Academic literature on the topic 'Borders of companies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Borders of companies"
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Pellé, Philippe. "Companies crossing borders within Europe." Utrecht Law Review 4, no. 1 (2008): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ulr.56.
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Pellé, Philippe. "Companies Crossing Borders within Europe." European Company Law 5, Issue 6 (2008): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eucl2008058.
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Pellé considers corporate mobility within the EU from a wide range of issues, including the right of establishment, the SE and the Cross–Border Mergers Directive. He then deals with the question whether there is still need for a directive on the transfer of the company’s seat.
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Edgar, David. "Views across Borders." New Theatre Quarterly 18, no. 4 (2002): 304–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x02000404.
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Early on in the first Thatcher term, one of her young Turk backbenchers announced that his mission in life was to eliminate all small touring theatre companies with the word ‘red’ in their title. In doing so, he acknowledged that in the 'seventies oppositional theatre had ceased to be constrained within theatre buildings (in the mid-'sixties, he'd have wanted to abolish all companies called ‘English’ working in theatres called ‘Court’).
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Liu, Gang, Yixiao Zhao, and Muhammad Saleem Sumbal. "Knowledge Transfer Across Borders in Multinational Companies." European Conference on Knowledge Management 25, no. 1 (2024): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.25.1.2542.
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Hong Kong S.A.R., China is one of the most economically prosperous areas in the world, with numerous multinational companies (MNCs) operating here. It is of vital importance for MNCs to leverage their knowledge across the entire organization, including both the head office and overseas branches. However, many MNCs struggle with knowledge transfer across borders due to the differences in national cultural and institutional factors. Therefore, this research seeks to explore these factors affecting knowledge transfer in MNCs in the Hong Kong S.A.R., China. Six semi-structured interviews with professional practitioners were carried out. Knowledge is transferred in MNCs mainly by three processes, namely, on-the-job training, knowledge-sharing sessions, and knowledge retention of leaving employees. Cultural differences including language differences, geography differences and power distance, technical factors, and institutional differences, including organizational structure differences, senior management support, and employee motivation do affect knowledge transfer of MNCs. This study adds new insights into knowledge transfer issues across the boundaries of MNCs in Hong Kong. It provides significant managerial implications that are helpful to these multinational organizations to achieve effective knowledge management in the global context to overcome cultural and institutional obstacles.
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Thilmany, Jean. "Designing Across Borders." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 09 (2000): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-sep-2.
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This article discusses that many companies are installing a companywide product data management (PDM) system, also known as an engineering data management system. These systems do several things, besides acting as a central data repository. Much of the data that overwhelms companies comes from engineers using a variety of software applications, such as computer-aided design, manufacturing, or engineering programs. The PDM systems manage engineering data that may come from a myriad of sources and applications but pertain to the development of one product. The chosen PDM system would have to track the design and manufacture of each part that would be assembled to form the finished printer. It would have to tell users what stage in the process each part had reached. But it would also have to serve as a virtual warehouse for all digital versions of a part and product, including older versions that could not be lost because they might be needed for reference at any time.
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Cust, James, and Torfinn Harding. "Institutions and the Location of Oil Exploration." Journal of the European Economic Association 18, no. 3 (2019): 1321–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvz028.
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AbstractWe provide evidence that institutions have a strong influence over where oil and gas exploration takes place. We utilise a global data set on the location of exploration wells and national borders. This allows for a regression discontinuity design with the identifying assumption that the position of borders was determined independently of geology. In order to break potential simultaneity between borders, institutions, and activities in the oil sector, we focus on drilling that occurred after the formation of borders and institutions. Our sample covers 88 countries over the 1966–2010 period. At borders, we estimate more than twice as much drilling on the side with better institutional quality. Subsample analyses reveal effects of institutions on exploration drilling in both developing and high income countries, as well as across three types of operating companies. We find that the supermajor international oil companies are particularly sensitive to institutional quality in developing countries. Our findings are consistent with the view that institutions shape both exploration companies’ incentives to invest in drilling and host countries’ supply of drilling opportunities.
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Valdivia, Ana, Claudia Aradau, Tobias Blanke, and Sarah Perret. "Neither opaque nor transparent: A transdisciplinary methodology to investigate datafication at the EU borders." Big Data & Society 9, no. 2 (2022): 205395172211245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517221124586.
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In 2020, the European Union announced the award of the contract for the biometric part of the new database for border control, the Entry Exit System, to two companies: IDEMIA and Sopra Steria. Both companies had been previously involved in the development of databases for border and migration management. While there has been a growing amount of publicly available documents that show what kind of technologies are being implemented, for how much money, and by whom, there has been limited engagement with digital methods in this field. Moreover, critical border and security scholarship has largely focused on qualitative and ethnographic methods. Building on a data feminist approach, we propose a transdisciplinary methodology that goes beyond binaries of qualitative/quantitative and opacity/transparency, examines power asymmetries and makes the labour of coding visible. Empirically, we build and analyse a dataset of the contracts awarded by two European Union agencies key to its border management policies – the European Agency for Large-Scale Information Systems (eu-LISA) and the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex). We supplement the digital analysis and visualisation of networks of companies with close reading of tender documents. In so doing, we show how a transdisciplinary methodology can be a device for making datafication ‘intelligible’ at the European Union borders.
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Winner, Martin. "Protection of Creditors and Minority Shareholders in Cross-border Transactions." European Company and Financial Law Review 16, no. 1-2 (2019): 44–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecfr-2019-0006.
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The Mobility Package currently under discussion in the Council will constitute a major breakthrough for cross-border transactions if finally adopted. Although its focus is on enabling companies to make use of the freedom of establishment, some of its core rules address the protection of creditors and minority shareholders. Both groups can be adversely affected by being transferred across borders; a coherent, harmonised regulation of both issues is crucial for ensuring a largely frictionless enforcement of the different legal regimes applicable to the company or companies affected by such a cross-border transaction. This article critically analyses the proposed regulation against this background. It takes into account the developments until the end of 2018.
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Endenich, Christoph, Andreas Hoffjan, Teresa Schlichting, and Rouven Trapp. "Harmonizing management accounting in international subsidiaries: beyond national borders." Journal of Business Strategy 37, no. 1 (2016): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-10-2014-0127.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore if and how companies strive for a harmonization of management accounting systems in their international business units to support company-wide consistent strategy implementation and to analyze the underlying drivers and pitfalls. Our paper is motivated by the tension between the need for consistent strategy implementation in the different international business units of multinational companies and the traditional differences in management accounting practices across countries. Design/methodology/approach – The field study comprised semi-structured in-depth interviews with management accounting experts in selected German and Spanish business units of 15 major German multinational companies. Findings – The authors identified strong efforts for company-wide harmonization of management accounting practices and found that beside explicit initiatives set by corporate headquarters, more implicit pressures such as the education of management accountants, the work of global consultancies and the use of standardized ERP-systems constitute strong drivers of the identified harmonization. Practical implications – The findings highlight implicit pressures as important drivers of the harmonization of management accounting systems in the international business units of multinational companies. Taking these implicit pressures into consideration can help multinational companies striving for a harmonization of business unit management accounting for consistent strategy implementation. Originality/value – Building on a unique sample of pairs of German and Spanish business units of 15 major German companies, the field study explores harmonization practices and its drivers in multinational companies.
