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Journal articles on the topic 'Border points'
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Fan, Hong Ming, Dan Zhang, and Hang Yu. "Collocation Trefftz Method for the Heat Conduction Issue in Irregular Domain." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.146.
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Rules for non-orthogonal borders of irregular domain is the thorny issues when using analytical method for solving mathematical and physical equations. On the basis of solution in the form of separated variables, the border of arbitrary shape with non-orthogonal boundary will be separated into a limited number of discrete points, and then direct assignment for the form solution at each of the discrete points on the border according to boundary conditions, at every discrete points on the border can establish an equation. If the number of discrete points on the border is the same with truncated series after retained series, all coefficients of the form solution can be determined and the problem solved. This paper use Laplace equation as an example to illustrate Collocation Trefftz Method can solve certain steady-state heat conduction problems within non-orthogonal border and irregular domain.
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Fan, Hong Ming, Hang Yu, and Dan Zhang. "Collocation Trefftz Method for the Heat Conduction Issue in Irregular Domain with Non-Linear Boundary Condition." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.156.
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Rules for nonlinear borders of irregular domain is the thorny issues when using analytical method for solving mathematical and physical equations. On the basis of solution in the form of separated variables, the border of arbitrary shape with non-orthogonal boundary will be separated into a limited number of discrete points, and then direct assignment for the form solution at each of the discrete points on the border according to boundary conditions, at every discrete points on the border can establish an equation. If the number of discrete points on the border is equal with truncated series after retained series, all coefficients of the form solution can be determined and the problem solved. This paper use Laplace equation as an example to illustrate Collocation Trefftz Method can solve certain steady heat conduction problems within irregular domain with non-linear border.
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Szabolcs Pásztor. "The Role of Schengen in the Development of Peripheral Borderland Regions." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 44 (November 20, 2011): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/44/2626.
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This study aims to uncover the role of the Schengen borders of the European Union in rural and settlement development. Schengen integration applies certain restrictions at the external border-crossings, so the filtering role is to be taken into consideration. In addition to the disappearance of borders in the globalising economic area, the strict Schengen rules further burden the development of cross-border interactions, bringing about less frequent border crossings. Moreover, the economic integration of the affected borderlands would remain sluggish. The author points to the fact that the dynamics of a border interaction system should include a Schengen border degree between the interdependent and integrated borderland levels. Consequently, the Schengen borderlands should be in the focus of further border studies.
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Agrawal, David R. "The Tax Gradient: Spatial Aspects of Fiscal Competition." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 7, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20120360.
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State borders create a discontinuous tax treatment of retail sales. In a Nash game, local tax rates will be higher on the low state tax side of a border. Local taxes will decrease from the nearest high-tax border and increase from the low-tax border. Using driving time from state borders and all local sales tax rates, local tax rates on the lowtax side of the border are 1.25 percentage points higher, reducing the differential in state tax rates by over three-quarters. A ten minute increase in driving time from the nearest high-tax state lowers a border town's local tax rate by 6 percent. (JEL H25, H71, H73, H77)
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Chenyi Xia, W. Hsu, M. L. Lee, and B. C. Ooi. "BORDER: efficient computation of boundary points." IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering 18, no. 3 (March 2006): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tkde.2006.38.
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Colombo, A., and F. Dercole. "BORDER COLLISION OF NON-HYPERBOLIC FIXED POINTS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 42, no. 7 (2009): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20090622-3-uk-3004.00021.
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Abbott, John, Claudia Fassino, and Maria-Laura Torrente. "Stable border bases for ideals of points." Journal of Symbolic Computation 43, no. 12 (December 2008): 883–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2008.05.002.
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Alijla, Abdalhadi. "Palestine and the Habeas Viscus." Borders in Globalization Review 1, no. 2 (July 23, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr12202019493.
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Borders have been a political tool to control, manipulate and affect the lives and movements of individual and groups. These borders can also work as a barrier designed and used to discriminate against specific ethnic, religious, or linguistic groups and individuals for political reasons. In specific cases, borders can create a generation of exception, where the lives of a particular group of individuals matter less than others. The Palestinians in Gaza have been living in a state of exception, where their lives have been animalized and constrained both within the Gaza Strip, but also outside the Gaza Strip, at border points of entry in many places. This paper is an auto-ethnography of the lives of Palestinians as a state of exception, visa violence, airports and borders. It examines and describes, as an anthropological phenomenon, experiences such as visa application processes, rejection, travel and encounters with border officials. The article starts with describing the state of exception of a generation who were born and grew up under Israeli occupation. The paper then examines and analyzes the process and ritual of travelling as a quasi-citizen through various border points of entry. This article is an anthropological narrative of how a continuous state of exception and profiling of an individual creates a homo-sacer man.
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GARDNER, KYLE. "MOVING WATERSHEDS, BORDERLESS MAPS, AND IMPERIAL GEOGRAPHY IN INDIA'S NORTHWESTERN HIMALAYA." Historical Journal 62, no. 1 (August 8, 2018): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x18000146.
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AbstractThis article uses the British colonial history of border making in northern India to examine the assumptions and contradictions at work in the theorizing, configuring, and mapping of frontiers and borders. It focuses, in particular, on the development of the ‘water-parting principle’ – wherein the edge of a watershed is considered to be the border – and how this principle was used to determine boundaries in the northwestern Himalaya, a region that had long-established notions of border points, but no borderlines. By the twentieth century, the water-parting principle would become the dominant boundary logic for demarcating borders in mountainous regions, and would be employed by statesmen, treaty editors, and boundary commissioners around the world. But for the northwestern Himalaya, a region that British colonial officials considered to be the ‘finest natural combination of boundary and barrier that exists in the world’, making a border proved much more difficult than anticipated.
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Kuprijanova, Jekaterina, Jelena Volkova, and Lidija Agafonova. "SYSTEMATIC BORDER CONTROL ON ROAD BCP – CHALLENGES OF SERVICE ORGANIZATION." BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 2, no. 7 (July 5, 2018): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/bsm.v2i7.3487.
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The authors of this article describe the current situation in the service organization of the road border crossing points of the State Border Guard (SBG) of the Republic of Latvia. There are summarized the information based about the legal acts regulating the systematic border control in the international and national legislation and the essence of their execution. There are analysed the use of human resources and possible solutions at the border crossing points and are provided comparative description of the border control points, emphasizing positive and negative features, and also the need for different approaches to service organization by organizing effective systematic border control.
