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1

Makuch, Natalia, Piotr Dziarski, Michał Kulka, and Mourad Keddam. "Growth Kinetics and Some Mechanical Properties of Plasma Paste Borided Layers Produced on Nimonic 80A-Alloy." Materials 14, no. 18 (2021): 5146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185146.

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Plasma paste boriding was employed in order to produce the boride layers on Nimonic 80A-alloy. The process was carried out at temperatures of 1023 K, 1073 K and 1123 K for 3, 4 and 6 h in a gas mixture of 50% H2-50% Ar. Borax paste was used as a boron source. The microstructure of the produced surface layers consisted of the mixture of nickel borides and chromium borides. The effect of processing temperature and duration on the thickness of the borided layers was observed. The theoretical thicknesses of the borided layers were estimated using an integral diffusion model. A good correlation was
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2

Dziarski, P., N. Makuch, and M. Kulka. "Influence of gas boriding on corrosion resistance of Inconel 600-alloy." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 1, no. 84 (2017): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3028.

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the corrosion behaviour of gas-borided layers produced on Inconel 600-alloy. Two types of the borided layers were produced: fully borided and partially borided layer. The results obtained for gas-borided specimens were compared to untreated Inconel 600-alloy. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, gas boriding in N2-H2-BCl3 atmosphere was applied to produce the boride layers on Inconel 600-alloy. This process was carried out at 910°C (1193 K) for 2 h. Microstructure observations were carried out using a light microscope. The hardness measureme
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3

Campos-Silva, Ivan, N. López-Perrusquia, E. Hernández-Sánchez, M. Ortíz-Domínguez, D. Bravo-Bárcenas, and José Martínez-Trinidad. "Anisotropy of Boride Layers: Effect on the Mechanical Properties of AISI 4140 Borided Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.142.

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The growth of iron borides over the surface of different steels is of high anisotropy. It was determined that the anisotropy of borided phases reveals a significant instability of properties in service. One of the techniques to determine the effect of anisotropy on the mechanical properties of boride layers is the induced-fracture by Vickers microindentation. During the present work, the fracture toughness (KC) of the Fe2B hard coatings has been estimated at the surface of AISI 4140 borided steels. The force criterion of fracture toughness was determined from the extent of brittle cracks origi
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4

Makuch, Natalia. "The Importance of Phase Composition for Corrosion Resistance of Borided Layers Produced on Nickel Alloys." Materials 13, no. 22 (2020): 5131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225131.

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The plasma paste boriding process was used for production of the borided layers on pure nickel and nickel-chromium alloys. The produced layers consisted of nickel borides only (in the case of nickel) or a nickel and chromium borides mixture (in the case Ni–Cr alloys). The objective of this investigation was to indicate the importance of the presence of chromium for corrosion resistance of non-borided alloys, as well as to indicate the influence of phase composition of borided layers on their corrosion resistance. Pure nickel was characterized by higher corrosion resistance, in comparison to th
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5

García-León, Ricardo Andrés, Jose Martinez-Trinidad, Ivan Campos-Silva, and Wilbert Wong-Angel. "Mechanical characterization of the AISI 316L alloy exposed to boriding process." DYNA 87, no. 213 (2020): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n213.82924.

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In this study, the powder-pack boriding process on low-carbon stainless steel was carried out at 1273 K for 4 h of exposure to obtain a layer around ~57 μm conformed by FeB, Fe2B, and others alloying elements. Firstly, the presence of iron borides formed on the surface of borided AISI 316L alloy was confirmed by optical microscopy combined with the X-ray diffraction analysis. After, the sensed Vickers indentation test was performed on the iron boride layer to estimate the behavior of hardness and Young’s modulus. Sliding wear tests on the borided AISI 316L alloy were performed according to the
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6

Rao, Lin, Edward G. Gillan, and Richard B. Kaner. "Rapid synthesis of transition-metal borides by solid-state metathesis." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 2 (1995): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.0353.

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A rapid self-sustaining solid-state precursor route to transition-metal borides, boride solid solutions, and boride composites has been developed. Solid-state metathesis (SSM) reactions between transition-metal chlorides and magnesium boride (MgB2) produce crystalline borides and magnesium chloride. Boride solid solutions are formed using mixed chloride precursors. By using a third precursor, such as NaN3, boride-nitride composites are synthesized. The reaction products are characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and inductively
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7

Chai, Yong Quan. "First Principle Study on the Electronic Structure of Borides." Advanced Materials Research 1035 (October 2014): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1035.392.

