Journal articles: 'Borg perceived exertion scale'

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Williams, Nerys. "The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale." Occupational Medicine 67, no. 5 (July 2017): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx063.

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Arney, Blaine E., Jos J. de Koning, Carl Foster, John P. Porcari, Richard P. Mikat, Salvador Jaime, Teun van Erp, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, and Reese Glover. "Comparison of rating of perceived exertion scales during incremental and interval exercise." Kinesiology 51, no. 2 (2019): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.51.2.1.

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The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is an important measure of exercise intensity, which is useful both as a primary and adjunctive method of exercise prescription. However, there are multiple variants of the Borg RPE scale, primarily the Borg 6-20 RPE scale (BORG-RPE) and the Borg Category-Ratio-10 scale (BORG-CR10). There are inadequate data available to address the comparability and interchangeability of these two widely used scales. Well-trained non-athletes performed two increment cycle tests, with each scale used in a random sequence. Subjects also performed interval sessions at three intensities (50, 75 and 85% of peak power output) with each scale used in a random sequence. There were very large correlations during the incremental exercise between the conventional physiological measures (% heart rate reserve – r=0.89 & r=.87); and %VO2reserve (r=.88 & r=.90) and RPE measured by either the BORG-RPE or the BORGCR10, respectively. This pattern was also evident during the interval exercise (% heart rate reserve (r=.85 & r=.84; and blood lactate concentration – r=.74 & r=.78) and RPE measured by either the BORG-RPE or the BORG-CR10, respectively. The relationship between RPE measured by the BORG-RPE and the BORGCR10 was large and best described by a non-linear relationship for both the incremental (R2=89) and the interval (R2=.89) exercise. The incremental and interval curves were virtually overlapping. We concluded that the two most popular versions of the RPE scale, BORG-RPE and BORG-CR10, were both highly related to the conventional physiological measures and very strongly related to each other, with an easily described conversion.

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Küpper, Thomas, N. Heussen, Audry Morrison, Volker Schöffl, Buddha Basnyat, David Hillebrandt, Jim Milledge, Jürgen Steffgen, and Beate Meier. "The Borg Scale at high altitude." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 15, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9500.

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Introduction: The Borg Scale for perceived exertion is well established in science and sport to keep an appropriate level of workload or to rate physical strain. Although it is also often used at moderate and high altitude, it was never validated for hypoxic conditions. Since pulse rate and minute breathing volume at rest are increased at altitude it may be expected that the rating of the same workload is higher at altitude compared to sea level. Material and methods: 16 mountaineers were included in a prospective randomized design trial. Standardized workload (ergometry) and rating of the perceived exertion (RPE) were performed at sea level, at 3,000 m, and at 4,560 m. For validation of the scale Maloney-Rastogi-test and Bland-Altmann-Plots were used to compare the Borg ratings at each intensity level at the three altitudes; p < 0.05 was defined as significant. Results: In Bland-Altmann-Plots more than 95% of all Borg ratings were within the interval of 1.96 x standard deviation. There was no significant deviation of the ratings at moderate or high altitude. The correlation between RPE and workload or oxygen uptake was weak. Conclusion: The Borg Scale for perceived exertion gives valid results at moderate and high altitude – at least up to about 5,000 m. Therefore it may be used at altitude without any modification. The weak correlation of RPE and workload or oxygen uptake indicates that there should be other factors indicating strain to the body. What is really measured by Borg’s Scale should be investigated by a specific study.

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Arney, Blaine E., Reese Glover, Andrea Fusco, Cristina Cortis, Jos J. de Koning, Teun van Erp, Salvador Jaime, Richard P. Mikat, John P. Porcari, and Carl Foster. "Comparison of RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) Scales for Session RPE." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 7 (August 1, 2019): 994–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0637.

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Purpose: The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is a well-accepted method of monitoring training load in athletes in many different sports. It is based on the category-ratio (0–10) RPE scale (BORG-CR10) developed by Borg. There is no evidence how substitution of the Borg 6–20 RPE scale (BORG-RPE) might influence the sRPE in athletes. Methods: Systematically training, recreational-level athletes from a number of sport disciplines performed 6 randomly ordered, 30-min interval-training sessions, at intensities based on peak power output (PPO) and designed to be easy (50% PPO), moderate (75% PPO), or hard (85% PPO). Ratings of sRPE were obtained 30 min postexercise using either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE and compared for matched exercise conditions. Results: The average percentage of heart-rate reserve was well correlated with sRPE from both BORG-CR10 (r = .76) and BORG-RPE (r = .69). The sRPE ratings from BORG-CR10 and BORG-RPE were very strongly correlated (r = .90) at matched times. Conclusions: Although producing different absolute numbers, sRPE derived from either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE provides essentially interchangeable estimates of perceived exercise training intensity.

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Russell, William D. "On the Current Status of Rated Perceived Exertion." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3 (June 1997): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.799.

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This paper chronicles the psychophysical principles which led to the development of the Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale by Borg in 1970 and a concise, comprehensive summary of research on the scale. The current status of research is examined by discussion of several important areas within the field including psychophysical scaling, scale development, psychometrics, and applications. Physiological and psychological approaches are examined and the need for an interdisciplinary approach is addressed.

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Pedoe, D. T. "Beta adrenergic blocking drugs and the Borg rating scale of perceived exertion." British Journal of Sports Medicine 31, no. 2 (June 1, 1997): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.31.2.93.

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Belanger, Kevin, Peter Breithaupt, Zachary M. Ferraro, Nick Barrowman, Jane Rutherford, Stasia Hadjiyannakis, Rachel C. Colley, and Kristi B. Adamo. "Do Obese Children Perceive Submaximal and Maximal Exertion Differently?" Clinical Medicine Insights: Pediatrics 7 (January 2013): CMPed.S12524. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmped.s12524.

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We examined how obese children perceive a maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test compared with a submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness test. Twenty-one obese children (body mass index ≥95th percentile, ages 10–17 years) completed maximal and submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness tests on 2 separate occasions. Oxygen consumption (VO2) and overall perceived exertion (Borg 15-category scale) were measured in both fitness tests. At comparable workloads, perceived exertion was rated significantly higher ( P < 0.001) in the submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness test compared with the maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test. The submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness test was significantly longer than the maximal test (14:21 ± 04:04 seconds vs. 12:48 ± 03:27 seconds, P < 0.001). Our data indicate that at the same relative intensity, obese children report comparable or even higher perceived exertion during submaximal fitness testing than during maximal fitness testing. Perceived exertion in a sample of children and youth with obesity may be influenced by test duration and protocol design.

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Guidetti, Laura, Antonio Sgadari, Cosme F. Buzzachera, Marianna Broccatelli, Alan C. Utter, Fredric L. Goss, and Carlo Baldari. "Validation of the OMNI-Cycle Scale of Perceived Exertion in the Elderly." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 19, no. 3 (July 2011): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.19.3.214.

