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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Borel measure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Borel measure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Borel measure"

1

Zhang, Chun Qin, and Hui Zhang. "Borel-Cantelli Lemma for Sugeno Measure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.367.

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Sugeno measure is a fuzzy measure. In this paper, we derive the Borel-Cantelli lemma for Sugeno measure. This result is a natural extension of the classical Borel-Cantelli lemma to the case where the measure tool is fuzzy. The properties of Sugeno measure are further discussed. Then the Borel-Cantelli lemma will be proven on Sugeno measure space. This work generalizes the research and applications of the Borel-Cantelli lemma.

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Aldaz, J. M., and H. Render. "Borel Measure Extensions of Measures Defined on Sub-σ-Algebras." Advances in Mathematics 150, no. 2 (March 2000): 233–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/aima.1999.1866.

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Schilling, Kenneth. "Vanishing Borel sets." Journal of Symbolic Logic 63, no. 1 (March 1998): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586600.

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Henson and Ross [1] answered the question of when two hyperfinite sets A, B in an ℵ1-saturated nonstandard universe are bijective by a Borel function: precisely when ∣A∣/∣B∣ ≈ 1. Živaljević [5] generalized this result to nonvanishing Borel sets. He defined a set to be nonvanishing if it is Loeb-measurable and has finite, non-zero measure with respect to some Loeb counting measure. He then showed that two nonvanishing Borel sets are Borel bijective just in case they have the same finite, non-zero measure with respect to some Loeb counting measure.Here we shall complete the cycle, for Borel sets at least. For N ∈ *N, let λN be the internal counting measure given by λN(A) = ∣A∣/N for A internal. Then for vanishing Loeb-measurable sets B, it is natural to consider the Dedekind cut (BL, BR) on *N consisting of those N for which B has 0λN-measure infinity and zero, respectively. We show that, for all vanishing Borel sets B, B and BL are Borel bijective. It follows that vanishing Borel sets B and C are Borel bijective if, and only if, BL = CL. Combined with Živaljević's result, we can characterize when arbitrary Borel sets are Borel bijective: precisely when they have the same measure with respect to all Loeb counting measures.In the final section, we generalize in a similar way results of [2] and [5] to characterize when two Borel sets are bijective by a countably determined function: precisely when, for all N, one has 0λN-measure 0 if and only if the other also has 0λN-measure 0.

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Dostál, Petr, Jaroslav Lukeš, and Jiří Spurný. "Measure Convex and Measure Extremal Sets." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 49, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 536–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2006-051-1.

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AbstractWe prove that convex sets are measure convex and extremal sets are measure extremal provided they are of low Borel complexity. We also present examples showing that the positive results cannot be strengthened.

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INSELMANN, MANUEL J., and BENJAMIN D. MILLER. "RECURRENCE AND THE EXISTENCE OF INVARIANT MEASURES." Journal of Symbolic Logic 86, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2020.8.

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AbstractWe show that recurrence conditions do not yield invariant Borel probability measures in the descriptive set-theoretic milieu, in the strong sense that if a Borel action of a locally compact Polish group on a standard Borel space satisfies such a condition but does not have an orbit supporting an invariant Borel probability measure, then there is an invariant Borel set on which the action satisfies the condition but does not have an invariant Borel probability measure.

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Panchapagesan, T. V., and Shivappa Veerappa Palled. "On vector lattice-valued measures II." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 40, no. 2 (April 1986): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s144678870002721x.

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AbstractFor a weakly (, )-distributive vector lattice V, it is proved that a V {}-valued Baire measure 0 on a locally compact Hausdorff space T admits uniquely regular Borel and weakly Borel extensions on T if and only if 0 is strongly regular at . Consequently, for such a vector lattice V every V-valued Baire measure on a locally compact Hausdorff space T has unique regular Borel and weakly Borel extensions. Finally some characterisations of a weakly (, )-distributive vector lattice are given in terms of the existence of regular Borel (weakly Borel) extensions of certain V {}-valued Barie measures on locally compact Hausdorff spaces.

