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Journal articles on the topic 'Border patrols – united states'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Grimson, Alejandro, and Pablo Vila. "Forgotten Border Actors: the Border Reinforcers. A Comparison Between the U.S.–Mexico Border and South American Borders." Journal of Political Ecology 9, no. 1 (2002): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v9i1.21635.

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This article is a critique of two different types of essentialisms that have gained widespread acceptance in places as distant as the U.S.-Mexico border and different Mercosur frontiers. Both essentialisms rely on metaphors that refer to the concept of "union," and put their emphasis on a variety of "sisterhood/brotherhood" tropes and, in particular, the "crossing" metaphor. This kind of stance tends to make invisible the social and cultural conﬂict that many times characterizes political frontiers. The article wants to reinstall this conﬂictive dimension. In that regard, we analyze two differ

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Leyva, Yolanda Chávez, and Kimberly Sumano Ortega. "Voices from La Frontera." California History 101, no. 4 (2024): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2024.101.4.109.

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Established in 1972, the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP) Institute of Oral History (IOH) holds the largest collection of border-related oral histories in the United States. Containing interviews dating back to the 1960s, the collection is particularly strong with themes related to labor, immigration, the Bracero Program, and the Mexican Revolution. This article explores the history of the U.S. Border Patrol as gleaned from UTEP oral histories. El Paso and the Border Patrol have a very long and complicated history. The first officers were stationed in El Paso and the first training academ

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Garrett, Terence M. "An analysis of U.S. Custom and Border Protection’s tripartite Mexico border security policy." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 21, no. 4 (2018): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.4.07.

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The Custom and Border Protection (CBP) border security policy was explicitly presented by former Acting Commissioner of CBP, David Aguilar, in testimony before the United States Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee (HSGAC) on April 4, 2017 in testimony on the subject of “Fencing Along the Southwest Border.” Important for discussion here are the key components of the DHS/CBP/Border Patrol’s strategy, or sets of policies, laying forth elements of the border walls (including barriers, fences), personnel, and technology in order to hinder, or intercept, undocumented migrants

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Andreescu, Raluca. "“In the desert, we are all illegal aliens”: Border Confluences and Border Wars in Luis Alberto Urrea’s The Devil’s Highway." American, British and Canadian Studies 33, no. 1 (2019): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2019-0022.

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AbstractIn May 2001, a traveling party of 26 Mexican citizens tried to cross the Arizonan desert in order to enter the United States illegally. Their attempt turned into a front-page news event after 14 died and 12 barely made it across the border due to Border Patrol intervention. Against the background of consistent tightening of anti-immigration laws in the United States, my essay aims to examine the manner in which Luis Alberto Urrea’s The Devil’s Highway: A True Story (2004) reenacts the group’s journey from Mexico through the “vast trickery of sand” to the United States in a rather poeti

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Ward, Matthew, and Daniel E. Martinez. "Know Your Enemy: How Unauthorized Repatriated Migrants Learn About and Perceive Anti-Immigrant Mobilization in the United States." Migration Letters 12, no. 2 (2015): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v12i2.248.

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Recently scholars have turned their attention towards a growing anti-immigrant movement in the United States. In particular, residents called ‘minutemen’ have garnered attention for their vigilante patrols of the U.S.-Mexico border. Yet, there remains an absence of rigorously collected data from the unauthorized migrants they target. Filling this void, we draw on original survey data from wave 1 of the Migrant Border Crossing Study (MBCS) and address three questions: Among unauthorized repatriated migrants who have heard of minutemen, from where do they get their information? What qualities or

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Ngai, Mae M. "The Strange Career of the Illegal Alien: Immigration Restriction and Deportation Policy in the United States, 1921–1965." Law and History Review 21, no. 1 (2003): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595069.

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In January 1930 officials of the Bureau of Immigration testified about the Border Patrol before a closed session of the House Immigration Committee. Henry Hull, the commissioner general of immigration, explained that the Border Patrol did not operate “on the border line” but as far as one hundred miles “back of the line.” The Border Patrol, he said, was “a scouting organization and a pursuit organization…. [Officers] operate on roads without warrants and wherever they find an alien they stop him. If he is illegally in the country, they take him to unit headquarters.”

