Relevant bibliographies by topics / Borg scale

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Academic literature on the topic 'Borg scale'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Borg scale"

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Wilson, Rachel C., and P. W. Jones. "A comparison of the visual analogue scale and modified Borg scale for the measurement of dyspnoea during exercise." Clinical Science 76, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0760277.

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1. The intensity of breathlessness during exercise was measured in ten normal subjects using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a Borg scale to compare the use of the scales and their repeatability, both within the duration of a period of exercise and between tests. For each scale, subjects performed two exercise tests separated by a period of 2–6 weeks. Each exercise test consisted of two cycles of progressively increasing and decreasing workload. 2. All subjects felt confidently able to use both scales to quantify their feelings of breathlessness exclusively of other sensation. Equal preference was expressed for use of a particular scale. 3. With both scales there was a large intersubject variation in the relationship between dyspnoea score and minute ventilation (VE) (P < 0.01), and in the range of the scale used. 4. There was a good correlation between the VAS and Borg scores at each level of VE (r2 = 0.71), but the VAS score was used over a wider range than the Borg score. 5. The relationship between VE and the dyspnoea score measured by the two techniques was predominantly linear. The mean r2 for VAS score/VE was 0.68 (sd 0.19) and for Borg score/VE the mean r2 was 0.75 (sd 0.13). 6. The relationships VAS score/VE and Borg score/VE were unaffected by the direction in which the workload was varied (P > 0.05). 7. VE, measured at each work rate, did not differ between the two cycles (P > 0.05) or between the 2 days (P > 0.05). 8. With both scales, the slope of the VE-breathlessness relationship was slightly higher during the second half of the exercise compared with the first (0.05 < P > 0.01). 9. The scores with both scales were lower in the second test compared with the first (P < 0.01): Borg 16% lower, VAS 27% lower. 10. Measurements of dyspnoea made with the Borg scale appeared to have greater stability than VAS measurements and to correlate with VE a little better.
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Küpper, Thomas, N. Heussen, Audry Morrison, Volker Schöffl, Buddha Basnyat, David Hillebrandt, Jim Milledge, Jürgen Steffgen, and Beate Meier. "The Borg Scale at high altitude." Health Promotion & Physical Activity 15, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9500.

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<p><b>Introduction: </b>The Borg Scale for perceived exertion is well established in science and sport to keep an appropriate level of workload or to rate physical strain. Although it is also often used at moderate and high altitude, it was never validated for hypoxic conditions. Since pulse rate and minute breathing volume at rest are increased at altitude it may be expected that the rating of the same workload is higher at altitude compared to sea level. <p> <b>Material and methods: </b>16 mountaineers were included in a prospective randomized design trial. Standardized workload (ergometry) and rating of the perceived exertion (RPE) were performed at sea level, at 3,000 m, and at 4,560 m. For validation of the scale Maloney-Rastogi-test and Bland-Altmann-Plots were used to compare the Borg ratings at each intensity level at the three altitudes; p < 0.05 was defined as significant. <p><b>Results: </b>In Bland-Altmann-Plots more than 95% of all Borg ratings were within the interval of 1.96 x standard deviation. There was no significant deviation of the ratings at moderate or high altitude. The correlation between RPE and workload or oxygen uptake was weak. <p><b>Conclusion: </b>The Borg Scale for perceived exertion gives valid results at moderate and high altitude – at least up to about 5,000 m. Therefore it may be used at altitude without any modification. The weak correlation of RPE and workload or oxygen uptake indicates that there should be other factors indicating strain to the body. What is really measured by Borg’s Scale should be investigated by a specific study.
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Arney, Blaine E., Jos J. de Koning, Carl Foster, John P. Porcari, Richard P. Mikat, Salvador Jaime, Teun van Erp, Cristina Cortis, Andrea Fusco, and Reese Glover. "Comparison of rating of perceived exertion scales during incremental and interval exercise." Kinesiology 51, no. 2 (2019): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.51.2.1.

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The Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) is an important measure of exercise intensity, which is useful both as a primary and adjunctive method of exercise prescription. However, there are multiple variants of the Borg RPE scale, primarily the Borg 6-20 RPE scale (BORG-RPE) and the Borg Category-Ratio-10 scale (BORG-CR10). There are inadequate data available to address the comparability and interchangeability of these two widely used scales. Well-trained non-athletes performed two increment cycle tests, with each scale used in a random sequence. Subjects also performed interval sessions at three intensities (50, 75 and 85% of peak power output) with each scale used in a random sequence. There were very large correlations during the incremental exercise between the conventional physiological measures (% heart rate reserve – r=0.89 &amp; r=.87); and %VO2reserve (r=.88 &amp; r=.90) and RPE measured by either the BORG-RPE or the BORGCR10, respectively. This pattern was also evident during the interval exercise (% heart rate reserve (r=.85 &amp; r=.84; and blood lactate concentration – r=.74 &amp; r=.78) and RPE measured by either the BORG-RPE or the BORG-CR10, respectively. The relationship between RPE measured by the BORG-RPE and the BORGCR10 was large and best described by a non-linear relationship for both the incremental (R2=89) and the interval (R2=.89) exercise. The incremental and interval curves were virtually overlapping. We concluded that the two most popular versions of the RPE scale, BORG-RPE and BORG-CR10, were both highly related to the conventional physiological measures and very strongly related to each other, with an easily described conversion.
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Williams, Nerys. "The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale." Occupational Medicine 67, no. 5 (July 2017): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx063.

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Spielholz, Peregrin. "Calibrating Borg scale ratings of hand force exertion." Applied Ergonomics 37, no. 5 (September 2006): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2005.10.001.

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Brasil, Roxana M., Stephanie S. Pinto, Joaquin Calatayud, Juan C. Colado, Juan Benavent, and Michael E. Rogers. "Correlation Between Borg Scale (6-20) With A New Water Cycling Scale (Brasil Scale)." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000496330.19504.7a.

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Arney, Blaine E., Reese Glover, Andrea Fusco, Cristina Cortis, Jos J. de Koning, Teun van Erp, Salvador Jaime, Richard P. Mikat, John P. Porcari, and Carl Foster. "Comparison of RPE (Rating of Perceived Exertion) Scales for Session RPE." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 7 (August 1, 2019): 994–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0637.