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Idoniboye-Obu, Sakiemi A. "Public policy and border management in Nigeria: implications of President Buhari’s 2019 policy on land borders closure." Journal of Global Social Sciences 3, no. 12 (2022): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31039/jgss.v3i12.97.
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Land borders closure policy is a border management policy which is used by countries to preserve their national integrity, protect their socio-political interests, and to enhance their economy and national development. This study accordingly examined public policy and border management in Nigeria with focus on the implications of Buhari’s 2019 policy of land borders closure. The study adopted the human needs theory as theoretical framework for the study. The study employed descriptive survey design and a sample size of 40 respondents purposively selected from Seme, Idiroko, and Mfun border areas using the purposive sampling technique. The study used both primary and secondary data while analyses were made using simple percentage and content analytical model. Based on the data analysis, the study found that the policy on land borders closure has neither improved border management nor reduced the rate of smuggling and insecurity in Nigeria. It equally established that the policy has not significantly improved the national development of the country. The policy did not only cause loss of jobs and shut down of businesses but negatively impacted on the indigenous manufacturing companies and also increased the price of food in the country. Based on the above findings, the study recommended among others that the Nigerian Government should draft a proper plan on how to improve border management in Nigeria and man the unregulated routes. This can be done by expanding and dispatching border security agents to those illegal routes. This would help to reduce smuggling, terrorists and criminal activities in the country. The study concluded that the policy on land borders closure posed negative impacts on both Nigeria and her neighboring countries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Borders of companies"
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Horta, Patrícia Maia do Vale. "As “fronteiras porosas” e a “religião de empresas”: prenúncio de um novo ethos para o mundo dos negócios?" Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2008. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3352.
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Previous issue date: 2008-08-26<br>O presente trabalho propõe uma interpretação sobre a presença do fenômeno religioso no âmbito do espaço público, a partir da hipótese de que há uma afinidade, transformada e tensa, entre estas duas esferas da vida. Pela perspectiva das fronteiras porosas é possível que religião e campo secular das empresas se combinem mutuamente, formando um novo ethos para o ambiente de negócios. Algo que não se restringe somente iniciativa de empresários religiosos, nem a uma prática administrativa confessional de algum adepto fervoroso, mas que se constitui da participação de todos os sujeitos sociais que constróem e compõem o espaço sócio-cultural das empresas. Pretendo mostrar, por uma perspectiva interdisciplinar, que há uma religião de empresa que se configura de forma complexa neste ambiente secular; pois, se por um lado, mantém características próprias ao campo religioso brasileiro de onde adveio; por outro, parece possuir afinidades significativas com o campo secular econômico. Na empresa é identificada também uma religiosidade que, livre dos marcos rígidos das instituições, combina-se aos valores e pressupostos da cultura organizacional para construção de um sistema simbólico de comunicação parte, que atende aos problemas existenciais do cotidiano dessas pessoas.<br>The present work considers an interpretation on the presence of the religious phenomenon in the scope of the public space, from the hypothesis of that it has an affinity, transformed and tense, it enters these two spheres of the life. For the perspective of the porous borders it is possible that religion and secular field of the companies if combine mutually, forming new ethos for the environment of the business. Something that not is restricted only to the initiative of religious entrepreneurs, nor to confessional administrative practical one of some fervent adept, but that if it constitutes of the participation of all the social citizens that
compose the socio cultural space of the companies. I intend to show, for a perspective to interdisciplinary, that it has a religion of company who if configures of complex form in this secular environment; therefore, if on the other hand, it keeps proper characteristics to the Brazilian religious field of where it happened; for another one, it seems to possess significant affinities with the economic secular field. In the company a religiousness is also identified that, it exempts of rigid landmarks of the institutions, agrees it the estimated values and of the organizational culture for construction of a symbolic system of communication to the part, that takes care of to the existences problems of the daily one of these people.
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Komo, Daniel. "Cross border mergers of British and German companies /." Göttingen : Sierke, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987196774/04.
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Fadahunsi, Akinola Olatunde. "Indigenous entrepreneurship and cross-border trade in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2004.
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The study examines an aspect of indigenous Nigerian entrepreneurship, focusing on the cross-border trade in South-Western Nigeria. An almost total ignorance of how the traders go about their business, coupled with an unwelcoming trading environment, appear to have caused the antipathy of policy planners, and dearth of academic research in the area. The dearth of research is of particular concern here hence the need to "go back to basics", as it were, and focus the research in the first instance, on what the trade is in fact all about. The study focuses therefore on a descriptive analysis of the cross-border trade itself as an indigenous exporting activity, in particular the role of the small businesses who, in numerical terms at least, dominate the trade. It is expected that this will lead to future, more sector and area-specific studies on the subject. The cross-border trade takes place in an environment of illegality, corruption, and an unstable local economy, which makes trading conditions difficult, and would ordinarily seem to prevent traders from exercising their enterprise other than for mere survival on the economic fringes. Policy planners are also quick to argue that the trade is merely a smugglers' arena that contributes nothing to national development and in fact needs to be eliminated in aid of the development process. These reinforce the development literature which envisages only a limited role for indigenous entrepreneurship in economic development. The findings in this study however suggest another interpretation. It is argued that the trading environment as it is in fact provides opportunities which seem to have encouraged the emergence of an entrepreneurial class, and that though largely invisible, greater capital accumulation than is usually thought appears to be taking place, suggesting a more significant role for indigenous entrepreneurs in the development process. Between chapters 1 and 5, a case is presented for why existing trade and development theories have only a limited application to the development process in less developed countries like Nigeria. Chapters 6 and 7 introduce the surveys which indicate the performance and strategy of a sample of producers and traders. Subsequently relying mainly, but not exclusively on anthropologically-oriented material, the study focuses, in chapters 8 and 9, on the actors and activities in three cross-border trade routes, exploring the ways in which the traders relate to one another and to other participants in the trade. Further attention is paid to the ways in which the trade survives, evolves and develops, in spite of considerable environmental difficulties. While the study does not dispute that there are several smugglers and other law-breakers in the cross-border trade traffic, it argues further that considerable legitimate, but unrecorded trade goes on across the borders by several dedicated producers and traders. Certain theoretical implications arising from the study are discussed as areas for further study, while other, more practical recommendations, are suggested to policy planners, which may be beneficial both to them and to the traders in the future developments of the trade.
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Zoueva, Anna. "Acculturation and identity in cross-border acquisitions : three cases of acquired companies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618274.