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This study utilizes accurate first principle method to conduct a comparative study on he electronic structure of multiple borides. State density of the borides is also summarized. It is found that lanthanum boride has special electronic structure characteristics. Therefore, it is presumed that there is high superconducting transition temperature (Tc) in lanthanum boride. This study is able to provide asignificant theoretical reference for further experimental research.
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8

Calik, A., N. Ucar, M. S. Karakas, and H. Tanis. "Pack-Boriding of Pure Iron with Powder Mixtures Containing ZrB2." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (2019): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2017-0081.

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AbstractBoriding of pure iron was investigated using the powder pack method with boriding powder mixtures containing different weight fractions of ZrB2 (5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %). The samples were borided in an electric resistance furnace for an exposure time of 4 h at 1,173 K temperature under atmospheric pressure. Borided samples were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analyses and microhardness tests. Results showed that the boride layers consisted mainly of FeB and Fe2B phases. No significant difference in boride layer thicknesses (average 140 μm) could be observed as a
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9

CALIK, A., N. UCAR, A. KOCASLAN, and S. KARAKAS. "EFFECT OF INTERRUPTED BORIDING ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 16MnCr5 STEELS." Surface Review and Letters 25, no. 07 (2018): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x19500227.

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The microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of continuously borided and interrupted borided 16MnCr5 steel were compared. In the continuous process, boriding was carried out continuously at 1273[Formula: see text]K for 16[Formula: see text]h. In the interrupted process, after 5[Formula: see text]h of boriding at 1273[Formula: see text]K, the crucible containing the specimens and the boriding powders was removed from the furnace and cooled to 873[Formula: see text]K in still air for 30[Formula: see text]min and this procedure was repeated three times. Both boriding treatments were a
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10

Yi, Da Wei, Jian Dong Xing, Han Guang Fu, Sheng Qiang Ma, and Zhu Xin Liu. "Effect of Rare Earth-Al Additions on the Structural Variations of Medium Carbon Fe-B Cast Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.213.

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This study investigates the effect of rare earth and aluminium composite modification on the structural variations of as-cast and heat treated medium carbon Fe–B cast alloys. The as-cast microstructure of Fe–B cast alloy consists of the eutectic boride, pearlite, martensite and ferrite. Moreover, compared to a netlike distribution of the coarse eutectic borides in the unmodified alloy, the eutectic boride structures in the modified alloy are greatly refined and less interconnected. After heat treatment, the phases in Fe–B cast alloy consist of the boride and martensite. The addition of rare ea
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11

Rodríguez-Castro, G., Ivan Campos-Silva, José Martínez-Trinidad, U. Figueroa-López, D. Meléndez-Morales, and Jesus Vargas-Hernández. "Effect of Boriding on the Mechanical Properties of AISI 1045 Steel." Advanced Materials Research 65 (March 2009): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.65.63.

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Some mechanical properties of AISI 1045 borided steels were estimated in the present work. The boriding process was carried out by the powder pack method at 950°C with 8 h of treatment. The fatigue strength on borided notched specimens was evaluated with rotating bending tests (R=1) considering a stress concentration factor (Kt) of 2.53. Likewise, the presence of residual stresses in boride layers was established by the XRD technique. The Daimler-Benz Rockwell C test was used, also, to estimate the strength adhesion of the coated system. The results show a decrease in the fatigue strength of A
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12

Astashov, A. G., A. V. Samokhin, N. V. Alekseev, V. A. Sinayskiy, Yu P. Kalashnikov, and Yu V. Tsvetkov. "Synthesis of Al-B system nanostructures by interaction of disperse aluminium with boron and diborane in arc discharge plasma." Physics and Chemistry of Materials Treatment, no. 3 (2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30791/0015-3214-2020-3-11-18.

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Experimental studies of aluminium boride synthesis as a result of interaction of disperse aluminum with diborane B2H6 and disperse boron in a flow of thermal plasma of different composition generated in electric arc plasma torch have been carried out. Experimental work on the synthesis of aluminium boride nanoparticles from elements (a mixture of disperse aluminum and boron) has shown the possibility of obtaining in thermal plasma arc discharge of such phases of the boride as AlB12 and AlB31. The specific surface of the powders obtained is from 3 to 27 m2/g. According to X-ray phase analysis,
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13

Su, Kai, and Larry G. Sneddon. "Polymer-precursor routes to metal borides: synthesis of titanium boride (TiB2) and zirconium boride (ZrB2)." Chemistry of Materials 3, no. 1 (1991): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm00013a005.