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Purpose: The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is a well-accepted method of monitoring training load in athletes in many different sports. It is based on the category-ratio (0–10) RPE scale (BORG-CR10) developed by Borg. There is no evidence how substitution of the Borg 6–20 RPE scale (BORG-RPE) might influence the sRPE in athletes. Methods: Systematically training, recreational-level athletes from a number of sport disciplines performed 6 randomly ordered, 30-min interval-training sessions, at intensities based on peak power output (PPO) and designed to be easy (50% PPO), moderate (75% PPO), or hard (85% PPO). Ratings of sRPE were obtained 30 min postexercise using either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE and compared for matched exercise conditions. Results: The average percentage of heart-rate reserve was well correlated with sRPE from both BORG-CR10 (r = .76) and BORG-RPE (r = .69). The sRPE ratings from BORG-CR10 and BORG-RPE were very strongly correlated (r = .90) at matched times. Conclusions: Although producing different absolute numbers, sRPE derived from either the BORG-CR10 or BORG-RPE provides essentially interchangeable estimates of perceived exercise training intensity.
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Wilson, Rachel C., and P. W. Jones. "Long-term reproducibility of Borg scale estimates of breathlessness during exercise." Clinical Science 80, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): 309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0800309.

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1. The intensity of breathlessness in normal subjects during exercise was measured on seven occasions over a 40-week study period to assess the long-term repeatability of Borg scale estimates of breathlessness. 2. In all subjects there was a significant correlation (P = 0.0001) between breathlessness and minute ventilation. Minute ventilation measured at each work rate did not differ between the seven exercise tests (P >0.05). 3. There was no significant difference between the mean Borg scores (measured with respect to a given level of ventilation) in 5 of the 7 test weeks (P >0.05). The slope of the relationship Borg score/minute ventilation did not differ between the seven exercise tests (P >0.05). 4. Breathlessness estimation was highly reproducible both after 1 week and after 40 weeks of the study (both P >0.05). 5. The duration without testing between consecutive tests did not affect reproducibility: the mean Borg score was as equally reproducible after an interval of 22 weeks without testing as after an interval of 1 week (P >0.05). 6. The Borg scale provides a reliable technique for studying the sensation of breathlessness over extended time periods.
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Chakravarthy, Ameera, and Barbara Resnick. "Reliability and Validity Testing of the MotionWatch 8 in Older Adults." Journal of Nursing Measurement 25, no. 3 (2017): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.25.3.549.

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Background and Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to test the reliability and validity of the MotionWatch 8 with older adults. Methods: Participants wore the MotionWatch 8 for 3 days, completed a diary of activities and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale. Results: Evidence of reliability and validity was supported because there was no difference in daily level of activity and that recorded physical activity matched the activity counts. There was a significant difference in Borg RPE scale scores between the sedentary group (Borg RPE scale = 8.6,SD= 3.0) and those with some level of activity (Borg RPE scale = 9.9,SD= 2.3;F= 5.72,p= .02). Conclusion: The findings provide preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the MotionWatch 8 when used with older adults.
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Penko, Amanda L., Jacob E. Barkley, and Jay L. Alberts. "Validity Of The Borg Rpe Scale For Parkinson's Patients." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 43, Suppl 1 (May 2011): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000402937.98368.9a.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Borg scale"

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Suzuki, Masao. "A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Acupuncture in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): the COPD-Acupuncture Trial (CAT)." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202643.

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Jangenfeldt, Andreas, and Anna Schröder. "Revisorns oberoende : En kvantitativ studie av revisorers upplevda press och revisionsutskotts inverkan på upplevd press." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22373.

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Syfte: Vårt första delsyfte med den här studien är att undersöka om press är ett hot mot revisorns oberoende genom att undersöka om det är skillnad på den press revisorer upplever och den press de bedömer att de klarar av. Vårt andra delsyfte är att redogöra för hur och i vilken omfattning ett revisionsutskotts existens kan sänka revisorns upplevda press och därmed stärka revisorns oberoende. Metod: Denna studie är utförd med kvantitativ metod. Data har samlats in med hjälp av dataenkäter som har skickats via e-post till 316 revisorer i Sverige som arbetar med noterade bolag. Revisorerna har skattat sin upplevda press från klienterna med hjälp av Borg CR100 (centiMax) Scale®. Analys av data har utförts med korrelationsanalys, regressionsanalys och t-test med hjälp av statistikprogrammet SPSS. Resultat & slutsats: Vi fann signifikant skillnad mellan den press revisorerna upplever och den press revisorerna bedömer att de skulle klara av innan de godkänner en felaktig finansiell rapport. Studien indikerar en liten skillnad i upplevd press vid revision av företag med revisionsutskott jämfört med revision av företag utan revisionsutskott. Dock var denna skillnad inte signifikant. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: I kapitel 5.5 tar vi upp förslag till fortsatt forskning varvid huvudfrågorna vi diskuterar är följande: hur sammansättningen av revisionsutskotten påverkar revisionsutskottens effektivitet, vad som orsakar de stora skillnaderna i huruvida revisorerna upplever press eller inte från VD och styrelse och hur hälsan påverkas av den press revisorerna bedömer att de upplever. Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen bidrar med empiriskt underlag för fortsatt forskning då denna studie är den första i sitt slag som har utförts i Sverige. Vidare bidrar studien praktiskt till en ökad kunskap om hur mycket press en revisor upplever i förhållande till vad en revisor bedömer att de klarar av samt hur revisionsutskott påverkar revisorns upplevda press.
Aim: Our first subsidiary aim of this study is to investigate whether the pressure is a threat to auditor's independence by investigating whether there is a difference between the pressure experienced by auditors and the pressures they estimate that they can handle. Our second subsidiary aim is to explain how and to what extent an audit committees' existence can lower the auditor's perceived pressure and thereby strengthen the auditor's independence. Method: This study is conducted by a quantitative method. Data were collected using data questionnaires sent by e - mail to 316 auditors in Sweden working with listed companies. The auditor has estimated his or hers perceived pressure from clients using the Borg CR100 (centiMax) Scale®. Data analysis has been performed by correlation analysis, regression analysis, and t-test with the statistical program SPSS. Result & Conclusions: We found a significant difference between the experienced pressure by auditors and the pressure auditors estimated that they could handle before approving a false financial report. The study indicates a small difference in the perceived pressure for audits in co-operation with companies with audit committees, compared with companies without audit committees. However, the difference was not significant. Suggestions for further research: In Chapter 5.5 we bring up suggestions for further research and the main issues we discuss are: how the composition of audit committees influences audit committees' effectiveness, what the large differences in whether the auditors are experiencing pressure or not from the President and Board of the company are caused by and how the health is affected by the estimated pressure auditors experiencing. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes with the empirical foundation for continued research because this study is the first of its kind in Sweden. Furthermore, the study contributes practically to a greater knowledge of how much pressure an accountant experience in relation to what the auditor believes that they are capable of and how audit committees affect the auditor's perceived pressure.
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Chen, Michael J. "Criterion-Related Validity of the Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale : A Meta-Analysis." DigitalCommons@USU, 1998. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6143.