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Adamchuk, Yuliya, Oleh Stavytskyi, Klavdiia Tushko, Olena Zabolotna, Oleh Lunyk, and Iryna Kovalska. "Peculiarities of the assessment of readiness formation of junior inspectors of the border guard service for professional activity at international border crossing points during the experiment." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-E (July 29, 2021): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-e1202p.350-358.
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The article deals with the description of the peculiarities of pedagogical experiment concerning the assessment of the readiness formation of junior inspectors of the border guard service for professional activity at international border crossing points on the basis of grounded criteria, indicators and levels of their formation. Based on the analysis of scientific and pedagogical and methodological literature, study of practice and generalization of their own professional experience, the authors found out that the criteria for readiness formation of junior inspectors of the border guard service for professional activity at international border crossing points are motivational, psychological and activity ones. It was defined that the pedagogical conditions of the readiness formation of junior inspectors of the border guard service for professional activities at international border crossing points, which were developed by the authors and implemented in the process of training at the Main Personnel Training Center of the State Border Guard Service (SBGS) of Ukraine in general positively influenced their level of readiness formation for professional activity at international border crossing points.
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Agar, Michael. "Border lessons: Linguistic “rich points” and evaluative understanding." New Directions for Evaluation 2000, no. 86 (2000): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ev.1175.
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Hashemi, Amir, Martin Kreuzer, and Samira Pourkhajouei. "Computing all border bases for ideals of points." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 18, no. 06 (May 27, 2019): 1950102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498819501020.
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In this paper, we consider the problem of computing all possible order ideals and also sets connected to 1, and the corresponding border bases, for the vanishing ideal of a given finite set of points. In this context, two different approaches are discussed: based on the Buchberger–Möller Algorithm [H. M. Möller and B. Buchberger, The construction of multivariate polynomials with preassigned zeros, EUROCAM ’82 Conf., Computer Algebra, Marseille/France 1982, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 144, (1982), pp. 24–31], we first propose a new algorithm to compute all possible order ideals and the corresponding border bases for an ideal of points. The second approach involves adapting the Farr–Gao Algorithm [J. B. Farr and S. Gao, Computing Gröbner bases for vanishing ideals of finite sets of points, in 16th Int. Symp. Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes. AAECC-16, Las Vegas, NV, USA (Springer, Berlin, 2006), pp. 118–127] for finding all sets connected to 1, as well as the corresponding border bases, for an ideal of points. It should be noted that our algorithms are term ordering free. Therefore, they can compute successfully all border bases for an ideal of points. Both proposed algorithms have been implemented and their efficiency is discussed via a set of benchmarks.
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Keller, Jann T., Gerard H. Kuper, and Machiel Mulder. "Competition under revenue-cap regulation with efficiency benchmarking: tariff related incentives for gas transmission system operators in merged markets." Journal of Regulatory Economics 58, no. 2-3 (August 29, 2020): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11149-020-09414-z.
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Abstract In Europe, gas market mergers aim at reducing restrictions on gas wholesale markets. Market mergers also allow network users to book transport capacity at different gas transmission system operators (TSOs), which may give rise to inter-TSO competition. Our theoretical analysis reveals the incentive for TSOs, operating under a revenue-cap regulation in merged markets, to charge lower tariffs at borders where different TSOs offer capacity, compared to borders where only one TSO offers capacity. This incentive does not directly result from revenue-cap regulation but is due to efficiency benchmarking. We test this hypothesis by applying a panel data analysis to tariffs charged at German border points between 2015 and 2018. In line with our hypothesis, we find lower tariffs at those border points where network users have a choice between different TSOs. An additional sensitivity analysis differentiating between transit and meshed networks confirms this result. We conclude that German TSOs, operating in merged markets and under a revenue-cap regime with efficiency benchmarking, compete for demand at borders at which different TSOs offer capacity.
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Dahal, Girdhari. "Nepal and India Relation After 12 Points Understanding." Journal of Political Science 20 (October 4, 2020): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jps.v20i0.31795.
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With multidimensional aspects, Nepal India relation is historical, social, political and culturally embodied. Both countries adhere to a unique relationship of friendship and cooperation characterized by open borders and deep-rooted people-to-people contacts of kinship and culture. Pedestal on secondary data this article aims to discuss the major developments in Indo-Nepal relation after 12 points understanding. Nepalese and Indian governments, in order to review the past treaties and agreements between the two countries, made EPG of four members each from both countries. Similarly, Nepal and India exchanged high level visits between them. Nepal made a new constitution in 2015 and promulgated it. However, India was not satisfied with some of the content of it, so India imposed unilateral blockade. Later, Nepal India relation was normalized, and again, Nepal and India have a dispute on Limpiyadhura-Lipulekh border. The vital concern is what has happened to the relations built on historical ties? This paper looks at the relations India once had with Nepal, and where it stands today. There have been many ups and downs in Nepal India relation after 12 points understanding and even during the present border dispute. However, all problems and disputes can be solved through diplomatic dialogues at various levels. Bilateral relations can grow further with unfaltering commitment to the doctrines of peaceable coexistence, sovereign equality, and understanding of each other’s aspirations and sensitivities.
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Kontriková Šusteková, Ivana. "Dynamika nadlokálneho a lokálneho v každodennosti života na hranici (na príklade regiónu Kysuce)." Český lid 108, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21104/cl.2021.3.04.
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Border studies (currently also cross-border cooperation issues) is an interdisciplinary research specialization. The aim of the article is to present the spatial proximity influence of the state border on the everyday life reality of inhabitants of the Kysuce region in the 20th Century (overlapping with the present day) in both the local and supra-local context. With reference to the theory of the Irish sociologist Liam O'Dowd, it focuses on the Slovak state borders with Poland and the Czech Republic as a possible barrier, but also a bridge, a source of opportunities and a symbol of identity. It points out that in the villages bordering the Polish and Czech territories there has always been a relatively intensive mutual cultural transfer and contact of populations and therefore the borders cannot be perceived as an exclusively geopolitical phenomenon; their social and cultural dimension must be taken into account.
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BUCZYŃSKA, WERONIKA, and JAROSŁAW BUCZYŃSKI. "ON DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE BORDER RANK AND THE SMOOTHABLE RANK OF A POLYNOMIAL." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 57, no. 2 (December 17, 2014): 401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089514000378.
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AbstractWe consider higher secant varieties to Veronese varieties. Most points on the rth secant variety are represented by a finite scheme of length r contained in the Veronese variety – in fact, for a general point, the scheme is just a union of r distinct points. A modern way to phrase it is: the smoothable rank is equal to the border rank for most polynomials. This property is very useful for studying secant varieties, especially, whenever the smoothable rank is equal to the border rank for all points of the secant variety in question. In this note, we investigate those special points for which the smoothable rank is not equal to the border rank. In particular, we show an explicit example of a cubic in five variables with border rank 5 and smoothable rank 6. We also prove that all cubics in at most four variables have the smoothable rank equal to the border rank.
