker, and Onkar Nath Nagi. "Management of Giant Cell Tumor of the Tarsal Bones: A Report of Nine Cases and a Review of the Literature." Foot & Ankle 14, no. 5 (June 1993): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079301400506.

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Giant cell tumor of the tarsal bones is uncommon and therapeutic options are ill defined. We report on nine cases of giant cell tumors of the tarsal bones treated by excision of the complete bone in 6 cases, partial excision in 1 case, and curettage and bone grafting in two cases. There was no recurrence at an average 25.8-month follow-up. Function after calcanectomy was satisfactory. Excision of the talus may or may not be followed by arthrodesis, but arthrodesis is essential after excision of all the other tarsal bones except the calcaneus. We advocate aggressive surgical measures in these cases; amputation should be reserved for recurrences only. Satisfactory function may be expected after excision of tarsal bones.

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McBride, T. J., D. P. A. Jewell, and S. C. Deshmukh. "BONE GRAFTING IN FOUR-CORNER MID-CARPAL FUSION." Hand Surgery 17, no. 01 (January 2012): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810412720173.

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Four-corner fusion is an accepted surgical treatment for established SLAC and SNAC wrist. We describe a technique of bone grafting to be used in conjunction with any of the standard fusion techniques. A step by step, illustrated approach allows the easy placement of an autograft which is in contact with all surfaces of the bones involved in the fusion.

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Raza, Waqas, Raja Irfan Qadir, Shabir Awan, and Muhammad Abu Bakar. "Outcome of Infected Nonunion of Long Bones Treated by Single-Stage Bone Grafting and External Fixation at Northwest General Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan." Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College 10, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v10i2.585.

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Background: Infected nonunion of long bones after fractures is one of the most challenging complication to treat in clinical practice. It is commonly treated by a two-stage approach; controlling infection initially and then application of external fixator and bone graft. Treatment with Ilizarov had been the gold standard but is associated with few complications. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological and functional outcomes of infected non-union of long bones treated with single-stage bone grafting and external fixation.Material and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at Orthopedics Department of Northwest General Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan from 2014 to 2019. Medical records of 17 patients, aged 32 years and treated with Single-stage bone grafting and external fixation were reviewed. Nonunion included 7 humerii, 5 femurs, 3 tibias and 2 radius/ulna. Preoperative plain radiographs for any sequestrum or sclerosed bone margins and baseline investigations (like CBC, ESR, CRP and Vitamin-D status) were reviewed. All patients underwent radical debridement, reaming of intramedullary canals, external fixation and autogenous bone grafting. The outcomes evaluated were union of the bone (clinically and radiologically), resolution of infection, complication rate and number of re-intervention surgeries.Results: Among 17 patients, 10 were males and 7 were females. After treatment, mean follow-up duration was 9.414.48 months (4–18 months). None of the patients were lost to follow-up, had recurrence of infection or required further surgery. The mean duration of bone union was 8.4  4.48 months (range 3 to 17 months) and all of the patients achieved infection free union with satisfactory functional outcome.Conclusions: Single-stage bone grafting and external fixation is an effective technique in terms of resolution of infection and satisfactory bone union without any complications and can be used as an alternative to Ilizarov for treating cases of infected nonunion of long bones.

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Zhang, Guofeng, Sangho Cheon, and Ilhyung Park. "Evaluation of bone grafting for treatment of low-grade chondrosarcoma of long bones." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 7 (July 2021): 030006052110254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211025403.

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Objective To retrospectively analyze the biological compatibility and oncologic outcomes of autogenous, allogeneic, or combined bone grafting. Methods From April 2000 to December 2016, 37 patients with histologically confirmed low-grade intramedullary chondrosarcoma of the long bones at Kyungpook National University Hospital were enrolled in this retrospective study. All 37 patients underwent intralesional curettage (with or without cryotherapy) followed by bone grafting. Among the 24 patients who underwent cryotherapy, 13 were treated by prophylactic internal fixation (10 in the femur, 1 in the tibia, and 2 in the humerus). Thirteen patients underwent the same treatment without cryotherapy, whereas 12 did not undergo preventive internal fixation. Results A single intraoperative fracture was managed by plate fixation. One patient who underwent cryotherapy and internal fixation developed a fracture distal to the operation site 25 days after surgery, and this fracture was repaired with a long plate. None of the 37 patients showed any recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions Adequate intralesional curettage (with or without cryosurgery) combined with bone grafting using autogenous and allogeneic bone chips was effective for the treatment of low-grade intramedullary chondrosarcoma. Therefore, prophylactic internal fixation using a plate is recommended in the cryotherapy of definite cortical invasion in weight-bearing bones.