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This study examined the concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-Cycle Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale, using elderly men and women. Seventy-six participants performed a load-incremented cycle-ergometer exercise test. Concurrent validity was determined by correlating OMNI-RPE responses with oxygen uptake, relative peak oxygen uptake, pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and respiratory-exchange ratio during a load-incremented cycle-ergometer protocol. Construct validity was established by correlating RPE derived from the OMNI-Cycle Scale with RPE from the Borg (6–20) Scale. Multilevel, mixed linear-regression models indicated that OMNI-RPE distributed as a significant (p< .05) positive linear function (r= .81–.92) for all physiological measures. OMNI-RPE was positively (p< .01) and linearly related to Borg-RPE in elderly men (r= .97) and women (r= .96). This study demonstrates both concurrent and construct validity of the OMNI-Cycle RPE Scale. These findings support the use of this scaling metric with elderly men and women to estimate RPE during cycle-ergometer exercise.

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Follador, Lucio, Ragami C. Alves, Sandro dos S. Ferreira, Aldo C. Silva, and Sergio G. da Silva. "Perceived Exertion and Affect From Tai Chi, Yoga, and Stretching Classes for Elderly Women." Perceptual and Motor Skills 126, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518823661.

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Tai Chi, yoga, and stretching regimens are gaining popularity as alternatives to more traditional exercise, but there is scant research regarding participants’ perceived exertion and affective responses to these practices. We compared experienced states of perceived exertion, feelings of pleasure/displeasure, and arousal in 70 elderly women enrolled in groups of Tai Chi ( n = 26), yoga ( n = 25), or stretching ( n = 19) classes. Mean rates of perceived exertion, feelings of pleasure, and arousal responses were significantly higher over the time course of all three groups, while the overall mean perceived exertion ( Somewhat Hard on the Borg CR-10 scale) and pleasure responses (∼ Very Good on the Feeling Scale) were similar between them. The circumplex model of affect showed that changes occurred in the high-activation pleasure quadrant (energy on the Felt Arousal Scale). From a practical perspective, the exercise intensity and affective responses elicited during these classes made participants feel good and infused with energy, likely creating a positive memory and reinforcing continued physical activity participation.

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Lowe, Brian D. "Modelling the Additivity of Perceived Exertion in Symmetric, Mid-Sagittal Lifting." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 10 (October 1994): 621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801017.

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Psychophysical approaches to quantifying perceived effort have been used to evaluate the physical demand of many industrial work activities. An experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between ratings of whole-body perceived exertion and differentiated, regional ratings of exertion. The Borg, CR-10 scale was used by 16 subjects performing a simulated repetitive lifting task. Ratings of perceived exertion were obtained for the arms, legs, torso, and central (cardiorespiratory) effort sensations as well as a rating of overall, whole-body exertion. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict the whole-body rating of exertion from the differentiated ratings in lifting tasks using both a squat and stoop posture. In the stoop posture condition the coefficient of determination between whole-body perceived exertion and the model including arm, torso, and central ratings was R2=0.81. In the squat posture condition, the final regression model predicting whole-body exertion contained only the rating from the legs (R2 = 0.62). Differentiated ratings explained the majority of the variance in whole-body perceived exertion for squat and stoop lifting tasks.

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Lamb, Kevin L. "Children’s Ratings of Effort during Cycle Ergometry: An Examination of the Validity of Two Effort Rating Scales." Pediatric Exercise Science 7, no. 4 (November 1995): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.7.4.407.

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This study assessed and compared the validity of children’s effort ratings using the established Borg 6–20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and a recently devised Children’s Effort Rating Table (CERT) during continuous cycle ergometry. Seventy school children were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 (RPE) and Group 2 (CERT). Both groups received two incremental exercise trials (Trial 1 and Trial 2) 7 days apart. For both scales, data analysis yielded significant (p < .01) Pearson correlations between perceived effort ratings and heart rate (HR) (rs ≥ .50) and perceived effort and absolute power outputs (rs ≥ .59). Moreover, correlations for CERT were consistently higher than for RPE. Test-retest intraclass correlations of R = .91 (CERT) and R = .90 (RPE) revealed that both scales were reliable. These data suggest that among preadolescent children the traditional scale (RPE) is not the only, nor indeed the best, option for monitoring perceived exertion during controlled exercise.

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Kossi, Oyéné, Justine Lacroix, Maxence Compagnat, Jean Christophe Daviet, and Stéphane Mandigout. "Perceived exertion and energy expenditure during physical activities in healthy young people and older adults." Folia Medica 63, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.63.e56679.

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Aim: To test the validity of Borg’s 6–20 rating of perceived exertion scale in assessing the exertion intensity over a multi-activity session in young and older adults.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included 56 healthy participants. All participants underwent a single session of activities including working on a computer, treadmill walking, biking, and treadmill running. Results: Results showed a non-significant correlation between the overall perceived exertion and energy expenditure in young people (Rho=−0.05, p=0.75) and in older adults (Rho=−0.05, p=0.78) for the whole session. However, results showed that older adults perceived significantly higher exertion compared to young people while working on a computer, walking and running, whereas they presented lower energy expenditure while resting and working on a computer. Conclusions: Combining the perceived exertion method with other commonly used methods to estimate exercise intensity would be recommended for older adults.

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Forti, Meire, Antonio Roberto Zamunér, Vandeni Clarice Kunz, Mariana Rodrigues Salviati, Tarcísio Augusto Gonçalves Nery, and Ester da Silva. "Ratings of perceived exertion at anaerobic threshold in patients with coronary artery disease." Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 21, no. 2 (April 2014): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-2950/37321022014.

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The study aimed to identify and compare the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 30 male subjects took part in the study and were divided into three groups: a control group (CG) composed of 10 healthy participants; a group composed of 10 participants diagnosed with CAD beta-blocker user (G-DACb); and a group composed of 10 participants with CAD non-beta-blocker user (G-DAC). The participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with continuous type ramp protocol to determine the VAT, through the visual graphical analysis (loss of parallelism between the oxygen uptake and the carbon dioxide output). During CPET, before the end of each one-minute period, the subjects were asked to rate dyspnea (RPE-D) and leg fatigue (RPE-L) on the Borg CR-10 scale. After the VAT was determined, the score that the participants gave on the Borg CR10 scale was verified. CG participants showed higher workload, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, ventilation and heart rate at the VAT compared to the G-DAC and G-DACb (p<0.05). However, regarding the RPE-L and the RPE-D, no significant difference between the groups were observed (p<0.05). Values between five and six on Borg CR-10 scale matched the VAT in the subjects studied. However, other parameters must be concomitantly used for prescribing exercise intensity in physical training protocols, at levels close to the VAT for patients with CAD.

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Leung, Mee-Lee, Pak-Kwong Chung, and Raymond W. Leung. "An Assessment of the Validity and Reliability of Two Perceived Exertion Rating Scales among Hong Kong Children." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3_suppl (December 2002): 1047–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3f.1047.

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This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Chinese-translated (Cantonese) versions of the Borg 6–20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale and the Children's Effort Rating Table (CERT) during continuous incremental cycle ergometry with 10- to 11-yr.-old Hong Kong school children. A total of 69 children were randomly assigned, with the restriction of groups being approximately equal, to two groups using the two scales, CERT ( n = 35) and RPE ( n = 34). Both groups performed two trials of identical incremental continuous cycling exercise (Trials 1 and 2) 1 wk. apart for the reliability test. Objective measures of exercise intensity (heart rate, absolute power output, and relative oxygen consumption) and the two subjective measures of effort were obtained during the exercise. For both groups, significant Pearson correlations were found for perceived effort ratings correlated with heart rate ( rs ≥ .69), power output ( rs ≥ .75), and oxygen consumption ( rs ≥ .69). In addition, correlations for CERT were consistently higher than those for RPE. High test-retest intraclass correlations were found for both the effort ( R = .96) and perceived exertion ( R = 89) groups, indicating that the scales were reliable. In conclusion, the CERT and RPE scales, when translated into Cantonese, are valid and reliable measures of exercise intensity during controlled exercise by children. The Effort rating may be better than the Perceived Exertion scale as a measure of perceived exertion that can be more validly and reliably used with Hong Kong children.