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7

Davila, Alberto. "The Seasonality of Apprehensions of Undocumented Mexican Workers." International Migration Review 20, no. 4 (1986): 986–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000413.

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This article uses within-year apprehensions data to test the economic determinants of Mexican undocumented immigration to the United States. These data are highly seasonal and within-year border patrol apprehensions suggest that this seasonality is not solely due to changes in border patrol enforcement. The results from this study are similar to those of earlier studies which used annual apprehensions data.

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Cengiz, Emrah. "Irregular Migration from Türkiye to The United States." Migration and Diversity 3, no. 2 (2024): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/md.v3i2.3279.

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The United States’ southern border has been witnessing a record increase in illegal entrance of Turkish citizens. According to the data provided by the United States border patrol, during the 2023 fiscal year, 15.542 Turkish citizens entered the country illegally through the United States-Mexican border. This number was under 100 per year over the last decade. Although it has not gotten much attention in media and academic circles, the rate of the increase in the number of Turkish citizens entering the United States illegally is alarming. While the main reasons of the high numbers of people mi

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9

Jared Van Ramshorst and Margath Walker. "Subordinating Space: Immigration Enforcement, Hierarchy, and the Politics of Scale in Mexico and Central America." Borders in Globalization Review 3, no. 2 (2022): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr32202220403.

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In recent years, security and immigration enforcement has expanded rapidly throughout Mexico. From checkpoints and patrols to a vast system of detention and deportation, Mexican officials have implemented far-reaching measures to curtail international migration from Central America. Many of these efforts have been concentrated along the Mexico–Guatemala border and deep within southern Mexico, culminating in Programa Frontera Sur, a militarized approach to border security implemented in 2014. In this article, we explore how security and immigration enforcement in Mexico rely on spatial hierarch

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10

Mabry, Donald. "The US Military and the War on Drugs in Latin America." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 30, no. 2-3 (1988): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165979.

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In The Face Of The Unsuccessful Efforts of law enforcement agencies (including the Coast Guard) to staunch the flow of illegal narcotics into the United States, Congress and the public have been demanding that the military increase its role in the nation's anti-drug campaign. These demands vary in scope. The minimum demand is that the military provide more logistical support and intelligence data. Another, which was approved by Congress in 1988, is also to give military personnel powers of search, seizure, and arrest outside the land area of the United States. Some also advocate giving civilia

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Flores-Yeffal, Nadia Y., and Karen A. Pren. "Predicting Unauthorized Salvadoran Migrants’ First Migration to the United States between 1965 and 2007." Journal on Migration and Human Security 6, no. 2 (2018): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502418765404.

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Although Salvadoran emigration to the United States is one of the most important migratory flows emanating from Latin America, there is insufficient information about the predictors of first unauthorized migration from El Salvador to the United States. In this study, we use data from the Latin American Migration Project–El Salvador (LAMP-ELS4) to perform an event history analysis to discern the factors that influenced the likelihood that a Salvadoran household head would take a first unauthorized trip to the United States between 1965 and 2007. We take into account a series of demographic, soc

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Travassos, Mark A. "A “Natural Death”: The Political Battlefield of Infections and Migrant Children’s Bodies." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 12 (2019): 2721–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1026.

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Abstract Before September 2018, no child had died in United States Border Patrol custody in a decade. Since then, 7 detained children have died in the past 10 months. Migrant children’s bodies have become the latest political battlefield, and these children have been caught in the crossfire. This piece focuses on the recent deaths of several migrant children from overwhelming infections in United States detainment centers. The circumstances surrounding these illnesses bring to the fore concerns about the care of these children, suggesting infectious disease outbreaks in these detainment center

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Enriquez, Daniella J. "The XVII Amendment’s impact to Economy, Politics, and European Immigration during Prohibition in the United States." Toro Historical Review 14, no. 2 (2023): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46787/tthr.v14i2.3314.

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Prohibition occurred between the years 1920 to 1933. The United States Congress ratified the XVII amendment prohibiting the sale, manufacture, and transport of intoxicating liquors. During these years United States emerged from its involvement in World War I, experienced the Roaring Twenties, and felt the impact of the Great Depression. The era historically transformed the United States during the period of thirteen years. Upon the ratification of XVIII amendment, the Volstead Act became the enforcing mechanism of the law, Prohibition took effect within the United States on January 17, 1920. T

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Toffoli, Erica. "Electric Eyes." California History 101, no. 4 (2024): 29–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2024.101.4.29.