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I examine cross-border acquisitions and investigate how acquired company members form their attitudes towards acquirer's culture. The role of culture in post-acquisition integration is examined in the literature from various perspectives. Some focus on objective cultural distances, others on perceived cultural differences, others on management of cultural integration. Social identity perspective has also been used to examine post-acquisition integration, albeit not cultural integration. However, no academic consensus exists in the area, as perspectives rarely overlap. The goal of this project is to present an integration of the four perspectives listed above. The underlying motivation is to gain a deeper understanding of factors behind cultural perceptions in post-acquisition integration. In data collection and analysis, I adopt an interpretivist methodological position. I conducted 64 interviews with employees and managers in three UK companies that had recently been acquired by foreign companies. The data was analysed with the help of QSR N6 qualitative data analysis software. Formation of attitudes towards acquirer's culture emerges as a complex and dynamic process. The analysis shows that all four factors - objective cultural differences, subjective cultural perceptions, management of cultural integration, and identity processes _ play a role in forming respondent's attitudes towards acquirer's culture. Most importantly, all four factors are interlinked, so that simultaneous consideration of all four results in a more complete picture of how attitudes towards acquirer's culture are formed. This study contributes to the M&A cultural theory by integrating the four theoretical approaches to culture in M&A which until now have been largely separate. This research develops a well-defined concept of cultural identity. This results in clarification of the links between the concepts of culture and identity. I also introduce Identity Theory to M&A cultural research. Lastly, the study enunciates recommendations for conducting pre-acquisition due diligence and managing the post-acquisition cultural integration process.
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Fourie, Michelle Louise. "The potential of wheat, maize, lucerne, and soybean as plant borders to reduce aphid-transmitted virus incidence in seed potatoes." Pretoria : [s. n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09042009-172734/.
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Sun, Miao. "Chinese companies' cross-border mergers and acquisitions performance : evidence from inward and outward deals." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12544/.
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This dissertation focuses on the Chinese cross-border M&As (mergers and acquisitions) market of public companies’ performance. The study precisely identifies short-term performance surrounding a M&A announcement that a public Chinese company is acquiring an overseas firm or is being targeted. The key words of these three chapters are method of payment, public status, and acquirer industry. This study measures short-term performance by investigating CARs (cumulative average abnormal returns). The windows are approximately 2 days and 5 days before and after a M&A announcement. The time span is 15 years (2002–2016) for Chinese public companies’ cross-border transactions and 23 years (1994-2016) for transactions targeting Chinese public companies. The first chapter demonstrates that cash transactions outperform stock transactions although more public Chinese companies chose stock to finance transactions. The second chapter demonstrates that an acquired public overseas target underperforms compared with targeting private companies. In addition, the transaction volume indicates that most bidder companies made the right decision. The third chapter demonstrates that overseas financial institutions are more likely (over 60% of transactions) to acquire Chinese public companies in all industries. These investors do bring abnormal returns to their target companies.
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Cao, Vu, and Rusi Li. "A study of cultural differences in cross-border Mergers & Acquisitions : Case studies review in Swedish companies." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35013.
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<p>Among the challenges that companies may face during the post M&A phase, cultural integration can be seen as one of the trickiest tasks. Cultural differences which are inevitable in any deal are always there. The link between how people from autonomous groups live together and the deal result is an interesting topic that needs to be investigated. Since we have an interest in developing the understanding of cultural differences during integration process in cross-border M&As, the research question “How do cultural differences arise in cross-border M&As during the integration process and do they impact the deal result?” is formulated.</p><p>This thesis presents a model that demonstrates elements of cultural differences from three levels, national, organizational and personal. In this model, these levels can be seen as interrelated to each other in which the inner layer is impacted by the outer one. As a result, personal culture, as the most inner layer, is doubly impacted by the other two, national and organizational levels. Given that the scope of our thesis is for cross-border M&As, after investigating these three levels of culture, we found that organizational and personal differences are real in any M&As no matter domestic or cross-border deals. Differences at national level, on the contrary, are the first element that should be mentioned as a root of cultural differences in companies from different nationalities.</p><p>From the understanding about emergence of cultural differences, we further study to see if they leave any effect on the deal result. In the empirical section, from the cultural gap analysis of each case, it was surprising to see that the relationship between cultural gap and deal result of two of four cases, are opposite to Rankine´s theory. At this point, we can see that M&As between companies similar in culture is not always successful or that failure between organizations having significantly different cultures is not always true, and then the empirical study on the acculturation dynamics made the further explanation that cultural differences are not the critical factor leading to success or failure, but rather how participants in integration perceive and respond to the cultural differences will impact the deal result.</p>
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Ruangwuttitikul, Natrada. "Transfer Pricing of Intangiblesfor Cross-Border Transactions of Associate Companies The : Comparative Study for Intercompany Transfer of Automobile’s Part." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352601.
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Nowadays, there is a lot of creativity in the intellectual property according to the rapid development of technology. Some group companies which has created their intellectual properties usually have the transferred of right between each associated company for the use of intangibles which reflect that the price in such transfer also need to be taken into consideration that it has to be charged in arm’s length, not for free of charge. In this regard, to see what the method and procedure in order to analyze the appropriate price for the intercompany transfer of intellectual property is the critical issue at present. As Thailand does not have the clear regulation in terms of transfer pricing yet, to use the guideline from the OECD TPG as well as the CFR of the United State might be able to help the taxpayer as well as the tax authority for the analysis of arm’s length in practice in terms of finding the most appropriate method for the cross-border transfer of design of automobile’s part from subsidiary to headquarter. Thus, to have the comparison on the analysis of finding the arm’s length of intangibles from OECD TPG and the law of the United States would be a great way to assist in making clearer vision on the method of finding intangibles’ transfer pricing within the group company.
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Sevenoaks, Helen Mary Emma. "The remedy of substantive consolidation under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act : a closer examination of domestic and cross-border issues." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30162.
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This thesis is a study on the remedy of substantive consolidation under Canada‟s primary restructuring statute, the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act (“CCAA”). The objectives of the research are (i) to gain a deeper understanding of how substantive consolidation has evolved under the CCAA, (ii) to investigate whether the current legal landscape provides the most appropriate framework for dealing with the key issues relating to substantive consolidation in both the domestic and cross-border context, and (iii) consider how, if necessary, the position could be improved. The key issues that are the focus of this study are: (a) the factors supporting substantive consolidation, (b) the effect of substantive consolidation and (c) multiple issues relating to the application for an order such as persons permitted to apply, timing on an application, inclusion of a solvent group member and notice.
The doctrinal analysis of the existing jurisprudence suggests there is a failure to carefully consider these key issues in depth. The judicial dialogue solely focuses on the factors supporting consolidation in the domestic context. There is little, if any, guidance on the issues that stem from an application for substantive consolidation or the various effects substantive consolidation can have on creditors‟ rights. Further, the use of substantive consolidation under the CCAA cross-border framework has yet to be considered at all.