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Rodríguez-Marroyo, Jose A., and Carlos Antoñan. "Validity of the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion for Monitoring Exercise Demands in Youth Soccer Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 3 (April 2015): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0058.

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Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent and construct validity of the Borg (0–10) and children’s OMNI scales for quantifying the exercise intensity and training load (TL) in youth soccer players.Methods:Twelve children (mean ± SD age 11.4 ± 0.5 y, height 154.3 ± 6.5 cm, body mass 39.5 ± 5.4 kg) took part in this study. Exercise intensity and TL were calculated on the basis of the session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and heart rate (HR; Edwards method) during 20 technical-tactical training sessions. Players’ sRPEs were obtained from the Borg and OMNI scales.Results:Low correlations between HR-based TL and sRPE TL based on the Borg (r = .17, P = .335) and OMNI (r = .34, P = .007) scales were obtained. Significant (P < .001) relationships in sRPE (r = .76) and TL (r = .79) between RPE scales were found.Conclusion:The current data do not support the relationship between the sRPE and HR methods for quantifying TL in youth soccer players. However, the sRPE method could be considered a better indicator of global internal TL, since sRPE is a measure of both physical and psychological stress. In addition, the authors demonstrated the construct validity for the OMNI scale to control exercise demands.

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Arnhold, Robert, Nelson Ng, and Gary Pechar. "Relationship of Rated Perceived Exertion to Heart Rate and Workload in Mentally Retarded Young Adults." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 9, no. 1 (January 1992): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.9.1.47.

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This study was conducted to determine the predictive ability of rated perceived exertion (RPE) of mentally retarded (MR) young adults with respect to heart rate (HR) and workload (WL). Subjects were a group of 10 mentally retarded adults (M age = 21.20 yrs, M IQ = 50.5) and a control group of 10 nonretarded adults (M age = 21.18 yrs). The procedure involved the performance of a continuous multistage treadmill test using a modified Balke protocol. Rated perceived exertion and heart rate were recorded after each minute. Correlation coefficients for both RPE/HR and RPE/WL were significant for both groups. Tests for differences in RPE/HR and RPE/WL correlation coefficients between the two groups indicated significance for RPE/HR but none for RPE/WL. Regression analysis revealed that variation in RPE could be explained by variations in HR and WL. The association between rated perceived exertion and heart rate and rated perceived exertion and workload suggests the use of the Borg scale with mentally retarded individuals.

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Chakravarthy, Ameera, and Barbara Resnick. "Reliability and Validity Testing of the MotionWatch 8 in Older Adults." Journal of Nursing Measurement 25, no. 3 (2017): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.549.

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Background and Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to test the reliability and validity of the MotionWatch 8 with older adults. Methods: Participants wore the MotionWatch 8 for 3 days, completed a diary of activities and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. Results: Evidence of reliability and validity was supported because there was no difference in daily level of activity and that recorded physical activity matched the activity counts. There was a significant difference in Borg RPE scale scores between the sedentary group (Borg RPE scale = 8.6,SD= 3.0) and those with some level of activity (Borg RPE scale = 9.9,SD= 2.3;F= 5.72,p= .02). Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the MotionWatch 8 when used with older adults.

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Robertson, Robert, Fredric Goss, Timothy Michael, Niall Moyna, Paul Gordon, Paul Visich, Jie Kang, Theodore Angelopoulos, Sergio Dasilva, and Kenneth Metz. "Validity of the Borg Perceived Exertion Scale for Use in Semirecumbent Ergometry during Immersion in Water." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 1 (August 1996): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.1.3.

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This investigation examined the validity of the Borg 15-category Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale during semirecumbent exercise in 32°C water. 9 men undertook 12 8-min. trials at 3 power outputs and 4 pedal-crank rates. The power output was distributed between the arms (20%) and legs (80%). RPEs were measured for the arms, legs, chest, and over-all body. Correlation coefficients for RPE expressed as a function of power output and gross metabolic efficiency (MEG) ranged from .56 to .83 and .54 to .70, respectively, for each pedal-crank rate. Validity coefficients were greatest at those pedal-crank rates having the highest MEG. The Borg 15-category RPE scale is valid for use during semirecumbent exercise in water.

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Marmeleira, José Francisco Filipe, Nuno Micael Carrasqueira Aldeias, and Pedro Miguel dos Santos Medeira da Graça. "Physical activity levels in Portuguese high school physical education." European Physical Education Review 18, no. 2 (May 22, 2012): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x12440022.

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The main aim of this study was to evaluate the physical activity (PA) levels of high school Portuguese students during physical education (PE) and investigate the association of PA levels with students’ goal orientation and intrinsic motivation. Forty-six students from three high schools participated. Heart rate telemetry and pedometry were used to assess PA and the Borg rate of perceived exertion scale was used to measure perceived exertion. Thirty PE lessons were monitored. The results indicated that high school PE lessons involve low levels of PA. Students engaged in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) only in about one-third (29.7 minutes) of the official PE scheduled time (90 minutes) and perceived exertion as light. In general, students seemed to be positively motivated toward PE and mainly task goal orientated. Boys felt more enjoyment/interest and perceived their competence in more positive ways than girls. The number of steps and the rate of perceived exertion were associated with levels of PA measured by heart rate telemetry. Intrinsic motivation and goal orientation were not related with MVPA.

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Pritchett, Robert C., Andrew T. Del Pozzi, Charlie P. Katica, and Kelly L. Pritchett. "Field Test Validation Of The Borg 15-point Categorical Scale For Rating Of Perceived Exertion." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, Suppl 1 (May 2011): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000402932.45003.f7.

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Cabral, Luana L., Fábio Y. Nakamura, Joice M. F. Stefanello, Luiz C. V. Pessoa, Bruno P. C. Smirmaul, and Gleber Pereira. "Initial Validity and Reliability of the Portuguese Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion 6-20 Scale." Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science 24, no. 2 (January 6, 2020): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1091367x.2019.1710709.

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Fessi, Mohamed Saifeddin, and Wassim Moalla. "Postmatch Perceived Exertion, Feeling, and Wellness in Professional Soccer Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 13, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0725.

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Purpose: To assess postmatch perceived exertion, feeling, and wellness according to the match outcome (winning, drawing, or losing) in professional soccer players. Methods: In total, 12 outfield players were followed during 52 official matches where the outcomes (win, draw, or lose) were noted. Following each match, players completed both a 10-point Borg scale modified by Foster and an 11-point Hardy and Rejeski scale rating of perceived feeling. Rating of perceived sleep quality, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness was collected separately on a 7-point scale the day following each match. Results: Player rating of perceived exertion was higher by a very large magnitude following a loss compared with a draw or a win and higher by a small magnitude after a draw compared with a win. Players felt more pleasure after a win compared with a draw or loss and more displeasure after a loss compared with draw. The players reported a largely and moderately better perceived sleep quality, less stress, and fatigue following a win compared with a draw or a loss and a moderately bad perceived sleep quality, higher stress, and fatigue following a draw compared with a loss. In contrast, only a trivial-small change was observed in perceived muscle soreness between all outcomes. Conclusion: Match outcomes moderately to largely affect rating of perceived exertion, feeling, sleep quality, stress, and fatigue, whereas perceived muscle soreness remains high regardless of the match outcome. However, winning a match decreases the strain and improves both pleasure and wellness in professional soccer players.