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Elekes, Márton, and Tamás Keleti. "Is Lebesgue measure the only σ-finite invariant Borel measure?" Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 321, no. 1 (September 2006): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2005.08.035.

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Grubb, D. J., and Tim LaBerge. "Spaces of Quasi-Measures." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 42, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-1999-035-5.

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AbstractWe give a direct proof that the space of Baire quasi-measures on a completely regular space (or the space of Borel quasi-measures on a normal space) is compact Hausdorff. We show that it is possible for the space of Borel quasi-measures on a non-normal space to be non-compact. This result also provides an example of a Baire quasi-measure that has no extension to a Borel quasi-measure. Finally, we give a concise proof of theWheeler-Shakmatov theorem, which states that if X is normal and dim(X) ≤ 1, then every quasi-measure on X extends to a measure.

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Conley, Clinton, and Benjamin Miller. "Measure reducibility of countable Borel equivalence relations." Annals of Mathematics 185, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 347–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4007/annals.2017.185.2.1.

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Eigen, S., A. Hajian, and B. Weiss. "Borel automorphisms with no finite invariant measure." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 126, no. 12 (1998): 3619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-98-04489-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Borel measure"

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Peng, Man Kallenberg Olav. "Palm measure invariance and exchangeability for marked point processes." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/FALL/Mathematics_and_Statistics/Dissertation/Peng_Man_3.pdf.

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Cohen, Michael Patrick. "Descriptive Set Theory and Measure Theory in Locally Compact and Non-locally Compact Groups." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271792/.

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In this thesis we study descriptive-set-theoretic and measure-theoretic properties of Polish groups, with a thematic emphasis on the contrast between groups which are locally compact and those which are not. The work is divided into three major sections. In the first, working jointly with Robert Kallman, we resolve a conjecture of Gleason regarding the Polish topologization of abstract groups of homeomorphisms. We show that Gleason's conjecture is false, and its conclusion is only true when the hypotheses are considerably strengthened. Along the way we discover a new automatic continuity result for a class of functions which behave like but are distinct from functions of Baire class 1. In the second section we consider the descriptive complexity of those subsets of the permutation group S? which arise naturally from the classical Levy-Steinitz series rearrangement theorem. We show that for any conditionally convergent series of vectors in Euclidean space, the sets of permutations which make the series diverge, and diverge properly, are ?03-complete. In the last section we study the phenomenon of Haar null sets a la Christensen, and the closely related notion of openly Haar null sets. We identify and correct a minor error in the proof of Mycielski that a countable union of Haar null sets in a Polish group is Haar null. We show the openly Haar null ideal may be distinct from the Haar null ideal, which resolves an uncertainty of Solecki. We show that compact sets are always Haar null in S? and in any countable product of locally compact non-compact groups, which extends the domain of a result of Dougherty. We show that any countable product of locally compact non-compact groups decomposes into the disjoint union of a meager set and a Haar null set, which gives a partial positive answer to a question of Darji. We display a translation property in the homeomorphism group Homeo+[0,1] which is impossible in any non-trivial locally compact group. Other related results are peppered throughout.

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Miller, Janice E. "Representation theory, Borel cross-sections, and minimal measures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38643.

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Kornfeld, Dan. "Inflammatory bowel disease : risk factors for adverse outcomes, and preventive measures /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/19971105korn.

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Alrubaiy, Laith Kadhim Qassim. "Developing two new health outcome measures to support the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease." Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678275.

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Luk, Ka-sing, and 陸家聲. "Design and construction related defects of large diameter bored piles,prevention and remedial measures." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42577652.

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Luk, Ka-sing. "Design and construction related defects of large diameter bored piles, prevention and remedial measures." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42577652.

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Моравецька, Катерина Вiталiївна. "Мiри на банахових многовидах з рiвномiрною структурою." Doctoral thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/26061.