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Gazzotti, Lorena. "Deaths, Borders, and the Exception: Humanitarianism at the Spanish–Moroccan Border." American Behavioral Scientist 64, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 408–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219882990.
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This essay questions the rise of border humanitarianism in the North-Eastern Moroccan borderlands. The increasing presence of humanitarian organizations in contexts marked by border violence has raised the attention of a number of critical migration scholars. Observers, however, have failed to problematize the presence of humanitarian activities, traditionally connected to emergency contexts, in sites integrated in the “routinary” regulation of mobility. Building on 8 months of fieldwork conducted in 2016 and 2017, the article addresses this gap, taking the working of border humanitarianism as a vantage point to reflect on the relation of borders to the exception, on the role of violence in border maintenance and, ultimately, on the politics of life and death at the frontier. Drawing on the work of Salter and Vaughan Williams on exceptionalism and biopolitics at the border, the article makes two points. First, I argue that the ordinary functioning of the Spanish–Moroccan border is founded on the bestialization and devaluation of Black lives, often to the point of death. Second, I contend that the integration of the “exception” in border normalcy activates, challenges, and endlessly reproduces the need for emergency interventions. In this dystopian framework, humanitarianism becomes a tool for the ordinary maintenance of migrants’ degraded life, transformed by the border into a less-than-citizen, less-than-human form of existence.
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Furmankiewicz, Marek, Krzysztof Buryło, and Sylwia Dołzbłasz. "From service areas to empty transport corridors? The impact of border openings on service and retail facilities at Polish-Czech border crossings." Moravian Geographical Reports 28, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgr-2020-0011.
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AbstractLong-term changes in the development of service establishments in the vicinity of the border crossing points on the Polish-Czech border are discussed in this paper. These changes are the result of the border being opened and subsequent economic integration. A series of panel studies, which took place in 1995, 2000 and 2016, analysed of the locations and types of service establishments located within a half kilometre of 18 Polish-Czech border crossings. Given the increasing ease of crossing the border and the maintenance of passport and customs controls, the number of service and retail establishments increased until 2000. After the abolition of passport control in 2007, this number has decreased at many border crossings, with the most significant decreases in financial, insurance-related and commercial facilities (small shops). Most crossings have become little more than transport corridors that offer no important service functions. The total number of cultural, recreational and tourism-related establishments, however, has increased, mainly at border crossings located in towns and villages. The most important changes in service developments at the Polish-Czech border are discussed, as well as the probable reasons for these changes. The results may prove useful for spatial planning in municipalities that are located on the borders of countries undergoing political and economic integration.
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Hendow, Maegan, Alina Cibea, and Albert Kraler. "Using technology to draw borders: fundamental rights for the Smart Borders initiative." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 13, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-02-2014-0008.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the primary fundamental rights concerns related to biometrics and their use in automated border controls (ABCs), as well as how these issues converge in the European Commission’s Smart Borders proposal. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on extensive background research and qualitative in-depth interviews conducted in 2013 for the European Union (EU) FP-7 project “FastPass – A harmonized, modular reference system for all European automatic border crossing points”. Findings – The Smart Borders proposal not only compounds the individual concerns related to the use of biometrics in border controls and automatisation thereof, but also has serious issues of its own, premier among which is the imposition of a two-tier border control system. Social implications – The paper is a catalyst for open debate on the fundamental questions of how we got to this point and where do we want to go. It questions the process by which the increased use of IT in border controls has become the norm and policy trend in Europe, and discusses where the limits could be drawn from a fundamental rights perspective. In particular, it warns against the institutionalisation of a two-tier border control system among third-country nationals. Originality/value – Little attention is given to the fundamental rights concerns raised for EU and non-EU citizens as related to biometrics and their use in ABCs, and how these issues are reproduced in the Smart Borders proposal. The paper fills this gap by taking a bottom-up approach: examining the implications of individual elements of the proposal to see their impact on the broader policy.
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Kany, Marco. "Closing Time: EU Border Crossings During COVID-19." Borders in Globalization Review 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/bigr21202019964.
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There are more than 40 border crossings between the Federal State of Saarland, Lorraine and Luxembourg. In fact, Saarbrücken is the only one of the 16 state capitals of the Federal Republic of Germany on whose territory a state border runs. The urban area of Saarbrücken borders directly on France over a distance of more than 10 km. I was born in 1971 and grew up in a small village, pretty close to the French border. The border points were always easy to pass, even before the Schengen Agreement came into force. Like anybody, I accepted the rare controls. It was perhaps like accepting an annual cold. “After Schengen” the border disappeared more and more from my (and also the collective) consciousness over the years, a state that I still appreciate very much today. All the more it hit me to be confronted with closure of this border for the first time in my life. The obvious consequence for me was the creation of the photo series with which I wanted to document this unpleasant and hopefully unique state. All photos were taken between March 27 and April 10, 2020. For the compelte series, see my website.
» © Marco Kany | marcokany.de «
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Nikiforenko, V. "Combating Illegal Movement of Radioactive Materials and Objects Across the State Border of Ukraine." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 1(89) (March 19, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2021.1(89).04.
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This article, by using general scientific methods, presents the main issues and ways to improve the appropriate technical equipment of state border crossing points, legal responsibilities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and the main results of operational activities to combat the illegal movement of radioactive materials and objects across the state border. The article shows the results of international cooperation and the implementation of international technical assistance projects by the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on improving the system of prevention of illicit trafficking of radioactive materials and objects.
Furthermore, the article examines the main responsibilities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine on ensuring radiation safety, which affects the real needs of equipping the state border guard bodies with the necessary technical tools. It is indicated that the detection of suspicious objects at state border crossing points may be limited to detection of exceeding the permissible radiation level without details about its kind with their further transfer to specially authorised state authorities of Ukraine for detailed examination.
It is essential to note the need to improve the legal regulation of illegal trafficking of materials and objects that are hazardous radioactive sources across the state border considering negative economic and social consequences to the person, society, state and international community. There is an urgent need for well-defined regulation regarding the radiation materials and objects to prevent their movement across the state border without obtaining a special permit.
Taking into account the need to reduce the budget expenditure of the border agency, this article provides recommendations to determine the purpose of the state re-equipment program of state border crossing points with modern tools for detection of radiation sources.