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In 1977, U.S. Border Patrol Pilot George Watson praised the latest addition to the agency’s fleet in a photo-essay for INS Reporter. “A new dimension in enforcement capability began with the Hughes 500 helicopter,” he vowed. To illustrate the fruits of modernization, Watson included aerial shots of an arrest in the San Ysidro desert. “Before,” he explained, “aliens” would “sweep across” the border. Now, “Fox Trot’s light in the sky is bad news. Migrants hit the deck. They cannot escape.” Less than a decade later, the magazine admitted that, for the first time, one million “illegals” had been a

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Bazzi, Samuel, Gordon Hanson, Sarah John, Bryan Roberts, and John Whitley. "Deterring Illegal Entry: Migrant Sanctions and Recidivism in Border Apprehensions." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 13, no. 3 (2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20190291.

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During the 2008 to 2012 period, the US Border Patrol enacted new sanctions on migrants apprehended while attempting to enter the United States illegally. Using administrative records on apprehensions of Mexican nationals that include fingerprint-based IDs and other details, we detect if an apprehended migrant is subject to penalties and if he is later reapprehended. Exploiting plausibly random variation in the rollout of sanctions, we estimate econometrically that exposure to penalties reduced the 18-month reapprehension rate for males by 4.6 to 6.1 percentage points off of a baseline rate of

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Hernandez, Jasmine R., and Heather J. H. Edgar. "Migrant Deaths in New Mexico: What is Known; What is Unknown." Journal on Migration and Human Security 12, no. 3 (2024): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23315024241274705.

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Executive Summary The United States is no stranger to migration across its borders. In 2020, its Southwestern border saw a drastic increase in apprehensions by the Border Patrol. While imperfect and an undercount of the true number of migration events, apprehension data is often used as a proxy to understand migration patterns. The rise in migration was coupled with an increased but unknown number of deaths along migration routes. This article focuses on the New Mexico portion of the El Paso Border Patrol Sector and the increased migrant caseload at New Mexico’s Office of the Medical Investiga

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Newell, Bryce Clayton, Ricardo Gomez, and Verónica E. Guajardo. "Sensors, Cameras, and the New ‘Normal’ in Clandestine Migration: How Undocumented Migrants Experience Surveillance at the U.S.-Mexico Border." Surveillance & Society 15, no. 1 (2017): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v15i1.5604.

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This paper presents findings from an exploratory qualitative study of the experiences and perceptions of undocumented (irregular) migrants to the United States with various forms of surveillance in the borderlands between the U.S. and Mexico. Based on fieldwork conducted primarily in a migrant shelter in Nogales, Mexico, we find that migrants generally have a fairly sophisticated understanding about U.S. Border Patrol surveillance and technology use and that they consciously engage in forms of resistance or avoidance. Heightened levels of border surveillance may be deterring a minority of migr

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Warren, Robert, and Donald Kerwin. "The 2,000 Mile Wall in Search of a Purpose: Since 2007 Visa Overstays have Outnumbered Undocumented Border Crossers by a Half Million." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 1 (2017): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500107.

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The Trump administration has made the construction of an “impregnable” 2,000-mile wall across the length of the US-Mexico border a centerpiece of its executive orders on immigration and its broader immigration enforcement strategy. This initiative has been broadly criticized based on: • Escalating cost projections: an internal Department of Homeland Security (DHS) study recently set the cost at $21.6 billion over three and a half years; • Its necessity given the many other enforcement tools — video surveillance, drones, ground sensors, and radar technologies — and Border Patrol personnel, that

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Jackson, Michael D. "Between Biography and Ethnography." Harvard Theological Review 101, no. 3-4 (2008): 377–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816008001910.

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My point of departure in this essay is Davíd Carrasco's Convocation Address at the Harvard Divinity School in September 2006. Speaking of the borderlands between Mexico and the United States, Carrasco projects an image of a vexed and ambiguous zone that is not merely geographic or political; it defines an existential situation of being betwixt and between, of struggle and suffering, that Karl Jaspers sums up in the term Grenzsituationen (borders/limit situations). The frontier throws up images of borderline experiences, of a destabilized and transgressive consciousness in which “dreams, repres

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Tracey, Caroline. "“Fértil Camposanto Llamado México”: Contemporary Poetry of U.S.-Mexico Border Deaths." Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies 10, no. 2 (2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18085/1549-9502.10.2.1.