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14

Campos-Silva, Ivan, M. Ortíz-Domínguez, N. López-Perrusquia, R. Escobar Galindo, O. A. Gómez-Vargas, and E. Hernández-Sánchez. "Determination of Boron Diffusion Coefficients in Borided Tool Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.681.

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The boron diffusion in the Fe2B and FeB borided phases formed at the surface of AISI H13 tool steels during the paste boriding process was estimated. The treatment was carried out at temperatures of 1173, 1223 and 1273 K with 2, 4, 6 and 8 h exposure times for each temperature using a 4 mm layer thickness of boron carbide paste over the material surface. The boride layers were characterized by the GDOES technique to determine in quantitative form the presence of the alloying elements on the borided phases. The boron diffusion coefficients and were determined by the mass balance equation and th
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15

Kayikci, Ramazan, Osman Kurtulus, and Riza Gürbüz. "The Formation and Growth Behavior of Aluminium Boride Crystals in an Al–B Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 144 (September 2008): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.144.140.

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The formation of borides in an Al–3 wt.% B alloy produced from reaction between aluminium and boron oxide (B2O3) has been investigated. Melting and cooling experiments were carried out to explore the growth characteristics of aluminium boride crystals. During heating up to1300 oC boron dissolved into molten aluminium and subsequently cooled to form solid aluminium borides in the aluminium matrix. At room temperature boride particles was identified as AlB2. Although, AlB12 phase is the first phase to form directly from the Al-B liquid above 1000 oC which transforms to stable AlB2 crystals by a
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16

Boonplook, Yossapong, and Patiphan Juijerm. "Prediction of Boride Thickness on Tool Steels AISI D2 and AISI H13 Using Boriding Kinetics." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.296.

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Cold and hot work tool steels AISI D2 and AISI H13, respectively, were borided using a packed boriding process. Boriding temperature range of 1123 1223 K was performed with different boriding time up to 6 hr, afterwards, near-surface properties of the borided tool steels AISI D2 and H13 were characterized. Boride layer thicknesses were measured using an optical microscope with an image analyzer program. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to identify the boride coating layer. Kinetics of boriding process was analyzed using diffusion and Arrhenius equations. Activation energies and empiric
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17

Kaouka, Alaeddine, Omar Allaoui, and Mourad Keddam. "Properties of Boride Layer on Boridesae 1035 Steel by Molten Salt." Applied Mechanics and Materials 467 (December 2013): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.467.116.

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Properties of borided SAE 1035 steel have been investigated during boriding treatment, which was carried out in slurry salt bath at temperature range from1073 to 1273K for 2, 4 and 8 h. The presence of both FeB and Fe2B phases formed on the surface of steel substrate was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy examinations showed that boride layers have saw-tooth and columnar morphology. It has been shown that the thickness of boride layers increased when the time and temperature process increased, its value ranged from 20 to 387 μm. The hardne
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18

Inkson, B. J., and M. Rühle. "HREM Analysis of TiB2 - Ti3B4 Precipitates Grown in-Situin TiAl." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (1997): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600010011.

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TiAl alloys are being developed for future use as lightweight, high strength structural materials for the aerospace and automotive industries. The growth of titanium borides in-situ in a TiAl melt can lead to a variety of structures, such as TiB (Bf and B27 structures) and TiB2, depending on the Ti/Al ratio in the melt, and on the presence of further alloying additions [1,2]. The morphologies of the boride particles can be significantly altered if they grow coupled with other boride or intermetallic phases [2-4]. Since the morphology and distribution of the borides with the intermetallic matri
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19

Makota, Oksana, and Yuriy Trach. "The studies of complex formation of metal borides in the reaction system of epoxidation of 1-octene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide by IR spectroscopy." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 1, no. 3 (2007): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht01.03.127.

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The complex formation of molybdenum and vanadium borides in the reaction system of 1-octene epoxidation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide by infrared spectroscopic analysis was studied. It was shown that 1-octene formed complex with metal moiety in a case of molybdenum boride and with boron moiety in a case of vanadium boride.
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20

Forsthoefel, K., and L. G. Sneddon. "Precursor routes to Group 4 metal borides, and metal boride/carbide and metal boride/nitride composites." Journal of Materials Science 39, no. 19 (2004): 6043–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jmsc.0000041700.54302.0d.