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Huang, Qiang, Wen-Sheng Chen, Xiao-Yan Huang, and Ying-Ying Zhu. "Data Matrix Code Location Based on Finder Pattern Detection and Bar Code Border Fitting." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/515296.
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The 2-D bar code possesses large capacity of data, strong ability for error correction, and high safety, which boosts the 2-D bar code recognition technology being widely used and developed fast. This paper presents a novel algorithm for locating data matrix code based on finder pattern detection and bar code border fitting. The proposed method mainly involves three stages. It first extracts candidate regions that may contain a data matrix code by morphological processing and then locates the data matrix code roughly by detecting “L” finder pattern and the dashed border on the candidate regions. Finally, the lines fitted with the border points are used as the borders of data matrix code. A number of data matrix code images with complexity background are selected for evaluations. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits better performance under complex background and other undesirable conditions.
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Kumar, Anil. "Do Restrictions on Home Equity Extraction Contribute to Lower Mortgage Defaults? Evidence from a Policy Discontinuity at the Texas Border." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 268–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20140391.
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Texas is the only US state that limits home equity borrowing to 80 percent of home value. This paper exploits this policy discontinuity around Texas’ interstate borders and uses a multidimensional regression discontinuity design framework to find that limits on home equity borrowing in Texas lowered the likelihood of mortgage default by about 1.5 percentage points for all mortgages and 4–5 percentage points for non-prime mortgages. Estimated non-prime mortgage default hazards within 25 to 100 miles on either side of the Texas border are about 20 percent smaller when crossing into Texas. (JEL G21, G28, R31)
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Dołzbłasz, Sylwia. "Wybrane cechy zagospodarowania przestrzennego i aktywności gospodarczej w otoczeniu miejsc przekraczania granicy polsko-niemieckiej = Selected features of spatial management and economic activity in the vicinity of border-crossing points on the Polish-German border." Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 4 (2019): 487–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2019.4.3.
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A basic research topic taken up within the framework of border studies concerns the function of political borders, as well as changes therein over time. As a matter of special importance is then the location of border crossing points and the character of their immediate surroundings, much depends on the analysis of transformations these areas undergo, in line with shifting formal and legal circumstances, as well as in terms of infrastructure and socio-economic conditions. Poland’s 2007 accession to the EU’s Schengen Agreement obviously had a number of major consequences in this respect, not least along the Polish-German border where border posts underwent formal liquidation, and the border could theoretically be crossed along its entire length. The rules applying to an internal Schengen border are known to favour spatial development in border areas, as permeability increases and there may be a long-term trend for the role of a border as a barrier to decline. Notably, the local dimension would seem to be of great importance to the achievement of practical effects (Bufon, 2008). The work detailed here has had as its main aims the identification of the spatial--development features characterising crossings along the Polish-German border, and the analysis of economic activity in their immediate vicinity, under the circumstances of a now-open internal border within the Schengen Area. The analysis covered areas surrounding the formal border crossings abolished on 21.12.2007, as well as new places in which organised crossings began to take place (along roads, walking or cycle paths or railway lines). This scope of interest led to a field inventory of 47 areas on both the Polish and German sides, at which a border crossing was made possible by roads (n = 29), or along cycle or walking paths (n = 18). Data obtained allowed for an identification of key regularities as regards the maintenance of border infrastructure, the reuse of the buildings of former border posts, road infrastructure, and numbers and type structure where operating companies were concerned. The newly-created border-crossing points were mainly seen to locate along the section of border between Pargów and the coast of the Szczecin Lagoon, as well as in the Świnoujście area (where the boundary does not run along rivers).Interestingly, use was being made of only half the former border-post buildings, on both the Polish and German sides. Where new designations of activity were present, a degree of diversification was visible. Our results show clearly how difficult it may still prove to introduce new functions in the reality of an open, internal Schengen Area border. The study offers grounds for a perhaps-surprising conclusion that, given the conditions under which the Polish-German border still functions, a formal status as open does not preclude significant limitations still being imposed on the possibilities for borderland integration, in a spatial context in particular.
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Etilé, Asénath, Olivier Roig, Eric Bauge, Laurent Gaudefroy, and Vincent Méot. "C-BORD project: “Effective container inspection at BORDer control points”." EPJ Web of Conferences 146 (2017): 09027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201714609027.
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Zhao, Zhijie, Qian Wu, Huadong Sun, Xuesong Jin, Qin Tian, and Xiaoying Sun. "A Novel Sky Region Detection Algorithm Based On Border Points." International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition 8, no. 3 (March 31, 2015): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsip.2015.8.3.26.
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BOROVYK, O., L. BOROVYK, and N. SURZHAVSKA. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SIMPLIFYING CONTROL PROCEDURES AT CROSSING POINTS." Computer Systems and Information Technologies 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2020-1-4.
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The article is devoted to the substantiation of the structure of the decision support system for the simplification of control procedures at road checkpoints across the state border. As a result of the research, the structure of the decision support system for simplification of control procedures at road checkpoints is proposed. The structure is based on the analysis of the border control process at road checkpoints and technological features of its simplification, analysis of decision support models for the organization and technology of border control simplification, as well as analysis of problematic aspects of their implementation and identification of possible solutions. The article substantiates that the basis of the database management system models of the studied decision support system should be a model for determining the need for simplification of border control at road checkpoints, a model for determining the duration of simplification of border control and a model for selecting appropriate control actions for individuals and vehicles. queues. The basis of the database management system of the studied decision support system should be databases relating to the situation at the checkpoint, which changes dynamically over time, the characteristics of the queue of vehicles, tactical and technical characteristics of those vehicles from which the queue may be formed. car checkpoint, departmental database "Gart - 1 P", a database concerning the rules of crossing the state border, a database of information signs of offenses at the state border and risk profiles.
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Abi-Ghosn, Carole, Carla Zogheib, and Joseph E. Makzoumé. "Relationship between the Occlusal Plane corresponding to the Lateral Borders of the Tongue and Ala-tragus Line in Edentulous Patients." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 5 (2012): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1192.