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Yeung, Simon S., Ella W. Yeung, Rachel FM Chan, CY Chow, Glory PS Lee, LK To, and Xeni YS Tsang. "Evaluation of Training Induced Neuromuscular Fatigue of Orchestral Violin Players." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 30 (July 2000): 5–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004403073.

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This study aimed to investigate the muscle fatigue and self-perceived exertion level on violin players before and after a training session. Fourteen professional violin players volunteered in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to record the fatigue level of the upper trapezius muscles before and after a training session. Medium Frequency (MF) of the EMG signals was used to document the fatigue rate of this muscle. Regression analysis and paired sample t-tests revealed no significant difference in the slopes of MF on both sides of trapezius muscle, before and after the training sessions. However, the Borg Scale ratings of perceived exertion revealed significant increase in fatigue level (p=0.003) after the training session. The disparity in the subjective perception with the objective findings indicated that the violists' self-perceived exertion arises from multiple sources. The high prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal complaints (79%) in this group of players warrants further ergonomic investigation of possible work-related risk factors.

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Pincivero, Danny M., and Staci M. Thomas. "The Effects of Knee Joint Angle and Contractor Intensity on Perceived Exertion." Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 1123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518797859.

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This study examined knee joint angle and knee muscle contraction intensity effects on perceived exertion during isometric contractions. Fourteen healthy young adults participated in five experimental exercise sessions in which knee angles varied randomly (10°, 30°, 50°, 70°, and 90°), each separated by one week. During each session, subjects performed five isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) of knee extension, followed by nine, randomly ordered submaximal contractions (10%–90% MVC, 10% increments). The participants repeated the identical procedure for the knee flexor muscles. Immediately following each submaximal contraction, participants rated their perceived exertion using a modified Borg category-ratio scale. We found that the participants’ overall ratings of perceived exertion were significantly ( p < .05) greater at the 90° than at the 70° and 10° positions during the knee extensor contractions. There were also several significant angle by contraction intensity interactions in that perceived exertion was significantly greater across 60% to 70% MVC at 30° than at 50° ( p < .01), while the opposite pattern was observed across 70% to 80% MVC ( p < .01). During knee flexor contractions, perceived exertion was significantly greater ( p < .05) at 90°, when compared with all other knee angles. There were also significant ( p < .05) angle by contraction intensity interactions between the 50° and 70° knee positions across contraction intensities of 30–40%, 40–50%, 50–60%, and 60–70% MVC. We conclude that the higher perceived exertion rating at 90° during knee extension and flexion contractions suggests different peripheral and central contributors between both muscle groups, due to differences in muscle length.

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Dunbar, Christopher C., and Diego A. Bursztyn. "The Slope Method for Prescribing Exercise with Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE)." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 1 (August 1996): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.1.91.

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The Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion scale (RPE) has been shown to be a valuable tool for prescribing exercise; however, use of RPE-based exercise prescriptions in field settings has often been problematic because RPE data derived from maximal exercise testing are needed. We describe a simple method for obtaining target RPEs for exercise training from submaximal exercise data. Target RPEs for 50%, 60%, 70%, and 85% VO2peak exercise intensities obtained using the new method did not differ significantly from those obtained using data from a maximal graded exercise test. The mean difference was less than one RPE unit and was not significant (p<.05). Therefore, the Slope Method appears to be valid for developing RPE-based exercise prescriptions.

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Carregaro, Rodrigo Luiz, Aline Martins de Toledo, Gustavo Christofoletti, Ana Beatriz de Oliveira, Jefferson Rosa Cardoso, and Rosimeire Simprini Padula. "Association between work engagement and perceived exertion among healthcare workers." Fisioterapia em Movimento 26, no. 3 (September 2013): 579–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-51502013000300011.

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INTRODUCTION: Complaints and musculoskeletal discomforts are common manifestations of individuals affected by work-related disorders (WRMD), and the influence of individual and/or psychosocial risk factors may play a significant role in WRMD development. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and to compare work engagement (WE) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and to assess the association between indexes of WE and RPE among healthcare workers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventeen female subjects (36 ± 11 years, 1.58 ± 0.06 m and 59 ± 9 kg) participated, all officially employed on a nonprofit agency. The Nordic Questionnaire was used to evaluate musculoskeletal complaints and the Borg Scale used to evaluate the RPE. The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale quantified WE (vigor, dedication and absorption domains). Participants were divided into two groups, according to their sectors: healthcare clinics and institution for the elderly. The independent student t test was used to verify differences between groups and the chi-square test to verify associations between variables. RESULTS: All subjects reported musculoskeletal complaints, mainly in the low back (58%). RPE did not differ between groups, while in the vigor, it was found a significant statistically difference (p = 0.035). An association between RPE and vigor and RPE and dedication was establish (p = 0.02 and p = 0.036, respectively). CONCLUSION: The association between WE and RPE suggests that workers with lower indexes of vigor and dedication may perceive greater physical demand, which can be imposed by work demands.

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Muyor, José M. "Exercise Intensity and Validity of the Ratings of Perceived Exertion (Borg and OMNI Scales) in an Indoor Cycling Session." Journal of Human Kinetics 39, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0072.

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Abstract The purpose of the study was: 1) to determine the intensity of an indoor cycling session; 2) to know the correlation between the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scales (Borg and OMNI) and % heart rate reserve (%HRR) with categories; and 3) to evaluate the validity of RPE scales (Borg and OMNI) with respect to the heart rate (HR) and %HRR. A total of fifty-three subjects, 25 males and 28 females (ages: 28.79 ± 6.04 years; body height: 1.71 ± 0.09 m; body mass: 69.59 ± 13.69 kg) were recruited from a private fitness club. All subjects performed the same predesigned indoor cycling session with a total duration of 50 minutes. During the experimental trial, the HR was recorded every 5 s. The Borg 6-20 RPE and OMNI 0-10 scales were used to assess perceived exertion in each phase. The average HR in the cardiovascular phase was 152.24 ± 14.11 b•min-1, the %HRR was 80.62 ± 7.10; and the overall RPE (Borg and OMNI scales) was 14.94 ± 1.11 and 7.18 ± 0.79 points, respectively. The correlation between an average HR and %HRR with Borg and OMNI scales was lower than r = 0.4 (p < 0.05). The correlation value between the Borg and the OMNI RPE scales was r = 0.82 (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that indoor cycling elicits effort of high intensity which could be inappropriate for some participants. The Borg and OMNI scales showed a low validity to quantify the intensity performed in indoor cycling sessions. It indicates the necessity to control the intensity of effort with other instruments to improve efficacy and decrease the risk of overload in this activity.

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Dias, Marcelo Ricardo Cabral, Roberto Simão, Geraldo Heleno Ribeiro Machado, Hélio Furtado, Nelson Fortuna Sousa, Helder Miguel Fernandes, and Francisco José Félix Saavedra. "Relationship of Different Perceived Exertion Scales in Walking or Running with Self-Selected and Imposed Intensity." Journal of Human Kinetics 43, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2014-0100.