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Дисертацiя присвячена диференцiйовним мiрам на банахових многовидах з рiвномiрною структурою. Запропоновано метод побудови асоцiйованих мiр на поверхнях скiнченної корозмiрностi, вкладених у банахiв многовид з рiвномiрною структурою. Введено поняття асоцiйованої диференцiальної форми поверхнi та строго трансверсального до поверхнi набору векторних полiв. Доведено теорему “про узгодженiсть”, згiдно з якою поверхнева мiра задається однозначно асоцiйованою диференцiальною формою поверхнi. Показано транзитивнiсть запропонованої конструкцiї. На прикладi мiри Лебега в скiнченновимiрному просторi Rn та мiри об’єму на рiмановому многовидi з рiвномiрною структурою обґрунтовано її адекватнiсть. Отримано узагальнення низки результатiв з теорiї диференцiйовних мiр на лiнiйних просторах на випадок банахових многовидiв з рiвномiрною структурою. Доведено критерiй слабкої диференцiйовностi мiри уздовж обмеженого векторного поля, що узагальнює вiдомий результат В. I. Богачова.

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Lee, Su-San. "Triple test for small bowel bacterial overgrowth, Helicobacter pylori and transit time : a measure of gut health in humans /." Title page and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbl4771.pdf.

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Achleitner, Ulrike. "Identification of areas of functioning and disability addressed in Inflammatory bowel disease-specific patient reported outcome measures." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-154239.

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Books on the topic "Borel measure"

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. The Borel-Cantelli Lemma. India: Springer India, 2012.

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Lebesgue, Henri Léon. Les lendemains de l'intégrale: Lettres à Émile Borel. Paris: Vuibert, 2004.

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Hjorth, Greg. Rigidity theorems for actions of product groups and countable Borel equivalence relations. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 2005.

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Krasowski, Marek J. Measures to reduce overwinter injury to planted spruce in the boreal forest of British Columbia. [Victoria, B.C.]: Canadian Forest Service, 1996.

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The Borel-Cantelli Lemma. Springer, 2012.

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Measures with Symmetry Properties. Springer, 2003.

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Dodds, Chris, Chandra M. Kumar, and Frédérique Servin. Anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery in the elderly. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735571.003.0008.

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Major abdominal surgery and laparotomy are common procedures that are associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity, especially in the elderly. Outcomes can be improved by formal risk stratification, appropriate perioperative resuscitation and optimization, early surgery, senior anaesthetist involvement, and careful postoperative critical. Assessment of dehydration is imperative because fluid losses are very common and may be difficult to measure. Hypothermia is common, and measures should be instituted to conserve heat loss. Use of nitrous oxide can cause bowel distension and should be avoided. Elderly patients should receive postoperative care in an environment that is appropriate to the degree of comorbidity and the type of surgery. Effective analgesia is known to improve outcome. Only experienced anaesthetists should manage major and emergency abdominal surgery.

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Sierpina, Victor, Karen Welch, Dimple Desai, and Anna Rotkiewicz. The Healthy Gut in Older Adults. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0016.

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Gastrointestinal issues are among the most common problems in older adults, who present a unique set of issues related to the aging gut. An integrative physician attends to these issues by avoiding polypharmacy, reducing overuse of invasive procedures and medications, optimizing nutritional recommendations, and supporting quality of life. This chapter describes a variety of approaches that include functional medicine, lifestyle, mind-body, bioenergetics, botanical, herbal, and other measures to improve gut health. Specific topics covered are gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, ulcers, colon cancer, constipation, diarrhea, diverticulosis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and hemorrhoids. An illustrative case study is provided.

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Creffield, JW. Wood Destroying Insects. CSIRO Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101531.

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This book provides architects, engineers, builders, foresters, members of the pest control and timber industries, and the general public with a ready source of reference to the more important wood borers and termites encountered in Australia. Many species of timber can be attacked by wood-destroying insects such as wood borers and termites.With some species of wood borer or termite, an infestation can result in serious economic damage necessitating treatment and repair or replacement of the affected timber. With other species, remedial action is unnecessary. In many situations, preventive measures can significantly reduce the damage caused by these wood-destroying insects.