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ABSTRACT Aim Definitions of the ala-tragus line (ATL) cause confusion, because the exact points of reference for this line do not agree. This study determined the relationship between the prosthetic occlusal plane (OP) corresponding to the lateral borders of the tongue and ATL which was established by using the inferior border of the ala of the nose and (1) the superior border of the tragus (ATL 1), (2) the tip (ATL 2) and (3) the inferior border of the tragus (ATL 3). Materials and methods Neutral zone moldings using phonation and autopolymerizing acrylic resin were recorded and leveled with the lateral borders of the tongue. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of each subject by a standard method. Tracings were obtained on acetate paper to show the prosthetic OP and the three ATLs. The relationship between the prosthetic OP and each of ATL was measured for each subject. Mean and standard deviation values were then calculated for the relationship. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measure analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni pairwise comparisons and Student's t-test (α = 0.05). Results Significant difference was found between the three mean angles (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean angle (5.00° ± 4.38) formed by OP and ATL 2, and the mean angle (4.90° ± 3.50) formed by OP and ATL 3 (p = 1.00) which revealed the smallest. Conclusion The findings of this study indicated that ATLs, extending from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to (1) the tip of the tragus of the ear, and (2) the inferior border of the tragus presented the closest relationship to the prosthetic OP corresponding to the lateral borders of the tongue. Clinical significance When the ATL is used for orientation of the OP in denture construction, it would seem preferable to define it as running from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the tip or to the inferior border of the tragus of the ear. How to cite this article Abi-Ghosn C, Zogheib C, Makzoumé JE. Relationship between the Occlusal Plane corresponding to the Lateral Borders of the Tongue and Ala-tragus Line in Edentulous Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):590-594.
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Al-mamory, Safaa O. "On the Enhancement of Classification Algorithms Using Biased Samples." Inteligencia Artificial 22, no. 64 (October 24, 2019): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4114/intartif.vol22iss64pp36-46.
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Classification algorithms' performance could be enhanced by selecting many representative points to be included in the training sample. In this paper, a new border and rare biased sampling (BRBS) scheme is proposed by assigning each point in the dataset an importance factor. The importance factor of border points and rare points (i.e. points belong to rare classes) is higher than other points. Then the points are selected to be in the training sample depending on these factors. Including these points in the training sample enhances classifiers experience. The results of experiments on 10 UCI machine learning repository datasets prove that the BRBS algorithm outperforms many sampling algorithms and enhanced the performance of several classification algorithms by about 8%. BRBS is proposed to be easy to configure, covering all points space, and generate a unique samples every time it is executed.
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Grainger, Andrew, and Cristiano Morini. "Disentangling cross-border interactions." International Journal of Logistics Management 30, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 958–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-10-2018-0255.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to disentangle the interactions between logistics operators and government stakeholders in cross-border logistics operations with a specific focus on the UK and Brazil. Design/methodology/approach The research builds on supporting literature. The comparative cases of the UK and Brazil are examined by reference to an extensive series of focus group workshops as well as a series of interviews with key informants. Care was taken to make sure that comprehensive engagement the respective business and government communities were in place, and that there were opportunities to feedback on the analysis. Findings Suggestions were provided on how to improve the business–government interactions in cross-borders logistics operations. The analysis considered transaction costs and scope for trade facilitation. The research also helped produce a descriptive model of business–government interactions in cross-border logistics operations. Research limitations/implications The paper points to new directions in the understanding of how businesses interact with government agencies, and the kind of issues they face in cross-border logistics operations. However, the research only looked at two countries and there is significant scope for further enquiry within the logistics literature. Practical implications Reduced transaction costs at the border and subsequent economic opportunities for the UK and Brazil. Social implications A list of practical reform recommendations informed by the business communities of the UK and Brazil. Originality/value This paper’s original contribution to the literature is its framework for the analysis of transaction costs associated with the business–government interactions in cross-border logistics operations. In addition to the resulting findings in Brazil and the UK it may serve as a template for research elsewhere.
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Lenette, Caroline, and Natasa Miskovic. "‘Some viewers may find the following images disturbing’: Visual representations of refugee deaths at border crossings." Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal 14, no. 1 (October 20, 2016): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741659016672716.
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The emotional reaction and outrage following the publication of photographs of Alan Kurdi who drowned while crossing borders in September 2015 highlighted the major impact visual representations of refugee deaths at border crossings can have on public opinions and political will. The impact of these photographs also shows that depictions of deaths as a result of border crossings are relatively rare in the media; analyses of such representations and their potential impact on policy are also neglected in the literature. This article offers a commentary on the key themes linked to visual representations of refugee deaths at border crossings by considering three recent examples, and argues for further interdisciplinary discussions on such images. It focuses on two points: that depicting refugees alone has a greater impact on viewers and is more likely to trigger sympathy or outrage; concurrently, that anonymity can reduce viewers’ ability to connect with the tragedy. This discussion adds to the body of literature on the links between media representations and policymaking, and on the mediation of human vulnerability through visual means. The themes outlined here have much currency in contemporary discussions on refugee deaths at border crossings.
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Turnock, David. "Cross-border cooperation: A major element in regional policy in the new East Central Europe." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 112-113 (2002): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn0213149t.
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Borders in East Central Europe have become much more permeable over the past ten years as formalities have been simplified and many new crossing points have opened. At the same time, cooperation in border regions has increased, thanks mainly to the EU 'Interreg' programmes, to include a range of business cultural and conservation interests. In many cases these arrangements have been formalized through Euroregions which have become an indicator of good international relations. The paper reviews these trends with reference to examples and pays particular attention to environmental projects and the joint planning initiatives being undertaken in a number of Euroregions. At a time when regional policy has been generally weak, cross-border cooperation has contributed significantly to cohesion and it is also a good indicator of stability in the region. However, the impact has been greater in the north than in the Balkans and the first round of EU eastern enlargement will have implications for cooperation across the new external borders.
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Šolić, Mirna. "Poetics of the Borders: Meeting Points and Representational Border-Crossings in Contemporary Central and Eastern European Cinema." Ekphrasis. Images, Cinema, Theory, Media 23, no. 1 (July 3, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/ekphrasis.23.1.
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Woyo, Erisher, and Elmarie Slabbert. "Cross-border destination marketing of attractions between borders: the case of Victoria Falls." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights 2, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhti-10-2018-0073.