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21

Li, Ji Wen, Guo Shang Zhang, Shi Zhong Wei, and Qing Zhao. "Preparation Technology of the Low Carbon High Boron Fe-C-B Wear Resistance Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (March 2011): 1718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1718.

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The solidified microstructure and the modified treatment have been systematic studied for the low carbon high boron Fe-C-B steel. The cast solidified microstructures of the low carbon high boron steel are consisted of the matrix and the boride phases. The matrix phase is consisted of the ferrite, pearlite and a few martensite phases. The boride phases of the hypoeutectic steel are based mainly on the Fe2B phase. With the increasing of the boron content, the Fe2B phase is decreased. When the boron content is excess 2.6wt.%, the boride phases are changed from the single Fe2B phase to the compoun
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22

Chen, Hui, and Xiaoxin Zou. "Intermetallic borides: structures, synthesis and applications in electrocatalysis." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 7, no. 11 (2020): 2248–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qi00146e.

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This review summarizes structural features and recent synthesis methods of structurally ordered intermetallic borides, and the theoretical–experimental advances in the emerging boride-catalyzed reactions.
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23

Muhammad Yusof, Khalissah, Bulan Abdullah, Mohd Faizul Idham, and Nor Hayati Saad. "The Effects on Microstructure and Hardness of 0.28% Vanadium and 0.87% Nickel Alloyed Ductile Iron after Boronizing Process." Key Engineering Materials 740 (June 2017): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.740.65.

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Boronizing/boriding is a thermo mechanical process which produced protective surface layers to enhance the performance of engineering components utilized in mechanical, wear and corrosion. The present study investigate the microstructure and the hardness of boride layers formed on 0.28% Vanadium and 0.87% Nickel alloyed ductile iron after boronizing process. Specimens were boronized at 950° C for 6, 8 and 10 hours holding time before being cooled in the furnace. The microstructure and boride layer formed on the surface of substrates were observed under Olympus BX60 Optical Microscope. Vickers
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24

Cai, Wei, Jiayao Deng, Huimin Lu, and Yuan Cao. "Performance of metal borides as anode in metal boride-air battery." Materials Chemistry and Physics 251 (September 2020): 123101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123101.

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25

Sen, Saduman, Ibrahim Ozbek, Uğur Sen, and Cuma Bindal. "Mechanical behavior of borides formed on borided cold work tool steel." Surface and Coatings Technology 135, no. 2-3 (2001): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(00)01064-1.

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26

Zakaryan, D. A., V. V. Kartuzov, and A. V. Khachatryan. "Theoretical Strength of Borides and Quasibinary Boride Eutectics at High Temperatures." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 54, no. 3-4 (2015): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11106-015-9701-z.

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27

Eremin, E. N., A. S. Losev, and S. A. Borodikhin. "Wear Resistance and Characteristics of the Friction Surface of Metal Coatings with Nitride-Boride Alloying." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.861.

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The wear resistance and characteristics of the friction surface of metal coatings with nitride-boride alloying are investigated. The object of the study was the steel deposited with flux-cored wire containing 15% chromium, 0.5% boron nitride, 1.25% titanium di-boride and 0,5% zirconium di-boride. It was established that the average value of the relative wear per test was 0.00416 g/m, which is 1.8 times less than that of the coating metal without borides. The average value of linear wear was 0.0122 mm/m, which is 1,9 times less than that of the coating metal without borides. The average value o
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28

Hernández-Sanchez, E., A. Chino-Ulloa, J. C. Velazquez, H. Herrera-Hernández, R. Velázquez-Mancilla, and R. Carrera-Espinoza. "Effect of Relative Humidity on the Tribological Properties of Self-Lubricating H3BO3Films Formed on the Surface of Steel Suitable for Biomedical Applications." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/436597.

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The effect of environmental humidity on the self-lubricating properties of a thin film of boric acid (H3BO3) was evaluated. H3BO4films were successfully formed on the surface of AISI 316L steel. The study was conducted on AISI 316L steel because of its use in biomedical applications. First, the samples were exposed to boriding to generate a continuous surface layer of iron borides. The samples were then exposed to a short annealing process (SAP) at 1023 K for 5 min and cooled to room temperature while controlling the relative humidity (RH). Five different RH conditions were tested. The purpose
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29

Zhukov, Ilya, Alexander Vorozhtsov, Vladimir Promakhov, Yana Dubkova, Alexander Zhukov, and Anton Khrustalev. "Powders of metal borides obtained by the SHS method and low-temperature plasma." MATEC Web of Conferences 243 (2018): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824300015.

