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1
Solhan, Marika. "Affective instability and impulsivity in borderline personality disorder." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4605.
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Thesis (M.A.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 28, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Stinson, Jill D., and Brittany V. Williams. "Redefining Borderline Personality Disorder: BPD, DSM-v, and Emotion Regulation Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7970.
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Theunissen, Chris. "A multidimensional developmental neuropsychological model of borderline personality disorder (BPD) : examining evidence for impairments in 'executive function' /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050602.162509.
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White, Elliott P. "Social cognition skills in borderline personality disorder." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12836/.
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Section A reviewed 18 empirical behavioural studies on empathy and mental state inference (MSI) skills in those meeting Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) criteria. The review was situated within Mentalization theory (MBT), which posits a central link between such skills and complex needs presentation. Firm conclusions about BPD mentalization skills are difficult as deficits, enhanced abilities and no differences from non-patients are reported. None of the reviewed papers stimulated attachment system arousal, as warranted by mentalization theory. Economic game research was highlighted as offering value in assessing self-directed mentalization, an under-researched area. Section B sought to test MBT and other model’s claim that empathy and Mental State inference (MSI) skills are differentially degraded in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). 27 people meeting BPD criteria and a matched non-patient group had empathy assessed with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Task and MSI assessed with a modified economic game. This was done before and after a novel attachment system intervention. Empathy skills were less accurate in the BPD group. Other findings including game behaviour, fairness ratings and a social cue selective prioritisation in non-patients only are discussed. The theoretical links and suggestions for clinical innovation and research development are provided.
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Jahng, Seungmin. "Analysis of affective instability on ecological momentary assessments data successive difference, variance decomposition, and mean comparison via multilevel modeling /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5077.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on May 11, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Searle, Yvonne. "Multi-impulsive bulimia : a variant of borderline personality disorder?" Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297044.
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Quigley, Brian David. "Diagnostic relapse in Borderline Personality Disorder: risk and protective factors." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1237.
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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is one of the more common personality disorder diagnoses observed in psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. Previous studies have found that individuals with BPD may be expected to experience difficulties throughout their lifetimes and they may repeatedly return for psychological treatment. Whereas previous studies have attempted to identify various factors related to relapse in other chronically recurring disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and substance abuse, studies examining factors associated with relapse in BPD, and personality disorders in general, are absent from the scientific literature. This exploratory study examined whether specific risk and protective factors (dynamic and/or static) identified from the general relapse literature were associated with diagnostic relapse in BPD. Results revealed that variables related to an increased likelihood for BPD relapse included: substance abuse or Major Depressive Disorder, higher Neuroticism, and lower Conscientiousness. In addition, having a steady work or school status after remission was found to protect against a BPD relapse in the presence of various risk factors. Although this study has several limitations, these results provide some of the first insights to the processes of relapse and continued remission in BPD patients. Continued research efforts in this area can help to identify individuals who are at a greater risk for BPD relapse and potentially to design effective relapse-prevention strategies for the treatment of BPD.
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Stepp, Stephanie. "Predictive validity of the five-factor model profiles for antisocial and borderline personality disorders." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4743.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 14. 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Geyer, Connie. "An exploration of change and 'borderline personality disorder (BPD)'." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2013. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12456/.
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The objective of this study was to explore personal experiences of change of people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) who had partaken in psychological therapy. The aim was to develop the first model of change grounded in service user experience so that this could inform recovery-oriented practice in relation to this client group. A constructivist grounded theory design was chosen. Eight people with a diagnosis of BPD who had completed group-based therapy programmes or were currently attending a peer support group were interviewed about their experiences of change using a semi-structured, open-ended format. An initial model was developed and refined through triangulation with three published accounts of experiences of change in the context of a BPD diagnosis. ‘Discovering “new ways of being” in interpersonal space’ was conceptualised as the core process underpinning pertinent activities and experiences relating to change in people diagnosed with BPD. This interactive, relational process was facilitated in environments that were felt to be both containing and open to conflict. It involved increasing levels of self-disclosure, information exchange, exploration of mental states, experimentation with new behaviours and the consolidation of new ways of being. The core process appeared to extend beyond the therapeutic setting if supported through a relationship with a secure base. Regardless of therapeutic allegiance, effective interventions for people diagnosed with BPD might share a common core change process. Further research is required into change processes in the context of individual psychological therapies and negative therapeutic experiences.
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au, chris theunissen@health wa gov, and Christopher Theunissen. "A Multidimensional Developmental Neuropsychological Model of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD): Examining Evidence for Impairments in Executive Function." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050602.162509.
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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a serious psychiatric disorder characterised by turbulent interpersonal relationships, impaired self image, impulsivity, and a recurrent pattern of unstable affect which is usually evident by early adulthood. It has a community prevalence rate of two per cent, and approximately nine per cent of people diagnosed with BPD commit suicide. This suggests that BPD has one of the highest lethality rates of all psychiatric disorders. The course of the disorder shows a steady improvement over the course of early adulthood with the majority of cases remitting by middle age. This positive but incomplete long-term recovery is thought to be a naturalistic outcome that is independent of treatment effect.
The reported study sought to test selected components of a multidimensional developmental neuropsychological model of executive functioning in BPD. The model proposed that BPD is characterised by impairments to four neuropsychological executive functions. These include working memory, response inhibition, affective-attentional bias, and problem-solving. The model further proposed that impaired executive functioning in BPD occurs as a result of the failure of experience-dependent maturation of orbitofrontal structures. These structures are closely associated with the development of the cognitive executive.
The study incorporated a cross-sectional design to analyse data from a BPD group, a Depressed Control Group, and a Medical Control Group. The overall findings of the study returned limited support for the original hypotheses. There was no evidence of deficits in working memory, response-inhibition, or problem-solving. In contrast, the BPD group returned some evidence of deficits in affective-attentional bias.
Therefore, the results suggest that executive functioning remains largely intact in BPD. This also suggests that people with BPD have the working memory resources necessary to facilitate abstract cognition, have the capacity to effectively plan and execute future-oriented acts, and are able to perform appropriate problem-solving functions. These problem-solving returns are also particularly significant because a number of the tasks utilised in the study are known to be associated with so-called frontal-executive function. These unremarkable findings challenge the view that people with BPD might experience some form of subtle neurological impairment associated with frontal-lobe compromise.
The Stroop measure of affective-attentional bias provided the only supportive evidence for the proposed model, and these findings can be accounted for by at least two different explanations. The first suggests that BPD might be characterised by a hypervigilant attentional set. The specific cause of hypervigilance in BPD is unknown, but some candidate factors appear to be the often-reported abuse histories of borderlines, insecure attachment histories, and deficits in parental bonding. The second interpretation suggests that the Stroop findings reflect a form of response conflict in which BPD participants experience difficulties overriding tasks that rely on the enunciation of automatic neural routines.
As a result of these findings, further research on the role of arousal, priming, hypervigilance, and response-conflict in BPD is required. It is likely that the Stroop findings reflect a basic, hard-wired attentional mechanism that consolidates by early adolescence at the latest. As a result, the Stroop findings have implications for both the prevention and treatment of BPD.