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Shimizu, Ruka, and Kazuo Kishi. "Skin Graft." Plastic Surgery International 2012 (February 6, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/563493.

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Skin graft is one of the most indispensable techniques in plastic surgery and dermatology. Skin grafts are used in a variety of clinical situations, such as traumatic wounds, defects after oncologic resection, burn reconstruction, scar contracture release, congenital skin deficiencies, hair restoration, vitiligo, and nipple-areola reconstruction. Skin grafts are generally avoided in the management of more complex wounds. Conditions with deep spaces and exposed bones normally require the use of skin flaps or muscle flaps. In the present review, we describe how to perform skin grafting successfully, and some variation of skin grafting.

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Horch, Raymund E., Adrian Dragu, Werner Lang, Paul Banwell, Mareike Leffler, Andreas Grimm, Alexander D. Bach, Michael Uder, and Ulrich Kneser. "Coverage of Exposed Bones and Joints in Critically Ill Patients: Lower Extremity Salvage with Topical Negative Pressure Therapy." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 12, no. 5 (September 2008): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7750.2008.07073.

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Background: Soft tissue defects of the limb with exposure of tendons and bones in critically ill patients usually lead to extremity amputation. A potential treatment with topical negative pressure may allow split-thickness skin grafting to the bone, which leads to limb salvage. Materials and Methods: We report on 21 multimorbid patients, 46 to 80 years of age, with severe lower limb soft tissue loss and infection with exposed bone following débridement with critical limb ischemia. Attempts to salvage the extremities were undertaken with repeated surgical débridement followed by vacuum-assisted closure therapy and subsequent split-thickness skin grafting procedures. Results: Infection control and limb salvage were achieved in all cases with multiple débridements, topical negative pressure therapy, and skin grafts. In all patients, the exposure of tendons and bones was reversible by this strategy without a free flap transfer. Discussion: The patients described in this study were severely compromised by systemic and vascular disorders, so extremity amputation had been considered owing to the overall condition and the exposure of tendons and bones. Since it was possible to salvage the affected limbs with this straightforward and simple procedure, this type of treatment should be considered as a last attempt to prevent amputation.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bones - Grafting"

Chen, Jinbiao Prince of Wales Clinical School UNSW. "In vitro and in vivo bone formation - assessment and application." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Prince of Wales Clinical School, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24922.

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Background: Bone-grafting materials are required in orthopaedic surgery to treat bone defects. Bone formation assessment is required for the development of new strategies and approaches and for quality assurance and quality control of currently available materials. Approaches to the assessment of bone formation are yet to be systematically established, quantified and standardized. Aims: the overall aim of this study was to establish a set of comprehensive quantitative approaches for the assessment of bone formation and to evaluate the role of osteoblastic cells, growth factors, and scaffolds on this process. Materials & methods: both in vitro and in vivo parameters for osteoblast phenotype and bone formation were tested in osteosarcoma cell lines, Saos-2 and U2OS cells, mesenchymal cell line, C2C12 cells, primary adipose derived stromal cells (ADSCs), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and morselized bone grafts. The in vitro parameters used were measurement of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, detection of bone nodules and biomineralization, and quantification of immunocytochemistry and conventional RT-PCR of osteoblast genotyping. In vivo parameters involved ectopic bone formation in nude mice and nude rats and a tibial defect model in nude rats. Histomorphometric and quantitative immunohistochemical analyses were also performed. Results: The in vitro characterization and ectopic bone formation capabiltity of Saos-2 and U2OS cells have been established. Saos-2 cell line, which presents many osteoblast genotype and phenotype, is a stable positive control for both in vitro and in vivo bone formation assessments. The measurement of ALP activity in both solid and liquid phases has been standardized. Both the genotype and phenotype of osteoblast lineage cells has been quantitatively assessed during the capability testing of ADSCs and PRP. Quantitative assessment of new bone formation and related protein markers in vivo has been successfully established through the testing of the biological properties of gamma irradiated morselized bone grafts. Conclusion: A comprehensive knowledge of the assessment of bone regeneration and formation in vitro and in vivo has been integrated and developed through years of study. A whole set of in vitro and in vivo approaches for the assessment of bone formation has been modified and standardized to best suit the different clinical applications. This thesis provides an outline of both in vitro and in vivo bone formation assessment and their clinical applications.