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PurposeThe success of tourism destinations is in many cases measured from a competitive advantage perspective, not from a collaborative advantage perspective, which limits the possibilities of destination marketing in a collaborative cross-border context. Currently, the marketing efforts of Victoria Falls are highly fragmented as each country promotes the attraction separately. The purpose of this paper is to explore the cross-border destination marketing possibilities and realities of Victoria Falls from a demand and supply side perspective.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach was applied in this study, with two separate surveys being conducted. Data for the demand side were collected by means of a questionnaire that was distributed by fieldworkers, while data for the supply side were collected online. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analyses and one-way analysis of variance.FindingsFive specific tourist motivations for visiting Victoria Falls were identified using demand data, of which sightseeing and destination attributes were the most important. Significant differences were found for tourists’ cross-border experiences using different border access points. Using supply data, challenges and opportunities of cross-border marketing were analysed. The most important opportunity was identified as cooperation, while the key challenges were economic and policy related. It is important to see the bigger picture and how cooperation can benefit both countries, which is unfortunately not currently the case for Zambia and Zimbabwe.Practical implicationsThere is a need for tourism destinations to shift from competition-based strategies to collaboration-based strategies in order to be successful. Cross-border marketing requires that each country understands tourists’ motivations and experiences. For Zambia and Zimbabwe to increase their tourist arrivals, income and investment opportunities, both countries must move away from isolating their marketing efforts of Victoria Falls. It is important to look beyond the individual benefits for each country and focus on the combined benefits. The challenges identified in this study must be addressed if Zambia and Zimbabwe’s cross-border marketing of Victoria Falls is to be effective. The integration of demand and supply views is thus critical for cross-border marketing to be effective and successful.Originality/valueResearch on cross-border destination marketing of shared border attractions is limited. With regard to Victoria Falls, such research has never been explored in an academic context. This study has value for destination marketers of Zambia and Zimbabwe, especially for attractions that are shared between their borders such as Victoria Falls and Kariba Dam. Additionally, the study has implications for attractions that are shared across the borders of southern African countries like Zimbabwe, South Africa and Mozambique, as well as other attractions shared between borders in the global context.
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Лемешко, Ольга Василівна, Олена Володимирівна Янковець, Володимир Володимирович Лемешко, Андрій Володимирович Янковець, and Ірина Олегівна Басараба. "MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSES AS A MEANS OF BORDER GUARDS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 75, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v75i1.2969.
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Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years as a modern learning technology. This paper examines the issue of developing professional competencies in further training of border guards through MOOCs. Mobile learning, distance education, use of the information technologies have been differentiated. The preparation for life-long learning is especially important for border guards due to the rapid development of the information technology. Further education helps them counter threats to national security, conflicts and non-standard situations at the border crossing points, and new methods violators use to forge documents, to smuggle goods and to cross the state border. The use of MOOCs for advanced training in the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine has been analyzed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the application of MOOCs for developing professional competencies of border guards. Each MOOC is aimed at developing the Integral competence, General competencies and Professional (special) competencies of border guard officers. The ability to communicate in English is one of the special competencies of border guards, and it is essential for effective protection of the state border. The peculiarities of development of MOOC “Conducting the second line check at border crossing points” for training of border guards who serve in the border guard units and want to be promoted to higher positions have been investigated. The experiment was carried out at the Bohdan Khmelnytskyi National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine and involved 276 border guards. The analysis of the results of the developed distance course testified its effectiveness. The generalization of feedback from the participants in this course also indicated an increase in the motivation of border guards to develop personal professional skills, especially for communication in a foreign language. The results of the study have been further discussed and the practical suggestions for MOOC developers have been outlined.
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Bohidar, Nabesh, Navneet Kaur, Prakash Pandeya, and Sanjai Awasthi. "Patterns of migration from Nepal to India through two border points." International Journal of Migration and Border Studies 3, no. 2/3 (2017): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmbs.2017.083215.
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Awasthi, Sanjai, Prakash Pandeya, Navneet Kaur, and Nabesh Bohidar. "Patterns of Migration from Nepal to India through Two Border Points." International Journal of Migration and Border Studies 3, no. 2-3 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmbs.2017.10001425.
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Smith, Garrett C., Jeffrey M. Coy, and Andrew C. Spieler. "Cross-border transactions, mergers and the inconsistency of international reference points." Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance 22 (June 2019): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2019.01.001.
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Breitung, Werner. "Transformation of a Boundary Regime: The Hong Kong and Mainland China Case." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 34, no. 10 (October 2002): 1749–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3566.
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Since 1997 the border between Hong Kong and Mainland China has been officially referred to as a boundary, instead of a border. In this paper the author analyses to what extent actual changes in cross-border interactions support this notional change. It points to an ongoing step-by-step integration process on the functional level. The main empirical basis of this analysis is a survey on cross-border trips in 1999, supplemented by additional data. In looking at the changing boundary regime between Hong Kong and Mainland China the author also develops a framework for the study of border regimes and their transformation in general.
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Studzińska, Dominika, and Stanisław Domaniewski. "The Border as a Resource for the Development of Borderland: A Comparative Analysis of Two Polish Urban Centres at the External Border of the European Union." Quaestiones Geographicae 35, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2016-0042.
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Abstract The entry into force of the Agreement between the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation on visa- free movement in 2012 caused an increase in border permeability, and hence a sudden increase in border crossings. The border which used to divide the neighbouring states started linking them instead. Crossing the border became part of the everyday life of local communities. Actors on both sides benefited from the commercial services of the other country. For Kaliningrad citizens, border-crossing points became gates to Europe, and for Poles, a resource improving the quality of life via petty trade. The aim of this article is to compare two border cities: Braniewo, a town located in the immediate vicinity of the border-crossing point, and Tri-City, which has become a new border centre after the introduction of small border traffic. Two viewpoints on the effect of local border traffic are presented. The first is the perspective of a typical border city. The other is that of the effect of an increase in border permeability on a major urban centre - Tri-City.
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Budiak, Yu I., B. A. Giter, and E. A. Grechko. "Cross-border cooperation in the Czech-Austrian borderland." Regional'nye issledovaniya, no. 2 (2019): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/1994-5280-2019-2-7.
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After WWII the transformation of the Czech-Austrian borderlands is connected with destruction of single ethno-cultural and economic space, lengthy period of the border impenetrability, social and economic backwardness of the borderlands. That period of Czech-Austrian relations has had lasting impact, strengthening the mental borders between the Austrian and the Czech that slows the recovery of the ties. The Czech-Austrian interaction within the framework of euroregions play a significant role in the revival of relationships. Among the existing in the Czech Republic euroregions with the participation of Austria (Shumava, Pomoraví, Silva Nortica), only Silva Nortica completely based on bilateral Czech-Austrian cooperation for the sustainable development of border areas. The article examines causes and consequences of the Czech-Austrian ties destruction, as well as the process of their recovery using the case of the Euroregion Silva Nortica. In the paper, we showed the importance of non-economic factors in the development of cross-border cooperation. Despite significant progress in the economic relations between Austria and the Czech Republic, especially in trade and tourism, the interaction in the borderlands remains low. To enhance this interaction, the countries attempts to create new “points of attraction” by consolidation of public services, for example, fire department within the euroregions
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Awoonor-Williams, John Koku, Cheryl A. Moyer, and Martin Nyaaba Adokiya. "Self-reported challenges to border screening of travelers for Ebola by district health workers in northern Ghana: An observational study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): e0245039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245039.