A number of prevention strategies could be developed to address the attentional issues identified in the present study. These include assisting children to more effectively regulate arousal and affect, and assisting parents to communicate affectively with children in order to enhance self-regulation. The treatment implications suggest that interventions directed at affective-attentional processes are required, and further suggest the need for new pharmacotherapies and psychological treatments to modify dysfunctional attentional process. Affective neuroscience will have an increasingly important role to play in the understanding of BPD, and the next quarter century is likely to witness exciting advances in understanding this most problematic of disorders.
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Jahng, Seungmin Kolenikov Stanislav. "A mixed model for variance of successive difference of stationary time series modeling temporal instability in intensive longitudinal data /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6279.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb. 18, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dr. Stanislav Kolenikov, Thesis Supervisor Includes bibliographical references.
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Wupperman, Peggilee. "Are Deficits in Mindfulness Core Features of Borderline Personality Disorder?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5332/.
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Mindfulness is a core component of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), a widely utilized treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD); however, the import of mindfulness in treating BPD has yet to be demonstrated, and the relationship of mindfulness to BPD constructs is unclear. The current study utilized structural equation modeling to examine the relations of mindfulness with BPD features and the underlying constructs of interpersonal problem-solving effectiveness, impulsivity, emotion regulation strategies, and neuroticism in 342 young adults. Mindfulness was significantly related to effectiveness in interpersonal problem-solving, impulsivity and passivity in emotion regulation, and borderline features. Furthermore, mindfulness continued to predict borderline features when controlling for interpersonal problem-solving and impulsive/passive emotion-regulation strategies, as well as when controlling for neuroticism. It is concluded that difficulties with mindfulness may represent a core feature of BPD and that improvement in mindfulness may be a key component of treatment efficacy with BPD. It is recommended that the unique contribution of mindfulness be investigated in future treatment-outcome research.
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Gregory, Rachel. "Borderline personality disorder and helpful service relationships : a grounded theory study." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2010. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/10351/.
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Section A: Critically reviews the literature pertinent to how services are helpful for people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This includes service-user research and evidence based on clinicians' experiences. Relevant theories are discussed and the gap in the current evidence base is provided. Section B: Most research evidence relating to BPD focuses on how specialist psychological models are helpful rather than how mental healthcare services relate helpfully to people with this diagnosis. This study explored this further using grounded theory methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight mental healthcare clinicians and eight service-user participants diagnosed with BPD. The results suggested that the most helpful services are those that can form a secure, safe and consistent attachment to individuals with BPD. These services should be accepting and validating where responsibility is shared. Least helpful are those with disorganised attachment styles where themes around dependency, invalidation, and rejection are suggested. Further research would be beneficial to ascertain if these findings are supported by other specialist mental healthcare teams with a more diverse population. Section C: Critically appraises the research project and provides reflections about the research process and how the researcher felt when conducting this research project.
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Moses, Olivia. "Gender, Race, and Childhood Abuse as Predictors of Borderline Personality Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3785.
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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a debilitating personality disorder that impacts anywhere between 1% to 5% of Americans. Studies claim that women are significantly more at risk than men to suffer from this disorder and may experience stronger symptoms. Previous research has found that victims of childhood abuse such as sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect are more at risk for developing Borderline Personality Disorder as adults, particularly when abuse is paired with genetic susceptibility. Some researchers claim that there are no detectable racial differences in Borderline Personality Disorder, but previous studies often have very small sample sizes taken from clinical patients. To examine the sociological patterns of BPD diagnosis with a representative population sample, data was analyzed from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions to examine gender, race, and childhood abuse as predictors. Results show that racial minority status is actually a stronger predictor than gender. Examining intersectional effects shows that black women and Native American men have significantly elevated risks for BPD in adulthood. Overall, a history of sexual and emotional abuse are the most significant driving factors of BPD, regardless of race and gender.
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Winter, Zuzana. "Impact of the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder and its diagnostic process." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14396/.
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Contrary to the long-held assumptions, borderline personality disorder (BPD) is now considered a treatable disorder. Timely assessment has been recognised as one of the key treatment enablers and basic assessment standards have been stipulated by the UK’s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). The current study was the first to have specifically investigated the quality of the diagnostic process in light of the government recommendations. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse semi-structured interviews with eight adult female service users about their lived experiences with the original diagnostic disclosure of BPD. Five master themes and several subthemes featured in the majority of the participants’ experience: a) answer with a question mark; b) if only…; c) BPD like a star sign; d) star signs are not enough; it’s what happens afterwards!; e) being at the mercy of the system. Most participants’ experiences suggested that the original diagnostic process was largely negative and did not follow the national guidelines. Nevertheless, a minority of positive views also emerged. The findings are discussed with reference to the existing literature, whilst also detailing the study’s limitations, clinical and research implications.
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Cairns, Mari. "Identity and its relationship with borderline symptoms : the development of an identity questionnaire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b9a4f78e-dbf1-4586-af90-4a5e57d82e55.
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Clinical and theoretical literature suggests that some people who present with psychological problems have a poorly developed sense of their own identity. It has also been suggested that cognitive theory and therapy does not always adequately identify, conceptualise, and address these identity problems. The current study aims to develop a self-report questionnaire measure to assess these identity problems. It also tests some specific hypotheses about the relationship between identity problems and other psychological constructs, including borderline personality disorder symptomatology. anxiety and depression.
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Geiger, Paul Jefferson. "Using the Scrambled Sentences Test to Examine Relationships Between Cognitive Bias, Thought Suppression and Borderline Personality Features." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/7.
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Cognitive bias and thought suppression are two maladaptive patterns of thinking that have been associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Negative cognitive biases related to BPD include thoughts that they are bad, powerless, or vulnerable and that the world is dangerous. Thought suppression is a maladaptive emotion regulation strategy where unwanted thoughts are intentionally pushed out of one’s consciousness. However, previous research has connected thought suppression and cognitive biases to BPD only via self-report measures. The present study examined whether a laboratory task meant to measure cognitive bias and thought suppression (Scrambled Sentences Test) would predict BPD features over and above self report measures of cognitive bias and thought suppression. A sample of 153 undergraduates completed self-report measures of BPD features, thought suppression, and negative cognitive biases, as well as the Scrambled Sentences Test (SST). Results showed that while the SST was a good predictor of cognitive biases, it did not predict thought suppression when self report measures were included. Recognizing the importance of negative cognitive bias in BPD may be useful in continued treatment development. Further research into other ways of measuring thought suppression and cognitive biases in the lab may be warranted.
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Eisenlohr-Moul, Tory A. "Expression of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms across the Ovulatory Cycle: A Multilevel Investigation." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/24.