Therefore, this study looks towards the recent work of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law Working Group V (Insolvency Law) on substantive consolidation in order to propose an array of policy options for the use of the remedy under the CCAA. In doing so, the study takes into account the scope of the CCAA, the balance between the need for flexibility and the demand for certainty in CCAA proceedings, what is desirable in practice and the nature of cross-border restructuring proceedings.
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Bindabel, Wardah Abdulrahman. "The influence of Shariah (Islamic principles) corporate governance on cross-border merger and acquisitions involving Islamic companies in the Gulf countries." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/14468.
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The central aim of the research is to examine whether cross-border Merger and Acquisitions (M&A) involving Islamic financial companies in three Gulf countries and non-Islamic financial companies from the Western countries is influenced by Shariah Corporate Governance (CG). Cross-border M&A is a corporate level strategy to achieve organisational growth and expansion through accessing new markets and additional strategic resources (knowledge, technology and complementary skills). Islamic financial companies in the Gulf region are keen to engage with non-Islamic financial companies beyond the Islamic world to benefit from the cross-border M&A. However, for Islamic financial companies to operate at global scale and attract resources, investors, regulators, customers, and other stakeholders should trust that strong CG principles are embedded in the organisation’s core. CG theory suggests that good corporate governance enables corporations’ access to external financial resources if CG mechanisms provides a clear enforceability of stakeholders’ rights with complementary robust legal system. Existing literature suggest that both Islamic and non-Islamic financial companies operate in different institutional, political, cultural, religious, and regulatory environments; which adversely affect the extent to which these two sets of companies could mutually engage in a successful cross-border M&A. In the context of Gulf countries, for example, there is no distinction between the state and religion and there is a stringent requirement to comply with the Shariah, however, the existence of conflicting opinions on Islam has resulted in varying views with regards to what qualifies as Islamic finance that has led to a latitude of multiple interpretations of Shariah principles by Shariah scholars and Shariah Supervisory Board. Also, Islamic financial companies are more likely to be considered as social entities than a commercial enterprise, which differs from the Western view. Consistent with the above context-based literature and drawing on the stewardship, agency and stakeholder theories, this study seeks to answer the key research question ‘how Shariah corporate governance influences cross-border M&A between Islamic and non- Islamic financial companies? The study employs a qualitative approach to obtain and analyse data from interviews with 40 respondents (Board of Directors members, Lawyers and Shariah Scholars) mainly selected from nine banks and six insurance companies in the three Gulf countries - Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and United Arab Emirates. The key findings were: 1) there are variations between the three countries in terms of how the conventional CG model is practised, the extent to which Islamic CG model is adopted, and in the level of employees’ awareness of the CG principles; 2) Incorporating Islamic principles in business practices is primarily determined by the interpretation of Shariah by Shariah scholars and Board but these tend to be non-standardised and at times problematic; 3) In Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, companies tended to have weaker system of disclosure (in particular Zakat) and smaller Board dominated by family and less qualified members than the UAE; 4) Sukuk is the most widely used but costly, Islamic financial instrument in cross-border M&A activities as it fully complies with Shariah principles where as Tawarruq is considered questionable in terms of Shariah; and 5) there are several barriers, identified in Chapter five, which need to be addressed when considering cross-border M&A between these two sets of the companies. The study makes several contributions to theory, policy and practices. Its significant theoretical contributions includes: a) as far as existing literature is concerned, this study is the first to examine the influence of the Islamic CG principles on cross-border M&A between Islamic and non-Islamic financial companies; b) Prior research on corporate governance has addressed M&A in developed and emerging countries, however, this is the first study to develop a CG model which seeks to improve our understanding of the complex issues involved in the process of cross-border M&A between Islamic and non-Islamic financial companies; and c) very limited studies have addressed agency, stewardship and stakeholder theories in the context of the development of behavioural Shariah CG model in a critical manner. The study has policy implications, for instance, it highlights the need to create stronger standards of Islamic CG and more standardised interpretation of the Shariah in these companies to enable them to operate on a global scale. In terms of practical contributions, the study offers implications and recommendations for management and investors alike based on the study findings.
Books on the topic "Borders of companies"
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A, Nelson Carl. Import/export: How to take your business across borders. 4th ed. McGraw Hill, 2009.
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American Bar Association. Committee on Negotiated Acquisitions., ed. Cross border acquisitions of Canadian private companies by U.S. companies. American Bar Association, Section of Business Law, 1998.
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Wilson, Thomas M., and Hastings Donnan. A companion to border studies. Wiley Blackwell, 2012.
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Wilson, Thomas M., and Hastings Donnan, eds. A Companion to Border Studies. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118255223.
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Commission of the European Communities. Tax law and cross-border cooperation between companies. Office for OfficialPublications of the European Communities, 1991.
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Canadian Bar Association. Ontario Branch., American Bar Association. Section of Business Law., American Bar Association. Committee on Negotiated Acquisitions., and American Bar Association. International Business Law Committee., eds. Acquisitions of public companies cross border - Canada and U.S. ABA Section of Business Law, 1998.
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T, Arnold Edwin, and Luce Dianne C, eds. A Cormac McCarthy companion: The Border trilogy. University Press of Mississippi, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Borders of companies"
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Zhou, Lin, and Runtian Jing. "Management After Acquisition Inside Multinational Companies from Emerging Economies: The Haier Experience." In Business Despite Borders. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76306-4_15.
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Muñiz, Manuel. "The Governance of Change: How Companies and Governments Should Adapt to Technological Disruption." In Business Despite Borders. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76306-4_2.
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Kharlamova, Ekaterina, Irina Ezangina, Irina Chekhovskaya, and Sergey Sazonov. "Business Ecosystems as Innovative Models for the Development of Modern Companies." In Ecosystems Without Borders 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34329-2_8.
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Nikiforova, Elena, and Ruslan Polyakov. "Corporate Environmental Responsibility: Exploring Companies’ Efforts to Reduce Their Environmental Footprint and Develop Sustainable Business Practices." In Ecosystems Without Borders 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67354-2_11.
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Wilson, Thomas M., and Hastings Donnan. "Borders and Border Studies." In A Companion to Border Studies. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118255223.ch1.
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Paasi, Anssi. "Borders and Border-Crossings." In The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Cultural Geography. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118384466.ch39.
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Scott, James Wesley. "European Politics of Borders, Border Symbolism and Cross-Border Cooperation." In A Companion to Border Studies. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118255223.ch5.
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Valarini, Elizangela, Vanessa Elias De Oliveira, Maria Eugenia Trombini, and Markus Pohlmann. "Introduction." In The Fight against Systemic Corruption. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43579-0_1.