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The Borg Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale has proven to be a highly popular instrument in measuring the subjective responses of individuals to a given work or exercise task. Historically, the instrument was designed to correlate highly with the heart rates in young-to-middle-aged men performing various tasks. The body of literature, however, has revealed inconsistencies in the extent of just how strong the relationship is between ratings of perceived exertion and various physiological criterion variables, most notably, heart rate. In addition, most studies have invoked the question of whether the criterion-related validity coefficients derived from the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion and a specified physiological criterion variable are just as valid as those for which the Borg RPE Scale was originally performed. A meta-analysis, therefore, was undertaken to determine the magnitude of the relationship between ratings of perceived exertion scores and each of three commonly used physiological measures or criterion variables: heart rate, blood lactate, and oxygen uptake. Results show that by using Tests of Homogeneity for each physiological criterion variable, the observed sample size-weighted validity coefficients are heterogeneous. The median of the mean sample size-weighted validity coefficients is .574 for heart rate, .561 for blood lactate, and .480 for oxygen uptake. Each study in the meta-analysis was grouped by the study characteristics of subject gender, fitness level, RPE Scale, exercise type, exercise protocol, and study quality. For heart rate, the highest validity coefficients are those in which the subjects are highly fit, the exercise type is fairly unusual, such as swimming, and the subjects are required to maximally exert themselves. For blood lactate, the highest validity coefficients are for females, healthy-inactive subjects, the 15-point RPE Scale, treadmill use, and swimming. For oxygen uptake, the highest validity coefficients between ratings of perceived exertion and oxygen uptake are for swimming. In a meta-analysis of study effects, when the validity coefficients are analyzed by study, the resultant mean validity coefficients are only somewhat higher (ratings of perceived exertion and heart rate, .657; ratings of perceived exertion and blood lactate, .642; ratings of perceived exertion and oxygen uptake, .609) than those obtained using sample size-weighted validity coefficients. Finally, corrections for bias generally resulted in increased validity coefficients and decreased variances.
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Carvalho, Vitor Oliveira. "A escala de Borg como ferramenta de auto-monitorização e auto-adaptação do esforço em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca na hidroterapia e no solo: estudo randomizado, cego e controlado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-31052010-171358/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A escala de Borg é a padronização da percepção subjetiva de esforço mais difundida e seu uso já foi proposto para garantir um esforço submáximo em portadores da síndrome da insuficiência cardíaca (SIC). A hidroterapia é um novo método usado nos programas de reabilitação cardiovascular que parece proporcionar ao paciente um benefício extra em relação ao treinamento físico convencional. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso da escala de Borg entre relativamente fácil e ligeiramente cansativo como uma ferramenta de auto-monitorização e auto-adaptação do esforço físico em portadores da SIC no solo e na piscina, por possivelmente levar a freqüência cardíaca a uma faixa entre o limiar anaeróbio e o ponto de compensação respiratório. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes realizaram uma ergoespirometria para determinação dos limiares metabólicos. O percentual da freqüência cardíaca média durante a sessão de exercício em relação à freqüência cardíaca referente ao limiar anaeróbio (%FCE-LA), em relação ao ponto de compensação respiratório (%FCE-PCR), em relação à freqüência cardíaca de pico medida pela ergoespirometria (%FCE-pico) e em relação à freqüência cardíaca máxima predita para a idade (%FCE-Predita) foi realizado. Posteriormente, os pacientes foram randomizados para os grupos piscina ou solo. Um investigador, cego para a freqüência cardíaca referente aos limiares metabólicos instruiu os pacientes a caminhar entre relativamente fácil e ligeiramente cansativo. A freqüência cardíaca média após 30 minutos de exercício foi considerada. RESULTADOS: O %FCE-LA (114±11 versus 111±11, p=0,352) e %FCE-Predita (61±8 versus 58±7, p=0,306) não diferiram entre os grupos piscina e solo; mas diferente no %FCE-PCR (95±7 versus 86±7, p<0,001) e no %EHR-Peak (85±8 versus 78±9, p=0,007). O %FCE-LA (ri=0,63, p=0,018) mostrou uma concordância entre os grupos, mas o %FCE-PCR (ri=0.33, p=0.192), %FCE-pico (ri=-0,18, p=0,643) e %FCE-Predita (ri=-0,38, p=0,755) não. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício físico guiado pela escala de Borg levou a freqüência cardíaca média durante o exercício para uma faixa entre o limiar anaeróbio e ponto de compensação respiratório (zona alvo de treinamento físico). O grupo piscina apresentou a freqüência cardíaca mais próxima do limiar anaeróbio enquanto o grupo solo apresentou mais próximo do ponto de compensação respiratório, o que parece refletir o efeito hemodinâmico da imersão em água aquecida. Este dado é importante para na auto-adaptação e para a auto-monitorização do treinamento físico sem a realização seriada da ergoespirometria, podendo implicar em um custo financeiro mais baixo de um programa de reabilitação.
BACKGROUND: The Borg scale is the standardization of perceived exertion most widespread and has been proposed to ensure a submaximal effort in patients with the syndrome of heart failure (SIC). Hydrotherapy is a new method used in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs that seems to offer the patient an extra benefit compared to conventional exercise training. AIM: To evaluate the use of the Borg scale between \"relatively easy and slightly tiring\" as a tool for self-monitoring and self-adaptation to physical exertion in patients with the SIC on the land and on the hidrotherapy, by possibly lead the heart rate to a range between anaerobic threshold and respiratory compensation. METHODS: Patients performed the cardiopulmonary exercise test to determine the metabolic thresholds. The percentage of the mean heart rate during the exercise session in relation to the anaerobic threshold heart rate (%FCE-LA), in relation to the respiratory compensation point (%EHR-PCR), in relation to the peak heart rate by the exercise test (%EHR-Peak) and in relation to the maximum predicted heart rate (%EHR-Predicted) were performed. Then, patients were randomized into land or water groups. One investigator, blinded to metabolic thresholds heart rate, instructed the patients to walk between relatively easy and slightly tiring. The mean heart rate after the 30 minutes of exercise session was recorded. RESULTS: The %EHR-AT (114±11 to 111±11, p=0,352) and %EHR-Predicted (61±8 to 58±7, p=0,306) were not different between land and water groups; but different in the %EHR-PCR (95±7 to 86±7, p<0,001) and in the %EHR-Peak (85±8 to 78±9, p=0,007). The %EHR-AT (ri=0,63, p=0,018) showed an agreement between groups, but %EHR-VT (ri=0,33, p=0,192), %EHR-Peak (ri=-0,18, p=0,643) and %EHR-Predicted (ri=-0,38, p=0,755) did not. CONCLUSION: The exercise guided by the Borg scale has led to heart rate during exercise to a range between the threshold and respiratory compensation point (the target area of physical training). The hydrotherapy group had the heart rate closer to the anaerobic threshold as the land group that had closer to the respiratory compensation point, which seems to reflect the hemodynamic effect of immersion in hot water. This information is important to self-adapt and self-regulate the exercise training without a serial cardiopulmonary exercise test, what could imply in lowest cost.
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Sundell, Jessica. "A study on the measurement of depressive symptoms: frequency versus intensity." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-152862.