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Background The 2013–2016 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak remains the largest on record, resulting in the highest mortality and widest geographic spread experienced in Africa. Ghana, like many other African nations, began screening travelers at all entry points into the country to enhance disease surveillance and response. This study aimed to assess the challenges of screening travelers for EVD at border entry in northern Ghana. Design and methods This was an observational study using epidemiological weekly reports (Oct 2014-Mar 2015) of travelers entering Ghana in the Upper East Region (UER) and qualitative interviews with 12 key informants (7 port health officers and 5 district directors of health) in the UER. We recorded the number of travelers screened, their country of origin, and the number of suspected EVD cases from paper-based weekly epidemiological reports at the border entry. We collected qualitative data using an interview guide with a particular focus on the core and support functions (e.g. detection, reporting, feedback, etc.) of the World Health Organization’s Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response system. Quantitative data was analyzed based on travelers screened and disaggregated by the three most affected countries. We used inductive approach to analyze the qualitative data and produced themes on knowledge and challenges of EVD screening. Results A total of 41,633 travelers were screened, and only 1 was detained as a suspected case of EVD. This potential case was eventually ruled out via blood test. All but 52 of the screened travelers were from Ghana and its contiguous neighbors, Burkina Faso and Togo. The remaining 52 were from the four countries most affected by EVD (Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Mali). Challenges to effective border screening included: inadequate personal protective equipment and supplies, insufficient space or isolation rooms and delays at the border crossings, and too few trained staff. Respondents also cited lack of capacity to confirm cases locally, lack of cooperation by some travelers, language barriers, and multiple entry points along porous borders. Nonetheless, no potential Ebola case identified through border screening was confirmed in Ghana. Conclusion Screening for Ebola remains sub-optimal at the entry points in northern Ghana due to several systemic and structural factors. Given the likelihood of future infectious disease outbreaks, additional attention and support are required if Ghana is to minimize the risk of travel-related spread of illness.
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Hu, Zhiding, and Victor Konrad. "Repositioning security spaces of exclusion, exception, and integration in China–Southeast Asia borderlands." Regions and Cohesion 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2021.110202.
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English Abstract: Formerly localized, restricted border interaction between China and Southeast Asia has shifted to extensive cross-border engagement along regulated borders with a hierarchy of crossings and expansive borderlands. This expanded security system reveals rescaled and repositioned border security infrastructure and practice into a point and corridor system with vanguard crossings at Hekou, Mohan and Ruili. Fundamental shifts are concurrent focus on primary crossings and spatially extensive borderlands that encompass diminished attention to lesser crossings, beyond the border implementation of security checkpoints, mobile security, and compromise, to enable effective management of expansive borderlands. These borderlands mediate space and enable spatial reapportionment of security to accommodate greatly enhanced cross-border flows of people, goods, and information, thus shaping extensive spaces of exclusion and integration and focused places of exception.Spanish Abstract: La anteriormente restringida interacción fronteriza China–Sudeste Asiático, cambió a un extenso compromiso de fronteras reguladas con una jerarquía de cruces y zonas transfronterizas expansivas. Este sistema ampliado de seguridad, revela la infraestructura y prácticas transfronterizas reescaladas y reubicadas como puntos y sistemas de corredores con cruces de vanguardia en Hekou, Mohan y Ruili. Los cambios se enfocan en los cruces primarios y extensión de fronteras, disminuyendo la atención a los cruces menores —después de la implementación de puntos de control de seguridad—, la seguridad móvil y el compromiso a una gestión fronteriza eficaz. Estas zonas permiten la redistribución espacial de la seguridad acomodando los intensificados flujos transfronterizos de personas, bienes e información, conformando espacios de exclusión e integración, así como lugares de excepción focalizados. French Abstract: L’interaction frontalière entre la Chine et l’Asie du Sud-Est, autrefois localisée et limitée, s’est transformée en un engagement transfrontalier réglementé avec une hiérarchie de passages et des zones frontalières étendues. Ce système de sécurité élargi révèle une infrastructure et une pratique de sécurité frontalière redimensionnées et repositionnées dans un système de points et de corridors avec des passages d’avant-garde à Hekou, Mohan et Ruili. Les changements fondamentaux se concentrent sur les principaux points de passage, les zones frontalières étendues, la mise en œuvre de points de contrôle de sécurité, la sécurité mobile et le compromis, pour permettre une gestion effi cace des zones frontalières étendues. Ces dernières permettre ent la médiation de l’espace et la réaffectation spatiale de la sécurité afin d’accueillir des fl ux transfrontaliers de personnes, de biens et d’informations considérablement accrus, façonnant ainsi de vastes espaces d’exclusion et d’intégration et des lieux d’exception ciblés.
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Balendr, Andrii V., Oksana I. Komarnytska, Ihor H. Bloshchynskyi, and Oleksandr V. Didenko. "ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В ІНШОМОВНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ФАХІВЦІВ З ОХОРОНИ КОРДОНУ КРАЇН ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ." Information Technologies and Learning Tools 67, no. 5 (October 30, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33407/itlt.v67i5.2305.
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The article reveals the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the foreign languages training of the European Union countries border guards, such as: implementation of the student-centered approach; development of the communicative component of foreign languages training of border guards using ICT; introduction of mobile learning (using of mobile gadgets); the use of augmented, virtual and mixed reality technology. An overview of the possibilities of using augmented, virtual and mixed reality technologies based on the developed by FRONTEX Agency learning tools: An Electronic Training Course (ETC) "English for Personnel of the border crossing points"; ETC on the basis of mobile learning technology (m-learning), English for self-study of EU countries border guards - "English for border guards"; ETC "Training of marine safety specialists on board of a ship" using VR technology; training course on interviewing irregular migrants based on VR technology; interactive program for the first line officers on Schengen law. The content, structure and objectives of the electronic course "Communicative English for Border Guards’ professional use" based on the Virtual Aula web platform has been considered in detail. The training course is an example of an innovative, communicative educational tool for English learning, it is a student-centered, professionally-oriented one and contributes to the development of the professional foreign language competence of the personnel of the border guard authorities. The experience of developing an ETCs for the professional training needs of the border guards in the EU countries provides an opportunity for the specialists in the field of border guards training and education to develop professionally-oriented ETCs according to present-day requirements and common border guard educational standards. Summarizing the responses from the participants of the course shows its effectiveness and students’ motivation to improve their communicative foreign language competence, resulting in their average score increased from 3.92 to 4.11 points.
