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1

Bernard, N. E., and A. G. Salgado. "Border Collie." Revista Argentina de Radiología 80, no. 1 (January 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rard.2015.10.005.

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2

Dutta, Tulika, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya, Sandip Dey, and Jan Platos. "Border Collie Optimization." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 109177–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2999540.

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3

Frąckowiak, Hieronim, Ewa Kiryk, Szymon Graczyk, and Maciej Zdun. "Preliminary biometric characteristics of Border Collies and their dependence on sport activity." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 17, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6860.

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<b>Biometric measurements were taken on 40 dogs of both sexes, 20 females and 20 males of Border Collies. Half of the population of each sex, i.e. 10 animals (active dogs), were either currently participating in dog frisbee competitions or had recently finished their sporting careers due to age. The other half (part) of the examined Border Collies, i.e. 10 females and 10 males, were animals that were not active in sports (non-active dogs). Most of the dogs came from Polish kennels but there were also Border Collies from other countries. The following measurements were taken: trunk length, height at withers, chest girth, fore limb (metacarpal) girth, thigh length, shank length, foot length and body weight. The collected results were processed statistically and indexes of trunk length, massiveness, eurysomia and boniness were calculated. It was found that Border Collie are characterized by some biometric traits (indexes) similar to Polish hunting dogs and Polish hounds and some of their indexes are also similar to the domestic breeds of Polish sheepdogs and Polish charts. Conducted biometric analysis showed only few, i.e. concerning height at withers of females and body weight of males statistically significant differences between examined groups of Border Collies. Consequently, there was no positive verification of the research hypothesis, which assumed that the value of traits and biometric indicators of Border Collie is different in jumping dogs in connection with their participation in various disciplines of dog competition. However, it can be assumed that for the needs of the developing sports cynology, there will be a need to select dogs with predispositions for athletic performance, and a useful tool to achieve this goal will be the analysis of biometric traits of dogs. The results of measurements collected in this study and the indices calculated on their basis also extend the biometric database of Border Collie dogs.
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4

Boulineau, Theresa Marie, Lydia Andrews-Jones, and William Van Alstine. "Spontaneous Aortic Dissecting Hematoma in Two Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 17, no. 5 (September 2005): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700518.

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This report describes 2 cases of spontaneous aortic dissecting hematoma in young Border Collie and Border Collie crossbred dogs. Histology was performed in one of the cases involving an unusual splitting of the elastin present within the wall of the aorta, consistent with elastin dysplasia as described in Marfan syndrome in humans. The first case involved a young purebred Border Collie that died suddenly and the second case involved a Border Collie crossbred dog that died after a 1-month history of seizures. Gross lesions included pericardial tamponade with dissection of the ascending aorta in the former case and thoracic cavity hemorrhage, mediastinal hematoma, and aortic dissection in the latter. Histologic lesions in the case of the Border Collie crossbred dog included a dissecting hematoma of the ascending aorta with elastin dysplasia and right axillary arterial intimal proliferation.
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5

Molnár, Ticiána, Zsuzsanna Emri, and Károly Antal. "Kisagyi abiotrophia border collie kutyafajtában." Acta Universitatis de Carolo Eszterházy Nominatae. Sectio Biologiae 48 (2023): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33041/actauniveszterhazybiol.2023.48.31.

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A cerebelláris abiotrófia (CA) különböző kisagyi neurontípusok korai, progresszív degenerációját eredményezi. A border collie fajta népszerűségével a CA előfordulási gyakorisága nő. Gyógymód még nem áll rendelkezésre, az érintett állatoknak általában 6 hónapos koruktól az életminősége drasztikusan romlik, és eutanáziát hajtanak rajtuk végre. Kutatásunkban adatokat gyűjtöttünk border collie egyedekről: származásáról, betegségeiről és azok tüneteiről egy kérdőív segítségével. A kérdőívet tulajdonosok, tenyésztők és állatorvosok is kitöltötték. Hat magyarországi CA-ban szenvedő egyednél kognitív tesztet végeztünk, és összehasonlítottuk eredményeiket hat hasonló korú kontrollállat eredményeivel. A tanulmány célja az, hogy (1) összefoglalja a border collie-kkal készített, a CA tüneteivel és manifesztációjával kapcsolatos felmérés eredményeit, és (2) a CA-ban szenvedő kutyák kognitív károsodását. Kognitív teszteket eddig nem alkalmaztak a CA-val rendelkező border collie-kon. A felmérést 1587-en töltötték ki, és 55 esetet jelentettek. A tünetek hasonlóak voltak, és a 4-5 hetes kölyköknél már felismerhetően jelentkeztek. Mindkét nem érintett volt. A kognitív tesztek a szaglás és a látás károsodását mutatták ki, de a hallási percepciót vagy a figyelmet a CA nem károsította. A CA-kutyáknak több időre volt szükségük a memóriateszteken a feladat elvégzéséhez. A CA-kutyák feltárt kognitív működési zavara segítheti a betegség korai felismerését, új részleteket tár fel a betegség kialakulásáról és lefolyásáról, ezáltal támogatja a további kutatásokat.
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6