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Depression is a common mental health disorder and is a major contributor to the overall global burden of disease. Improving the instruments that are used to detect and assist in the diagnosis of depression is of importance due to the impact that the disorder has on the individual and society. The study aimed to explore and improve the measurement of depression. Seventy-one participants’ results on the PHQ-9 (that measures frequency of depressive symptoms) and the Borg CR scale® (measuring intensity of depressive symptoms) were analysed. It was also of interest to measure mental health patients’ (n = 16) self-rated depression and compare it to mental health staffs’ (n = 7) observer-rated depression. The overall correlation between intensity and frequency of depressive symptoms was found to be positively strong (r =. 695), the Borg CR scale showed high internal consistency when used for measuring intensity of depressive symptoms (.846), self-reported depression was lower than observer-rated depression (p = .167). In addition, inter-individual differences in frequency and intensity of depressive symptoms were also examined. Overall, the outcome of this study showed that intensity of depressive symptoms can differ considerably between individuals, despite similar overall depression scores.
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Bacci, Adriana do Vale Ferreira. ""Comparação da escala CR10 de Borg com a escala analógica visual (VAS) na avaliação da dor em pacientes com disfunções temporomandibulares"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59137/tde-25042006-155158/.

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A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) e a escala Category-Ratio (CR10) foram aplicadas para mensurar a dor em pacientes com Disfunções Temporomandibulares (DTMs) em dois estudos. No primeiro estudo, em 35 pacientes (Grupo I) foram aplicadas uma versão modificada da escala CR10 em português e a VAS para mensurar a dor espontânea, durante função orofacial e durante palpação antes e após tratamento odontológico. A modificação na CR10 consistiu em um desmembramento das categorias verbais e da escala numérica apresentadas cada uma delas em única coluna em mesma folha. Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre as pontuações da VAS e da CR10 foram 0,85 antes do tratamento odontológico e 0,9 após o tratamento, indicando alta validade de critério. A associação entre os valores numéricos e as categorias verbais da Escala CR10 Modificada mostrou diferenças em relação ao que é proposto na escala original. As categorias: “Moderado”, “Forte” e “Muito Forte” foram associadas a valores superiores aos originais. O segundo estudo foi planejado para investigar se essas discrepâncias nas associações das categorias com os seus valores numéricos eram replicáveis e verificar se não dependiam da forma de apresentação da escala CR10 modificada. Para isso, as escalas foram aplicadas para medir dor em duas novas amostras de pacientes com DTMs antes do tratamento odontológico. A CR10 com nova modificação e a VAS foram aplicadas à primeira amostra (Grupo II , n=23 pacientes). A modificação na CR10 consistiu na apresentação primeiro da escala numérica em uma coluna seguida pela apresentação das categorias verbais em três colunas. A CR10 original e a VAS foram aplicadas à segunda amostra (Grupo III, n=17 pacientes). Os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson foram 0,9 para o Grupo II e 0,8 para o Grupo III, indicando também alta validade de critério. Assim como no primeiro estudo, na escala CR10, as categorias verbais: “Moderado”, “Forte” e “Muito Forte” foram associadas na escala numérica a valores superiores aos propostos na escala original Em ambos estudos, a escala CR10 foi a mais bem avaliada pelos pacientes, segundo a facilidade de compreensão das instruções e a adequação para o registro da dor. Evidencia-se a necessidade de mais estudos para validar a escala CR10 para a língua portuguesa para determinar com precisão a associação das categorias verbais aos valores numéricos.
Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Category-Ratio Scale (CR10) were applied to measure pain in patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs). In the first study, a modified version of CR10 translated to Portuguese and VAS were applied to measure spontaneous pain, functional pain and pain by touch after and before dentistry treatment in 35 patients (Group I). The CR10 modification consisted of presenting the verbal categories and the numerical scale in separated columns in a sheet. Coefficients of Pearson’s correlation between VAS and CR10 scores were .85 and .90 respectively before and after treatment, indicating a high criterion validation. The association of numerical values and verbal categories of Modified CR10 scale were different from the original CR10. The verbal expressions “moderate”, “strong” and “very strong” were attached to higher values. In the second study we investigated if these discrepancies in attaching the verbal categories to the numerical scale were replicable and if they were not an artifact of the way of presenting the modified CR10 scale. To check these topics, the scales were applied to measure pain in two new samples of patients with TMD before dentistry treatment. A new modified version of the CR10 scale and the VAS were applied to the first sample (Group II, n=23 patients). This modification in CR10 scale consisted of presenting first the numerical scale in separate column, and then the verbal categories distributed in three columns. The original CR10 and VAS were applied to the second sample (Group III, n=17 patients). Coefficients of Pearsons correlation between CR10 and VAS were .9 for Group II and .8 for Group III, indicating also high criterion validation. As indicated in the first study, some verbal categories were attached to the numerical scale at higher values than those ones in the original scale. In both studies,, most patients judged the CR10 easier to be understood and more adequate to measure pain than VAS. There is evidence of the necessity of more studies to validate CR10 to Portuguese to determine with precision the association of the verbal categories to the numeric values.
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Hommerding, Patrícia Xavier. "Acurácia da escala de Borg modificada no exercício de crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14721.