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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disabling condition characterized by chronic emotion dysregulation and behavioral impulsivity. Prospective studies that test proposed mechanisms of within-person change in BPD hold the key to improving symptom predictability and control in this disorder. A small body of evidence suggests that fluctuations in estradiol such as those occurring naturally at ovulation during the monthly female reproductive cycle may increase symptoms in women with BPD (DeSoto et al., 2003). Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence that both self-esteem and feelings of social rejection are highest at ovulation, when estradiol peaks (Durante and Hill, 2009; Eisenlohr-Moul et al., under review). Such feelings have been reliably linked to increases in BPD-related behavior in all individuals (e.g., Twenge et al., 2002). The purpose of this dissertation was to test a cyclical vulnerability model for women with BPD in which ovulatory estradiol shifts are associated with reductions in felt social acceptance, which in turn are associated with increased BPD symptom expression. 40 women, sampled to achieve a flat distribution of BPD symptoms, completed 28 daily diaries online, as well as four 1-hour weekly visits to the laboratory to complete longer assessments and provide saliva samples, which were assayed for estradiol. In addition, participants underwent the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnosis of BPD at the end of the study.
Results of multilevel models revealed the opposite of the predicted effects of within-person changes in estradiol and their interaction with trait BPD. The data suggest a pattern in which women high in trait BPD show increases in felt acceptance and reductions in BPD symptom expression at higher levels of conception probability and higher-than-usual levels of estradiol. Women low in trait BPD show the opposite pattern in some cases. Several alternative moderators were tested, and results suggest that some risk factors for BPD (e.g., Neuroticism, Sexual Abuse) interact with high trait levels of estradiol to predict greater symptoms. Both average levels of estradiol and monthly fluctuations in estradiol may have relevance for women with BPD. It is recommended that future studies utilize clinical samples and additional physiological measures to further elucidate the mechanisms through which estradiol exerts clinically-relevant change.
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Oncul, Oznur. "Roles Of Basic Personality Traits, Schema Coping Responses, And Toxic Childhood Experiences On Antisocial, Borderline, And Psychopathic Personality Characteristics." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609775/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of basic personality traits, schema coping responses, and toxic childhood experiences on antisocial, borderline, and psychopathic characteristics. Considering the gap in the literature regarding the community samples, the present study also included a non-criminal, besides the criminal sample, in order to observe the differences among the associated variables related to the characteristics of suggested personality disorders. In this way, it was aimed to obtain a general idea about the protective factors from offending. Consequently, the non-criminal sample consisted of 146 participants (78 females and 68 males) and the criminal sample included 131 participants (42 females and 89 males. Data was collected through a demographic form and a package of inventories. In general, the results yielded that a dysfunctional family environment, whether traumatic or non-traumatic seems to play a crucial role in the development of characteristics of personality disorders. Moreover, basic personality traits and coping responses are also observed to affect the behavioral presentation of these characteristics. The findings of the present study is generally in line with the literature suggesting that, dimensional approach to personality disorders, by revealing the sub-clinical features and providing a deeper focus to the underlying dynamics in each personality disorder, have several implications in both clinical and forensic area. The results, as well as their implications and limitations, are discussed
with reference to the recent literature. Finally, suggestions for further research are mentioned.
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Zaboli, Ghazal. "Genes of the serotonergic system & susceptibility to psychiatric disorders : a gene-based haplotype analysis approach /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-729-4/.
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Rossolymos, Pavlos O. "Adolescents' experiences of a therapeutic inpatient service utilising mentalization-based treatment for borderline personality disorder features." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2013. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12452/.
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The present study aimed to investigate adolescents’ experiences of a therapeutic inpatient service utilising mentalization-based treatment (MBT) for borderline personality disorder (BPD) features, including deliberate self-harm. A qualitative research approach was chosen and eight adolescents were interviewed on their experiences. Interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA; Smith, Flowers & Larkin, 2009). The analysis resulted in five superordinate themes and 17 corresponding subordinate themes. Adolescents described having felt uncontained, uncontainable and misunderstood, particularly prior to their admission. They talked about a process of seeking containment from others which in some cases led to their admission. Participants described feeling contained and understood in the inpatient service and developing a healthier relationship with self and others. Finally, they talked about their recovery as a long and challenging journey and expressed hope for the future. The study concluded that therapeutic inpatient treatment utilising MBT was experienced as beneficial by adolescents, though methodological limitations were acknowledged. Clinical implications were drawn and recommendations for future research were made.
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Cruz, Marcelo Soares da. "Reflexões sobre a relação entre a personalidade bordeline e as adicções." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47133/tde-14062012-154805/.
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Na clínica contemporânea, percebe-se que as compulsões, as patologias do agir e a experiência de vazio estão cada vez mais presentes, contaminadas pela pressão de ideais de consumo ou constituídas sob a égide desses ideais, na promessa de completude presente nos valores atuais da cultura. Tais manifestações tornam-se ainda mais evidentes com a erupção de formas de sofrimento marcadas pela repetição de experiências dolorosas que limitam e empobrecem a vida dessas pessoas. Nesse contexto, quadros clínicos como a personalidade borderline e as adicções ganham relevância e exigem dos profissionais do campo da saúde mental produções acadêmicas para maior compreensão e cuidado desses fenômenos psicopatológicos. Frente a isto, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em refletir sobre a relação entre as denominadas personalidades borderline e as adicções, a partir de uma investigação fundamentada em uma leitura psicanalítica. Pretende-se ainda enriquecer os instrumentos teórico-clínicos de que se dispõe, de forma a favorecer uma maior compreensão diagnóstica, imprescindível no manejo desses casos. Para tanto, esses conceitos foram estudados a partir da leitura hermenêutica entendida como construção dialética de conhecimento numa relação de intersubjetividade com as condições de sofrimento que podem ser agrupadas sob as nomeações aqui referidas e ilustradas através da utilização de material clínico. A noção de relação adictiva foi utilizada como conceito articulador, pois comporta elementos centrais da dinâmica psíquica própria das adicções e da personalidade borderline. A partir desse estudo, formulou-se a proposta de compreensão da organização borderline de personalidade como uma modalidade de adicção, cujo objeto é uma pessoa, mesmo que coisificadaCompulsive behavior, acting out pathologies and feelings of emptiness are increasingly frequent in contemporary psychoanalytical practice. Such symptoms are contaminated or even brought forth by the pressure of strongly rooted ideals of current culture regarding consumerism and its void promises of providing inner fulfillment. The result becomes even more evident in the outbursts of modern-day ways of suffering characterized by the repetition of painful experiences that limit and deplete the lives of these patients. Hence the understanding of clinical diagnosis and treatment of disorders such as addictions and borderline personality syndrome becomes an important academic requirement for mental health professionals. The goal of this research is therefore to reflect on the relation between borderline personality and addictions from a psychoanalytical perspective and thus, through the development of both theoretical and clinical knowledge, contribute to improve diagnosis, which is essential for the handling of such cases. In order to achieve such goals, these concepts have been studied from a hermeneutic approach understood as a dialectic construction of knowledge , with great attention to relations of intersubjectivity between them and conditions of suffering that may be brought together under the classification referred here. Additionally, those ideas have also been illustrated by clinical observations. The notion of addictive relations has proved to be a valuable starting point in the articulation of these studies, since it contains essential elements of the mental dynamics of patients suffering both from addictions and borderline personality syndrome. This study gave rise to the understanding of borderline personality as a modality of addiction in which the object is a person, although most probably objectified
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Padoa, Carryn. "Deliberate self-harm a search for self or a cry for help? /." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/146.
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Elders, Vera. "Child and adolescent mental health service provision : from group treatments for emerging personality disorders to clinician perspectives on implementing national referral criteria." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22880.