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Kluppel, Leandro Eduardo. "Influencia dos diferentes tamanhos de particulas da matriz ossea bovina anorganica no processo de reparo osseo : Analise histologica e radiografica de defeitos criados cirurgicamente em calvaria de coelhos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288695.

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Orientador: Renato Mazzonetto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T06:05:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kluppel_LeandroEduardo_M.pdf: 14531516 bytes, checksum: c01e828bcc790ef759e104126e1ff65a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar histológica e radiograficamente a influência do tamanho das partículas da matriz óssea bovina anorgânica (MOBA) sobre o processo de reparação óssea. Na calvária de 18 coelhos adultos da raça Nova Zelândia foram preparadas quatro cavidades com diâmetro de 8 milímetros, sendo duas do lado direito da sutura sagital e duas do lado esquerdo. Os defeitos foram preenchidos com osso autógeno triturado (grupo controle); MOBA de granulação grossa; MOBA de granulação média ou MOBA de granulação fina. Os animais foram sacrificados nos períodos pós-operatórios de 15, 30 e 60 dias. Antes do início do processamento histológico, as peças foram radiografadas sequencialmente. Para análise destas imagens utilizou-se como padrão de comparação o osso do crânio que não estava envolvido nas áreas de ostectomia. Desta forma, observou-se que o osso autógeno apresentava-se discretamente radiopaco inicialmente, tendendo a apresentar uma radiopacidade bastante semelhante ao tecido adjacente no período final. A MOBA de granulação grossa e média mantiveram o mesmo padrão radiográfico, sendo que aos 60 dias, o aparecimento de uma porção radiolúcida em sua porção central pode ser observada. Já a MOBA de granulação fina apresentava discreta radiolucidez no período inicial, a qual tornou-se mais intensa nos períodos sucessivos. A análise histológica demonstrou a formação de maior quantidade de osso e menos reação inflamatória no grupo controle (osso autógeno). Para o biomaterial, em todas as granulações pôde-se observar a presença de infiltrado inflamatório considerável nos períodos de 15 e 30 dias. Nos defeitos preenchidos pela MOBA de granulações grossa e média o processo de reparação transcorreu de maneira semelhante, sendo que no período final uma grande quantidade de partículas e tecido conjuntivo fibroso ainda estavam presentes na cavidade. Contrariamente, a MOBA de granulação fina proporcionou a formação de maior quantidade de tecido osteóide e as partículas foram reabsorvidas quase que em sua totalidade transcorridos 60 dias de sua implantação. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que: (1) o enxerto ósseo autógeno isoladamente proporcionou o melhor resultado em termos de reparação dos defeitos ósseos; (2) a MOBA é um material biocompatível; (3) a MOBA de granulação grossa e média não são reabsorvidas em sua totalidade no período observado; (4) a MOBA de granulação fina foi reabsorvida de forma mais intensa e proporcionou uma maior formação de tecido osteóide quando comparada às outras granulações
Abstract: The aim of this present study was to analyze, clinical and histologically, the influence of anorganic bovine bone matrix (ABBM) particle size on bone repair. Four calvarial defects of 8 millimeters each were prepared in 18 adult New Zealand rabbits, two in the right side, and two in the left side. The defects were filled with either particulate autogenous bone (control group); ABBM of large size granules; ABBM of medium size granules; or ABBM of small size granules. The animals were sacrificed at 15, 30, and 60 days after surgery. The samples were radiographic examined before being submitted to histological processing. The analysis of these radiographic images was performed by comparing them with images of the cranial bone not involved with the areas of osteotomy. Thus, it was observed that autogenous bone showed a slight radiopacity at the beginning which was increased at the final period, being very similar to the adjacent bone tissue in terms of radiopacity. The large and medium size ABBM particles maintained the same radiographic behavior, showing a radiolucid area in the central portion of the defect at 60 days. On the other hand, the ABBM of small size granules showed a slight radiolucity at the initial period, which was increased at the subsequent periods. The histological analysis showed a more intense bone formation within the control group (autogenous bone). With regards to the biomaterial, it was observed that all three particle sizes resulted in inflammatory infiltration at 15 and 30 days. The bone repair at the defects filled with ABBM of medium or large size granules was similar to each other, with the presence of a large amount of remaining particles and fibrous connective tissue in the defect at the final period. In contrast, ABBM of small size granules lead to a greater amount of osteoid tissue, and the particles were almost totally reabsorbed within 60 days of implantation. Based on these results, it was concluded that: (1) autogenous bone graft lead to the best result in terms of bone defect repair; (2) ABBM is a biocompatible material; (3) ABBM of large and medium size granules are not totally reabsorbed at the observed period; (4) ABBM of small size granules was more intensively reabsorbed, and lead to a greater osteoid tissue formation when compared to the medium and large ABBM granules
Mestrado
Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

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Wong, Wing-Kit Ricky, and 黃永傑. "Bone induction using Simvastatin and Gusuibu." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31246126.