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Objetivos: Verificar a acurácia da escala de Borg modificada após o exercício na estimativa do comprometimento pulmonar medido pelo volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), em crianças e adolescentes com fibrose cística. Métodos: Estudo transversal e prospectivo em pacientes com FC (6 a 18 anos) em acompanhamento ambulatorial. Os parâmetros avaliados foram a sensação subjetiva da dispnéia através da escala de Borg modificada após o exercício correlacionando-a com a função pulmonar (espirometria) e secundariamente, com o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6) e com o estado nutricional pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC). Resultados: Foram incluídos 41 pacientes com a média de idade 11,1 ± 4,1 anos. A mediana da escala de Borg modificada após o TC6 foi 2(1-3). A média de percentual do previsto do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1%) foi de 96,6 ± 31,9%. Sessenta e um por cento dos pacientes apresentaram escore Z da distância percorrida (ZTC6) igual ou menor que -2. A escala de Borg modificada apresentou correlações fracas com as demais variáveis, quando toda a amostra foi avaliada. Houve correlação significativa e maior da escala com o VEF1 (r=-0,59; p=0,003) e com o ZTC6 (r=0,46; p=0,026), avaliando-se separadamente os pacientes com idade superior a 9 anos. Ao analisar os pacientes em diferentes níveis de corte de acordo com a idade pela curva ROC, obteve-se a partir do ponto de corte da escala de Borg modificada de 2,5 uma área de 0,80 proporcionando uma sensibilidade de 80% e especificidade de 77% na faixa etária superior a 9 anos para prever o VEF1% menor de 80%. Conclusão: A percepção subjetiva da dispnéia avaliada através da escala de Borg modificada apresenta acurácia em crianças com idade superior a 9 anos e adolescentes com fibrose cística.
Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of the modified Borg scale to estimate lung impairment measured by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was conducted with CF patients (6 to 18 years of age). Subjective perception of dyspnea, (modified Borg scale) before and after submaximal exercises, as well as its correlation with lung function (spirometry) and, secondarily, with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) results and the nutritional status according to body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. Results: Forty-one patients aged 11.1 ± 4.1 years were included in the study. Median score in the modified Borg scale after 6MWT was 2 (1-3). Mean percent predicted of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) was 96.6 ± 31.9%. The z score of walked distance (Z6MWT) for 61% of the patients was equal to or lower than -2. The modified Borg scale correlated weakly with the other variables when all patients in the sample were analyzed. There was a significantly greater correlation of the scale with FEV1% (r=-0.59; P=0.003) and with 6MWTZ (r=0.46; P=0.026) when patients older than 9 years were evaluated separately. The ROC curve analysis revealed that a cut-off point of 2.5 in the modified Borg scale generated an area of 0.80, had a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 77% and accuracy of 0.78 to predict FEV1% lower than 80% in the group of patients older than 9 years. Conclusion: The modified Borg scale is accurate to assess the subjective perception of dyspnea of children older than 9 years and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.
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Santos, Artur Bonezi dos. "Análise comparativa de variáveis biomecânicas e da percepção de esforço do exercício leg work do Pilates realizado na Chair e no Reformer." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28632.

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O método Pilates, o qual vem se difundindo muito nas últimas décadas, é um método de condicionamento físico que apresenta uma série de exercícios sistematizados os quais podem ser realizados com aparelhos, dotados de molas, submetendo os músculos a cargas externas. Um desses exercícios é o leg work que pode ser caracterizado como uma extensão de quadril e joelhos. Dessa maneira, o conhecimento das forças envolvidas no exercício, bem como seu comportamento, ao longo da amplitude de execução permite uma melhor definição do exercício, contribuindo para uma escolha mais criteriosa e uma melhor prescrição do exercício. Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar a diferença no exercício leg work executado nos aparelhos Chair e Reformer levando em consideração a carga do equipamento (força das molas), a amplitude de movimento (ADM), o ritmo de execução, a atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) de músculos específicos se a sensação subjetiva de esforço das executantes. A amostra foi composta por 18 mulheres fisicamente ativas sem histórico de lesão e praticantes de Pilates há pelo menos 6 meses. Foi empregado diagrama de corpo livre e equações de Newton-Euler para calcular a variação da força externa nos aparelhos Chair e Reformer no movimento leg work. Foi utilizada cinemetria bidimensional (2D) e dois eletromiógrafos para aquisição dos dados. Os músculos analisados foram glúteo máximo (GM), bíceps femoral (BF), vasto lateral (VL), reto femoral (RF), gastrocnêmio medial (GAS), oblíquo externo (OE) e multífido (MU). Os resultados indicam que há diferenças significativas na ativação EMG do OE, VL e RF, no índice de co-contração de BF-RF, BF-VL e OE-MU bem como no índice de esforço percebido entre aparelhos Chair e Reformer durante o movimento leg work. Isso provavelmente se deve a diferenças na ADM e nas estratégias de recrutamento, uma vez que a carga do equipamento final imposta era a mesma em ambos os aparelhos. Essas informações devem ser levadas em consideração em um programa de condicionamento e reabilitação de Pilates. Pode-se concluir que há diferenças no exercício leg work executado nos aparelhos Chair e Reformer na atividade EMG de músculos específicos, ADM e sensação subjetiva de esforço das executantes.
The Pilates method, which has been popularized over the last decades, is a physical conditioning method that presents a series of systematized exercises that may be performed by apparatus with springs, loading the muscles to external loads. One of these exercises is the leg work, that may be characterized as hip and knee extension. The knowledge of forces involved in an exercise, as well as their behavior throughout the range of execution allows a better exercise definition, contributing to a more careful choice and a better prescription of the exercise. So, the main goal of this study is to identify the difference between legwork exercise performed on Chair and Reformer apparatus, taking into account external load (spring force), range of motion (ROM), rhythm of execution, specific muscles electromyography (EMG) and subject‟s perceived exertion effort sensation. Eighteen women took part of the study, all physically active, without injury history and practitioners of Pilates for at least six months. Free body diagram and Newton-Euler equations were used in order to calculate external force variation on Chair and Reformer apparatus during the legwork movement. Two-dimensional (2D) kinematics and two electromyography were used for data acquisition. The muscles analyzed were Gluteus Maximum (GM), Biceps Femoris (BF), Vastus Lateralis (VL), Rectus Femoralis (RF), Gastrocnemius (GAS), External Obliquies (EB) and Multifidus (MU). Results indicate that there are significant differences in EMG activation of EB, VL and RF, in co-contraction index BF-RF, BF-VL and EB-MU, as well as in perceived exertion sensation between Chair and Reformer apparatus during the legwork movement. This is probably due to differences in the ROM and recruiting strategies, once the imposed final external load was the same for both apparatus. This information should be considered in conditioning and rehabilitation program in Pilates. It‟s possible to conclude that there are differences between legwork exercise performed on Chair and Reformer apparatus in relation to EMG activity of specific muscles, ROM and related Borg perceived exertion scale.
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Almqvist, Ulf, and Anna Sjörs. "Validation of MobileMe : a psychophysiological recording system – from a motion sickness perspective." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7488.