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Shults, Svitlana. "Legal framework of border infrastructure development." Regional Economy, no. 3 (2019): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2019-3-3.
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The paper emphasizes that development of border infrastructure according to standards and requirements of international standards is one of the major tasks of the measures taken to increase transit capacity of border areas. Therefore, the issues of border infrastructure development should be one of the priority tasks of both central and local authorities. Nowadays, although there is a range of regulative, legal and strategic documents developed to support the functioning of border infrastructure, they need improvement oriented on new requirements and European integration course of Ukraine. The paper aims to analyze regulative, legal and program documents to develop border infrastructure, reveal problem and controversial points in them and suggest recommendations regarding their elimination. Special attention is paid to analysis of the range of legal, regulative, strategic and program documents to support the development of border infrastructure. In the first place, they are the documents that regulate the activity in cross-border cooperation, spatial development and territorial planning, transport activity and transport networks functioning as well as regulative acts regarding the activity of state border service and border crossing points, etc. Among the analyzed documents are the Laws of Ukraine “On Cross-Border Cooperation”, “On General Scheme of Planning of the Territory of Ukraine”, “On Regulation of Urban Planning Activity”, “On Automobile Roads”, “On the Sources of Funding of Road Economy of Ukraine”, “On Concessions to Build and Maintain Roads”, “On Public-Private Partnership”. Moreover, a range of documents of strategic nature, which substantiate the place of border infrastructure in implementation of long-term priorities of Ukraine’s development and defines the perspectives of its modernization, is analyzed, namely 2020 State Regional Development Strategy, Concept of Creation and Functioning of National Network of International Transport Corridors in Ukraine, State Border Service Development Strategy, 2030 National Transport Strategy of Ukraine, Concept of Reforming of Transport Sector of Economy, Concept of State Targeted Law Enforcement Program “2020 Development and Reconstruction of State Border”. Program documents of border infrastructure development support are also analyzed, namely 2016-2020 State Program of Cross-Border Cooperation Development and 2018-2022State Targeted Economic Program of Public Automobile Roads Development.
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Kyfiak, Oleksandr. "Pricing as a component of a marketing strategy for the development of tourism destinations in the West-Ukrainian border areas." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 1(91) (January 1, 2019): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.01.051.
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Based on the analysis and observation of the effective use of tourism opportunities in West-Ukrainian border areas, the study defines the following key tourist attractions: historical, cultural and architectural sights; unique natural recreational resources; proximity to borders and transport accessibility; organized local cross-border circulation (border- crossing by tourists, local residents, businesspeople); ethnic ties; knowledge of languages, traditions, customs and rituals; cross-border cooperation and membership in European regions; developed frontier infrastructure; the capacity of border crossing points, etc. The results of monitoring and comparing prices for tourism services and tourism products in the West-Ukrainian border areas and adjacent regions of other countries, there price differences for the same sets of tourism services, quality of services and function, as well as factors influencing the pricing in tourist destinations. Using Tourist Lviv as an example of pricing in a tourist destination, the specific features and the most common methods for pricing are determined. The author states that the analysis of demand for tourism services in tourist destinations such as Tourist Lviv, Sports Bukovel, Health Truskavets, Recreation Morshyn, Tourist Bukovyna, Historical Khotyn has helped to introduce innovative approaches to pricing in these destinations. It is proposed to regulate prices dynamically depending on the value for money for particular tourism services. The author also suggests other approaches based on the purchasing power of tourists in destinations where prices for guided group tours with interpreters and instructors are much cheaper than those for individual travelers, and where new exclusive special tours promote introducing client-oriented prices at the point of equilibrium between interests of sellers and buyers. It is established that in many popular tourist destinations in the West-Ukrainian border areas the paradigm of fixed pricing is becoming a paradigm of dynamic pricing, and dynamic pricing strategies seem to be more rational in comparison with fixed pricing strategies.
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Sipos, Tibor, Zsombor Szabó, and Árpád Török. "Spatial Econometric Cross-Border Traffic Analysis for Passenger Cars – Hungarian Experience." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 33, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v33i2.3641.
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The role of cross-border commuting needs is remarkable, given that large cross-border cities tend to have high traffic attractiveness. Thus, agglomeration effects are strongly prevalent in populous settlements close to the border. This is due to the fact that both Hungary and the neighboring countries are burdened by spatial inequalities; therefore, the traffic at the individual border crossing points is unbalanced. Our aim is to show the extent to which the introduction of certain public transport modes contributes to the reduction of cross-border passenger car traffic. In order to do this, we have to set up a spatial econometric model that can simultaneously handle the parallel public transport infrastructure, the cross-border attractiveness of border cities, and the impact of spatial inequalities. The results of the research shed light on how the introduction of each means of transport contributes to increasing the competitiveness of border regions. This will demonstrate the effectiveness of policy tools that can improve the competitiveness of a given macroregion.
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Blok, Marek, Bartosz Czaplewski, Sylwester Kaczmarek, Jacek Litka, Marcin Narloch, and Maciej Sac. "Stradar — Multimedia Dispatcher and Teleinformation System for the Border Guard." Scientific Journal of Polish Naval Academy 216, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjpna-2019-0006.
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Abstract Security of national borders requires utilization of multimedia surveillance systems automatically gathering, processing and sharing various data. The paper presents such a system developed for the Maritime Division of the Polish Border Guard within the STRADAR project. The system, apart from providing communication means, gathers data, such as map data from AIS, GPS and radar receivers, videos and photos from camera or audio from phone calls and SMS messages, from multiple mobile units and stationary points located along the coastline. All gathered data can be visualized on a multidisplay by the personnel that can dynamically select presented data and configure form of presentation. The paper describes system functionalities, its hardware and software implementation, and presents results of acceptance tests that the system have recently passed.
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Elyta, Elyta, Syarifah Ema Rahmaniah, and Hendra Ramdani. "China's Policy to Close Borders to Prevent the Spread of the Second Wave of Covid-19 Virus." Journal of Islamic World and Politics 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v5i1.11220.
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At the beginning of 2020, the world was shocked by the outbreak of Covid-19, which was known to have originated from Wuhan. The increase in cases of local transmission in China's border region with Russia has sparked new concerns. In writing this paper, the author uses data collection methods with literature studies from journals and electronic books, including data from trusted websites through internet searches in the form of soft files that can support the paper's explanation. From the results of this paper, the reader can see that it is divided into several essential points explaining how China's policy to close the border in Russia to prevent the spread of the Covid-19 Virus in their country, first, how the procedures carried out by China in tightening checks on Russian borders. And Second, knowing how China monitors its citizens by using cell phones.