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Wojtowicz, Abigail M. "Genetically-engineered bone marrow stromal cells and collagen mimetic scaffold modification for healing critically-sized bone defects." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34705.

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Non-healing bone defects have a significant socioeconomic impact in the U.S. with approximately 600,000 bone grafting procedures performed annually. Autografts and allografts are clinically the most common treatments; however, autologous donor bone is in limited supply, and allografts often have poor mechanical properties. Therefore, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies are being developed to address issues with clinical bone grafting. The overall objective of this work was to develop bone tissue engineering strategies that enhance healing of orthotopic defects by targeting specific osteogenic cell signaling pathways. The general approach included the investigation of two different tissue engineering strategies, which both focused on directed osteoblastic differentiation to promote bone formation. In the first cell-based strategy, we hypothesized that constitutive overexpression of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor, Runx2, in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) would promote orthotopic bone formation in vivo. We tested this hypothesis by delivering Runx2-modified BMSCs on synthetic scaffolds to critically-sized defects in rats. We found that Runx2-modified BMSCs significantly increased orthotopic bone formation compared to empty defects, cell-free scaffolds and unmodified BMSCs. This gene therapy approach to bone regeneration provides a mineralizing cell source which has clinical relevance. In the second biomaterial-based strategy, we hypothesized that incorporation of the collagen-mimetic peptide, GFOGER, into synthetic bone scaffolds would promote orthotopic bone formation in vivo without the use of cells or growth factors. We tested this hypothesis by passively adsorbing GFOGER onto poly-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds and implanting them into critically-sized orthotopic defects in rats. We found that GFOGER-coated scaffolds significantly increased bone formation compared to uncoated scaffolds in a dose dependent manner. Development of this cell-free strategy for bone tissue engineering provides an inexpensive therapeutic alternative to clinical bone defect healing, which could be implemented as a point of care application. Both strategies developed in this work take advantage of specific osteoblastic signaling pathways involved in bone healing. Further development of these tissue engineering strategies for bone regeneration will provide clinically-relevant treatment options for healing large bone defects in humans by employing well-controlled signals to promote bone formation and eliminating the need for donor bone.

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Herbert, Amy Angharad. "Bone grafting : tissue treatment and osseointegration." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55547/.

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Bone grafts fill skeletal defects and provide a structure upon which new bone can be deposited. There is no standard method of storing bone prior to grafting, the three main storage regimes being stored fresh frozen at -80°C, gamma irradiated or freeze dried. The initial aim of this project was to determine how osteoblastic cells behaved when exposed to bone treated in the above ways. It was found that sterilisation of bone with gamma irradiation caused cell death in a number of the cells that came into contact with it. Therefore the use of gamma irradiation for grafting is contraindicated, a similar observation was observed for freeze-dried bone whereas cells grew and differentiated on fresh frozen tissue. The second aim of this study was to develop a system whereby bone marrow cells could be expanded in culture and retain their osteogenic potential so that they would be suitable for either coating a bone graft (thus increasing the rate of osseointegration of the graft) or used alone to treat small bone defects. Rodent bone marrow was used in a variety of cultures and bone formation was induced by either BGJ-b medium or ECCM (Endothelial cell conditioned medium). Control cultures were grown in alpha modification minimum essential medium. ECCM was overall found to produce a greater number of cells at the end of the incubation periods studied than BGJ-b medium. BGJ-b medium preferentially selected mineralization over cell proliferation under all of the culture conditions studied (monolayers, collagen gels and organ cultures). This medium would be best suited to forming small pieces of bone rapidly from bone marrow, to fill small bone defects such as those seen in the dental field. ECCM produced large numbers of osteogenic cells, which could potentially be used to coat large bone grafts.

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Mak, Siu Yan. "Mechanical factors influencing impaction bone grafting." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486839.