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AbstractThe fight against corruption in Brazil has crossed national borders since 2014, gaining worldwide visibility with Lava Jato Operation, or Car Wash. This is due not only to the amount of money surrounding illegalities committed by political parties and representatives, elected or not, but also because large companies and businessmen were involved in a huge corruption scheme relating money and politics. The involvement of politicians and executives from several countries was also a hallmark of this corruption scandal. In addition, their confrontation involved an extensive effort by international anti-corruption agencies to track and recover the money of the Brazilian State. Like other Western democracies, Brazil was neither immune to misconduct and nor were its institutions ineffective in detecting it and pursuing legal accountability.
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Heyman, Josiah M., and John Symons. "Borders." In A Companion to Moral Anthropology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118290620.ch30.
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Timmers, Paul. "Sovereignty in the Digital Age." In Introduction to Digital Humanism. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45304-5_36.
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AbstractThe century-old concept of state sovereignty is acquiring new and hotly debated meaning, due to digital disruption and technology-without-borders, dominance by powerful—often foreign-owned—global tech companies, and cyber-undermining by malicious states. Sovereignty, as we know it, is also threatened by rising geopolitical tensions, war, and global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and global cyber-crime. This chapter deals with the future of sovereignty in a digital and geopolitically contested age. It starts with an introduction into international relations, sovereignty, and strategic autonomy thinking. It reflects on the impact of digital technology on the international system of states. Then the chapter provides an analysis and some practical guidance to tackle the challenges of developing public policy for sovereignty in the digital, and digital humanistic, age. Finally, two case studies and a set of questions invite the reader to a deeper dive.
Conference papers on the topic "Borders of companies"
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Williams, John C. "Selection and Specifications for Architectural and Industrial Maintenance Coatings for Commercial Architecture." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00074.
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Abstract Selection of coating systems for commercial projects may appear to be a simple task, but, to ensure a successful project the Architect or the Engineer needs to perform a thorough and appropriate evaluation of the project to match the right coating systems with the required substrates and environments. Commercial architecture defines more than just simple office buildings; it may include highly complex transportation centers, convention centers, state-of-the-art office structures, sports facilities, and educational facilities at all levels. Each of these building types, while commercial in function, border on high-end industrial facilities because of the variety of spaces and environments that may be encountered. These building types often require a broad menu of coating systems to provide corrosion resistance and aesthetics. Architecturally exposed structural steel, often used as an accent element, requires a coating system with a high degree of corrosion resistance while providing an aesthetic finished surface; the laboratory in the chemical company’s headquarters requires a chemical resistant coating on the floors and walls; the structural steel supporting the canopy over the train yard requires a cleanable and chemical resistant industrial maintenance coating. This paper will address the challenges - successes and failures - of various systems that have been incorporated into several specific facilities and focus on recommendations for true success.
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"Innovations across Borders: FDI and Innovative Capacity of Russian Companies." In 2009 42nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2009.261.
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Swissi, Ali, and Maroš Begáni. "The Impact of Expatriate Activities on the Management of Multinational Companies." In DOKOR 2024. Medzinárodná interdisciplinárna doktorandská konferencia. VERBUM – vydavateľstvo Katolíckej univerzity v Ružomberku, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54937/2024.9788056111024.306-312.
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Multinational companies send human resources abroad to run their subsidiaries in line with their comprehensive strategic plan for their human resources. So that the process of transferring these resources across borders requires a special human resources department known as the Expatriate Department, whose mission is to appoint and select employees to do work in the subsidiaries of the parent company, as well as train and develop them to help them adapt to the new environment in the host country so that these expatriates can carry out their tasks in the best way. Face. This results in multinational companies with a high financial return and an economic return represented in conquering new markets.We tried to highlight the tasks of expatriate management and its role in improving the performance of multinational companies. By addressing some leading models, as well as studying the impact of their activities on the performance of the multinational companies to which they belong.
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Pamfilie, Rodica, Robert Bumbac, and Andreea Orindaru. "INNOVATIVE E-LEARNING BENEFITS FOR UNIVERSITIES AND COMPANIES." In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-173.
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The contemporaneous era has enhanced the accomplishment of new and complementary competencies eliminating borders between people and knowledge through the proliferation of e-learning worldwide. The e-learning system could and is bound to become one of the most efficient and accessible method for acquiring knowledge, a resource that has become companies' main active regardless of the acknowledgement or investment in this important asset. Based on the e-learning expansion, the paper evaluates if and how this new learning system with its alternative education methods has the capacity to create and sustain a genuine connection between universities and companies. Therefore, e-learning could prove to be the mean through which universities offer more flexible learning programs, while companies provide the former with real case studies, business games and instruments for a better understanding of business concepts and practices among students. The two random samples used in quantitative and qualitative researches among university student and private company employee offer a perspective on the university - company link opportunity through collaborative e-learning. These research instruments and the subsequent results assure a better understanding of the current situation and support defining future work hypothesis in order to increase the cooperation between universities and private companies. As a result, we expect that in the near future there will be generated a higher number of learning models and programs based on e-learning. This will enhance companies' interest and capacity in innovation, along with the increasing of learning programs established in partnership that join specialists and university professors worldwide. This initiative success depends critically on the educational marketing quality developed by universities in sustaining collaboration through e-learning. As a conclusion, the e-learning system, with the support of educational marketing techniques, is expected to encourage companies identify emerging opportunities for genuine innovation perspectives.
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Jeglic, Franci. "Regulations of Pipelines in Canada." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27360.
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This paper provides an overview of the regulatory framework for pipelines in Canada. Canada is an oil and gas producing, consuming and exporting country. To accomplish these functions, the production, transmission and distribution companies operate about 700,000 km (440,000 miles) of pipelines. These companies and their pipelines are regulated by federal, provincial or territorial regulatory agencies. Provincial or territorial agencies regulate those pipelines that are fully contained within the province or territory. The federal regulatory agency (the National Energy Board) regulates all those pipelines that cross provincial or international borders. Most of the powers of regulatory agencies emanate from pipeline acts. Under these acts, the regulatory agencies may make regulations which may be approved by their governments. Regulations provide for public safety and environmental protection for the design, construction, operation, repair, maintenance and abandonment of pipelines.
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Chu, Chih-Yuan, Elif E. Gunay, Omar Al-Araidah, and Gül E. Kremer. "Evaluating Supply Chain Resource Limits From News Articles and Earnings Call Transcripts: An Application of Integrated Factor Analysis and Analytical Network Process." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22699.