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Background: During an age of fiscal constraint and increasing pressure to provide timely access to effective, efficient and evidence based care, there is an increased need for research to develop empirically based prevention and intervention strategies for complex psychological difficulties which often present during childhood and adolescence. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) are under significant pressure to deliver timely access to services, with demand frequently outstripping capacity to deliver. These challenges have highlighted the need for services to ensure that planning supports continued improvement in quality and delivers the best possible outcomes for service users. Systematic Review: A systematic review of the literature on the efficacy of group based interventions for adolescents with features or a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) was conducted. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria and underwent detailed quality analysis. All included studies reported a significant improvement in psychopathology and symptoms of distress as well as an improvement in quality of life for both group based interventions and treatment as usual. Overall, the results hold promise for current work with adolescents with BPD and highlight the importance for future research in this developing area. However, more rigorous research is required to identify the active ingredients of treatments for BPD in adolescents with a view to developing standardised treatment protocols. Empirical Study: A Delphi study was conducted to explore perceptions on the relevance, practicalities, importance and feasibility of implementing nationally agreed CAMHS referral criteria from the perspective of clinicians working in CAMHS in the North of Scotland. In addition, the study aimed to explore and gain consensus on possible factors which support clinicians working in specialist services. A three round electronic Delphi survey, an iterative structured process used to gather information and gain group consensus, was completed by twenty-eight clinicians working in CAMHS. Eight open ended questions in Round 1, were analysed using content analyses resulting in ninety-eight statements to be rated by the same group of clinicians in Round 2 and fifteen statements in Round 3. Of the ninety-eight statements, eighty-four reached consensus. Results indicate that the guidelines are viewed by many clinicians as both acceptable and important, however, implementation of the guidelines can present services with significant challenges and have highlighted the importance of services having the correct infrastructure before it is possible to implement the referral criteria in a consistent and meaningful way.
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Isele, Dorothea Regina [Verfasser]. "The role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in clinical disorders : A new assessment tool and evaluation of links with borderline personality symptoms / Dorothea Regina Isele." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112605045/34.
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Veronez, Solange. "A problemática do holding corporal na análise do paciente borderline: um estudo de caso." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20545.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This study aims to reflect on the need for physical contact with the psychologist of a borderline patient attended at a public institution. To this end, aspects of the Theory of the Maturing of D.W.Winnicott and their application in the clinic, such as body holding, regression management and egoic needs are included here. Also discussed are questions of technique, transference and countertransference, involving the abstinence rule, analyst neutrality and the necessary modification of classical psychoanalysis in the care of patients who have suffered from inadequate environmental care in a phase of absolute dependence. Diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, the patient in question was assisted in a task group proposal and in individual consultations when she requested it. It was possible to conclude that in some moments, the attendance to the need for corporal contact - touch to the hands and the hair - proved adequate to unfreeze the environmental fault lived by the patient in the beginnings of its existence; in others, however, it was important to deny her the request in order to safeguard the setting and the psychologist as a real person in the treatment
Este estudo tem como proposta realizar uma reflexão acerca da necessidade de contato físico com a psicóloga de uma paciente borderline atendida em instituição pública. Para tanto, são aqui retomados aspectos da Teoria do Amadurecimento de D. W. Winnicott e sua aplicação na clínica, tais como holding corporal, manejo da regressão e necessidades egoicas. Também são abordadas questões da técnica, da transferência e contratransferência, envolvendo a regra da abstinência, a neutralidade do analista e a necessária modificação da psicanálise clássica no atendimento de pacientes que sofreram falhas de cuidados ambientais numa fase de dependência absoluta. Diagnosticada com transtorno esquizoafetivo, a paciente em questão foi atendida numa proposta de grupo de tarefas e em consultas individuais, quando assim o solicitava. Foi possível concluir que, em alguns momentos, o atendimento à necessidade de contato corporal – toque nas mãos e nos cabelos – mostrou-se adequado para descongelar a falha ambiental vivida pela paciente nos primórdios de sua existência; em outros, porém, foi importante negar-lhe o pedido, de modo a salvaguardar o setting e a psicóloga como pessoa real no tratamento
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Taka-Eilola, T. (Tiina). "Mental health problems in the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort:relationship with parental severe mental disorder." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222455.
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Abstract Maternal depressed mood during pregnancy is common, but studies on the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers, with a long follow-up, are scarce. The aim was to study whether the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers are at an elevated risk of psychoses, depression, bipolar disorder, antisocial and borderline personality disorder, and schizotypal and affective traits. Parental severe mental disorder was considered as both a genetic and environmental risk factor for mental disorders. The data are based on the unselected, prospective, population-based Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort of 12,058 live-born children. The data were collected beginning from pregnancy and ending mid-adulthood. The mothers were asked about their mood during pregnancy at the antenatal clinic at 24–28 gestational weeks. Of the mothers, 13.9% rated themselves as depressed (11.8%) or very depressed (2.1%) during pregnancy. Parents’ severe, hospital-treated mental disorders, and the cohort members’ mental disorders were identified mainly by using the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. In this study, the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers had an increased risk of depression, and the male offspring for antisocial personality disorder, compared to cohort members without antenatally depressed mothers. The offspring with both maternal antenatal depressed mood and parental severe mental disorder had a markedly elevated risk of schizophrenia and depression, compared to cohort members without one or both of the risk factors. This is the first study where the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers were followed till mid-adulthood, also taking into account parental severe mental disorders. Based on the findings, the prevention of and early intervention in antenatal depression, especially in families with severe mental illness, might present an opportunity to reduce the risk of mental disorders in the offspringTiivistelmä Äitien raskausajan masennus on yleistä, mutta pitkiä seurantatutkimuksia raskausaikana masentuneiden äitien lapsista on vähän. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, onko raskausaikana masentuneiden äitien aikuisilla jälkeläisillä kohonnut riski sairastua skitsofreniaan, masennukseen, kaksisuuntaiseen mielialahäiriöön, epäsosiaaliseen tai epävakaaseen persoonallisuushäiriöön, ja ilmeneekö heillä enemmän skitsotyyppisiä tai affektiivisia piirteitä. Vanhempien vakavien mielenterveydenhäiriöiden katsottiin olevan sekä mahdollisia geneettisiä että ympäristöön liittyviä riskitekijöitä jälkeläisten mielenterveyshäiriöille. Tutkimus perustuu yleisväestöön pohjautuvaan, prospektiiviseen Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohorttiin, johon kuuluu 12 058 elävänä syntynyttä lasta. Kohortin jäseniä on seurattu sikiöajalta keski-ikään, aina 49 ikävuoteen saakka. Äitien raskaudenaikaista mielialaa tiedusteltiin raskausviikoilla 24–28 neuvolassa. 13,9 % äideistä raportoi mielialansa masentuneeksi (11,8 %) tai hyvin masentuneeksi (2.1%) raskausaikana. Vanhempien vakavat mielenterveydenhäiriöt ja kohortin jäsenten mielenterveyshäiriöt selvitettiin pääosin hoitoilmoitusrekisteritiedoista. Tutkimuksessa raskaudenaikana masentuneiden äitien lapsilla havaittiin kohonnut depressioriski sekä kohonnut epäsosiaalisen persoonallisuushäiriön riski miehillä, verrattuna kohortin jäseniin, joiden äitien mieliala ei ollut masentunut raskausaikana. Kohortin jäsenillä, joiden äideillä oli raskausajan masennusta ja toisella vanhemmista vakava mielenterveyshäiriö, oli kohonnut riski sairastua skitsofreniaan ja depressioon, verrattuna heihin, joilla oli vain yksi tai ei kumpaakaan näistä riskitekijöistä. Tämä on ensimmäinen tutkimus, jossa raskausaikana masentuneiden äitien lapsia on seurattu keski-ikään saakka, huomioiden myös vanhempien vakavat mielenterveydenhäiriöt. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella äidin raskausajan masennusoireiden varhaisen tunnistamisen ja hoidon voitaisiin ajatella vähentävien jälkeläisten mielenterveysongelmien riskiä, etenkin perheissä, joissa on vakavia mielenterveysongelmia
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Lau, Katherine S. L. "Big Five Personality Traits, Pathological Personality Traits, and Psychological Dysregulation: Predicting Aggression and Antisocial Behaviors in Detained Adolescents." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1747.