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Abstract The aims of this study were to: (1) compare the Heart Rate (HR) and Rating Perceived Exertion (RPE) in training with self-selected and imposed loads, and (2) associate the OMNI-Walk/Run and Borg scales with self-selected and imposed loads, both on a treadmill. Ten trained men (20.3 ± 2.0 years, 75.6 ± 9.8 kg, 175.1 ± 5.1 cm) participated in a training program with self-selected load (time and speed individually preferred) and another with imposed load (even self-selected time and speed 10% higher). The HR and RPE were measured, every minute of training, by the OMNIWalk/ Run and Borg scales. No significant differences were found in the HR and RPE between training sessions. The correlation between the OMNI-Walk/Run and Borg scales showed a moderate association (r = 0.55) in training with self-selected load and a strong association in imposed load (r = 0.79). In this study, self-selected load induced a suboptimal stimulus to elicit favorable organic adaptations. Moreover, high correlation of OMNI Walk/Run and Borg scales with the imposed load showed that the greater the load of training the best were answers of RPE.

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OLIVEIRA, Josélia Jucirema Jarschel de, Alexandre Coutinho Teixeira de FREITAS, and Andréa Adriana de ALMEIDA. "POSTOPERATIVE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL THERAPY RELATED TO FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO BARIATRIC SURGERY." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 29, suppl 1 (2016): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-6720201600s10012.

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ABSTRACT Background: Respiratory physiotherapy plays an important role preventing complications in bariatric surgery. Aim: To assess the effects of out-patient physiotherapy during post-operative period through respiratory pressures and functional capacity in individuals submitted to bariatric surgery. Method: A prospective longitudinal and controlled study was done in adults with body mass index (BMI) equal or greater than 40 kg/m², who have been submitted to bariatric surgery. They were divided into two groups: intervention-group, who performed out-patient physiotherapy twice a week, from thirty to sixty days after surgery; and the control-group, who only followed home instructions. Both groups were evaluated before surgery and sixty days after surgery through manovacuometry, six-minute walk test and the Borg Scale of perceived exertion. Results: Twenty participants were included the intervention-group and twenty-three in the control-group. Both groups had significant and similar weight loss after surgery. The manovacuometry presented no differences comparing pre- and post-surgery and in the comparison between the groups. The result of the six-minute walk test for the intervention-group increased by 10.1% in the post-operative period in relation to pre-. The Borg scale of perceived exertion in the intervention-group in pre-surgery decreased by 13.5% in the post-surgery compared to pre-surgery. In the control-group there was no difference comparing pre- and post-operative values, as in the comparison with the intervention-group. Conclusion: The low-intensity exercise program, carried out between the 30th and the 60th day after bariatric surgery provided better functional capacity; did not change respiratory muscle strength; and improved the perceived exertion rate.

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Goss, Fredric, Robert Robertson, Steve Riechman, Robert Zoeller, Ibrahim Dabayebeh, Niall Moyna, Nicholas Boer, Jennifer Peoples, and Kenneth Metz. "Effect of Potassium Phosphate Supplementation on Perceptual and Physiological Responses to Maximal Graded Exercise." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.11.1.53.

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This investigation evaluated the effect of oral potassium phosphate supplementation on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and physiological responses during maximal graded exercise tests (GXT). Eight highly trained endurance runners completed a GXT to anchor the Borg 15-point RPE scale and two double-blind counterbalanced GXTs. Subjects ingested either 4,000 mg · day−1 of phosphate (PHOS) or a placebo (PLA) for 2 days. Two weeks separated GXTs. Phosphate levels obtained immediately prior to the GXTs were greater in PHOS than PLA. No differences between PHOS and PLA were noted for the submaximal and maximal physiological responses. RPE for the overall body were lower during PHOS than PLA at intensities corresponding to 70–80% of V̇O2max. This suggests that oral potassium phosphate supplementation mediates perceived exertion during moderately intense exercise.

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Williams, John G., Roger G. Eston, and Clare Stretch. "Use of the Rating of Perceived Exertion to Control Exercise Intensity in Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 3, no. 1 (February 1991): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.3.1.21.

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This study examined the ability of 40 children (20 boys and 20 girls), ages 11 to 14 years, to regulate the intensity of their effort using perceived effort ratings during cycling. The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion 6 to 20 Scale was learned and used as a perceptual frame of reference. Maximal oxygen uptake and power output were predicted from telemetered heart rate data collected during a submaximal graded exercise test. Subjects were then fully familiarized with the RPE scale and attended three consecutive sessions of cycling during which they adjusted the workloads themselves so as to produce effort intensities for scale ratings of 9 (very light), 13 (somewhat hard), and 17 (very hard). Heart rates were sampled during the final half minute of each session and the data were submitted to a mixed factorial analysis of variance. This showed highly significant differences (p<.001) between the three RPE levels but no significant effects for age, gender, or trials. It was concluded that the RPE is readily learned by older children and adolescents and is a potentially useful frame of reference when self-regulating effort intensity during vigorous exercise.

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Tirloni, Adriana Seára, Diogo Cunha dos Reis, Salvador Francisco Tirloni, and Antônio Renato Pereira Moro. "Exertion Perception When Performing Cutting Tasks in Poultry Slaughterhouses: Risk Assessment of Developing Musculoskeletal Disorders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 19, 2020): 9534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249534.

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Brazil is the leader in poultry meat exports, in which most products are in the form of cuts. This study analyzed the exertion perception of poultry slaughterhouses workers when performing cutting tasks, as well as the influence of knife sharpness on the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders by Occupational Repetitive Action (OCRA) method. Participants (n = 101) from three slaughterhouses were asked to rate their perceived exertion on the Borg scale during the cutting task when the knife was well and poorly sharpened. The OCRA results showed that the score for cutting with a dull knife was greater (43.57 ± 13.51) than with a sharp knife (23.79 ± 3.10) (p < 0.001). Consequently, there was a significant increase in the risk level of acquiring upper-limb work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UL-WMSD) by using a “poorly sharpened” knife (29%; p < 0.001; Borg scale 2–8). Thus, maintaining well-sharpened knives for optimal performance of the cutting task (fewer technical actions) is suggested, as well as including knife sharpening in the standard operating procedure to reduce musculoskeletal disorders.

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González Fernández, Álvaro, Jose Enrique de la Rubia Ortí, Lorena Franco-Martinez, Jose Joaquín Ceron, Gonzalo Mariscal, and Carlos Barrios. "Changes in Salivary Levels of Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Aspartate Aminotransferase after Playing Rugby Sevens: The Influence of Gender." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 8165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218165.

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Rugby sevens is characterised by continuous exertion and great physical contact per unit of time, leading to muscle damage. It is important to identify markers that can quantify muscle damage in order to improve recovery strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the release dynamics of muscle damage markers creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in saliva samples when playing rugby sevens, analysing the influence of gender, during the rugby sevens university championship of Spain. The total sample included 27 athletes, divided into two teams of 14 men and 13 women between 18 and 31 years of age. CK, LDH, and AST were quantified from salivary samples collected from each athlete before and after three rugby sevens matches. The modified Borg scale of perceived exertion was also used after each match. When the results were analysed globally, there were no differences in CK and LDH before and after any match, but AST did show differences after two days of completing all matches. In terms of gender, the three enzymes showed different responses in men and women. Regarding the Borg scale, there were only significant differences between men and women after completing all mataches, with a greater perceived exertion in women. Based on our results, it can be stated that that serial matches of rugby sevens can cause changes of different magnitude in AST, CK and LDH activities in saliva, with AST showing the most significant variations and these changes are more pronounced in men than in women.