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Abstract Due to the impact of globalization, companies have extended their borders across nations to launch products more competitively. However, globalization affects various uncertainties and risks that may limit the performance of supply chains. Research indicates that models that incorporate uncertainties and risks will help to improve the resilience of global supply chains. In the era of technology, we experience the abundance of textual data from various web-media resources related to companies, which can be deployed to understand the impact of risks on the chain. Accordingly, this study aims to utilize textual data collected from news articles and earnings call transcripts to assess the vulnerability of the suppliers and the chain. Among many, we considered supply chain resource limits as a subcomponent of vulnerability and collected textual data associated with its sub-factors. Then, we proposed an integrated factor analysis and Analytical Network Process (ANP) method to model the company’s supply chain resource limits index. Specifically, factor analysis was used to determine the latent constructs of the variables that are grouped under resource limits and their correlations. This latent construct and correlations were then applied as the interdependencies among variables in the ANP to discover the final importance weights of the variables in terms of supply chain resource limits. The results of the study showed that the shortages of capacity, components, and energy supply are the most critical sub-factors. The company’s supply chain resource limits index (SCRLI) can be further calculated to assist decision-makers of an enterprise in supply chain configuration design, and improve the supply chain resilience.
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Phillips, Winfred M. "Program Assessment: Equivalency and Credentials for the Global Marketplace." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1188.
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Abstract Great engineering achievements, from the Aqueducts of Rome and Hausman’s Sewer System for Paris to the Boeing 757 and the Space Shuttle, have always benefitted from international influence and content. The reliability of engineering structures and systems has always engendered the confidence of international users. U.S. citizens drive European automobiles with confidence and Europeans drive across U.S. bridges without pause. Today, international content is extensive, often formalized and regulated and a permanent part of tomorrow’s engineering. Engineers both participate in their profession worldwide and evaluate and accommodate international content at home. Multinational companies demand multinational engineering practice. “Credentials without borders” is desired. Accreditation is key to quality assurance.
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Rodrigues Henriques, Joselito, Reiner Anderl, and Marco Grimm. "Analysis of Enterprise Rights Management Solutions for CAD Data According to the Requirements of the Automotive Industry and a Proposal to Increase the ERM Security Level." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40669.
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The use of computer aided design (CAD) for product development is well-established. Without this technology, it would be impossible to maintain the speed and quality of products in the collaborative product development process. When CAD technology was first introduced, it was only possible to include simple geometrical elements to represent the product in the CAD system. With the evolution of CAD systems much more information was added to the CAD files such as: model history, manufacturing information, material and others. With this information a lot of intellectual property is saved inside the CAD files. If, on one hand, the integration of the intellectual property to CAD data speeds up the product development, and makes it possible to integrate the different areas of the companies like development and manufacturing; on the other hand, this leads to general danger for the companies, because the CAD data must be shared inside and outside of the company. Nowadays, in most companies which are exchanging data, the security is just kept by contracts, laws and technical mechanisms that do not guarantee the security of the data being exchanged. As soon as the data crosses the border of the company there is no way to control the data anymore. One way to guarantee the security of the data exchanged is to ensure that only authorized people, no matter where they are located, can access distributed data. This is provided by Enterprise Rights Management (ERM), which protects the data as soon as it is created. ERM technology controls digital data, even after it has crossed the borders of the company. The owner of the data to be shared can control its rights by several approvals that can be granted or denied, e.g. who is allowed to work with the data, how long it can be accessed, which actions can be performed, and others. This paper analyzes two of the current ERM solutions for protecting CAD data according to the requirements of the automotive industry. It shows, that the analyzed ERM systems are protecting CAD data only on a file-based level and do not provide granular protection which is necessary to meet the automotive industry’s requirements. In order to furthermore increase security of CAD data, this paper also presents a proposal which extends the current file-based protection to a granular protection.
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M. Duggal, Sudesh. "Global Information Technology Management." In 2002 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2470.
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Globalization is the perception of the world as one big market place. The notion of the boundariless world is expected to produce dramatic changes in key markets, major competitors, and Information Technology products. As a result, organizations are encouraged to rise above the national boundaries and change their orientation to global corporations. Further, the increased spending in Global Information Technology, which is anticipated to grow several folds within the next five years, is adding fuel to this shift. Events such as economic integration of Europe, merging of the companies across national borders, stock exchanges, outsourcing of Information Technology services to the third world countries, and the use of World Wide Web are forcing companies to re-evaluate their Global Information Technology management and to develop Global Information Strategy so as to get the most out of their business in the world economy. As the scope of Global Information Technology spans the global market, it is going to present mangers with a host of thorny issues. This paper suggests the key issues to be used as a guide for the Global Information Technology Managers to be successful in this fast changing technology oriented market, and also recommends Global Managers Evaluation Wheel which can be used for the appraisal of managers, subordinates, peer managers, on-site supervisors and clients working in the global Information Technology environment.
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Kuimet, Karin, Olga Uhabakin, Ljudmila Pihel, and Eneken Titov. "THE ROLE OF THE HRM NETWORKS IN THE ATTRACTION, RETENTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TALENTS OF ESTONIAN ORGANIZATIONS." In 13th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2023“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2023.985.
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Most global talent surveys mutually emphasize the labour market’s general and painful talent shortage. No country or industry is protected against talent migration and drought. Although some countries or regions have understood the vast role of talent attraction and retention in the region’s success, most governments need to pay more attention to this issue. Employees and HRs feel alone in this continuous war for valuable employees. The labour market parties increasingly see the trend where only mutual efforts in attracting talent can lead to success in this global competition. The talent management functions have exceeded the companies’ borders lines, and regional/sectoral collaboration is the only possibility to attract and keep talent in the region and its industries. This article aims to conceptualize the strategic activities and principles of the HR networks in supporting the member companies’ talent attraction and retention ability based on the Estonian experience. Together with the HR networks and with the help of the theory and other cases, the authors bring out the main principles and actions on how the HR networks can support organizations in the continuous fight for talent. The originality of the article is that talent management from the point of view of the network and networking opens a new perspective for talent attraction and development – for different levels of crossborder organizational collaboration and research opportunities.
Reports on the topic "Borders of companies"
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Rodríguez-Montemayor, Eduardo. Diaspora Direct Investment Policy: Options for Development. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008424.
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In today's globalized world, goods and capital are flowing as never before. The movement of people across borders has also enlarged significantly. About 215 million people live away from their home country and many members of such Diasporas are prospering abroad and are eager to extend such success by investing in their homeland. In this paper we explore the impacts of Diaspora Direct Investment (DDI) on international development, i.e. we look at how direct investments from foreign companies connected to Diaspora members (i.e. diaspora-owned firms or firms with diaspora members in the top management) boost productive activities in the home country of such people. One of the main advantages of DDI is that it is more stable than other types of FDI, particularly during unfavorable economic conditions, because of the emotional connections of diaspora members to their country of origin. Moreover, such companies engaging in DDI are often seen as the ¿first movers¿ into a country due to potential advantages they have in terms of knowing the culture and having social networks in the home country. This may act as a catalyst for further investment from other companies by providing market and operational information about the homeland to potential investors. We focus particularly on the experience of Latin America and analyze policy options to design comprehensive diaspora strategies that maximize investments, institutional development and the flow of talent and ideas. Such strategies, which would ideally involve Diaspora members in their formulation, can give Diaspora entrepreneurs support in terms of networking, mentoring and training (e.g. business incubators). Nonetheless, a more mature stage of diaspora engagement would be achieved with the development of venture capital funds as well as other sources of financing (e.g. matching funds). The smart utilization of digital technologies for connecting Diasporas empowers all such policy options.