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MobileMe is a recently developed system for monitoring and recording physiological variables. It is wireless, and can therefore be suitable for field research, for example when measuring motion sickness symptoms.

The aim of this thesis was to conclude whether the MobileMe recording system was valid for research studies. A validation study, consisting of two parts and including 10 subjects, was performed. The first part was a laboratory study, where data from MobileMe and a reference equipment were compared. A field study was also performed, onboard a combat boat, to determine the equipment’s validity in uncontrolled environments. Furthermore, the field study included an investigation of motion sickness symptoms, and provided data for evaluation of motion sickness rating scales.

Statistical results from the laboratory study, and results from evaluation of data from the field study, showed that MobileMe was valid in both controlled and uncontrolled environments.

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Cunelius, Erik. "Analysis of Potential Determinants of Cycle Commuting Speed : With Special Reference to Gears, Showers, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-6234.

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Aim: The aim of this study is to analyse potential determinants of cycle commuting speed, with the following research questions: 1. How does cycle commuting speed relate to amount of gears, access to shower facilities, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE), when sex, age, weight, body mass index (BMI), duration, last digit in self-reported duration, and cycling area are controlled for? 2. How are the earlier found relationships between speed and duration, and speed and sex, affected when amount of gears, access to shower facilities, and RPE are added to the control variables age, weight, BMI, last digit in self-reported duration, and cycling area?   Method: In this cross-sectional study, 1526 adult cycle commuters (67% females) in Stockholm County, Sweden, were recruited through advertisements. In a self-administered questionnaire, the respondents reported their sex, age, height, weight, duration of their typical cycle commuting journey, amount of gears, access to shower facilities at the destination, and rating of perceived exertion (measured by the Borg RPE Scale) while cycling. They also drew their cycling route on an individually adjusted map. Multiple linear regression was used to facilitate the analyses.   Results: In a regression model with the independent variables sex, age, weight, body mass index, duration, last digit in self-reported duration (1–4 or 6–9 compared to 0 or 5), cycling area (inner urban compared to suburban and suburban – inner urban), gears, shower facilities, and RPE, the dependent variable cycle commuting speed was positively related to using a bicycle with five or more (as compared to four or fewer) gears, having convenient (as opposed to inconvenient or non-existent) access to shower facilities, and perceiving a higher degree of exertion while cycling. Gears, showers, and RPE were also found to substantially affect the earlier found relationships between speed and duration, and speed and sex. The respondents showed a clear tendency of giving odd-numbered, compared to even-numbered, ratings of perceived exertion.   Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of gears, showers, and RPE in activities such as estimating, planning or taking measures in relation to cycle commuting. It also shows that adding new factors to control for might change earlier established relationships within this field. When the Borg RPE Scale is used, correct instructions strengthens the validity.
Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med denna studie är att analysera potentiella påverkansfaktorer gällande cykelpendlingshastighet, med följande frågeställningar: 1. Hur relaterar hastighet till antal växlar, tillgång till duschfaciliteter och skattning av egenupplevd fysisk ansträngningsgrad (RPE), när kön, ålder, vikt, BMI, duration, slutsiffra i självrapporterad duration samt cykelområde kontrolleras? 2. Hur påverkas de tidigare funna förhållandena mellan hastighet och duration, samt hastighet och kön, när antal växlar, tillgång till duschfaciliteter och RPE adderas till kontrollvariablerna ålder, vikt, BMI, slutsiffra i självrapporterad duration, och cykelområde?   Metod: I denna tvärsnittsstudie rekryterades 1526 vuxna cykelpendlare (67% kvinnor) i Stockholms län genom annonser. I ett själv-administrerat formulär rapporterade de kön, ålder, längd, vikt, duration vid deras typiska cykelpendlingsresa, antal växlar, tillgång till duschfaciliteter vid destinationen, och skattning av egenupplevd fysisk ansträngningsgrad (enligt Borgskalan) under cyklingen. De ritade även in sin cykelväg på en individuellt anpassad karta. Multipel linjär regression användes för att möjliggöra analyserna.   Resultat: I en regressionsmodell med de oberoende variablerna kön, ålder, vikt, BMI, duration, slutsiffra i självrapporterad duration (1­–4 eller 6–9 jämfört med 0 eller 5), cykelområde (innerstad i jämförelse med ytterstad samt ytterstad – innerstad), växlar, duschmöjligheter och RPE, var den beroende variabeln cykelhastighet positivt relaterad till användandet av en cykel med fem växlar eller fler (i jämförelse med fyra eller färre), att ha bekväm tillgång till dusch (i motsats till obekväm eller ingen tillgång alls) samt att uppleva en högre grad av fysisk ansträngning under cykling. Växlar, duschmöjligheter och RPE visade sig även substantiellt påverka de tidigare funna förhållandena mellan hastighet och duration, samt hastighet och kön. Respondenterna visade en tydlig tendens att ge ojämna, i jämförelse med jämna, RPE-skattningar.   Slutsats: Denna studie belyser vikten av växlar, duschmöjligheter och egenupplevd ansträngningsgrad vid exempelvis bedömning, planering eller vidtagande av åtgärder i relation till cykelpendling. Den visar även att nya kontrollfaktorer kan förändra tidigare etablerade förhållanden inom detta fält. Korrekta instruktioner stärker validiteten vid användandet av Borgskalan.
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Books on the topic "Borg scale"