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van Leer, Eva, and Miriam van Mersbergen. "Using the Borg CR10 Physical Exertion Scale to Measure Patient-perceived Vocal Effort Pre and Post Treatment." Journal of Voice 31, no. 3 (May 2017): 389.e19–389.e25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2016.09.023.

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Chen, Michael J., Xitao Fan, and Sondra T. Moe. "Criterion-related validity of the Borg ratings of perceived exertion scale in healthy individuals: a meta-analysis." Journal of Sports Sciences 20, no. 11 (January 2002): 873–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026404102320761787.

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Compagnat, Maxence, Jean Yves Salle, Stephane Mandigout, Justine Lacroix, Nicolas Vuillerme, and Jean Christophe Daviet. "Rating of perceived exertion with Borg scale in stroke over two common activities of the daily living." Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation 25, no. 2 (November 5, 2017): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10749357.2017.1399229.

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da Silva, Jhonny K. F., Bruna B. Sotomaior, Carolina F. Carneiro, Patrick Rodrigues, Lee Wharton, and Raul Osiecki. "Predicting Lactate Threshold With Rate of Perceived Exertion in Young Competitive Male Swimmers." Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, no. 4 (April 4, 2021): 1530–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211005227.

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The purpose of this study was to verify the effectiveness of the rate of perceived exertion threshold (RPET) for predicting young competitive swimmers’ lactate threshold (LT) during incremental testing. We enrolled 13 male athletes ( M age = 16, SD = 0.6 years) in an incremental test protocol consisting of eight repetitions of a 100-meter crawl with 2-minute intervals between each repetition. We collected data for blood lactate concentration ([La]) and Borg scale rate of perceived exertion (RPE) at the end of each repetition. The results obtained were: M RPET = 4.98, SD = 1.12 arbitrary units (A.U.) and M lactate threshold = 4.24, SD = 1.12 mmol.L−1, with [La] and RPE identified by the maximal deviation (Dmax) method without a significant difference ( p > 0.05) and large correlations between DmaxLa and DmaxRPE at variables for time (r = 0.64), velocity (r = 0.67) and percentage of personal best time (PB) (r = 0.60). These results suggest that RPET is a good predictor of LT in young competitive swimmers.

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Thompson, Dixie L., and Keith A. West. "Ratings of Perceived Exertion to Determine Intensity During Outdoor Running." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 23, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h98-003.

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A paucity of data exists related to the usefulness of Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) to set exercise intensity in non-laboratory settings. The purpose of this study was to determine if RPE could be used on an outdoor track to generate blood lactate and heart rate (HR) responses similar to those obtained on a treadmill (tm) run. Nine experienced runners (6 males, 3 females; [Formula: see text]) completed a horizontal, incremental tm test. HR, RPE, and lactate were measured for each stage. Subsequently, subjects ran for 30 min on an outdoor track at the RPE corresponding with 2.5 mM lactate during the tm run. Repeated measures ANOVA compared lactate and HR values at 2.5 mM lactate on the tm run and values obtained during the track run. Lactate during the track run was significantly higher (p < .05) than 2.5 mM throughout the 30 min (6.9 ± 2.9, 63 ± 2.9, and 5.8 ± 3.0 mM at 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively). HR at 2.5 mM lactate during the tm run (173 ± 6.1 bpm) was significantly lower (p < .05) than at min 10 and 20 of the track run (182.6 ± 9.3 and 182.9 ± 8.0 bpm, respectively) but not different from min 30 (181.3 ± 10.6 bpm). In summary, it is difficult to generate specific physiological responses using RPE. Key words: RPE, Borg Scale, exercise, lactate, training

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Kanegusuku, Hélcio, Marilia de Almeida Correia, Paulo Longano, Erika Okamoto, Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte, Gabriel Grizzo Cucato, and Raphael Mendes Ritti-Dias. "Cardiovascular, perceived exertion and affective responses during aerobic exercise performed with imposed and a self-selected intensity in patients with Parkinson’s disease." NeuroRehabilitation 48, no. 3 (April 30, 2021): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-201569.

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BACKGROUND: Exercise with self-selected intensity (SSI) has emerged as a new strategy for exercise prescription aiming to increase exercise adherence in Parkinson’s disease (PD). OBJECTIVE: We compared the cardiovascular, perceived exertion and affective responses during traditional aerobic exercise and with SSI in PD. METHODS: Twenty patients with PD performed two aerobic exercise sessions in random order with an interval of at least 72 h between them: Traditional session (cycle ergometer, 25 min, 50 rpm) with imposed intensity (II) (60–80% maximum heart rate [HR]) and SSI: (cycle ergometer, 25 min, 50 rpm) with SSI. The HR (Polar V800 monitor), systolic blood pressure (auscultatory method), rating of perceived exertion (Borg scale 6–20) and affective responses (feeling scale) were assessed during the exercise at 8th and 18th minute. The Generalized Estimating Equation Model was used for comparison between both sessions (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The exercise intensity was not significantly different between both exercise sessions (8th minute: II –76.3±1.0 vs. SSI –76.5±1.3 % of maximal HR; 18th minute: II –78.9±0.9 vs. SSI –79.1±1.3 % of maximal HR, p = 0.93). Blood pressure, perceived exertion and affective responses were also not significantly different between both sessions (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular and psychophysiological responses were not different during aerobic exercise performed with II and with SSI in patients with PD.

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Pianosi, P. T., M. Huebner, Z. Zhang, and P. McGrath. "Comparison of Borg & Dalhousie pictorial scales measuring perceived exertion during exercise in children." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 13 (June 2012): S70—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1526-0542(12)70117-3.

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Kwaśna, Anna, Stefan Szczepan, Aleksandra Spirydowicz, and Krystyna Zatoń. "Physical Activity in the Water Accompanied by Music." Polish Hyperbaric Research 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phr-2016-0026.

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Abstract Introduction: Music motivates, relaxes and stimulates action and is one factor which enhances the pleasure that people feel from a given movement. Thus, from a psychophysical point of view, listening to music is an important aspect in sport and recreation. With this in mind, the aim of the study was to determine any changes in the participants’ psychophysical sphere which resulted from listening to music while swimming. The psychophysical sphere was expressed in relation to the Borg RPE scale (Rating of Perceived Exertion) as well as the Rejeski and Gauvin Exercise-Induced Feeling Inventory (EFI) scale of emotional states. Material and methods: The participants in the study were not professional swimmers (n = 10). The experiment consisted of two trials in which participants performed the Swimming Cooper test. During the first trial there was no music transmitted while in the second trial specifically selected music was played as the participants swam. Results: An ANOVA variance analysis (α = 0.05) showed statistically significant differences in the RPE scale (p = 0.04) and across all sensations on the EFI scale (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Listening to music while swimming has a significant impact on the human psychophysical sphere and is expressed by a perceived exertion scale and the scale of emotional states. Respondents paid less attention to the discomfort of physical exertion associated with exercise while listening to music. The rating of their emotional states, including positive engagement, revitalization and tranquility considerably increased though the physical exhaustion measures were significantly lower.