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Kamp, Bart, Francisco Carrillo, and Francesco Pescarin. Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment in the Basque Economy and its Companies and Assessment of its Effect on Competitiveness. Edited by Patricia Canto. Universidad de Deusto, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/npza6530.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI), both outbound and inbound, is relevant to an economy because it can contribute to its economic growth, job creation, technology transfer, and integration into cross-border value chains, as well as international economic spaces. Against this backdrop, the report "Analysis of foreign direct investment in the Basque Country and its companies" investigates the state of inbound and outbound FDI in the Basque Country. It does so through aggregated data for the period 2014-2021 and the analysis of a series of cases of Basque companies acquired by foreign entities. It concludes with a series of recommendations for policymakers on issues affecting inbound FDI.
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Lerche, Jon, Bahram Dehghan, Ishita Sharma, et al. Electrification of Scandinavian Ports : An Interreg project - final report. Det Kgl. Bibliotek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aul.460.
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The SETS II project facilitates a faster conversion to sustainable electrical operations in the ports of the Kattegat-Skagerrak Region. It aims at ensuring a green and flexible energy supply in port areas and a reduction in CO2 and particle emissions. The regional ports will be models, which can further contribute to the promotion of a full-scale sustainable transport system in the cross-border region. SETS II promotes cross-border and cross-sector cooperation in the region regarding new methods, approaches, and solutions related to port electrification. Cooperation has been conducted across university environments, public actors, business promotion organizations, local authorities, utilities, advisors and private companies. The project supports ports in preparing electrification plans with an accompanying strategy for implementation. It focuses on electrification and potential battery operation in maritime areas as well as technical service, business models, and financing models.
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Sweetzer, Richard, and Neil Leslie. National Account Energy Alliance Final Report for the Basin Electric Project at Northern Border Pipeline Company's Compressor Station #7, North Dakota. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/931039.
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Díaz, Lina M., Déborah Martínez Villarreal, Carlos Scartascini, and Colombe Ladreit. Lowering Businesses' Carbon Footprint: Adoption of Eco-efficiency Indicators in Colombia and Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012905.
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This document provides a guide for conducting behaviorally informed interventions to reduce businesses' carbon footprint. It draws insights from a pilot study within Colombia's textile industry and Peru's plastic industry. The study addresses the critical need for businesses to adapt to the challenges posed by climate change and transition risks, such as the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which requires significant adaptations from companies in Latin America and the Caribbean to stay competitive. A key component of this study was developing and testing the "Green Tool," designed to assist companies in adopting eco-efficiency indicators (EEIs), which can be used as an input to measuring and lowering companies carbon footprint. Central to the intervention's success was a preliminary diagnosis stage that pinpointed specific behavioral barriers hindering the reduction of carbon footprints, including present bias and prevailing social norms. By combining a behaviorally informed communications strategy with mentorship, the intervention enhanced the adoption of EEIs among the businesses in the treatment group compared to those in the control group. This pilot study highlights the essential role of targeted interventions, mentorship, and the strategic application of behavioral tools in encouraging sustainable practices within the business sector. Furthermore, this guide demonstrates the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in supporting businesses to transition towards lower carbon footprints, showcasing a path forward in the global effort to combat climate change.
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Lindfors, Axel, and Roozbeh Feiz. The current Nordic biogas and biofertilizer potential: An inventory of established feedstock and current technology. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789180752558.
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Biogas solutions in the Nordics is undergoing rapid developments and the demand for biogas is ever increasing because of the Russian war on Ukraine and the transition to fossil free industry and transportation. Furthermore, with the introduction of several multi-national companies into the biogas sector in the Nordics and with more and more biomethane being traded across national borders, it becomes increasingly important to view biogas solutions in the Nordics as a whole and to go beyond the confines of each individual nation. Since the transition and the current energy crisis require a quick response, understanding what could be done with current technologies and established substrates is important to guide decision-making in the short-term. This study aims to do just that by presenting the current biogas potential for the Nordics, including Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The potential was estimated for eight categories: food waste, manure, food industry waste, sludge from wastewater treatment, landscaping waste, straw, agricultural residues, and crops with negligible indirect land use effects (such as ley crops and intermediary crops). Two categories were excluded due to a lack of appropriate estimation procedures and time to develop such procedures, and these were marine substrates and forest industry waste. Furthermore, several categories are somewhat incomplete due to lack of data on the availability of substrates and their biogas characteristics. These include, for example, crops grown on Ecological focus areas, excess ley silage, damaged crops, and certain types of food industries. The specifics of each category is further detailed in Section 2 of the report. In the report, the biogas potential includes the biomethane potential, the nutrient potential, and the carbon dioxide production potential, capturing all outputs of a biogas plant. The results of the potential study show that the current biomethane potential for the Nordics is about 39 TWh (140 PJ) per year when considering the included biomass categories in the short-term perspective. In relation to current production, realizing this potential would mean a roughly fourfold increase in yearly production, meaning that a significant unexploited potential remains. On the nutrient side, the biogas system in the Nordics would, given the realization of the estimated potential, be of roughly the same size as current mineral fertilizer use (about 75 percent for nitrogen and 160 percent for phosphorous). While this represents the management of a significant portion of nutrients used in agriculture, the potential to replace or reduce mineral fertilizer use through biogas expansion remains unexplored in this study since a significant portion of nutrients come from biomass that is already used as fertilizer (e.g., manure). Finally, on the carbon dioxide side, about 4.2 million tonnes of carbon dioxide would be produced, which could be either captured and stored or captured and utilized, thereby further increasing the positive environmental effects associated with biogas solutions. In conclusion, there remains a large unexploited biogas potential in the Nordics, even when only considering current technologies and established feedstock that could be realized in the short-term (the theoretical potential is much larger since many substrate categories are excluded and the potential is limited to established technologies). Such a realization would bring large increases to biomethane production but would also mean that a significant amount of nutrients would be recirculated through the biogas system. This means that the biogas system has a key role to play in increasing both the food and energy security in the Nordic countries, in addition to its many positive environmental effects.
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Goreczky, Péter. Decoupling or diversification? Dilemmas of India, Japan, and Australia in shaping economic relations with China. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.e-2021.29.
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US allies in the Indo-Pacific region, India, Japan and Australia are all making considerable efforts to reduce economic dependence on China. In the case of India, border clashes boost the political motivations of the trend, while in the economic sense the country’s trade deficit, the import of the pharmaceutical and automotive industries, and the determinative role of Chinese capital in the tech sector result in a unique dependency. As for Japanese companies, China remains a key manufacturing base and market, and therefore Tokyo is interested in the diversification of supply chains and manufacturing locations instead of downsizing the relationship completely. Regarding Australia, the overwhelming weight of China in the country’s export is considered a major exposure; however, in the case of iron ore, which is a key item in bilateral trade, the dependency also exists on China’s side. Although for all three countries it is a reasonable goal to enhance the resilience of supply chains and diversify economic relations, the “China plus one” strategy seems to be more beneficial for the future than cutting off economic relations with China across the board.