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Abstract Death marks the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. This paper considers accounts of migrant death in contemporary poetry, examining the presence of migrants, necropower, and landscape in four works: Sara Uribe’s Antígona González (Oaxaca: Sur+editions, 2012), Eduardo C. Corral’s Slow Lightning (New Haven: Yale, 2012), Balam Rodrigo’s Libro Centroamericano de los Muertos (México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2018), and Forrest Gander’s Be With (New York: New Directions, 2018), drawing on recent theorizations of Achille Mbembé’s idea of necropolitics/necropower from both United States and Mexican

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Alden, Edward. "Is Border Enforcement Effective? What We Know and What it Means." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 2 (2017): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500213.

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For too long, the policy debate over border enforcement has been split between those who believe the border can be sealed against illegal entry by force alone, and those who believe that any effort to do so is futile and without expanded legal work opportunities. And for too long, both sides have been able to muster evidence to make their cases — the enforcers pointing to targeted successes at sealing the border, and the critics pointing to continued illegal entry despite the billions spent on enforcement. Until recently it has been hard to referee the disputes with any confidence because the

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Dewanto, Rafi Navynanda Kusuma, Ilham Akbar Dzaky Al-Dzikri, Muhammad Okahadiwan Bayunillah, and Rahmawati Nurul Jannah. "INTEGRATING INDONESIA’S BORDER CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: AN ANSWER TO EVER-EVOLVING TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME." Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 8, no. 1 (2025): 99–125. https://doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v8i1.680.

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This article examines the critical need for an integrated border control management system in Indonesia, addressing the challenges posed by the country's vast archipelagic geography and the evolving threats of transnational organized crime. It analyzes the current fragmented state of Indonesia's border management, spread across multiple agencies including immigration, customs, maritime security, and border patrol. The study highlights the inadequacies of this system in combating sophisticated criminal networks that exploit jurisdictional gaps and information silos. Drawing on comparative analy

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Whittaker, Catherine, and Eveline Dürr. "Vigilance, Knowledge, and De/colonization." Conflict and Society 8, no. 1 (2022): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2022.080110.

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This article shows how vigilance against racism and coloniality in the US-Mexico borderlands produces knowledge, highlighting the decolonizing potential of their dynamic entanglement. Before the Black Lives Matter protests against police violence across the United States in late May 2020, many Latin@s in San Diego, California, already anticipated racial discrimination and violence in light of growing anti-migration sentiment. Those Latin@s who took part in the protests often also protested border patrol violence. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork, we argue that the vigilance of Latin@s

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Espenshade, Thomas J. "Using ins Border Apprehension Data to Measure the Flow of Undocumented Migrants Crossing the U.S.-Mexico Frontier." International Migration Review 29, no. 2 (1995): 545–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900209.

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This article examines how data on INS border apprehensions are related to the flow of undocumented migrants crossing the southern U.S. border. Its centerpiece is a demographic model of the process of unauthorized migration across the Mexico-U.S. frontier. This model is both a conceptual framework that allows us to see theoretical linkages between apprehensions and illegal migrant flows, and a methodological device that yields estimates of the gross number of undocumented migrants. One implication of the model is that, for the first time, the relation between apprehensions and illegal flows can

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Warren, Robert. "Reverse Migration to Mexico Led to US Undocumented Population Decline: 2010 to 2018." Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no. 1 (2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502420906125.

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Executive Summary This report presents estimates of the undocumented population residing in the United States in 2018, highlighting demographic changes since 2010. The Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) compiled these estimates based primarily on information collected in the US Census Bureau’s American Community Survey (ACS). The annual CMS estimates of undocumented residents for 2010 to 2018 include all the detailed characteristics collected in the ACS. 1 A summary of the CMS estimation procedures, as well as a discussion of the plausibility of the estimates, is provided in the Ap

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Hyun, Sinae. "Old Mission, New Faith: Limits of the United States Policies in Decolonizing Southeast Asia Seen through the Indigenization of Thailand’s Border Patrol Police." Korean Journal of American History 61 (May 31, 2025): 51–81. https://doi.org/10.37732/kjah.2025.61.51.