Jacobson, LS, and RM Kirberger. "Canine multiple cartilaginous exostoses: unusual manifestations and a review of the literature." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 32, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-32-1-45.

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Multiple cartilaginous exostoses were diagnosed in a two-year-old Great Dane and a four-month-old border collie. Clinically, the Great Dane showed only mild discomfort, while the border collie exhibited tetraparesis due to cervicothoracic compression. Unusual features in the Great Dane were exostoses that bridged physes, with progression after skeletal maturity. The border collie puppy's exostoses resembled tumoral calcinosis radiographically. Limb exostoses in this puppy often were para-articular, and most were not attached to the underlying bone. These features resembled metachondromatosis in humans. Analysis of previously reported cases of multiple cartilaginous exostoses indicated that the prognosis is guarded to poor.
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7

Taylor, R. M., and B. R. H. Farrow. "Ceroid-lipofuscinosis in Border Collie dogs." Acta Neuropathologica 75, no. 6 (1988): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00686209.

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8

Vandenberghe, Hélène, Nicolas Granger, and Emma Roberts. "Calls for Border collie study participants." Veterinary Record 193, no. 7 (October 6, 2023): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vetr.3529.

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9

Marelli, Stefano Paolo, Michele Polli, Stefano Frattini, Matteo Cortellari, Rita Rizzi, and Paola Crepaldi. "Genotypic and allelic frequencies of MDR1 gene in dogs in Italy." Veterinary Record Open 7, no. 1 (June 2020): e000375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreco-2019-000375.

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BackgroundA mutation in the canine multidrug resistance MDR1 gene (also referred as ABCB1), encoding for the multidrug resistance (MDR) P-glycoprotein (P-gp) transponder, causes a pathological condition known as ‘ivermectin toxicosis’. The causative mutation, known since 2001, has been described to affects sheep herding breeds related to collie lineage. The present study is a retrospective investigation of the presence of MDR1 mutated allele in Italian dog populations in a 5 years’ time lapse. The aim of the research is to offer a deep knowledge in MDR1 allelic and genotypic frequencies in canine breeds and populations raised in Italy.MethodsGenotype data for the 4-bp deletion (c296_299del4) in MDR1 gene from 811 dogs belonging to 32 breeds/populations were collected.ResultsThe mutated allele has been found in 9 out of 31 breeds: Rough Collie, Smooth Collie, Border Collie, Bearded Collie, Shetland Sheepdog, Australian Shepherd, White Swiss Shepherd, Old English Sheepdog, Whippet and also in crossbreed. The breeds with the highest allelic mutation frequency are Smooth and Rough Collies with 75 per cent and 66 per cent of mutant MDR1 allele, respectively.ConclusionsThe results support the usefulness of this genetic analysis to optimise medical care in dogs at risk of multidrug resistance and to create an objective basis in breeding programme definition and in the risk evaluation in different breeds.
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10

Barrios, N., A. Bórquez, M. Gómez, V. Tafra, and P. Sponenberg. "Estudio descriptivo del color de manto y señas del Perro Ovejero Magallánico, Chile." Archivos de Zootecnia 65, no. 249 (March 16, 2016): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/az.v65i249.447.

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El Ovejero Magallánico constituye una raza canina no reconocida oficialmente, localizada en el extremo sur de Chile en la Región de Magallanes y Antártica Chilena. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una primera descripción de la coloración del manto y señas del perro Ovejero Magallánico en una muestra de 74 caninos adultos. Los resultados de este estudio descriptivo preliminar indicaron el predominio del pigmento eumelanina en muestras de pelo de perros Ovejeros Magallánicos de la zona Austral de Chile. Se determinó la presencia de 16 fenotipos de colores de manto, predominando las coloraciones oscuras como gris pizarra, gris pizarra tricolor, azul mirlo y negro. Además, se observaron 3 colores de manto (marrón/arena, negro/marrón y arena azulado tricolor) no descritos para razas Collies. Se determinaron 12 fenotipos de señas en el manto del perro Ovejero Magallánico, observándose 2 patrones de señas (antifaz y orejas) que no se presentan en otras razas Collies. El perro Ovejero Magallánico, presentó algunas similitudes en coloración de manto y señas al ser comparadas con las razas Bearded Collie, Bobtail y Border Collie. Sin embargo, las tonalidades dentro y entre los colores observadas en el manto del Ovejero Magallánico evidencian un aspecto matizado, diferenciándolo de las razas Collie tradicionales.
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11

Cavalchini, Guidobono, S. P. Marelli, M. G. Strillacci, and M. Polli. "Inbreeding in the Border Collie Italian population." Italian Journal of Animal Science 6, sup1 (January 2007): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.66.