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Cosbey, Aaron, and Adrien Vogt-Schilb. Climate-Related Trade Measures: Assessing Impacts for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005062.
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There is a growing wave of concern for the embodied carbon in traded goods. One manifestation of that concern is large economies such as the USA and the European Union enacting climate-related trade measures, including border carbon adjustment. This paper reviews more than ten climate-related trade measures that are currently enacted or under discussion globally and five initiatives from large companies to source low-carbon inputs. It then assesses Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Perus vulnerability to trade restrictions, based on estimated greenhouse gas intensity of their exported goods (using an input-output analysis) relative to other global producers, and an exposure analysis that assesses the likelihood that current importers of these products might implement climate-related trade measures. Finally, it reviews existing scenarios of global oil, natural gas and coal demand, and asks what they mean for fossil fuel exports from these countries. Agricultural goods stand out as vulnerable, as they are the main driver of deforestation and associated emissions. The most serious threat is the vulnerability of fossil fuel exports, primarily crude oil and gas, which dominate the four countries current exports. The paper exposes recommendations in terms of diversifying the economy away from fossil fuels and preparing exporters to comply with emerging climate-related trade restrictions.
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Lawrence, David. UK trade and the war in Ukraine. Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135379.
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- The UK is less exposed to the direct effects of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine than its European neighbours. However, the indirect and longer-term effects of the war on UK trade could still be significant. - Inflationary pressure worldwide will contribute to price rises in the UK, particularly for food and energy. The ongoing effects of both Brexit – which has caused cross-border supply frictions and worker shortages – and the COVID-19 pandemic – which led to pent-up domestic demand and further reduced the labour force – will only increase this upward pressure. - The war has prompted increased scrutiny of London’s role as a centre for kleptocratic wealth from Russia and elsewhere, and has lead the UK government to impose sanctions against Russian-linked individuals and companies. This could impact inward investment directly, through legal restrictions on business activities, or indirectly, by indicating that the UK is no longer open to trade with certain countries. - In the longer term, post-war Ukraine’s future status and trading relationship with the EU could affect the UK, as the process of defining Ukraine’s position with regard to the EU may encourage Brussels to revisit its relations with the UK or even to explore alternative models for other non-member countries on the EU’s periphery. - A renewed focus on European security could also encourage the UK and EU to improve trade, security and political ties. The need to enhance security closer to home may also cause the UK to rethink the ‘Indo-Pacific tilt’ outlined in the 2021 Integrated Review.
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Szałańska, Justyna, Justyna Gać, Ewa Jastrzębska, et al. Country report: Poland. Welcoming spaces in relation to social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability in shrinking regions. Welcoming Spaces Consortium, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/welcoming_spaces_2022.
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This report aims to present findings of the research conducted in Poland within the Work Package 1 of the Welcoming Spaces project, namely “Welcoming spaces” in relation to economic viability, social wellbeing and political stability in shrinking regions. The main aim of the mentioned research was to examine how welcoming initiatives are organised and implemented in the selected shrinking localities in Poland. In particular, the creation of welcoming initiatives concerning social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability was assessed. To accomplish this objective, five localities were selected purposefully, namely Łomża (city with powiat status) and Zambrów (urban commune) in Podlaskie Voivodeship and Łuków (town), Wohyń (rural commune) and Zalesie (rural commune) in Lubelskie Voivodeship. Within these localities, 23 welcoming initiatives were identified, out of which 12 were chosen for in-depth research. The field research was conducted in all five localities between March and December 2021. During this period, the SGH Warsaw School of Economics team conducted 43 interviews with institutional stakeholders (representatives of local governments, schools, non-governmental organisations – NGOs, religious organisations and private companies) and individuals (both migrant newcomers and native residents). In addition, local government representatives were surveyed to compare their policies, measures and stances toward migrant inhabitants and local development. The research was also complemented with the literature review, policy documents analysis, and local media outlets discourse analysis. Until February 2022 and the outbreak of war in Ukraine, welcoming spaces in Poland were scarce and spatially limited to the big cities like Warsaw, Cracow, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Lublin or Białystok, governed by liberal mayors and city councils open to accept migrants and treat them as a valuable human asset of the city community. However, in smaller cities, towns and rural areas, especially in shrinking regions, welcoming spaces have been highly conditioned by welcoming initiatives carried out mainly by civil society organisations (CSOs). It is very likely that the war in Ukraine will completely change the situation we write about in this country report. However, this crisis and its consequences were not the subjects of our desk research and fieldwork in Poland, which ended in December 2021. As of late July 2022, the number of border crossings from Ukraine to Poland is almost 5 million and the number of forced migrants registered for temporary protection or similar national protection scheme concern 1.3 million people (UNHCR 2022). However, the number of those who have decided to stay in Poland is estimated at around 1.5 million (Duszczyk and Kaczmarczyk 2022). Such a large influx of forced migrants from Ukraine within five months already affects the demographic situation in the country and access to public services, mainly in large and medium-size cities1 . Depending on the development of events in Ukraine and the number of migrants who will decide to stay in Poland in the following months, the functioning of the domestic labour market, education, health service, and social assistance may significantly change. The following months may also bring new changes in the law relating to foreigners, aimed at their easier integration in the country. Access to housing in cities is already a considerable challenge, which may result in measures to encourage foreigners to settle in smaller towns and rural areas. Given these dynamic changes in the migration situation of the country, as well as in the area of admission and integration activities, Poland seems to be slowly becoming one great welcoming space. It is worth mentioning that the main institutional actors in this area have been NGOs and local governments since the beginning of the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine. An important supporting and coordinating role has also been played by international organisations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), which launched its inter-agency Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRRP) in early spring to address the most urgent needs of the population of forced migrants and their host countries in this part of Europe (UNHCR 2022a; UNHCR 2022b; UNHCR 2022c). Based on the number of newly emerged welcoming initiatives and the pace of this emergence, they will soon become an everyday reality for every municipality in Poland. Therefore, it is difficult to find more up-todate circumstances for the “Welcoming Spaces” project objective, which is “to rethink ways forward in creating inclusive space in such a way that it will contribute firstly to the successful integration of migrants in demographically and economically shrinking areas and simultaneously to the revitalization of these places”. Furthermore, the initiatives we selected as case studies for our research should be widely promoted and treated as a model of migrants’ inclusion into the new communities. On the other hand, we need to emphasize here that the empirical material was collected between March and December 2021, before the outbreak of war in Ukraine. As such, it does not reflect the new reality in Poland