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Compagnat, Maxence, Jean Christophe Daviet, Stéphane Mandigout, Justine Lacroix, Nicolas Vuillerme, and Jean Yves Salle. "Reliability of the rating of perceived exertion (Borg Scale) in post-stroke during 2 tasks of daily life." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 60 (September 2017): e1-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2017.07.017.

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Surve, Deepika, and Poonam Patil. "Effect of Physiohterapy on Fatigue and Psychological Stress in Cancer Patients During the Course of Chemotherapy." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 12, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1644.

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To study the Effect of Physiotherapy on Fatigue Psychological Stress in Cancer Patients during the Course of Chemotherapy. Subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. Prior consent was taken and assessment of their fatigue, stress level and pain was done using the brief fatigue inventory, Cohen perceived stress scale and brief pain inventory. Based upon the findings, a tailor made protocol was given to the patients, wherein 3 sets of each exercises 5times a week for a month’s duration had to be followed. The exercises were altered as per the patients’ requirements and capability. Each session conducted was of 35-45min duration which began with Warm-up Exercises including Stretching for 10min, followed by 6 Minute Walk for 6minutes, Harvard Step for 3 minutes and the session was concluded with a Relaxation period of 20minutes. For relief of pain, TENS was given during the Relaxation period. After the 6minute walk, patient’s exertion was checked by the Borg Scale. The exercises were prescribed according to FITTs principle. Statistical analysis was done using unpaired t test. In this study, pre-intervention Brief Pain Inventory was 71.90±12.33 and post-intervention was 61.03±11.47. In Brief Pain Inventory statistically extremely significant difference and decrease in pain post intervention with (p< 0.0001) with t= 7.028. Pre-intervention Brief Fatigue Inventory was 53.83±11.03 and post-intervention was 41.78±13. In Brief Fatigue Inventory statistically extremely significant difference and decrease in fatigue post intervention with (p=<0.0001) with t=9.57. Stress assessment by Cohen Perceived Stress Scale was 21.71±2.27pre treatment and 19.86±2.23 post treatment. In Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, statistically extremely significant difference and decrease in stress level after treatment with (p=<0.0007) with t=4.998. Pre-treatment Rate of perceived exertion was 12.49±3.23 and post treatment was 10.34±2.94.In Rate of Perceived Exertion statistically significant difference and decrease in exertion level post treatment with (p=<0.0007) with t=8.945. Thus the above concludes that physiotherapy had significant improvement clinically and statistically on fatigue and stress in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. So this study accepts the alternate hypothesis.

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Saha, P., B. Basu, and D. Devashish Sen. "Ergonomic evaluation of physiological stress of building construction workers associated with manual material handling tasks." Progress in Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (July 14, 2017): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2411.

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Purpose: In India, the cost of manpower is very low; hence Manual Material Handling (MMH) is the cheapest solution. This study aimed to quantify the cardiac strain and postural stress of male building construction workers associated with MMH tasks. Materials and methods: Mean (SD) age (years) and job experience (years) of the workers were 31.0(4.65) and 8.8 (3.23), respectively (n=35). Working peak heart rate was recorded by polar heart rate monitor, posture analysis was done by the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, body part discomfort was assessed by the Nordic questionnaire, and perceived exertion was evaluated by the Borg scale. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test was performed between peak heart rate of workers associated with MMH tasks and upper extremity intensive tasks (n=31). Results: Results revealed that mean peak heart rate of the workers was significantly different (higher) compared with that of the upper extremity intensive workers (p<0.05). This study showed that most of the working postures were hazardous. The magnitude of risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) was much higher as per REBA compared with OWAS. Most of the workers suffered from pain in the head, neck, shoulder, lower back, and arm region. As per the Borg scale, the rate of perceived exertion was ‘hard and heavy’ among most of the workers (68.57%). Conclusions: Postural stress and cardiac strain beyond the safe limit indicates the heavy nature of the job. Load limit optimization, ergonomic lifting technique, and rescheduled work-rest cycle are essential to reducing physiological and perceived work load.

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Saha, P., B. Basu, and D. Devashish Sen. "Ergonomic evaluation of physiological stress of building construction workers associated with manual material handling tasks." Progress in Health Sciences 7, no. 1 (March 3, 2017): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2413.

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Purpose: In India, the cost of manpower is very low; hence Manual Material Handling (MMH) is the cheapest solution. This study aimed to quantify the cardiac strain and postural stress of male building construction workers associated with MMH tasks. Materials and methods: Mean (SD) age (years) and job experience (years) of the workers were 31.0(4.65) and 8.8 (3.23), respectively (n=35). Working peak heart rate was recorded by polar heart rate monitor, posture analysis was done by the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS) and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, body part discomfort was assessed by the Nordic questionnaire, and perceived exertion was evaluated by the Borg scale. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test was performed between peak heart rate of workers associated with MMH tasks and upper extremity intensive tasks (n=31). Results: Results revealed that mean peak heart rate of the workers was significantly different (higher) compared with that of the upper extremity intensive workers (p<0.05). This study showed that most of the working postures were hazardous. The magnitude of risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) was much higher as per REBA compared with OWAS. Most of the workers suffered from pain in the head, neck, shoulder, lower back, and arm region. As per the Borg scale, the rate of perceived exertion was ‘hard and heavy’ among most of the workers (68.57%). Conclusions: Postural stress and cardiac strain beyond the safe limit indicates the heavy nature of the job. Load limit optimization, ergonomic lifting technique, and rescheduled work-rest cycle are essential to reducing physiological and perceived work load.

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Gearhart, Randall F., M. Daniel Becque, Chad M. Palm, and Matthew D. Hutchins. "Rating Perceived Exertion during Short Duration, Very High Intensity Cycle Exercise." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 3 (June 2005): 767–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.3.767-773.

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This study compared undifferentiated ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during short duration, very high intensity cycle exercise using high and low resistance. 30 recreationally trained males (24.2 ± 2.4 yr.) were memory-anchored to the Borg 15-category scale. The high and low resistance exercises were defined by 30-sec. maximum tests assigned in counterbalanced order, with resistances set before testing during an orientation session. High resistance was 10% of body mass. Low resistance resulted in the same total work as the high resistance over the 30-sec. sessions (± 5%) but increased pedal rate. RPE was taken at 8, 13, 18, 23, and 28 sec. during the high and the low resistance exercises. Measurements were compared using a 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. RPE was significantly greater ( p = .005) for the high than the low resistance exercise at each interval. RPE increased when the subjects were required to pedal against a greater resistance and produce the highest forces. These RPE data are consistent with data from both aerobic cycle and resistance exercise. The data suggest that instantaneous force production, not summed work, is a primary determinant of RPE. All of these observations support Cafarelli's theoretical model of effort sense. In conclusion, as an individual generates more force during high resistance exercise than in light resistance exercise, a potential explanation of our results is that the increased motor outflow and corollary sensory signal lead to a greater sense of effort.

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Murillo Lorente, Victor, Javier Álvarez Medina, and Pedro Manomelles Marqueta. "Control of training loads through perceived exertion. Prediction of heart rate (Control de las cargas de entrenamiento a través de la percepción subjetiva. Predicción de la frecuencia cardíaca)." Retos, no. 30 (April 28, 2016): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i30.38639.