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This study tested the utility of three different models of personality, namely the social and personality model, the pathological personality traits model, and the psychological dysregulation model, in predicting overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency in a sample of detained boys (ages 12 to 18; M age = 15.31; SD = 1.16). Results indicated that the three personality approaches demonstrated different unique associations with aggression and delinquency. The psychological dysregulation approach, composed of behavioral dysregulation, emotional dysregulation, and cognitive dysregulation, emerged as the overall best predictor of overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency. After controlling for the Big Five personality traits, psychological dysregulation accounted for significant variance in overt aggression and delinquency, but not relational aggression. After controlling for callous-unemotional traits and narcissistic traits, psychological dysregulation also accounted for significant variance in overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency. Psychological dysregulation did not account for significant variance in aggression or delinquency after controlling for borderline traits. The pathological personality traits approach, comprised of callous-unemotional traits, narcissistic traits, and borderline traits performed second best. In particular, within this approach borderline traits accounted for the most unique variance, followed by narcissistic traits, then callous-unemotional traits. Borderline traits accounted for significant variance in overt aggression, relational aggression, and delinquency when controlling for the Big Five traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. Narcissistic traits only accounted for significant variance in overt aggression and relational aggression after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. CU traits only accounted for significant variance in overt aggression after controlling for the Big Five personality traits, but not after controlling for psychological dysregulation. The social and personality model, represented by the Big Five personality traits accounted for the least amount of variance in the prediction of aggression and delinquency, on its own, and when pitted against the other two personality approaches. The exception was that the Big Five personality traits accounted for significant variance in relational aggression beyond narcissistic traits, as well as psychological dysregulation. These findings have implications for assessment and intervention with aggressive and antisocial youth.
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Simpson, Phillip Richard. "Emotional regulation in borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University of Hull, 2008. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:1364.
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This paper reviews the theoretical, conceptual and empirical literature relating to emotional regulation in borderline personality disorder. A number of issues relating to the disorder are discussed, including problems with the categorical system of diagnosis and potential co-morbidity. The prominent models of treatment are reviewed along with the evidence for their effectiveness. The concept of a core dysregulation of emotion in the disorder is considered and the psychological models of emotion explored. A systematic review is then described that identified twenty-one experimental studies that investigated aspects of emotional dysregulation in the disorder. The results of this review are categorised into subgroups on the basis of the experimental methods used, and discussed within this context. The results provide limited support for the concept of emotional sensitivity, with empirical evidence for increased attention to emotional stimuli but no evidence of a lower threshold of emotional response. Increased emotional intensity has been demonstrated with self-report and time-sampling data, however results from physiological measures are inconsistent. The limitations of the current literature are discussed, and the implications for future research and clinical practice are considered.
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Kim, Nami. "Decision-making, impulsivity, and borderline personality disorder." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3215400.
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Walton, Laura Carol. "Attachment and metacognition in borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7591.
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Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by emotional and behavioural instability, and impaired ability to maintain relationships. Previous research has demonstrated an association between BPD and insecure attachment style. It has been argued that BPD is a disorder of attachment, with insecure attachment being associated with inadequate capacity to represent mental states, or to “mentalize”. There is evidence that people with BPD are impaired in their capacity to mentalize in the context of attachment relationships. The term “mentalization” encompasses a broad range of processes including metacognition. There is a theoretical basis for metacognitive deficits in BPD. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the role of metacognition in BPD and its relationship to adult attachment style. Method: Participants with BPD were recruited from Community Mental Health Teams, Clinical Psychology and a Dialectal Behaviour Therapy (DBT) service within NHS Highland. A comparison group of participants without BPD were recruited from the Clinical Psychology service, having been referred for symptoms of depression. Both groups were administered the Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ)(a self-report measure of attachment); and a short version of the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30). Severity of clinical symptoms and current mood was assessed using the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Participants with BPD scored significantly higher than those without BPD on the attachment-anxiety and attachment-avoidance dimensions of the RSQ. The BPD group also endorsed MCQ-30 items more than the comparison group. There was a significant difference between the groups on the MCQ-30 total score and four of the five subscale scores. There were significant positive correlations between attachment dimension scores and metacognition subscales. The strongest associations were between attachmentanxiety and “uncontrollability and danger” and “need to control thoughts” subscales of the MCQ-30. Only metacognition was predictive of current mood and distress levels. Conclusions: The results of this study show that people with BPD report high attachment-avoidance and attachment-anxiety in their relationships, relative to a non-BPD, depressed comparison group. These findings are consistent with the existing literature regarding the profile of attachment in BPD. This study also found that people with BPD also have more maladaptive metacognitions than people with symptoms of depression. An association between self-reported adult attachment style and maladaptive metacognitiion was demonstrated in the present study. Maladaptive metacognitive strategies and beliefs potentially contribute to maintenance of depressed and anxious mood, as well as broader symptoms of distress.
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Reid, Norman. "Interpersonal relationship difficulties in borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264651.
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Intili, Rita. "Borderline personality disorder and emotion information processing." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3513/.
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Interpersonal difficulties, including problems in forming and maintaining relationships, figure prominently in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). This paper addresses whether vulnerability to troubled interpersonal relationships in BPD may be related to biases in processing emotionally salient information. It considers the predictions that prominent models of BPD would make in terms of processing emotional information and it surveys the literature to establish whether BPD individuals are characterised by an attention bias, an interpretation bias, a memory bias, or all three. Taken together, the evidence suggests that BPD individuals preferentially attend to emotionally threatening information, but whether this is the result of hypervigilance towards threat, difficulty shifting attention away from threat, or both, is unclear since there is some ambiguity surrounding the methods employed. The range of studies examining an interpretation bias suggests that BPD individuals tend to appraise and interpret others as rejecting when the emotional information is ambiguous. Research on memory bias is still young and the findings too inconsistent to draw conclusions. The methodological limitations across the studies are considered and suggestions for further lines of enquiry are made. Establishing whether processing biases are associated with BPD is important as it may lead to a better understanding of what fuels unstable interpersonal relations. Cognitive biases may also provide clues that refine assessment and treatment.