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Baker, Russell A. "Border Injuries: An Analysis of Prehospital Demographics, Mechanisms, and Patterns of Injuries Encountered by USBP EMS Agents in the El Paso (Texas USA) Sector." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 4 (2017): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x17006434.

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AbstractStudy ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate Emergency Medical Services (EMS), use, injury mechanisms, prehospital assessments, and injuries among those receiving aid from the United States Border Patrol (USBP) in the El Paso (Texas USA) Sector.DesignThis is a time-series, retrospective analysis of all prehospital data for injuries among patients receiving care from USBP EMS on the US Mexico border in the El Paso sector from February 6, 2014 to February 6, 2016.ResultsA total of 473 documented EMS encounters occurred in this two-year period and demonstrated a male gender predom

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Altomonte, Jenna. "“Passport, Please!”: Subversive Resistance at the Checkpoint." Revista Lusófona de Estudos Culturais 12, no. 1 (2025): e025007. https://doi.org/10.21814/rlec.6264.

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Between 2016 and 2017, artist Mahmoud Obaidi exhibited his installation, Fair Skies, at the Mathaf: Arab Museum of Modern Art in Doha, Qatar. In the installation, he included a series of stop-motion animation videos featuring plastic dolls. The videos re-enacted an actual confrontation he experienced while attempting to board a plane at the George Bush International Airport in Houston, Texas, in 2009. The piece critiques travel restrictions and race/ethnic-based profiling placed on individuals originating from Arab and/or Muslim-majority nations. In 2018, Nadia Gohar created Self Portrait (Pas

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Musalo, Karen, and Eunice Lee. "Seeking a Rational Approach to a Regional Refugee Crisis: Lessons from the Summer 2014 “Surge” of Central American Women and Children at the US-Mexico Border." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 1 (2017): 137–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500108.

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Executive Summary2 In the early summer months of 2014, an increasing number of Central American children alone and with their parents began arriving at the US-Mexico border in search of safety and protection. The children and families by and large came from the Northern Triangle countries of El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala — three of the most dangerous countries in the world — to seek asylum and other humanitarian relief. Rampant violence and persecution within homes and communities, uncontrolled and unchecked by state authorities, compelled them to flee north for their lives. On the scal

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Gómez Cervantes, Andrea, Cecilia Menjívar, and William G. Staples. "“Humane” Immigration Enforcement and Latina Immigrants in the Detention Complex." Feminist Criminology 12, no. 3 (2017): 269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085117699069.

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We explore the criminalization of Latina immigrants through the interwoven network of social control created by law, the justice system, and private corporations—the immigration industrial complex. Considerable scholarly research has focused on understanding the overtly coercive practices of deportation and the consequences for families and communities; less attention has been devoted to the social control mechanisms of detention facilities and “Alternative to Detention Programs” (ATD programs) operating in the United States. We know relatively little about the consequences for immigrant popul

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Benjamin Juma, Imai, and Dr George Oyombra. "Coordinated Multi-Agencies Patrols and Border Security along the Kenya-Somalia Border in Wajir County." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 4, no. 5 (2024): 764–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2024.4.5.3322.

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Securing their boarders has become a concern for all countries globally. This is because unsecure boarders pose a serious threat both to national and international security of states. For instance, the porous Kenya-Somali boarder continues to pose a serious threat to the security and development of Kenya as a country. This study therefore sought to examine how coordinated multi-agencies patrols affects border security along the Kenya-Somalia border. It adopted a descriptive survey research design that used both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Stratified and simple random and purposive

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DOTY, ROXANNE LYNN. "States of Exception on the Mexico?U.S. Border: Security, "Decisions," and Civilian Border Patrols." International Political Sociology 1, no. 2 (2007): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2007.00008.x.