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12

Eminaga, S., G. B. Cherubini, and G. D. Shelton. "Centronuclear myopathy in a Border collie dog." Journal of Small Animal Practice 53, no. 10 (August 1, 2012): 608–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2012.01265.x.

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13

FOSTER, S. J., R. CURTIS, and K. C. BARNETT. "Primary lens luxation in the Border Collie." Journal of Small Animal Practice 27, no. 1 (January 1986): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1986.tb02237.x.

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14

WHEELER, SIMON J. "Sensory neuropathy in a Border Collie puppy." Journal of Small Animal Practice 28, no. 4 (April 1987): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb03882.x.

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15

Griggs, Jessica. "Border collie takes record for biggest vocabulary." New Scientist 208, no. 2792 (December 2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(10)63130-2.

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16

Schulze, C., J. Rothuizen, F. J. van Sluijs, H. A. W. Hazewinkel, and T. S. G. A. M. Ingh. "Extrahepatic biliary atresia in a border collie." Journal of Small Animal Practice 41, no. 1 (January 2000): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2000.tb03134.x.

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17

Vermeersch, K., L. Ham, K. G. Braund, S. Bhatti, M. Tshamala, K. Chiers, and E. Schrauwen. "Sensory neuropathy in two Border collie puppies." Journal of Small Animal Practice 46, no. 6 (June 2005): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00324.x.

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18

Cock, H. de, N. Mols, M. R. van Roy, R. Ducatelle, and P. Simoens. "Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome in a Border collie." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 44, no. 5 (October 1996): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.1996.35972.

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19

Shirabe, Guilherme Kenji Suguimoto, and Eduardo Fernandes Bondan. "Principais doenças genéticas em cães da raça Border Collie: uma revisão." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 16 (November 30, 2022): e91111637993. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i16.37993.

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A raça Border Collie apresenta uma alta popularidade no Brasil e possui certa suscetibilidade em expressar doenças genéticas, com distintas manifestações. A presente revisão analisa as principais doenças genéticas em cães da raça Border Collie e que podem afetar ainda outras raças de pastoreio. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de levantamento bibliográfico e possui como objetivo demonstrar especificações de cada doença, comparativo de incidência de casos no Brasil e em outros países, bem como buscar a conscientização de médicos veterinários e tutores sobre a presença e a possível reprodução dessas enfermidades quando não estudadas. Pode-se concluir que a raridade das doenças genéticas na raça Border Collie é relativa e resulta mais do desconhecimento de tutores e médicos veterinários do que propriamente de sua baixa prevalência. O controle deve ser realizado por meio de testes marcadores genéticos e de imagem, além de planejamento no cruzamento de cães para evitar a homozigose.
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Soh, Pamela Xing Yi, Mehar Singh Khatkar, and Peter Williamson. "Lymphoma in Border Collies: Genome-Wide Association and Pedigree Analysis." Veterinary Sciences 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2023): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10090581.

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There has been considerable interest in studying cancer in dogs and its potential as a model system for humans. One area of research has been the search for genetic risk variants in canine lymphoma, which is amongst the most common canine cancers. Previous studies have focused on a limited number of breeds, but none have included Border Collies. The aims of this study were to identify relationships between Border Collie lymphoma cases through an extensive pedigree investigation and to utilise relationship information to conduct genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses to identify risk regions associated with lymphoma. The expanded pedigree analysis included 83,000 Border Collies, with 71 identified lymphoma cases. The analysis identified affected close relatives, and a common ancestor was identified for 54 cases. For the genomic study, a GWAS was designed to incorporate lymphoma cases, putative “carriers”, and controls. A case-control GWAS was also conducted as a comparison. Both analyses showed significant SNPs in regions on chromosomes 18 and 27. Putative top candidate genes from these regions included DLA-79, WNT10B, LMBR1L, KMT2D, and CCNT1.
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Lee, Ji-Young, Jeong-Min Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Kun-Ho Song, and Joong-Hyun Song. "Presumptive Border Collie collapse in a dog: serial clinical observation and successful management." Korean Journal of Veterinary Research 63, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14405/kjvr.20230012.