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Impaction grafting for bone stock loss in revision total hip arthroI;>lasty has been used for over a decade. This technique typically involves the insertion of a cemented highly polished stem into impacted morsellised allograft bone. The aim is to compensate for the bone stock loss after failed primary hip arthroplasty and to provide a mechanical and biological scaffold for mechanical support and bone remodelling. The primary objective of this study is to quantify and optimise the graft properties so as to provide maximum supportive forces to the stem, and, at' the same time, to minimise the amount of per.:operative and post-operative femoral fractures. More than 60 parameters that could affect the mechanical properties of graft have been identified. Porcine bone from femoral heads was used in the study which was primarily divided into two parts: fundamental studies of the graft material, and in-vitro mechanical testing to replicate the clinical application of impaction bone grafting. Various techniques of graft preparation including defatting of the graft were investigated. A die-plunger was employed to perform uni-axial compressive testing on the graft at varying strain rates. It was found that defatted' graft demonstrated higher stiffness. Higher rates of loading resulted in increases in stiffness, hoop strain, axial force and Poisson's ratio. Preloading of the graft provided more predictable mechanical characteristics. Cyclic compressive testing showed th~t individual graft particles fractured during compression. In addition, it was found that the graft demonstrated increased viscoelastic properties at higher strain rates. In-vitro mechanical testing was also performed to compare the level of mechanical stability of a cemented polished stem with a larger uncemented polished stem. Composite femora were '' used for this comparison. It was found that the cemented stem showed higher mechanical stability in terms of the level of micromotion and migration, and uncemented stem failed in a catastrophic manner. The study provided information on how various factors contributed to the mechanical behaviour of bone graft and identified parameters that should be used when in-vitro testing of bone graft materials for use in impaction grafting.

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Twitty, Anne. "The expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase during the early stages of bone graft healing." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21804023.

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Dattani, Rupen. "Femoral impaction grafting : using bone graft substitutes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444261/.

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Background: Femoral impaction allografting to reconstitute bone loss during revision hip surgery has shown excellent results. However, limitations with the use of allografts have warranted research to investigate if bone graft substitutes could be a suitable alternative to replace or augment allograft in impaction grafting.;Aims and Methods: The objectives of this thesis were to assess if: The use of hydroxyapatite (HA) in various combinations with allograft will be biologically effective and functionally stable using a cemented impaction grafting technique in an ovine hemiarthroplasty model. The different treatment groups were compared by measuring the ground reaction forces and new bone formation. The addition of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to allograft, HA or an allograft:HA mixture enhances the amount of new bone formation compared with impaction of the scaffold alone in an ovine metaphyseal femoral bone defect model. The architecture of the HA scaffold influences bone formation in an extra-skeletal sheep model.;Results: HA: allograft mixture of up to 90:10 demonstrated similar functional stability and amount of new bone formation as a 50:50 mixture. Addition of MSCs to allograft or a 50:50 allograft:HA mixture enhances the amount of new bone formation compared with unimpacted constructs. HA either alone or combined with MSCs induces bone growth only when constructed in block form and not in identical porous granular form.;Conclusion: HA is a suitable bone substitute to augment allograft and may be replace bone graft completely in impaction grafting of a femoral component. This has important clinical implications as HA is readily available, easy to use in surgery and not associated with the adverse effects encountered with allografts. The use of MSCs in the treatment of osteolysis holds great potential but further work is required to assess if this technology is transferable to humans.

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黃美娟 and May-kuen Alice Wong. "Bone induction of demineralized intramembranous and endochondral bone matrices." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3197305X.

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Wong, May-kuen Alice. "Bone induction of demineralized intramembranous and endochondral bone matrices." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21872752.

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Books on the topic "Bones - Grafting"

Current trends in bone grafting. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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Beth, Peshman, and Faulkner Robert F, eds. Manual of dental implants: A reference guide for diagnosis & treatment. 2nd ed. Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp, 2009.

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Mehta, Samir. Orthobiologics: Improving fracture care through science. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Wiliams & Wilkins, 2007.

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Marx, Robert E. Atlas of oral and extraoral bone harvesting. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub., 2010.

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R, Stevens Mark, ed. Atlas of oral and extraoral bone harvesting. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub., 2010.

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Marx, Robert E. Atlas of oral and extraoral bone harvesting. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub., 2010.

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Marx, Robert E. Atlas of oral and extraoral bone harvesting. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub., 2010.