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Kiester, Elizabeth, and Jennifer Vasquez-Merino. "A Virus Without Papers: Understanding COVID-19 and the Impact on Immigrant Communities." Journal on Migration and Human Security 9, no. 2 (2021): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23315024211019705.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the inequalities facing vulnerable populations: those living in economically precarious situations and lacking adequate health care. In addition, frontline workers deemed essential to meet our basic needs have faced enormous personal risk to keep earning their paychecks and the economy running. Immigrant communities face an intersection of all three vulnerabilities (e.g., economic precarity, health care barriers, essential workforce), making them one of the most vulnerable populations in the United States. We conducted 26 interviews via Zoom with immigrant ser

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Wilson, Betty L. "Under the Brutal Watch: A Historical Examination of Slave Patrols in the United States and Brazil During the 18th and 19th Centuries." Journal of Black Studies 53, no. 1 (2021): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219347211049218.

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Though less discussed in the literature, slave patrols played a significant role in continuing and sustaining the system of slavery. While few scholars have dedicated attention to exploring the history of slave patrols in the United States (US), there remains a dearth of research analyzing the slave patrol system in Brazil, despite the existence of slavery in this area of the African Diaspora. Using a historical perspective, this article compares and examines the establishment, function, expansion of slave patrols in the US and Brazil between the 18th and 19th centuries. This article adds to t

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Olishevskyi, I. V. "Comparative analysis of international cooperation between the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and border agencies of neighboring states in the field of border security before and after the full-scale Russian invasion." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence 3, no. 3 (2025): 332–38. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.03.3.52.

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The article examines the transformation of the mechanisms of international cooperation of the State Border Service of Ukraine with the border agencies of neighboring states and the FRONTEX agency under martial law after the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on February 24, 2022. The regulatory framework of international cooperation of the State Border Service of Ukraine and the main areas of interaction with the border agencies of neighboring states before and after the war are analyzed. It is established that until 2022, cooperation was based on a multilateral approach (informatio

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Feno, David W., and Michael A. Ogden. "Freeway Service Patrols: A State of the Practice." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1634, no. 1 (1998): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1634-04.

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Freeway service patrols have been cited as one of the most effective elements of an incident management program for reducing incident detection time and incident duration. Service patrol programs utilize roving vehicles to patrol congested and high incident sections of urban freeways. The state of the practice of freeway service patrol programs in the United States is documented in this paper. A telephone survey was conducted with managers of 53 freeway service patrols in 22 states. Approximately 74 percent of the surveyed service patrols are sponsored exclusively by public agencies. Approxima

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Bustamante, Jorge A. "Demystifying the United States--Mexico Border." Journal of American History 79, no. 2 (1992): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080038.

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Qayyum, Sehrish, and Aleem Gillani. "MARITIME BORDER MANAGEMENT AND CHALLENGES IN WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN (WIO)." Polaris - Journal of Maritime Research 4, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.53963/pjmr.2022.002.4.

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Unsettled maritime boundaries can hinder economic exploitation of offshore resources and complicate the management of maritime borders. They thwart states from getting on path of prosperity and progress. This article explores factors which when taken together makes most likelihood of effective border management in WIO. It uses descriptive-analytical method of qualitative research to conduct retrospective analysis. The paper highlights key factors concerning WIO’s border management in terms of theoretical subjects. Findings revealed 14 main factors which make most likelihood of effective border

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Gray, Gerald. "Disappearing refugees inside the United States." Torture Journal 29, no. 1 (2019): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v29i1.113206.

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I have been working as a psychotherapist and social worker with refugee survivors of torture since 1990. I am now involved at the Texas-Mexico border, drawn there by the torture of refugee families and their children who are disappeared under the U.S. Administration’s phrase, “family separation.” In the El Paso Sector, I collaborate with several clinical, legal, and investigative journalism organizations. We’ve read of the thousands of children and parents disappeared from one another at the border under that official phrase “family separation.”

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Okere, Gloria, and La Sheria Nance Bush. "Qualified immunity: unveiling police violence and misconduct in the United States." Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal 11, no. 3 (2023): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2023.11.00376.

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Police violence and misconduct have been evident throughout American history. The earliest forms of policing began in the 1700s in the Carolinas with “Slave Patrols”. It was established to terrorize and suppress enslaved Africans and to apprehend and return the runaway slaves to their owners.1 During the 1960s, direct causations of racial tension and riots was also a conjunction with President Lyndon Johnson’s “War on Crime” initiative. This section documents the history of police violence and misconduct between the periods of 1960 through the early 2000s. The overlapping theme of qualified im

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Fullerton, Thomas M., and Adam G. Walke. "Cross-Border Shopping and Employment Patterns in the Southwestern United States." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 10, no. 03 (2019): 1950015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993319500157.