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A 6-month-old female Border Collie presented with a history of collapse after strenuous exercise. The dog was normal between episodes but experienced loss of focus and ataxia after exercise. This is particularly noticeable under hot weather conditions. No remarkable findings were observed in the diagnostic tests. Based on these results, the patient was tentatively diagnosed with Border Collie collapse (BCC). After exercise restriction, the dog had no episode of collapse and remained clinically well with no signs until the follow-up period of 8 months was complete. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of BCC in South Korea.
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Beckers, E., M. Van Poucke, L. Ronsyn, and L. Peelman. "Frequency estimation of disease-causing mutations in the Belgian population of some dog breeds." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 85, no. 4 (August 29, 2016): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v85i4.16327.

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In light of improving breeding advice, the frequency was estimated for all the disease-causing mutations that were known at the start of the study and that are potentially relevant for a group of dog breeds, which are relatively popular or in which the genetic diversity in Belgium is low to moderately low. In this study, the results for the German shepherd dog, Malinois, Lakenois, Groenendael, Tervuren, Australian shepherd and Border collie are presented. Disorders with a frequency high enough to warrant routine genotyping for breeding programs are (1) multidrug resistance 1 and hereditary cataract for the Australian shepherd, (2) degenerative myelopathy for the German shepherd dog, Malinois and Groenendael and (3) collie eye anomaly for the Border collie. In addition, the hyperuricosuria mutation described in the German shepherd dog was not found in its Belgian population, but was, to the authors’ knowledge discovered for the first time in the Malinois.
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23

Ridge, P. A. "Isolated medial meniscal tear in a Border Collie." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 19, no. 02 (2006): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632984.

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SummaryA three-year-old, female Border Collie was successfully treated for an isolated, torn, medial meniscus by arthroscopic meniscal tear resection. The dog returned to agility competition without recurrence of lameness.
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Molnár, Ticiána, Zsuzsanna Emri, and Károly Antal. "Kisagyi abiotrophia Border Collieban." Magyar Állatorvosok Lapja 145, no. 10 (2023): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.56385/magyallorv.2023.10.585-595.

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A szerzők célja a Border Collie fajtában egyre gyakoribb kisagyi abiotrófiával kapcsolatos adatgyűjtés volt. Kérdőíves felmérésünkben 14 országból kaptak tenyésztőktől, kutyatartóktól és állatorvosoktól adatokat 55 beteg egyedről. A Magyarországon talált beteg egyedeken a korai diagnózist elősegítő viselkedésbeli eltéréseket is kerestek. A szaglás, látás, hallás, memória épségét igénylő feladatokban a legnagyobb eltérés a jutalomfalat szag alapján történő megkeresésében volt. A tesztek alatt az egészséges egyedek nyugodtabbak voltak, és a feladatokat gyorsabban végrehajtották, mint a betegek.
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Chaudieu, Gilles, and Pascale Quignon. "La rétinopathie du border collie, une maladie héréditaire mais un gène difficile à isoler." Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France 175, no. 1 (2022): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bavf.2022.71060.

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Some Border Collies, essentially males on average 4-year-old, exhibit focal or generalized retinal atrophic lesions. A following survey revealed progressive lesions and histopathology examination confirmed retinal degeneration. The hypothesis of a X-linked inheritance is supported by a genetic linkage study highlighting the X chromosome. Whole genome sequencing («short read » ) of several dogs identifies variants segregating as expected. The «long read » would allow the identification of structural variants. Variability in the phenotype might induce difficulties to point out common variants in affected dogs. Thus, a strict selection of the cases has been performed. In addition, the selection of breeding dogs on the basis of the X-linked inheritance by the French Border Collie Kennel Club enabled to decrease the frequency of the affected dogs from 20% (2001) to 7,4% (2019).
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Harkin, Kenneth R., Walter C. Cash, and G. Diane Shelton. "Sensory and motor neuropathy in a Border Collie." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 227, no. 8 (October 2005): 1263–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.2005.227.1263.

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27

Busse, Claudia, Jane Sansom, R. R. Dubielzig, and Alison Hayes. "Corneal squamous cell carcinoma in a Border Collie." Veterinary Ophthalmology 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2008): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-5224.2007.00594.x.

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28

Guilliard, M. "Central tarsal bone fracture in the border collie." Journal of Small Animal Practice 48, no. 7 (July 2007): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2006.00293.x.