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1962-, Rasmusson Lars, and Zellin Göran 1962-, eds. Bone grafting techniques for maxillary implants. Oxford: Blackwell Munksgaard, 2005.

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DeVries, Wilma J. The effect of volume variations on the osteogenic capabilities of autogenous cancellous bone graft in the dog. Charlottetown: University of Prince Edward Island, 1991.

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N, Rodi͡u︡kova E., and Bocharov E. F, eds. Reakt͡s︡ii organizma na transplantat͡s︡ii͡u︡ kostnoĭ tkani. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo "Nauka," Sibirskoe otdelenie, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bones - Grafting"

Czitrom, A. A. "Bone Banking." In Bone Implant Grafting, 209–11. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1934-0_26.

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Sheikh, Zeeshan, Siavash Hasanpour, and Michael Glogauer. "Bone Grafting." In Mandibular Implant Prostheses, 155–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71181-2_9.

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Czitrom, A. A. "Immunology of Bone Grafting." In Bone Implant Grafting, 3–7. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1934-0_1.

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Chandler, H. P. "Revision of the Acetabular Component." In Bone Implant Grafting, 63–69. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1934-0_10.

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Gross, A. E. "Banked Allograft Bone for Proximal Femoral Deficiency." In Bone Implant Grafting, 73–75. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1934-0_11.

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Loty, B., and M. Postel. "Allograft Bone in Major Revision Hip Replacement Surgery." In Bone Implant Grafting, 77–90. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1934-0_12.

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Paprosky, W. G. "The Use of Femoral Strut Grafts in Cementless Revision Arthroplasty." In Bone Implant Grafting, 91–100. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1934-0_13.

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Hedley, A. K. "Allografts in Major Revision Total Hip Surgery." In Bone Implant Grafting, 101–10. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1934-0_14.

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Goldberg, V. M. "Bone Grafting in Revision Total Hip Surgery." In Bone Implant Grafting, 111–15. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1934-0_15.

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Delloye, C., and A. Vincent. "The Use of Massive Proximal Femoral Allografts in Hip Surgery." In Bone Implant Grafting, 117–24. London: Springer London, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1934-0_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bones - Grafting"

Slaoui, Idriss, Makeda K. Stephenson, Huma Abdul Rauf, Douglas E. Dow, and Sally S. Shady. "Stress Analysis of Bone Scaffold Designed for Segmental Bone Defects." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53398.

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Segmental bone defects result in isolated bone fragments. These defects may be caused by trauma or disease and are a leading cause for orthopedic surgery. Segmental defects pose a challenge as they contain gaps between the ends of bones, which are too large for the regenerating tissue to naturally bridge and repair. A widely used clinical approach to repair such defects is the use of autografts that provide the essential bone growth features. However, autografts generate a secondary deficit in the region from which the graft was harvested. This grafting procedure may result in other complications, such as infections, inflammation, scarring, and bleeding. Synthetic bone scaffolding has been explored as a viable method of helping the body repair segmental bone defects. While synthetic bone scaffolding is a promising approach in orthopedic treatments, limitations exist. Bone is a complex organ with many cell types, emergent, anisotropic, mechanical properties and molecular interactions. Studies have shown that the inner geometries, such as pore size, play an integral role in bone regeneration, cell proliferation, differentiation and recovery. An architecturally-based approach in the design and fabrication of the scaffold may support the differentiation of complex bone tissues. This study developed and tested scaffold designs having different pore size and beam thickness. The designs were developed and simulated for compression and tension in SolidWorks. A hexagonal unit cell was the basis for scaffold design. In one experimental trial (Group 1), the offset of the layers was varied. In another experimental trial (Group 2), the ratio between pore size and beam thickness was varied while using the optimal offset from the former trial. The material for simulation was poly-L-lactic (PLA) acid. In the analysis of the simulation results, the optimal layer offset configuration of 100%,50% in the positive x-y direction showed the lowest stress distribution for both compression and tensile simulations compared to the other offset configurations analyzed. In the second trial of Group 2 models, two models with pore size to beam thickness ratios (7:1 and 8:1) demonstrated low stress distribution under the simulated physiological environments. These results suggest that both models can potentially have different applications in the repair of segmental bone defects.

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Mahmoud, Abdelrahman, Mohammed Naser, Mahmoud Abdelrasool, Khalid Jama, Mohamed Hussein, Asma Abdulkareem, Peter Kasak, and Anton Popelka. "Development of PLA Fibers as an Antimicrobial Agent with Enhanced Infection Resistance using Electrospinning/Plasma Technology." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0079.