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Wallace, Valerie, and Colin Kidd. Between Nationhood and Nonconformity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198736233.003.0009.

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It tends to be assumed that the Anglo-Scottish relationship has defined modern Scottish literature. This chapter contends that religion rather than nationhood has been the dominant feature of Scottish literature within the Union, and that for most Scots, certainly from the mid-eighteenth-century Secessions, by way of the Disruption (1843), to the reunion of the Church of Scotland with the United Free Church in 1929, denominational allegiances within Scottish Protestantism, often within Presbyterianism itself, were the principal vehicles of identity. Scotland had a rich periodical press during the nineteenth century, but one splintered along denominational lines. Every denomination had its magazine, and Scottish reviewing, and literature more generally, bore marked denominational inflections. Moreover, the vivid characterization, claustrophobic Calvinism, and ingenious plotting of the Whig-Presbyterian novel have continued in no small measure—in works by Robin Jenkins and, more recently, James Robertson—to provide a narrative template for secularized, postmodern Scottish literature.

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Book chapters on the topic "Borel measure"

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Kubrusly, Carlos S. "Borel Measure." In Essentials of Measure Theory, 201–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22506-7_11.

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Gavriluţ, Alina, Ioan Mercheş, and Maricel Agop. "Non-atomicity and the Darboux property for fuzzy and non-fuzzy Borel/Baire multivalued set functions." In Atomicity through Fractal Measure Theory, 37–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29593-6_4.

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Pantsulaia, Gogi. "On Moore–Yamasaki–Kharazishvili Type Measures and the Infinite Powers of Borel Diffused Probability Measures on R." In Applications of Measure Theory to Statistics, 57–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45578-5_4.

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Guo, Wenqiang, Tianshuang Qiu, Yuzhang Zhao, and Daifeng Zha. "Identification of Independent Components Based on Borel Measure for Under-Determined Mixtures." In Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2006, 1177–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11759966_174.

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Malliavin, Paul. "Borel Measures and Radon Measures." In Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 55–100. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4202-4_2.

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Letac, Gérard. "Borel Measures and Radon Measures." In Exercises and Solutions Manual for Integration and Probability, 17–47. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4212-3_2.

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Kechris, Alexander S. "Borel Sets and Measures." In Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 103–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4190-4_17.

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Keisler, H. Jerome, and Yeneng Sun. "Loeb Measures and Borel Algebras." In Reuniting the Antipodes — Constructive and Nonstandard Views of the Continuum, 111–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9757-9_10.

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Doberkat, Ernst-Erich. "Borel Sets, Measures and All That." In Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science, 1–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02995-0_1.

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Höhle, U. "Many Valued Topologies And Borel Probability Measures." In Topological and Algebraic Structures in Fuzzy Sets, 115–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0231-7_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Borel measure"

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Paczkowski, K. W., H. R. Riggs, I. N. Robertson, and M. H. Kobayashi. "Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Computational Solution for Experimentally Generated High Velocity Bore Impact on Vertical Walls." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23189.

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A set of computational model tests was carried out to simulate high velocity bore impact on a vertical wall. The results were compared to a series of experimental tests conducted at the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory, large wave flume (LWF) at Oregon State University (OSU) [1]. Experimental tests included scaled tsunami experimental bores that traveled over a flat bottom [2]. The experimental bores were generated by solitary waves propagating over a sloping beach and breaking onto a flat reef [3]. After traveling through the reef portion, the generated bore impacted a vertical wall. In the experiments the resulting forces and pressures on the wall were measured. The aim of the study was to computationally regenerate the experimental bore flow and its impact on the vertical wall. Two computational domain setups were tested: 1) a dam break [3–8,10–16] and 2) a new approach, in which constant height and velocity water inflow was defined at the inlet to the domain. The two numerical approaches were compared to the LWF experimental data [3].