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Pilley, John W., and Alliston K. Reid. "Border collie comprehends object names as verbal referents." Behavioural Processes 86, no. 2 (February 2011): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2010.11.007.

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Mizukami, Keijiro, Hye-Sook Chang, Akira Yabuki, Takuji Kawamichi, Natsuko Kawahara, Daisuke Hayashi, Mohammad A. Hossain, Mohammad M. Rahman, Mohammad M. Uddin, and Osamu Yamato. "Novel rapid genotyping assays for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Border Collie dogs and high frequency of the mutant allele in Japan." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 23, no. 6 (November 2011): 1131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1040638711425590.

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Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) constitutes a group of recessively inherited lysosomal storage diseases that primarily affect neuronal cells. Such diseases share certain clinical and pathologic features in human beings and animals. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Border Collie dogs was first detected in Australia in the 1980s, and the pathogenic mutation was shown to be a nonsense mutation (c.619C>T) in exon 4 in canine CLN5 gene. In the present study, novel rapid genotyping assays including polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism, PCR primer–induced restriction analysis, mutagenically separated PCR, and real-time PCR with TaqMan minor groove binder probes, were developed. The utility of microchip electrophoresis was also evaluated. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of Border Collies in Japan using these assays to determine the current allele frequency in Japan, providing information to control and prevent this disease in the next stage. All assays developed in the current study are available to discriminate these genotypes, and microchip electrophoresis showed a timesaving advantage over agarose gel electrophoresis. Of all assays, real-time PCR was the most suitable for large-scale examination because of its high throughput. The genotyping survey demonstrated that the carrier frequency was 8.1%. This finding suggested that the mutant allele frequency of NCL in Border Collies is high enough in Japan that measures to control and prevent the disease would be warranted. The genotyping assays developed in the present study could contribute to the prevention of NCL in Border Collies.
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Lima, Anna Karina, and Felipe Rosa Cunha. "Uso do oclacitinib no tratamento de lúpus eritematoso cutâneo vesicular em cão da raça Border Collie – relato de caso." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 15 (November 19, 2022): e332111536033. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i15.36033.

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O lúpus eritematoso cutâneo vesicular (LECV) é uma doença inflamatória autoimune rara, única variante subaguda do lúpus eritematoso cutâneo canino. Acomete cães adultos das raças Collie, Pastor de Shetland, Border Collie e seus mestiços. Em geral, requer tratamentos imunossupressores, os quais ocasionam efeitos colaterais e têm eficácia terapêutica variada. Um cão da raça Border Collie, macho, 3 anos, foi diagnosticado com LECV. Apresentou moderada resposta à associação terapêutica de tetraciclina-niacinamida e, posteriormente, à ciclosporina-cetoconazol. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o uso do oclacitinib, um inibidor da Janus quinase, no controle das lesões de LECV. O fármaco foi administrado na dose de 0,6 mg/kg/VO a cada 12 horas durante 15 dias e, na sequência, a cada 24 horas por mais 20 dias. Observou-se resolução clínica completa de forma rápida, eficaz e, aparentemente, sem efeitos adversos. Concluiu-se que o oclacitinib pode ser uma alternativa vantajosa no tratamento dessa variante do lúpus eritematoso cutâneo canino. Porém, estudos clínicos adicionais sobre o uso dos inibidores da Janus quinase no controle das doenças autoimunes dermatológicas caninas são necessários.
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ITO, Kanako, Yoshiki YAMAYA, Kazushi ASANO, Tadashi SANO, Toshihiro WATARI, Hisashi SIBUYA, Tsuneo SATO, and Shigeo TANAKA. "A Case of Pulmonary Aspergilloma in a Border Collie." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Anesthesia & Surgery 42, no. 1 (2011): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2327/jvas.42.13.

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33

Jonas, Angela. "A delayed blood transfusion reaction in a border collie." Veterinary Nursing Journal 32, no. 11 (October 20, 2017): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415349.2017.1348917.

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34

Sandy, J. R., R. F. Slocombe, R. W. Mitten, and D. Jedwab. "Cerebellar Abiotrophy in a Family of Border Collie Dogs." Veterinary Pathology 39, no. 6 (November 2002): 736–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.39-6-736.