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Humans are vulnerable and easily prone to all kind of injuries, diseases, and traumas that can be damaging to their tissues (including its building unit, cells), bones, or even organs. Therefore, they would need assistance in healing or re-growing once again. Medical scaffolds have emerged over the past decades as one of the most important concepts in the tissue-engineering field as they enable and aide the re-growth of tissues and their successors. An optimal medical scaffold should be addressing the following factors: biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical properties, scaffold architecture/porosity, precise three-dimensional shape and manufacturing technology. There are several materials utilized in the fabrication of medical scaffolds, but one of the most extensively studied polymers is polylactic acid (PLA). PLA is biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester that is derived from naturally produced lactic acid. PLA is characterized with its excellent mechanical properties, biodegradability, promising eco-friendly, and excellent biocompatibility. PLA can be fabricated into nanofibers for medical scaffolds used through many techniques; electrospinning is one of the widely used methods for such fabrication. Electrospinning is a favorable technique because in the preparation of scaffolds, some parameters such as fiber dimensions, morphology, and porosity are easily controlled. A problem that is associated with medical scaffolds, such as inflammation and infection, was reported in many cases resulting in a degradation of tissues. Therefore, a surface modification was thought of as a needed solution which mostly focuses on an incorporation of extra functionalities responsible for the surface free energy increase (wettability). Therefore, plasma technique was a favorable solution for the surface treatment and modification. Plasma treatment enables the formation of free radicals. These radicals can be easily utilized for grafting process. Subsequently, ascorbic acid (ASA) could be incorporated as anti-inflammatory and anti-infection agent on the plasma pretreated surface of scaffolds.

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Samarawickrama, Kasun G. "A Review on Bone Grafting, Bone Substitutes and Bone Tissue Engineering." In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3239438.3239457.

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Vivanco, Juan, Josh Slane, and Heidi Ploeg. "Nano-Mechanical Properties of Bioceramic Bone Scaffolds Fabricated at Three Sintering Temperatures." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53734.

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Bone grafting is an exceptionally common procedure used to repair bone defects within orthopaedics, craniofacial surgery and dentistry. It is estimated that 2.2 million grafting procedures are performed annually worldwide [1] and maintain a market share of $7 billion in the United States alone [2]. There has been a considerable rise in the interest of using bioactive ceramic materials, such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), to serve as synthetic replacements for autogenous bone grafts, which suffer from donor site morbidity and limited supply [3]. These ceramic materials (which can be formed into three-dimensional scaffolds) are advantageous due to their inherent biocompatibility, osteoconductivy, osteogenecity and osteointegrity [2].

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Ipsen, Brian J., John L. Williams, Michael J. Harris, and Thomas L. Schmidt. "Shear Strength of the Pig Capital Femoral Epiphyseal Plate: An Experimental Model for Human Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Fixation Studies." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32611.

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Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common hip disorder affecting adolescent children [1]. The etiology is not fully understood but thought to be multifactorial, related to both biological and biomechanical factors [2]. SCFE occurs when the epiphysis of the proximal femur slips in relation to the metaphysis through the growth plate, causing pain, disability and potential long-term sequellae from joint incongruity. The treatment for SCFE typically involves some form of stabilization procedure using pins, screws, bone grafting, osteotomy, or casting.

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Salaam, Amanee D., and Derrick Dean. "Electrospun Polycaprolactone-Nanodiamond Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13298.

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Every year, there are roughly 8 million bone fractures in United States [1]. In addition, approximately 2300 new cases of primary bone cancer are diagnosed each year [2]. Yet, the number of people suffering from bone disease is significantly greater; about 10 million people in the U.S. alone suffer from osteoporosis [3]. Consequently, surgeons perform nearly 500,000 bone graft operations annually making bone grafts the second most frequently transplanted materials [4]. Although there is an extremely high demand for treatment of bone abnormalities, the current grafting methods fail to meet these demands due to several limitations. Autografting has the fewest problems with rejection and pathogen transmission, however in some cases the availability may be limited or not be possible (e.g., genetic diseases). With other methods of transplantation such as allogafting and xenografting where tissue is acquired from other humans or species, respectively, the receptor’s immune system causes an increased risk of chronic rejection [5]. Notably, the major drawback with all these methods is that they often require multiple painful and invasive surgeries.

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Nagel, Thomas, Sascha Müller, Uwe-Jens Görke, Carol Muehlemann, and Markus A. Wimmer. "Depth Dependent Strain Analysis of Articular Cartilage Under Impaction Loading." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176644.