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White, Lauren. "Borderline personality disorder : a personal construct approach." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14439.
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In 2003, Winter, Watson, Gillman-Smith, Gilbert and Acton criticised the DSM-IV’s psychiatric conceptualisation of BPD, proposing a set of alternative descriptions based on Kelly’s (1955) Personal Construct Psychology (PCP) and diagnostic constructs. According to Winter et al. (2003), PCP offers not only a less “pre-emptive” stance towards BPD but is more clinically useful given its intrinsic implications for treatment. This correlational research study aimed to determine whether BPD symptomatology is associated with these proposed characteristics of construing. In addition, it was hypothesised that those with a belief that BPD was a part of their identity and untreatable would display higher levels of hopelessness. Ten participants with an existing diagnosis of BPD completed the following measures: a) Personal Construct Inventory (PCI; Chambers & O’Day, 1984); b) Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Third Edition, (MCMI-III, Millon, 1994); and c) Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS; Beck & Steer, 1988). Participants were also asked to complete a repertory grid and a Likert Scale indicating the extent of their belief that: a) BPD is an intrinsic part of them; and b) BPD is a treatable condition. Two of the participants are presented as case examples. The most significant finding related to the hypothesis that greater BPD symptomatology would be associated with a higher degree of change in self-construction over time (‘slot-rattling’). Contrary to our prediction, similarity of construing of the elements ‘Me Now’ and ‘Me in the Past’ was correlated with greater BPD symptomatology. This may indicate a belief among participants that they are unable to change or may represent Kellian hostility. Construing one’s mother and father similarly to one’s therapist was associated with greater BPD symptomatology, as was construing one’s father and partner similarly, suggesting, as hypothesised, that those diagnosed with BPD tend to construe current relationships in the same terms as early relationships. Pre-emptive construing and poorly elaborated self-construction were also found to be associated with increased BPD symptoms as predicted. Content analyses performed on elicited constructs revealed that emotion regulation is the most salient area for participants. While the majority of participants considered that BPD was a part of their identity, most were uncertain as to whether BPD is treatable although these findings were not significantly correlated with levels of hopelessness. Participants’ feedback about their experiences of being diagnosed with BPD raises important ethical questions. Further hypotheses are generated based on the study findings and suggestions are made for a revision of the way in which psychological distress is conceptualized, with a particular emphasis on the utility of the PCP approach towards BPD. Clinical implications, limitations of the study and possibilities for further research are discussed.
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Sinclair, H. E. "Trait emotional intelligence and borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/855096/.
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Part 1: The Literature Review explores the association between Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEl) and emotion regulation (ER). Twenty-four studies met the review's inclusion criteria and their contributions to the TEl and ER literature are discussed. The studies suggest that high TEl is linked with a greater sensitivity to emotional information and enhanced ER ability. The review concludes that TEl may be an interesting and important concept for further investigation, especially in populations with ER difficulties. Part 2: The Empirical Paper explores the associations between TEl, ER difficulties, and mindfulness ability in those with and without a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). TEl, ER difficulty, and mindfulness scores were found to be correlated for the entire sample. Individuals with a diagnosis of BPD reported statistically significantly lower TEl, greater difficulties in ER and reduced mindfulness skills compared to the Non-Clinical sample. The research and clinical implications of the study, along with its limitations, are discussed. Part 3: The Critical Appraisal reflects on the personal motivations for the research. In addition, process issues which arose from the research are discussed. Finally, in reference to the clinical implications of the study, further areas for investigation are considered and recommendations made.
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Rizvi, Shireen L. "Treatment of shame in borderline personality disorder /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9125.
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Davis, Jeffrey Jay 1955. "Borderline personality disorder and Jungian psychological types." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278029.
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Twenty-one individuals diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder were studied to determine Jungian psychological type. All respondents were recruited through therapists working in the Tucson, Arizona area. Therapists were employed in both private and public mental health care sectors. The respondents were largely female (N = 19) white, and non-married. Due to the large percentage of females, only the female portion of the sample was used for comparison with other, all female populations. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Form F was used to determine psychological type. Respondents showed a higher incidence of introverted and intuitive types when compared to groups representing the general population. Compared to groups representing inpatient psychiatric populations, the study sample showed a larger incidence of intuitive types.
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Engen, Lene. "Co-occuriring borderline personality disorder and substance abuse." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15865.
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Hennigar, Sandra Ann. "Experiences of women living with borderline personality disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ36466.pdf.
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Berlin, Heather. "Impulsivity, the orbitofrontal cortex and borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:df454308-aea1-448a-9237-83735452947f.
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Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been associated with disinhibited or socially inappropriate behaviour and emotional irregularities in both humans and monkeys. Prominent characteristics of several personality disorder syndromes, in particular Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), are impulsivity and affective instability. This investigation aimed to determine if certain aspects of the Borderline Personality syndrome, in particular impulsivity, are associated with OFC dysfunction. Basic questionnaires of personality, emotion, and impulsivity together with tasks sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction that assess possible factors related to impulsivity, including time perception, sensitivity to reinforcers, and spatial working memory (SWM), were administered to OFC lesion, BPD, non-OFC prefrontal cortex lesion control, and normal control participants. OFC and BPD patients performed similarly, in that they were more impulsive, reported more inappropriate behaviours, BPD traits, anger, and less happiness than both control groups. They were also less open to experience and had a faster perception of time (in terms of time production) than normal controls. They performed differently on other tasks: BPD patients were less extraverted and conscientious and more neurotic and emotional than all other groups. OFC patients had more severe deficits in reversing stimulus-reinforcer associations compared to all other groups and had a faster perception of time (in terms of time estimation) than normal controls. Both OFC and non-OFC lesion patients had mixed lesions that included dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFC) damage. Accordingly, they both had SWM deficits, a task used to control for DLFC damage, compared to normal and BPD participants. Since BPD participants were not impaired on this task and non-OFC patients did not perform poorly on the same tests that OFC patients did, the neuropsychological deficits of BPD and OFC patients could not be attributed to SWM deficits or DLFC dysfunction. The findings suggest that some of the cognitive/behavioural deficits commonly found in BPD patients are related to OFC dysfunction while others are unrelated and are perhaps related to other brain systems. The possibility of amygdala dysfunction is discussed. The similarities and dissociations found between BPD and OFC patients on certain tasks may lead to a better understanding of the aetiology of BPD and the functions of the OFC. Theoretical and therapeutic implications of the findings are discussed.
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Sadie, C. "Childhood experiences of men with borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446805/.