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Cerebellar abiotrophies have a nonsex-linked, autosomal, recessively inherited basis in a number of species, and lesions typically reflect profound and progressive loss of Purkinje cells. In this report, an unusual form of abiotrophy is described for two sibling Border Collies. Extensive loss of the cerebellar granular cell layer was present with relative sparing of Purkinje cells of two female pups. The biochemical basis for this form of cerebellar abiotrophy is unknown, but the lack of disease in other siblings supports an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
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35

Wu, An-Quan, Yong-Liang Zhang, Li-Li Li, Long Chen, and Tong-Wen Yang. "The complete mitochondrial genome of the Border Collie dog." Mitochondrial DNA 27, no. 1 (June 6, 2014): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2014.898289.

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36

Maltman, Mark. "Self-assessment: collapse and pallor in a Border Collie." Companion Animal 22, no. 6 (June 2, 2017): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2017.22.6.319.

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37

STUDDERT, VP, and RW MITTEN. "Clinical features of ceroid lipofuscinosis in border collie dogs." Australian Veterinary Journal 68, no. 4 (April 1991): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1991.tb03156.x.

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38

FINNIE, JW, and VL THAM. "Colour mutant alopecia in a Kelpie ×Border Collie dog." Australian Veterinary Journal 70, no. 10 (October 1993): 388–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1993.tb00822.x.

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39

Leonard, Caroline, Iris Van Soens, and Jacques Fontaine. "Inherited Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy in a Border Collie, Interest of Oclacitinib for the Control of Self-Mutilation." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 3 (March 10, 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9030127.

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Sensory and autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed in a five-month-old Border Collie puppy, who presented with progressive self-mutilation, proprioceptive ataxia and urinary incontinence. In the Border Collie, sensory neuropathy is different from what is observed in acral mutilation syndrome, as the genetic mutation is linked to an inversion disrupting the FAM134B gene. Diagnosis was based on history, clinical signs and genetic testing. The prognosis of sensory neuropathies is poor and no curative treatment is available. In the present case, oclacitinib was started for symptomatic treatment of the self-mutilation. A good control of the self-mutilation was quickly observed with an improvement in quality of life for five months. Unfortunately, progression of neurological signs with severe proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, muscular atrophy and urinary/fecal incontinence was observed. Five months after diagnosis, the owner elected for euthanasia.
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40

Taylor, Susan, Katie Minor, Cindy L. Shmon, G. Diane Shelton, Edward E. Patterson, and James R. Mickelson. "Border Collie Collapse: Owner Survey Results and Veterinary Description of Videotaped Episodes." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 52, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6436.

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ABSTRACT Completed surveys were obtained from owners of 165 border collies experiencing repeated episodes of abnormal gait or collapse during strenuous exercise. Unremarkable veterinary evaluation and lack of disease progression over time made common systemic, cardiac, and neurologic causes of exercise intolerance unlikely. Survey questions addressed signalment, age of onset, description of episodes, and owner perception of factors associated with collapse. Most dogs were young adults (median 2 yr) when episodes began, and they had experienced from 2 to more than 100 episodes (median 6) prior to their owners completing the survey. Retrieving was the activity most commonly associated with episodes (112/165 dogs, 68%), followed by herding stock (39/165 dogs, 24%). Owners reported that high environmental temperatures (111/165 dogs, 67%) and excitement (67/165 dogs, 41%) increased the likelihood of their dog having an episode during strenuous activity. Veterinary evaluation of videotapes of presumed border collie collapse (BCC) episodes (40 dogs) were used to provide a description of the typical features of BCC episodes. Altered mentation, symmetrical ataxia affecting all four limbs, increased pelvic limb extensor tone and toe scuffing or knuckling, truncal swaying, and falling to the side were common features, suggesting that BCC may be an episodic diffuse central nervous system disorder.
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41

Crespi, Julian Alejandro, Laura Soledad Barrientos, Analia Arizmendi, Pilar Peral Garcia, and Guillermo Giovambattista. "Detección mediante pirosecuenciación de la mutación nt230 [del4] del gen ABCB1 canino y determinación de su prevalencia en razas de perros pastores en la provincia de Buenos Aires." Analecta Veterinaria 38, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/15142590e019.