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Price differentials, among other factors, persuade many residents of Northern Mexico to shop in the Southwestern United States border region. Employment patterns in the latter region are studied using a set of control variables and two indicators that are likely to influence cross-border shopping patterns. The first is a real exchange rate index, which captures changes in relative prices in the United States and Mexico. The second is real per capita gross state product in Mexican states adjacent to the international boundary. Both of these variables are found to impact retail and restaurant em

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Gutiérrez-Witt, Laura. "United States-Mexico Border Studies and "BorderLine"." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 6, no. 1 (1990): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1052008.

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Walker, David W., and David E. Lorey. "United States-Mexico Border Statistics Since 1900." Hispanic American Historical Review 72, no. 1 (1992): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515982.

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Walker, David W. "United States-Mexico Border Statistics Since 1900." Hispanic American Historical Review 72, no. 1 (1992): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-72.1.143.

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Wolf, Ross, and Thomas Bryer. "Applying an outcomes-based categorisation to non-warranted/non-sworn volunteers in United States policing." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 93, no. 1 (2019): 42–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x19837309.

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The use of volunteers for government service can improve civic engagement, collaboration in governance, and transparency. Policing is no exception, and throughout the United States many police agencies rely on volunteers to serve in various ways, including observational patrols, investigations, administrative support, chaplains, police explorer programmes, and search and rescue teams. While there are police volunteers in the United States that have police powers, this manuscript focuses on the varied ways that citizens participate in policing in non-warranted/non-sworn roles, and applies an ou

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DeSisto, Carla, Stephen Waterman, Denise Borntrager, Francisco Alvarado-Ramy, Kelly Broussard, and Miguel Escobedo. "Border Lookout: Enhancing Tuberculosis Control on the United States–Mexico Border." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 93, no. 4 (2015): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.15-0300.

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ORRACA, PEDRO, MARTIN RAMIREZ-URQUIDY, and NATANAEL RAMIREZ. "BEYOND THE LOCAL MARKET: MEXICAN CROSS-BORDER ENTREPRENEURS IN THE UNITED STATES." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 22, no. 04 (2017): 1750023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946717500236.

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This study examines the characteristics of self-employed workers who reside in Mexico but work in the United States and the factors behind their decision to become cross-border entrepreneurs. This group is compared to entrepreneurs who live and operate in Mexico. Based on census data from Mexico, it is observed that cross-border entrepreneurs are older and more educated, and have stronger ties to the United States, shorter workweeks and higher hourly and monthly earnings than self-employed workers who live and work in Mexico. A series of probit models show that years of schooling, having previ

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Alhussainy, Hussain. "Barred from the Border." Crossings: An Undergraduate Arts Journal 4, no. 1 (2024): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/crossings200.

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This article critically examines how disability discrimination manifests within the immigration systems of Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Despite Canada's reputation as a welcoming nation, the article argues that its points-based immigration system perpetuates ableist notions, treating disabled immigrants as economic burdens. The analysis explores the historical context of Canada's immigration system, its impact on disabled immigrants, and draws comparisons with other nations. The examination of the United States reveals discriminatory practices and ableist langu

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Ashur, Suleiman A., M. Hadi Baaj, K. David Pijawka, and Derar S. Serhan. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Transporting Hazardous Waste Generated by Maquiladora Industry in U.S.-Mexico Border Region." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1602, no. 1 (1997): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1602-13.

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Hazardous waste shipments from U.S.-owned industries in the northern part of Mexico near the border with the United States are a growing problem. Today, the Mexican Environmental Agency requires all U.S. industries to return the waste produced by their plants to the United States. Currently, there is no database on the amount of hazardous waste transported from these firms, the pattern of shipments (from what origins to what destinations), and the nature of the risks to the population and environment along the shipment routes. In addition, there is a growing need to develop a risk assessment m

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Fitchett, Joseph Robert, Antonio Javier Vallecillo, and Clara Espitia. "Tuberculosis transmission across the United States-Mexico border." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 29, no. 1 (2011): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892011000100009.

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