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Gross, Alexander. The untold sixties: When hope was born : an insider's sixties on an international scale. New York: Cross-Cultural Research Projects, 2009.

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Max Born Symposium (25th 2009 Wrocław, Poland). The Planck scale: Proceedings of the XXV Max Born Symposium, Wroclaw, Poland, 29 June-3 July 2009. Edited by Kowalski-Glikman Jerzy 1957-, Durka R. (Remigiusz), Szczachor M, and European Science Foundation. Quantum Gravity Research Networking Programme. Melville, New York: American Institute of Physics, 2009.

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Max Born Symposium (25th 2009 Wrocław, Poland). The Planck scale: Proceedings of the XXV Max Born Symposium, Wroclaw, Poland, 29 June-3 July 2009. Edited by Kowalski-Glikman Jerzy 1957-, Durka R. (Remigiusz), Szczachor M, and European Science Foundation. Quantum Gravity Research Networking Programme. Melville, New York: American Institute of Physics, 2009.

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Perceptual estimation and production of exercise intensity using the Borg category-ratio scale. 1992.

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Perceptual estimation and production of exercise intensity using the Borg category-ratio scale. 1989.

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Smith, Dana. Perceptual estimation and production of exercise intensity using the Borg category-ratio scale. 1989.

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The validity and reliability of the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale during aerobic exercise. 1989.

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The validity and reliability of the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale during aerobic exercise. 1986.

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Lamb, Kevin L., Gaynor Parfitt, and Roger G. Eston. Effort perception. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0015.

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As the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale was not appropriate for children, investigators set about developing child-specific scales which employed numbers, words and/or images that were more familiar and understandable. Numerous studies have examined the validity and reliability of such scales as the CERT, PCERT and OMNI amongst children aged 5 to 16 years, across different modes of exercise (cycling, running, stepping, resistance exercise), protocols (intermittent vs. continuous, incremental vs. non-incremental) and paradigms (estimation vs. production). Such laboratory-based research has enabled the general conclusion that children can, especially with practise, use effort perception scales to differentiate between exercise intensity levels, and to self-regulate their exercise output to match various levels indicated by them. However, inconsistencies in the methodological approaches adopted diminish the certainty of some of the interpretations made by researchers. The scope for research in the application of effort perception in physical education and activity/health promotion is considerable.
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Staff, Michelin. Michelin Map Number 328: Ain, Haute-Savoie, Annecy, Bourg-en-Bresse (France) and Surrounding Area, Scale 1:150,000. French and European Publishing, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Borg scale"

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Morishita, Shinichiro, Atsuhiro Tsubaki, Kazuki Hotta, Sho Kojima, Daichi Sato, Akihito Shirayama, Yuki Ito, and Hideaki Onishi. "Relationship Between the Borg Scale Rating of Perceived Exertion and Leg-Muscle Deoxygenation During Incremental Exercise in Healthy Adults." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 95–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48238-1_15.

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Lasa, Rodrigo, Andrea Birke, Larissa Guillén, Martín Aluja, and Daniel Carrillo. "Pests." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 249–69. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0013.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on major pests of guava in the different production areas of the world. The most important insects and mites have been grouped into six categories that have been divided according to different species and their importance across the different guava-producing regions. The chapter also emphasizes the basic features of each group related to their feeding damage, biology, behaviour, ecology and biorational pest management strategies. Minor pests are also listed. It is suggested that the main focus of pest control measures should be targeted towards fruit flies, some coleopteran and lepidopteran species that bore fruit and stems, and some minor pests that include scales, mealybugs, thrips, whiteflies and mites that increase guava production costs and reduce fruit quality and yields.
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Aylward, Glen P. "Issues in Neurodevelopmental Testing of Infants Born Prematurely: The Bayley Scales of Infant Development Third Edition and Other Tools." In Follow-Up for NICU Graduates, 241–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73275-6_14.

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"The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale." In Care of the Obese in Advanced Practice Nursing. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/9780826123589.ap15.

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"Analysis and Quantification of Force Using the Borg Scale." In Risk Assessment and Management of Repetitive Movements and Exertions of Upper Limbs - Job Analysis, Ocra Risk Indices, Prevention Strategies and Design Principles, 63–66. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1572-347x(02)80009-x.

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Ellestad, Myrvin H., and Gregory S. Thomas. "The Ellestad Protocol." In Ellestad's Stress Testing, edited by Gregory S. Thomas, L. Samuel Wann, and Myrvin H. Ellestad, 149–59. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190225483.003.0008.

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The chapter The Ellestad Protocol reviews the performance of a maximal exercise test from start to finish using the Ellestad protocol as an example. Patient preparation should include caffeine avoidance should a vasodilator myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) test be necessary secondary to inadequate exercise. A light meal prior to exercise testing is acceptable. The Bruce and Ellestad protocols both begin with a stage each investigator regarded as a warm-up, 3 minutes of exercise at 1.7 mph at a 10% grade. With two minute stages, primarily of increasing grade, the Ellestad protocol is completed approximately one minute earlier than the Bruce protocol. The use of the Borg scale of perceived exertion is helpful in determining a patient’s effort. If ancillary MPI is not being performed, an abrupt stop for a motion-free electrocardiogram (ECG) and then immediately placing the patient supine or semi-supine increases pre-load and, via the law of Laplace, increases left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, myocardial oxygen demand and thus ischemia. ST segment depression is observed earlier in recovery than if a cool-down walk is performed. Case examples are provided.
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Kenny, Neil. "Conclusions." In Born to Write, 177–78. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852391.003.0011.