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El gen ABCB1 codifica para la glicoproteína P (Pgp), una proteína de membrana que transporta múltiples fármacos fuera de la célula. Este gen se expresa principalmente en la barrera hematoencefálica, cumpliendo también importantes funciones en otros órganos. En caninos, se ha informado una deleción de 4 pb en el exón 4, que genera una terminación prematura y una proteína no funcional. Los animales homocigotos para la mutación presentan neurotoxicidad al administrarles drogas como las avermectinas. Esta mutación ha sido comunicada principalmente en collie, border collie y otras razas de perros pastores. El objetivo del trabajo consistió en desarrollar un método de diagnóstico rápido de la mutación nt230 [del4] del gen ABCB1 basado en pirosecuenciación y validarla en una población local. Se analizaron 72 perros mediante pirosecuenciación y secuenciación directa. Los resultados obtenidos con ambas técnicas evidenciaron 100 % de concordancia. El cálculo de la frecuencia génica del alelo nt230 [del4] (q) mostró diferencias entre las razas tipificadas: collie (n=30 y q=0,32), border collie (n=17 y q=0,06), pastor de Shetland (n=12 y q=0) y otras (n=16 y q=0). El valor promedio obtenido de frecuencia génica del alelo nt230 [del4] resultó menor al reportado en otros países. En conclusión, el método desarrollado podría ser utilizado para la detección temprana de la mutación nt230 [del4] causal de la deficiencia de Pgp, siendo una herramienta muy útil para la reproducción controlada y la prevención de la neurotoxicidad en los pacientes frente a tratamientos con avermectinas y otras drogas sustrato de la Pgp.
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42

Norton, Elaine M., Katie M. Minor, Susan M. Taylor, Molly E. McCue, and James R. Mickelson. "Heritability and Genomic Architecture of Episodic Exercise-Induced Collapse in Border Collies." Genes 12, no. 12 (November 29, 2021): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12121927.

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An episodic nervous system disorder triggered by strenuous exercise, termed border collie collapse (BCC), exists in border collies and related breeds. The genetic basis of BCC is unknown but is believed to be a complex genetic disorder. Our goal was to estimate the heritability (h2SNP) of BCC, define its underlying genetic architecture, and identify associated genomic loci using dense whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data. Genotype data were obtained for ~440,000 SNPs from 343 border collies (168 BCC cases and 175 controls). h2SNP was calculated to be 49–61% depending on the estimated BCC prevalence. A total of 2407 SNPs across the genome accounted for nearly all the h2SNP of BCC, with an estimated 2003 SNPs of small effect, 349 SNPs of moderate effect, and 56 SNPs of large effect. Genome-wide association analyses identified significantly associated loci on chromosomes 1, 6, 11, 20, and 28, which accounted for ~5% of the total BCC h2SNP. We conclude that BCC is a moderately- to highly-heritable complex polygenetic disease resulting from contributions from hundreds to thousands of genetic variants with variable effect sizes. Understanding how much the BCC phenotype is determined by genetics and whether major gene mutations are likely to exist inform veterinarians and working/stock dog communities of the true nature of this condition.
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43

Dostál, J., P. Horák, A. Hrdlicová, and A. Stratil. "Simplified PCR analysis of a mutation in the NHEJ1 gene causing collie eye anomaly in some dog breeds." Czech Journal of Animal Science 55, No. 8 (August 19, 2010): 346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/259/2009-cjas.

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Collie eye anomaly (CEA) is an inherited eye disease affecting development of the choroids and sclera segregating in several, mostly herding breeds of dog. Phenotypic development of the disease varies greatly in the affected animals. Genetic control of its clinical variation is unknown so far. Affected dogs share a 7.8 kb deletion in intron 4 of the NHEJ1 gene. We report here population studies of 379 dogs (Australian Shepherd, Border Collie, Rough Collie, Smooth Collie, Shetland Sheep Dog, and Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever) from breeders in the Czech Republic. A simple PCR method using a Piko<sup>TM</sup> Thermal Cycler and unclotted blood samples was employed for the analysis of the NHEJ1 gene. No isolation of DNA from blood samples before PCR was needed. The method is time-saving and gives excellent results. Frequencies of the disease allele in each breed were calculated (0.045, 0.194, 0.797, 0.367, 0.429 and 0.244, respectively). An improvement of genetic health of the breeds on the basis of allele frequencies is discussed.
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44

Han, Jae-Ik, Hyoung-Won Son, Seung-Cheol Park, and Ki-Jeong Na. "Novel insertion mutation ofABCB1gene in an ivermectin-sensitive Border Collie." Journal of Veterinary Science 11, no. 4 (2010): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.4142/jvs.2010.11.4.341.

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45

Sarre, C., A. Willems, S. Daminet, and E. Claerebout. "Autochthonous Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a Border collie in Belgium." Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 84, no. 5 (October 30, 2015): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/vdt.v84i5.16584.