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Objective: To use the perceived exertion to control training loads and to predict indirectly the heart rate without the need for monitoring the player. Methods: Nine futsal Spanish players were included in the study. All were monitored for a minimum of 25 sessions during the season. Subjective perception of exertion was assessed daily using Borg's RPE scale. Results: The mean heart rate was 138 beats per minute (bpm), with a minimum value of 75.2% of the maximum heart rate, which is equivalent to 15 ("hard") on the RPE scale and to a mean value of perceived exertion of 15.06±2.01. Individual values indicate that there are players whose perceived exertion is above, below or consistent with their heart rate. The results obtained differentiate four training session groups according to the players' heart rate values and perceived exertion. We used these results to develop a formula for predicting heart rate without monitoring the player. Conclusion: Player's perceived exertion is not always consistent with their cardiovascular response. This demonstrates that training loads are not only perceived from the physiological perspective, but also from a psychological point of view. Resumen. Objetivo: Usar el esfuerzo percibido para controlar las cargas de entrenamiento y para predecir de forma indirecta el ritmo cardíaco sin la necesidad de supervisar el jugador. Métodos: Nueve jugadores españoles de fútbol sala fueron incluidos en el estudio. Todos fueron monitoreados durante un mínimo de 25 sesiones durante la temporada. La percepción subjetiva de esfuerzo fue evaluada diariamente utilizando la escala RPE de Borg. Resultados: La frecuencia cardíaca media fue de 138 latidos por minuto (lpm), con un valor mínimo de 75,2% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima, lo que equivale a 15 ("duro") en la escala RPE y para un valor medio de esfuerzo percibido de 15,06 ± 2,01. Los valores individuales indican que hay jugadores que percibe el esfuerzo está por encima, por debajo o en consonancia con su ritmo cardíaco. Los resultados obtenidos se diferencian cuatro tipos de sesión de entrenamiento de acuerdo a los valores de la frecuencia cardíaca de los jugadores y el esfuerzo percibido. Utilizamos estos resultados para desarrollar una fórmula para predecir la frecuencia cardiaca sin la supervisión del jugador. Conclusión: El esfuerzo percibido del jugador no siempre es coherente con su respuesta cardiovascular. Esto demuestra que las cargas de entrenamiento no sólo se perciben desde la perspectiva fisiológica, sino también desde un punto de vista psicológico.

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Caldirola, Daniela, Caterina Namia, Wilma Micieli, Claudia Carminati, Laura Bellodi, and Giampaolo Perna. "Cardiorespiratory response to physical exercise and psychological variables in panic disorder." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 33, no. 4 (December 2011): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462011000400013.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible influence of psychological variables on cardiorespiratory responses and perceived exertion of patients with Panic Disorder (PD) during a submaximal exercise test. METHOD: Ten outpatients with PD and 10 matched healthy subjects walked up on a treadmill slope at a speed of 4 km/h in order to reach 65% of their maximum heart rate. Cardiorespiratory variables were continuously recorded. Before the exercise, the state and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores), fear of physical sensations (Body Sensation Questionnaire scores), and fear of autonomic arousal (Anxiety Sensitivity Index scores) were assessed; during the exercise, levels of anxiety (VAS-A) and exertion (Borg Scale CR 10) were measured. RESULTS: Compared to controls, patients reached earlier the target HR and the ventilatory threshold, showed lower oxygen consumption, higher HR and lower within-subject standard deviations of HR (a measure of cardiac variability). Exertion was also higher, and there was a significant correlation between breathing frequency, tidal volume and HR. No significant associations were found between cardiorespiratory response, perceived exertion, and psychological variables in patients with PD. CONCLUSION: Although patients with PD presented poor cardiorespiratory fitness and were required to spend more effort during physical exercise, this did not appear to be related to the psychological variables considered. Further studies with larger groups are warranted.

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Hadouiri, Nawale, Elisabeth Monnet, Arnaud Gouelle, Pierre Decavel, and Yoshimasa Sagawa. "Evaluation of Prolonged Walking in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: Reliability of the Spatio-Temporal Walking Variables during the 6-Minute Walk Test." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 3075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093075.

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Background: Walking disorders represent the most disabling condition in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). Several studies showed good reliability of the 6-min walk test (6MWT) (i.e., especially distance traveled), but little is known about the reliability of the Spatio-temporal (ST) variables in the 6MWT. Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability of ST variables and perceived exertion during the 6MWT in PwMS and comparable healthy persons. Methods: We explored three 1-min intervals (initial: 0′–1′, middle: 2′30″–3′30″, end: 5′–6′) of the 6MWT. Six ST variables and perceived exertion were measured (respectively, using the GAITRite system and the Borg Scale). These measurements were performed twice, 1 week apart. The test-retest effects were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) or the weighted kappa. Results: Forty-five PwMS and 24 healthy persons were included. The test-retest reliability of ST variables values was good-to-excellent for PwMS (ICC range: 0.858–0.919) and moderate-to-excellent for healthy persons (ICC range: 0.569–0.946). The test-retest reliability values of perceived exertion were fair for PwMS (weighted kappa range: 0.279–0.376) and substantial for healthy persons (weighted kappa range: 0.734–0.788). Conclusion: The measurement of ST variables during these 6MWT intervals is reliable and applicable in clinical practice and research to adapt rehabilitation care in PwMS.

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Kingston, David C., Sarah Ferwerda, Curtis Fontaine, Marhanda Keeping, Jeffrey Stewart, Rachel Ward, Jenelle Zapski, Kassondra Collins, Samuel K. Essien, and Audrey R. Zucker-Levin. "Implications of Walking Aid Selection for Nonweightbearing Ambulation on Stance Limb Plantar Force, Walking Speed, Perceived Exertion, and Device Preference in Healthy Adults 50 Years of Age and Older." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 247301142199893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421998939.

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Background: Young adults often tolerate the increased energy expenditure, coordination, and stance limb discomfort associated with walking aids for nonweightbearing ambulation. Adults aged ≥50 years may not have the same tolerance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how walking aid selection affects stance limb plantar force, walking speed, perceived exertion, and device preference in adults aged ≥50 years. Methods: A prospective randomized crossover study was performed using healthy adults, aged ≥50 years, with no use of walking aids within 5 years. Participants walked 200 m in 4 randomized conditions: single nonweightbearing ambulation using crutches, a walker, a wheeled knee walker, and unaided walking. An in-shoe sensor measured stance limb plantar force, a stopwatch timed each walk, perceived exertion was reported using the BORG CR-10 scale, and device preference was identified. Results: Twenty-one participants (7 male; age: 56 ± 5 years; BMI: 26.6 ±1.9) showed stance limb plantar force was lowest when using a wheeled knee walker ( P < .001). Walking speed was similar in unaided and wheeled knee walker conditions (1.41 and 1.31 m/s), but slower with crutches or a walker (42%-68%, P < .001). Perceived exertion was similar in unaided and wheeled knee walker conditions (1.6 and 2.8), but higher with crutches or a walker (5.7 and 6.1, P < .001). Most (20/21) participants preferred the wheeled knee walker. Conclusions: Using a wheeled knee walker for nonweightbearing ambulation reduced stance limb plantar force, maintained unaided walking speed and perceived exertion, and was preferred to crutches or a walker. Level of Evidence: Level II, comparative study.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Borg perceived exertion scale'

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