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Many early modern French works, ranging from individual poems to large-scale histories, were produced with a sense that they emanated not just from individuals but from families. Such works, which I call family literature, played a big part in the attempts by families and individuals to rise, or at least to avoid falling, within the social hierarchy. Their production became part of what some families were socially or of a new direction in which some members wished to push the family. Literature could be presented as the voice of a lineage as much as of an individual. It was often designed to pin down the image of a family that circulated among readers rather than to open it up. But, through its orientation towards the future, family literature offered descendants and other future readers affordances, including as yet undetermined ways of renewing that image, and sometimes of questioning or disrupting it.
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Yarger, Lisa. "Birth." In Lovie. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469630052.003.0031.

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Joy and Kenny's son Eli is born. Lovie examines the placenta for missing pieces. Lovie narrates her role in the postpartum stage and directs Joy, Kenny and the narrator in their roles. Lovie examines, washes and weighs the baby. According to Lovie's baby scale, Eli weighs 7.5 pounds, but Joy and Kenny confide later to the narrator that he weighed 10 lbs, 14 oz, and that all of Lovie's clients knew her scales were off.
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Boyce, Gordon. "Introduction: The Growth and Dissolution of a Large-scale Business Enterprise: The Furness Interest, 1892-1919." In The Growth and Dissolution of a Large-Scale Business Enterprise, 1–14. Liverpool University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497391.003.0001.

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Christopher Furness, the seventh son of John Furness and Averill, daughter of John Wilson of Naisbet Hall, Durham, was born at West Hartlepool on 23 April 1852. John Furness had been born in Myton-on-Swale, Yorkshire, about 1808 and moved to West Hartlepool to work on the rail lines being built into the town during the 1840s....
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Lee, Sabine. "Bui Doi: the children of the Vietnam War." In Children Born of War in the Twentieth Century. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526104588.003.0004.

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The chapter traces military-civilian relations during the Vietnam War and the challenges faced by Vietnamericans who remained in Vietnam compared with those who were evacuated in Operation Babylift of left Vietnam for the United States after the Amerasian Homecoming Act. Using historical and sociological approaches as well as psychological and psychiatric analyses, the investigation shines a light on how the three distinct groups experienced their upbringing and lifecourses in very different ways, depending on where geopolitical circumstances and foreign intervention placed them.The analysis zooms in on international and interracial adoption as one chosen avenue to ‘rescue’ children left behind by foreign troops – a policy found in the aftermath of many conflicts, but first practiced on a large scale in the aftermath of the Korean and Vietnam Wars.
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Conference papers on the topic "Borg scale"

1

Verma, Abhishek, Luis Pedrosa, Madhukar Korupolu, David Oppenheimer, Eric Tune, and John Wilkes. "Large-scale cluster management at Google with Borg." In EuroSys '15: Tenth EuroSys Conference 2015. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2741948.2741964.

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Timmermann, Janko, Wilko Heuten, and Susanne Boll. "Input Methods for the Borg-RPE-Scale on Smartwatches." In 9th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. ICST, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2015.259220.

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Cebanu, Mariana, Victoria Sadovici-Bobeica, Virginia Salaru, Maria Garabajiu, and Gheorghe Ciobanu. "Borg dyspnea scale and 6 Minute Walk Test could be useful tools for assessing respiratory involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2484.

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Nakamura, Hiroyuki, Nobuhito Kishimoto, Nobiki Nanki, Norihiko Nakanishi, Yasufumi Yamaji, Shinya Tada, Tadashi Kamei, and Nobuo Ueda. "The Effect Of Proactive Inhalation Of Short Acting ß2 Agonist On The 6-Minute Walking Distance And Borg Scale In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1612.

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5

Lockerby, Duncan A., Alexander Patronis, Matthew K. Borg, and Jason M. Reese. "Multiscale Simulation of Internal Rarefied Gas Flows." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73204.

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Abstract:
This paper describes the development and application of a multiscale method for the efficient simulation of a large class of low-speed internal rarefied gas flows. The method is an extension of the hybrid atomistic-continuum approach recently proposed by Borg et al (2013) [J. Comp. Phys., 233, pp 400–413] for the simulation of micro/nano flows of high-aspect ratio. The extension is twofold: 1) a modification to accommodate fluid compressibility; and 2) implementation using a direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for the treatment of dilute rarefied gas flows. The method is applied to a pair of internal-flow configurations: flow through a converging-diverging channel and eccentric cylindrical Couette flow. For validation/verification purposes, the multiscale simulation results are compared to those obtained from a full-scale DSMC simulation: very close agreement is obtained in all cases. The multiscale simulation is an order of magnitude more computationally efficient than the full-scale DSMC for the first test case, and two orders of magnitude more efficient for the second case.
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Giddings, Steven B., Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman, R. Durka, and M. Szczachor. "Beyond the Planck Scale." In THE PLANCK SCALE: Proceedings of the XXV Max Born Symposium. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3284370.

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Bahr, B., B. Dittrich, Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman, R. Durka, and M. Szczachor. "Breaking and Restoring of Diffeomorphism Symmetry in Discrete Gravity." In THE PLANCK SCALE: Proceedings of the XXV Max Born Symposium. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3284371.

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Girelli, Florian, Etera Livine, Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman, R. Durka, and M. Szczachor. "Field Theories with Homogeneous Momentum Space." In THE PLANCK SCALE: Proceedings of the XXV Max Born Symposium. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3284372.

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Gomis, Joaquim, Kiyoshi Kamimura, Jerzy Lukierski, Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman, R. Durka, and M. Szczachor. "Deformed Maxwell Algebras and their Realizations." In THE PLANCK SCALE: Proceedings of the XXV Max Born Symposium. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3284373.

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Govindarajan, T. R., Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman, R. Durka, and M. Szczachor. "Spontaneous Breaking of Symmetry in Moyal Spacetime with Twisted Poincaré Symmetry." In THE PLANCK SCALE: Proceedings of the XXV Max Born Symposium. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3284375.

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