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Gomes, AC, R. Pinho, A. Ponte, A. Rodrigues, M. Sousa, JC Silva, E. Afecto, and J. Carvalho. "ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE MEASURES IN SMALL BOWEL CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY (SBCE)." In ESGE Days. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1704779.

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Robertson, I. N., K. Paczkowski, H. R. Riggs, and A. Mohamed. "Tsunami Bore Forces on Walls." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49487.

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A series of experiments have been carried out at Oregon State University to quantify tsunami bore forces on structures. Phase 1 of the tests was carried out in the Tsunami Wave Basin (TWB), while Phase II of the tests were carried out in the Large Wave Flume (LWF) at approximately twice the scale of the Phase I tests. These latter tests included ‘offshore’ solitary waves, with heights up to 1.3 m, that traveled over a flat bottom, up a sloping beach and breaking onto a flat ‘fringing reef’. Standing water depths on the reef varied from 0.05 m to 0.3 m. Resulting bores on the reef measured up to approximately 0.8 m. After propagating along the reef, the bores struck a vertical wall. The resulting forces and pressures on the wall were measured. The test setup for the Phase II tests in the LWF is described and the experimental results are reported. The results include forces and pressure distributions. Results show that the bores propagated with a Froude number of approximately 2, and that the forces follow Froude scaling. Finally, a design formula for the maximum impact force is given. The formula is shown to be an improvement over existing formulas found in the literature. The lateral forces are shown to be quite significant compared to traditional lateral loads on vertical wall elements.

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Terry, Benjamin S., Jonathan A. Schoen, Allison B. Lyle, and Mark E. Rentschler. "Preliminary Mechanical Characterization of the Small Bowel for In Vivo Mobility." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37010.

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In this work we present test methods, devices, and preliminary results for the mechanical characterization of the small bowel for intraluminal mobility. Both active and passive forces that affect mobility are investigated. The active forces are generated by the migrating motor complex and the movement of muscular organs within and surrounding the peritoneal cavity. Passive forces develop from the biomechanical response of the tissue, the tribology of the mucosa, mucoadhesion, and the orientation and mass of surrounding tissue. Four investigative devices and testing methods to characterize the active and passive forces are presented in this work. These are: 1) A novel manometer and a force sensor array that measure forces generated by the migrating motor complex; 2) A biaxial test apparatus and method for characterizing the biomechanical properties of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum; 3) A novel in vitro protocol and device designed to measure the force required to overcome mucoadhesion; 4) A novel tribometer that measures in vivo coefficient of friction between the mucus membrane and the robot surface.

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Takahama, Tsunemichi, Kazuma Nishimura, Seiichiro Ninomiya, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, and Yutaka Harada. "Development of a Quick and Easy-to-Install Strain Measurement Tool for Both Bending and Torsional Piping Stress Assessment." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63144.

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To assess the stresses on small-bore piping, we have developed a new tool that can be easily installed on a piping surface without adhesive bonding and that measures strains on piping quickly and accurately. This tool, which we call a “strain gauge holder,” is patented in Japan. As the tool can contain four strain gauge rosettes, with each rosette comprising three elements, the longitudinal strains and sheer strains can be measured synchronously at any four points precisely 90 degrees apart, with one point in each quadrant. By mockup testing, we confirmed that the measured bending and torsional strains by the holder were almost equivalent to the measured strains by the bonded gauges with adhesive, and that the holder made it possible to synchronously measure all of the strains resulting from the moment of force acting in three axes on the piping by measuring the bending and torsional strains in each quadrant. The strain gauge holder is expected to significantly reduce the pre- and post-working time required for strain measurement and stress assessment of piping in real plants.

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Theaker, M., R. Rahmani, and H. Rahnejat. "Prediction of Ring-Bore Conformance and Contact Condition and Experimental Validation." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81021.