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A nine-month-old, female Border collie was referred to the clinic because of an acute persistent cough and hemoptysis after excitation. Thoracic radiographs revealed a diffuse interstitial to alveolar pattern, compatible with pulmonary hemorrhage. To stabilize the dog and because of a suspected complex coagulopathy and on-going bleeding evidenced by worsening anemia, a fresh frozen plasma transfusion (10 ml/kg over four hours) was administered. Fecal examination confirmed the clinical suspicion of Angiostrongylus vasorum as the underlying cause of all the observed clinical signs. The dog was treated with fenbendazole (50 mg/kg SID) during 21 days. One week after treatment initiation, the dog was clinically healthy and thoracic radiographs showed a marked improvement of the pulmonary lesions. This case illustrates that autochthonous canine A. vasorum infections can occur in Belgium and they should be taken into account in the diagnostic work-up of dogs with respiratory signs and bleeding disorders.
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46

Vilboux, Thierry, Gilles Chaudieu, Patricia Jeannin, Delphine Delattre, Benoit Hedan, Catherine Bourgain, Guillaume Queney, Francis Galibert, Anne Thomas, and Catherine André. "Progressive Retinal Atrophy in the Border Collie: A new XLPRA." BMC Veterinary Research 4, no. 1 (2008): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-4-10.

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47

Arvelius, Per, Sofia Malm, Kenth Svartberg, and Erling Strandberg. "Genetic analysis of herding behavior in Swedish Border Collie dogs." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 4, no. 6 (November 2009): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2009.04.013.

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48

Fairley, RA, O. Knesl, PA Pesavento, and BC Elias. "Post-vaccinal distemper encephalitis in two Border Collie cross littermates." New Zealand Veterinary Journal 63, no. 2 (January 19, 2015): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2014.955068.

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49

Vargas-Pinto, Piero, Vladimir Galindo Zamora, Adriana Pedraza-Toscano, and Pedro Vargas-Pinto. "Efecto del entrenamiento en Agility en gran altitud en perros Border Collie en algunas variables electrocardiográficas: análisis preliminar." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 29, no. 1 (March 14, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v29i1.14251.

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El objetivo del estudio fue conocer el efecto en reposo de algunas variables electrocardiográficas en perros Border Collie practicantes de la disciplina deportiva Agility en gran altitud (2600 msnm). Se evaluaron 15 perros (grupo atletas), pertenecientes a diferentes equipos de «agility» de la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., Colombia y 16 perros Border Collie no practicantes de actividades deportivas (grupo no atletas) de la misma ciudad. Las variables electrocardiográficas analizadas, en electrocardiografía de 5 min fueron: análisis de poder espectral con los componentes de alta y baja frecuencia y balance LF/ HF (simpático/vagal). Dentro del método de dominio de tiempo se determinó el promedio de RR (NN) y SDNN. En 100 latidos consecutivos se midió la duración de QRS y QT, corregido por la fórmula de Van de Water (QTcV) y hallada su variabilidad por desviación estándar (SDQT). Se realizó observación de la dispersión de QT de cada uno de los individuos usando un gráfico de Poincaré. Los perros del grupo de atletas evidenciaron valores de HF más altos y de LF y LF/HF más bajos que el grupo de perros no atletas (p<0.05). Así mismo, los valores de RR y SDNN, longitud de QRS e intervalo QT fueron mayores en los perros atletas (p<0.05). No se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos en QTcV y SDQT. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian diferencias claras en varios componentes de la variabilidad de frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) entre perros Border Collie atletas y no atletas, con actividad diferenciada del sistema nervioso autónomo. El ejercicio y la altitud serían responsables de los hallazgos en QT y QRS.
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50

Sun, Lijie, Lin Zeng, Hongjuan Zhou, and Lei Zhang. "Strip thickness prediction method based on improved border collie optimizing LSTM." PeerJ Computer Science 8 (October 25, 2022): e1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1114.

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Background The thickness accuracy of strip is an important indicator to measure the quality of strip, and the control of the thickness accuracy of strip is the key for the high-quality strip products in the rolling industry. Methods A thickness prediction method of strip based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) optimized by improved border collie optimization (IBCO) algorithm is proposed. First, chaotic mapping and dynamic weighting strategy are introduced into IBCO to overcome the shortcomings of uneven initial population distribution and inaccurate optimization states of some individuals in Border Collie Optimization (BCO). Second, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) which can effectively deal with time series data and alleviate long-term dependencies is adopted. What’s more, IBCO is utilized to optimize parameters to mitigate the influence of hyperparameters such as the number of hidden neurons and learning rate on the prediction accuracy of LSTM, so IBCO-LSTM is established. Results The experiments are carried out on the measured strip data, which proves the excellent prediction performance of IBCO-LSTM. The experiments are carried out on the actual strip data, which prove that IBCO-LSTM has excellent capability of prediction.
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