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Borderline personality disorder is a severe, psychologically and socially debilitating condition that tends to develop in people who have experienced multiple forms of adversity in their early lives. For a variety of reasons, most research into the aetiology of the disorder has focused on women. This research seeks to explore potential aetiological factors among men. There is evidence that known risk factors for BPD differ in incidence between men and women, and that responses to and interpretations of such experiences may also differ by gender. It is possible, then, that BPD may develop along different pathways for men and women, or may act on different vulnerabilities. These differences may be clinically significant, and could influence the way in which therapeutic interventions are conceptualised and delivered. The first section, a review paper, describes and critiques the existing research into risk factors for BPD, including aspects of childhood maltreatment and neurobiological markers of the disorder. It examines the literature on gender and BPD, exploring explanations for the apparent rarity of men in research and clinical settings. The review then evaluates the existing research specifically regarding men with BPD, and makes a case for a more inclusive programme of research, incorporating a consideration of gender-specific risk factors. The second section, an empirical paper, presents an analysis of the responses of 30 men, 19 meeting criteria for BPD and 11 forming a psychiatric control group, to questions exploring their childhood experiences of abuse, neglect and adversity, and their current symptomatology. Characteristics of the BPD group were described, and hypotheses regarding the nature and severity of experiences of maltreatment between the BPD and non-BPD group were tested. Then, the findings of this study were compared with those of two recent similar studies. Finally, the paper discusses the theoretical and clinical implications of the results, appraises their validity, and makes suggestions for further investigation. Third, a critical appraisal reflects on several salient issues in some depth. It examines criteria for BPD in the light of gender differences and patterns of responding in this study, and explores the validity of the diagnosis for men. Methodological debates regarding the use of retrospective data collection are detailed and the decisions made in the current study discussed. Finally, some observations are made regarding the research process, noting challenges endemic in research in this area, and specific points of learning.
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Nicol, Katie. "Social and emotional processing in borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19537.
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Objective Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a common and serious mental illness, associated with severe emotional dysregulation, a high risk of suicide and self-harm. Those with a diagnosis of BPD often display difficulties with social interaction, making daily life problematic, and sufferers can struggle to form and maintain interpersonal relationships. Childhood trauma is believed to contribute to the development of BPD, however the mechanism by which childhood trauma increases risk for specific symptoms of the disorder is not well understood. Here, we investigate the ability of participants with a diagnosis of BPD to make social judgements and recognise emotions from facial stimuli. We also explore the relationship between childhood trauma, brain structure, and brain activation in response to emotional stimuli. Methods Individuals with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, as well as matched healthy controls, were recruited to take part in a neuropsychology study of emotion recognition and social judgement from faces. Participants also underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, during which data was collected for analysis of brain structure, and brain function in response to emotional faces. In addition, all participants completed a structured clinical interview and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results Individuals with a diagnosis of BPD were less well able to correctly identify facial emotions than healthy control participants (p < 0.001), with a particular deficit in the recognition of disgust (p = 0.001). Those with BPD also had difficulty making appropriate social judgements about others from their faces, and between group differences were greatest for judgements of approachability (p = 0.004) and trustworthiness (p = 0.014). Significant correlations were identified between CTQ scores and performance on both tasks in the BPD group. Although no structural brain differences were noted between the BPD group and healthy controls, we found that brain activation correlated to childhood trauma in midbrain, pulvinar and medial frontal gyrus to fearful (versus neutral) faces. There was a significant association between incidence of abuse in childhood and psychotic symptoms in adulthood. In addition, there was a significant correlation between midbrain activation and reported psychotic symptoms in the BPD group, suggesting a potential relationship between childhood trauma, midbrain activity and the development of psychotic symptoms in those with a diagnosis of BPD. Conclusion Abuse in childhood is associated with impaired social and emotional function, as well as increased activation of a network of brain regions in response to emotional stimuli in BPD. Brain abnormalities in BPD appear to be confined to functional activation changes, rather than structural changes, in regions associated with emotional and social information processing. In addition, childhood trauma is correlated with increased psychotic symptoms in adulthood. These results provide striking evidence for the involvement of childhood adversity in the development of symptoms of BPD, and suggest a possible mechanism by which psychotic symptoms may occur.
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Perrin, Jennifer. "New mentalization-based therapy for borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20945.
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Introduction: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterised by deficits in affect and impulse regulation, along with interpersonal difficulties (Lieb et al., 2004). It is thought to develop through a complex relationship between adverse childhood events, such as childhood abuse and genetics. A recent developmental model of BPD and one that is gaining popularity focuses on mentalization. Following their exposition of the mentalizing model of BPD, Bateman and Fonagy developed the Mentalization Based Treatment (MBT) intervention for BPD (Bateman & Fonagy 2006). This intervention includes both group and individual therapy with the focus on the patient’s relationship with the therapist and other members of the group. Promising evidence that MBT interventions are effective for treating symptoms of BPD is beginning to emerge. Methods: First a systematic review examining the prevalence of childhood abuse in BPD patients was conducted. Second, an empirical study of the efficacy of a group-only adaptation of the MBT intervention for BPD, delivered in a routine health service setting. Finally, planned exploratory analyses were conducted in order to ascertain what factors might predict group completion. Results: The results of the systematic review suggested that that emotional abuse (mean prevalence 63%) and emotional neglect (mean prevalence 63.1%) are the most common forms of abuse reported by this population followed by physical neglect (mean prevalence 40.89%) , sexual abuse (mean prevalence 36.9%) and physical abuse (mean prevalence 32.49%). The results of the second study revealed that the HUB is an acceptable treatment to participants, with indicators of treatment efficacy in relation to reducing overall psychiatric symptoms along with specific symptoms including interpersonal sensitivities, depression, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation. Finally, exploratory analyses suggested that patients who were older and with less histrionic symptoms (as defined by the Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4) were more likely to complete the HUB. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that a group-only MBT intervention displays promising effectiveness in treating core symptoms of BPD and is acceptable to patients. Further it suggests that group-only MBT interventions are worth continued investigation both into their efficacies and the potential efficiencies associated a group-based intervention.
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Pizarro-Campagna, Elizabeth. "Socioemotional functioning in youth with borderline personality disorder." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2019. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/af0ba03c5924497d67026f4989923e109291eb65dec285af558dafd646538ea7/8874463/Socioemotional_functioning_in_youth_with_borderline_personality_d_1.pdf.
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This thesis makes an original contribution to our understanding of socioemotional functioning in borderline personality disorder (BPD) by critically examining social cognition and emotion regulation BPD research from a developmental perspective. It also extends on previous research, making a novel and important contribution to our understanding of sociocognitive functioning and emotion regulation ability in youth with first presentation BPD. This was achieved via two critical narrative reviews of the existing literature and two empirical studies, which examined aspects of social cognition and emotion regulation considered key to interpersonal functioning in BPD. The empirical studies assessed, 1) unconscious simulation processes, a key aspect of affective empathy, and 2) the application of two emotion regulation strategies, expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal, in the regulation of negative and positive affect, in a standard laboratory context, as well as in the context of social rejection. The reviews demonstrated that despite their shared diagnosis, important differences between young people and adults with BPD, in terms of their sociocognitive functioning and emotion regulation abilities, are evident. Future research and reviews should avoid conflating developmental age and stage of disorder. Instead, these processes, which are central to interpersonal functioning, need to be better understood over the course of BPD, especially early in its course. The empirical studies demonstrated that socioemotional functioning in youth with first presentation BPD is not uniformly affected. Specifically, rapid facial mimicry was unimpaired, contradicting predictions that heightened unconscious motor mimicry leads to heightened emotional contagion, and associated emotion regulation difficulties. Future research is needed to determine whether this finding also holds true for adults and young people later in the course of the disorder. Future research should also explore other factors that might lead to heightened emotional contagion and associated emotion regulation difficulties in BPD. Emotion regulation ability was largely preserved in youth with first presentation BPD, and functioning was mostly similar to that of typically developing young people. Specifically, for the most part, they could apply expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal, to regulate both positive and negative affect (felt subjectively and expressed behaviourally), in a standard laboratory context and in the context of social rejection, with similar effectiveness to that of healthy youth. However, youth with first presentation BPD were not only unable to apply cognitive reappraisal to regulate the behavioural expression of negative emotions in the context of social rejection, but its application in this context intensified their facial expression of negative affect. They also demonstrated a pattern of pervasively blunted positive affect, relative to healthy youth, across indices and contexts. Further research is needed to better understand whether the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal can be improved in this context, or whether it is contraindicated. Given that social rejection is commonly experienced by this group, and given the common application of cognitive strategies in therapy, future research is clearly needed to better understand the effectiveness and consequences of this, and alternative strategies, for use in the context of social rejection by youth with first presentation BPD. Finally, while positive affect has often been neglected in BPD research, the evident pervasive blunting clearly needs greater research and clinical attention in this group.