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Lesions in the cartilage of the knee can lead to degenerative arthritis of the joint. Therefore, procedures such as osteochondral grafting are used to repair the cartilage. Osteochondral grafting procedures are of interest, because the lesion is replaced with true hyaline cartilage. This procedure involves press-fitting a cylindrical bone-cartilage plug by impaction to repair the damaged cartilage area. Recently, it has been shown that impact insertion of osteochondral grafts generates damaging loads that cause chondrocyte death, particularly in the superficial zone [1]. Using high speed video analysis, it has been shown that the highest local deformations occur within the superficial zone of the osteochondral plug [2,3]. However, the exact strain condition of the tissue during impaction and any depth dependent strain differences remain unknown. Assuming uniaxial load conditions of an ideal cylinder exposed to high strain rates, the stress-strain response of cartilage plugs during the impaction process is reported in this study. We hypothesized that the highest strain levels would occur in the superficial zone. Based on the experimental results, the fundamental material effects substantial for the load case under consideration can be studied. Consequently, suitable material models for subsequent numerical simulations can be established.

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Reddy, C. Mallikarjuna, B. Ram Bhupal Reddy, E. Kesava Reddy, and K. Sesha Maheswaramma. "Finite Element Modeling of Bone by Using Hydroxyapatite As Bioactive Nanomaterial in Bone Grafting, Bone Healing and the Reduction of Mechanical Failure in the Bone Surgery." In 2011 International Conference on Nanoscience, Technology and Societal Implications (NSTSI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nstsi.2011.6111995.

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Tandon, Rahul, and Alan S. Herford. "Future of bone pathology, bone grafting, and osseointegration in oral and maxillofacial surgery: how applying optical advancements can help both fields." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Nikiforos Kollias, Bernard Choi, Haishan Zeng, Hyun Wook Kang, Bodo E. Knudsen, Brian J. Wong, Justus F. Ilgner, et al. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2001675.

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Natarajan, Raghu N., Nelson Oi, Luc Curylo, Gunnar B. J. Andersson, and Howard An. "Biomechanical Analyses of Corpectomy and Anterior Cervical Plating: A FEM Study to Assess Stability, Implant and Bone Graft Stresses in Short and Long Constructs." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32623.

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Anterior corpectomy of the cervical vertebral body is an established procedure to decompress the spinal cord for cervical spondylotic myelopathy, traumatic and neoplastic cases. Following corpectomy at one or more levels, the spinal column is typically reconstructed by strut grafting and plating. Modern plate-screw fixation systems provide improved rigidity, but complications still may occur such as screw loosening, screw pull-out, nonunion, construct failure, and injuries to adjacent vital structures. The stability of the plate-screw constructs as wells as the stresses and strains in the implant and bone graft depend on many factors including the number of motion segments fused, presence of intermediate screws and loading direction. It is hypothesized that the shorter constructs provide greater stability and reduced stresses in the implant and bone graft as compared to longer constructs, and intermediate screws in the longer constructs improve the stability. This study will investigate the biomechanical effects of plate-screw fixation in both short and long anterior fusion constructs, using a validated multi-segment cervical finite element model.

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Reports on the topic "Bones - Grafting"

Markel, Mark D. The Effect of Cementation and Autogenous Bone Grafting on Allograft Union and Incorporation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada285630.

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Markel, Mark D. The Effect of Cementation and Autogenous Bone Grafting on Allograft Union and Incorporation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada291094.

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Markel, Mark D. The Effect of Cementation and Autogenous Bone Grafting on Allograft Union and Incorporation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada276464.

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Markel, Mark D. The Effect of Cementation and Autogenous Bone Grafting on Allograft Union and Incorporation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280324.

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Forsberg, Jonathan A. Optimization of Soft Tissue Management, Spacer Design, and Grafting Strategies For Large Segmental Bone Defects Using The Chronic Caprine Tibial Defect Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613641.

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Pluhar, Grace. Optimization of Soft Tissue Management, Spacer Design, and Grafting Strategies for Large Segmental Bone Defects using the Chronic Caprine Tibial Defect Model. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613146.

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Canellas, João Vitor, Luciana Drugos, Fabio Ritto, Ricardo Fischer, and Paulo Jose Medeiros. What grafting materials produce greater new bone formation in maxillary sinus floor elevation surgery? A systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.6.0106.

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