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One of the key conjunctions in the IC engine is that made by the top compression ring to the cylinder liner. Although the compression ring has seen considerable improvements since its introduction into steam engines by John Ramsbottom in the 1850s, its multiple and often contradictory functions still remain a challenge today. The primary aim has always been to seal the combustion chamber and guard against leakage of combustion gasses. The ring is also required to conduct some of the generated heat away. These requirements call for good ring-bore conformance, but often at the expense of increased friction. A simplified inter-ring gas flow model, as well as the measured chamber pressure using a Kistler pressure transducer is carried out under motored conditions to obtain the net gas pressure acting behind the ring. This and the elastic pressure as the result of ring restoring tension force in fitment constitute the contact load, which is usually carried by a mixed-hydrodynamic regime of lubrication. The conjunction pressures are treated as a combination of hydrodynamic generated pressures and asperity-pair interactions. The former is obtained by solution of two dimensional Reynolds equation, whilst the latter is determined assuming a Gaussian distribution of asperities on the counterfaces. Surface topography of the bounding solids; the compression ring and the liner are measured and used as appropriate statistical functions in the Greenwood and Tripp model. Using an analytical flow model, pressure acting behind the ring (on the inner periphery of the ring) is obtained, leading to the calculation of ring-bore friction. A floating liner is used to measure friction of piston and ringpack in situ. The characteristic of the predicted variations are compared with the measured data. However, a quantitative comparison is not possible as the measured data corresponds to all the conjunctions of piston system, including the oil control rings as well as the piston skirt. The results show that variation of gas force behind the ring significantly changes the ring-bore contact, thus friction and the nature of interactions.

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Takahama, Tsunemichi. "A Method for Measuring Combined Stress of Small Bore Piping Around Weld in Field Using Strain Gauge Holder." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21426.

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Abstract This paper proposes using the strain gauge holder which has 12 elements of strain gauge in order to measure the 2 directional bending stresses and the torsional stress synchronously around the weld in small bore piping. The paper also provides the actual measured dynamic stresses around the welds in real fields including combined stress by the strain gauge holder. The measured stresses are shown on a time axis, on a frequency axis, on an X-Y display like Lissajous figure, and on an X-Y-Z 3D display. It was confirmed that the strain gauge holder was able to be installed within 20 minutes, to be used on 180°C piping, and to be reused in real fields because it was not necessary to adhere the strain gauges on the piping. The measured strains obtained by using the strain gauge holder can provide useful information of the piping system to decide whether the reinforcements are necessary, to enhance the accuracy of the design and calculation, and to improve the validity of fatigue evaluation. It is planned in future to develop a methodology of fatigue evaluation based on the measured stresses obtained by using the strain gauge holder.

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Etter, Olivia, Rukmini Jagdish, Peter Matthews, Emma Johnston, and Samuel Pannick. "PTU-34 Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy: A comparison against European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy performance measures." In Abstracts of the BSG Annual Meeting, 8–12 November 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-bsg.107.

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Thorat, Manish R., and Brian Bauer. "Measured Influence of Clearance and Eccentricity on Brush Seal Leakage Characteristics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15075.

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Abstract Brush seals are used in turbomachinery for reduced leakage as compared to conventional seals such as labyrinth seals. Early applications tended to favor having a line-to-line to a slight interference fit of the bristles to the shaft, but more recent applications have favored the use of a slight initial clearance fit for the purpose of reducing bristle wear. In these brush seals with clearance, the phenomenon of bristle blow-down largely negates the leakage degradation due to clearance, with bristles bending to reduce the clearance gap. This paper presents experimental results for a 10.5 inch bore brush seal with 0.0028 inch bristle diameter. Bristle blow-down is characterized with measurements at three different clearances then compared to a calibrated brush seal leakage model. Tolerances in brush installation may lead to a brush seal bore that is eccentric to the rotor. The influence of this seal eccentricity on measured leakage performance is also characterized in the paper. Seal eccentricities up to 55% of brush fence height are tested. Effective clearances for eccentric operation are estimated from the measurements. Brush seals are described as unidirectional seals because the bristles have a lay angle in the direction of rotation. This paper also investigates the influence of rotation direction on measured leakage performance of brush seal. This influence is characterized by non-pressurized reverse rotation operation and measurement of leakage performance prior to and after reverse rotation operation.