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Jones, Rebecca. "Borderline personality disorder : clinical outcomes and personal recovery." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2005900/.
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This thesis focuses on outcomes and recovery from a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD). It comprises two distinct journal papers, namely a systematic literature review and an empirical paper.
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Thompson, E. "Exploring empathy and attachment in Borderline Personality Disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1448855/.
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Aim: The aim of the present literature review was to explore whether empathy can be reliably measured in adults. After a review of current empathy measures, the focus was on the strengths and weaknesses of two empathy measures in particular; the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Empathy Quotient (EQ). They were analysed in regards to validity, reliability, and clinical administration. Method A literature search was conducted focusing on measures of empathy, specifically the use of the IRI and the EQ, within adult populations. Additional literature limitations included a focus on articles from the years 1980 to 2014, within peer-reviewed journals, and focusing on tests and measures. Results An initial 198 references were identified. After an abstract search, 29 references were considered possible candidates for review. After a quality appraisal of the articles, 14 references were finalised for review. Conclusions The analyses of the psychometrics of the EQ and IRI were explored, and both have evidence of good validity, reliability and ease of utility. The IRI has less evidence of validity within clinical populations, whereas the EQ was designed for this purpose and shows strong construct, discriminant and convergent validity, and strong test-retest reliability among various cultures and clinical populations.
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Magni, Laura Rosa <1982>. "Prometeo: Project on Metacognition in Borderline Personality Disorder." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7312/1/magni_laurarosa_tesi.pdf.
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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is characterized by Metacognition/Mentalization deficits and Emotion Dysregulation (ED). BPD’s first-choice treatment is psychotherapy, but a comprehensive model has not yet been formulated, consequently also treatments result controversial.
Study 1:
Aims: to examine the relationships between Metacognitive Functions and ED and other clinical features in a BPD sample.
Methods: Seventy patients were assessed for the inclusion and 45 BPD patients were included. Metacognitive functions were evaluated with Metacognition Assessment Interview (MAI). Specific self-reports measured respectively: ED (Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, DERS), Alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS), Impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, BIS), Mood (Beck Depression Inventory; BDI), Interpersonal Sensitivity (Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, IIP) and general psychopathology (Global Severity Index (GSI) of SCL-90).
A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to evaluate the relations between variables.
Results: SEM showed that TAS score resulted a mediator between MAI total score and DERS score and DERS significantly predicted BIS, BDI, IIP and GSI scores.
Conclusions: The general level of psychopathology and the other clinical variables seemed directly linked to ED. ED didn’t seem to correlate directly to Metacognition, but indirectly through Alexithymia.
Study 2:
Aims: to compare the effect of 1-year Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) and Mentalization Based Therapy (MBT) vs TAU (Treatment as usual) on Metacognition functions, ED and other clinical features in a BPD sample.
Methods: Forty-five patients were divided in 3 groups: MIT (N=14), MBT (N=16) and TAU (N=15). MAI scores were the primary outcome, DERS, TAS, BIS, BDI, IIP and GSI of SCL-90 scores were the secondary outcomes.
Linear Mixed model were used for the longitudinal evaluation of the results.
Results: MAI total score improve in both experimental groups. Secondary outcomes improved, but the effect wasn’t statistically significant.
Conclusions: Differentiation and Integration played a central role both in MIT and MBT.
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Christiansen, Kitt Klitgaard. "The unconscious influences of developmentally arrested symbol formation on the therapeutic relationship with a client diagnosed with borderline personality disorder a Kleinian perspective : this dissertation is submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Masters of Health Science in Psychotherapy, submitted January 2004." Full thesis. Abstract, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/ChristiansenK.pdf.
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Elphick, Marie-Clair. "Crossing the border : constructions of borderline personality disorder within the South African context: a discourse analytic study." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008307.
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This research aims to open up for critical discussion the effects of the discourses employed by mental health professionals in relation to the diagnosis of BPO, with a view of questioning the discursive practices available within a South African context. This discussion will situate identified discourses in relation to the subjects and objects to which it refers in an attempt to identify and interrogate dominant discourses which circulate to oppress and discriminate against female 'others' within the mental health setting. This discussion will serve to challenge mainstream, traditional psychology by questioning the utility of deploying these concepts within a South African context as well as the effects this deployment may have. A discourse analytic methodology is employed to identify the constructions of BPO by five mental health professionals working within a government setting. The analysis aims at interrogating the broader role of the identified discourses in supporting institutions, preserving power relations and transmitting ideological practices. Ultimately the aim of the research is to open up for critical debate, through the example of psychology and psychiatry's treatment of BPO; constituted as 'other', the possibility that there may be deleterious consequences for the wholesale acceptance of traditional psychological understandings by mental health professionals working within a South African context.KMBT_363
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Wolfendale-Smith, Philippa. "Views of the borderline personality disorder diagnosis : service-users' and professionals' views of the borderline personality disorder diagnosis : a Q-methodological study." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2016. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2638/.
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Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a contentious diagnosis due in part to the abstract nature of personality, as well as the controversies surrounding the current classification systems. Individuals with this diagnosis make up a significant proportion of mental health services, but what the label means to people is unclear. The first paper is a literature review about recovery from BPD, distinct from the process of remission. Ten papers were included, and the range of themes synthesised into an overview about recovery. The second, empirical, paper examined service-users’ and professionals’ perspectives of the BPD diagnosis. Q methodology was selected to gather an appreciation and objective understanding of subjective beliefs about recovery, treatment and stigma. This will identify the key factors underpinning these perspectives. The following factors were found: ‘Stigma, Internalisation and Social Construction’; ‘Essentialism, Acceptance and Compassion’; and, ‘Change, Externalisation and Shared Understandings.’ The personal meanings attributed to the BPD diagnosis are important and, to respect the subjectivity and idiosyncrasies of people who may meet the criteria for this diagnosis, should be explored before the diagnosis is made. The third paper is a reflective piece about the overall research process.