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O’Hara, F., S. Seminov, and D. McNamara. "The Use Of Bowel Preparation to Improve Diagnostic Yield in Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy. A Prospective Randomised Nested Case Control Study Of Moviprep Versus Dietary Measures." In ESGE Days 2021. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1724604.

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Reports on the topic "Borel measure"

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Zhang, Y., R. Touzi, W. Feng, G. Hong, T. C. Lantz, and S. V. Kokelj. A multisite dataset of near-surface soil temperature, active-layer thickness, and soil and vegetation conditions measured in northwestern Canada, 2016-2017. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329207.

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Quantifying and understanding spatial variation in permafrost conditions at the landscape-scale is important for land use planning and assessing the impacts of permafrost thaw. This report documents detailed field data observed at 110 sites in two areas in northwestern Canada from 2016 to 2017. One area is a northern boreal landscape near Inuvik and the other is a tundra landscape near Tuktoyaktuk. The observations include near-surface soil temperatures (Tnss) at 107 sites, and active-layer thickness, soil and vegetation conditions at 110 sites. The data set includes the original Tnss records, the calculated daily, monthly, and annual averages of Tnss, soil and vegetation conditions at these sites, and photographs taken in the field. This data set will be useful for understanding the spatial heterogeneity of permafrost and validating modelling and mapping products.

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Douglas, Thomas, Merritt Turetsky, and Charles Koven. Increased rainfall stimulates permafrost thaw across a variety of Interior Alaskan boreal ecosystems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41050.

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Earth’s high latitudes are projected to experience warmer and wetter summers in the future but ramifications for soil thermal processes and permafrost thaw are poorly understood. Here we present 2750 end of summer thaw depths representing a range of vegetation characteristics in Interior Alaska measured over a 5-year period. This included the top and third wettest summers in the 91-year record and three summers with precipitation close to mean historical values. Increased rainfall led to deeper thaw across all sites with an increase of 0.7 ± 0.1 cm of thaw per cm of additional rain. Disturbed and wetland sites were the most vulnerable to rain-induced thaw with ~1 cm of surface thaw per additional 1 cm of rain. Permafrost in tussock tundra, mixed forest, and conifer forest was less sensitive to rain-induced thaw. A simple energy budget model yields seasonal thaw values smaller than the linear regression of our measurements but provides a first-order estimate of the role of rain-driven sensible heat fluxes in high-latitude terrestrial permafrost. This study demonstrates substantial permafrost thaw from the projected increasing summer precipitation across most of the Arctic region.

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Manninen, Terhikki, and Pauline Stenberg. Influence of forest floor vegetation on the total forest reflectance and its implications for LAI estimation using vegetation indices. Finnish Meteorological Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361379.

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Recently a simple analytic canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) model based on the spectral invariants theory was presented. The model takes into account that the recollision probability in the forest canopy is different for the first scattering than the later ones. Here this model is extended to include the forest floor contribution to the total forest BRF. The effect of the understory vegetation on the total forest BRF as well as on the simple ratio (SR) and the normalized difference (NDVI) vegetation indices is demonstrated for typical cases of boreal forest. The relative contribution of the forest floor to the total BRF was up to 69 % in the red wavelength range and up to 54 % in the NIR wavelength range. Values of SR and NDVI for the forest and the canopy differed within 10 % and 30 % in red and within 1 % and 10 % in the NIR wavelength range. The relative variation of the BRF with the azimuth and view zenith angles was not very sensitive to the forest floor vegetation. Hence, linear correlation of the modelled total BRF and the Ross-thick kernel was strong for dense forests (R2 > 0.9). The agreement between modelled BRF and satellite-based reflectance values was good when measured LAI, clumping index and leaf single scattering albedo values for a boreal forest were used as input to the model.

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Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai, and Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods: induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.

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During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.

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NHSR 152: Health Care Utilization Among U.S. Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease, 2015–2016. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:100471.

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