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This paper introduces principle possibility of producing aluminum and titanium boride predetermined morphology using the SHS method and plasma processing. Thermal analysis data for synthesized boride powders in comparison with boron powder and nano-sized aluminum are presented It was found that the synthesized metal borides, according to the thermal analysis data, are promising as a fuel in high-energy materials: the oxidation state of AlB2 is ~ 80%, at a degree of boron oxidation ~ 20%, aluminum ~ 67%.
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Shevchuk, E. P., V. A. Plotnikov, and G. S. Bektasova. "Boron Diffusion in Steel 20." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 1(111) (March 6, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)1-08.

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As is known, boriding is carried out to increase the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of iron-carbon alloys. Along with high hardness, borides, unfortunately, have very high fragility and high refractoriness. An effective way to counter the fragility of boride layers is to form a composite structure consisting of inclusions of solid borides in a more plastic matrix. Such coatings can be obtained by volumetric heating in a muffle furnace using a boron paste that besides a mixture of iron and boron powders contained ammonium hydroxide and activated carbon with or without liquid glass. Bo
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31

Aktaş, Bülent, Mehmet Toprak, Adnan Çalık, and Ali Tekgüler. "Effect of pack-boriding on the tribological behavior of Hardox 450 and HiTuf Steels." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 59, no. 1 (2020): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0030.

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AbstractIn this study, Hardox 450 and HiTuf steels were boronized by pack-boriding method at 800, 900, and 1000∘C for 5 h. The phases, microstructure, hardness, and wear behavior of boride layers formed on the surface of samples were investigated using XRD, SEM, Micro-Vickers hardness testers, and a pin-on-disc tribotester, respectively. XRD analysis showed that both FeB and Fe2B phases were formed in the borided area of Hardox 450 steel, but only Fe2B phase occurred in the boride layer of the HiTuf steel. Micro-Vickers hardness results indicated that the hardness values of the boride layer de
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32

Azouani, O., M. Keddam, A. Brahimi, and A. Sehisseh. "Diffusion kinetics of boron in the X200CrMoV12 high-alloy steel." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 51, no. 1 (2015): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb140404009a.

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In this work, the kinetics of formation of the boride layers (FeB/Fe2B), formed on the X200CrMoV12 steel used for the coldworking, was investigated. The boriding treatment was carried out in the powder mixture consisting of 5%B4C, 5% NaBF4 and 90% SiC. The boriding parameters are : 900, 950 and 1000?C with treatment times of 2, 4 and 6 h. The obtained borided layers (FeB/Fe2B) were characterized by the following experimental techniques: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled to EDS analysis and XRD analysis. The kinetics of boron diffusion in the X200CrMoV12 steel was also st
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33

PERTEK-OWSIANNA, Aleksandra. "THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF IRON ALLOYS WITH VARIOUS CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AFTER DIFFUSIONAL BORONIZING." Tribologia, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5905.

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The purpose of the paper was to test how the content of carbon and alloying elements in steels influence the structure and properties of boronized layers. The following grades of steels were used during the tests: C45, C99U, 41Cr4, 42CrMo4, 45SG, 50HS, 60G, and 102Cr6. In the process of boronizing, the two-phase layer of borides of FeB and Fe2B were obtained on the tested steels with a hardness from 1900 HV0.1 for boride FeB to 1600 HV0.1 for Fe2B, irrespective of the chemical composition of the core/substrate. As the kontent of carbon and alloying elements in steels increase, the structure of
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34

Aselage, T. L. "The coexistence of silicon borides with boron-saturated silicon: Metastability of SiB3." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 7 (1998): 1786–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0252.

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The silicon-rich end of the Si-B phase diagram, defining the silicon boride(s) that coexist in equilibrium with boron-saturated silicon, is poorly known. Understanding this equilibrium has implications for the processing of p+ silicon wafers, whose boron concentrations are near the solubility limit. Additionally, silicon boride precipitates produced by boron-ion-implantation and annealing of crystalline silicon have recently been shown to be efficient internal getters of transition metal ions. The experiments described in this paper probe the stability of these silicon borides. A phase with a
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35

Shi, Ye Ting, Zhen Duo Cui, Xu Bo Yuan, and Xian Jin Yang. "Effects of Boriding on Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Ti6Al4V Alloy." Key Engineering Materials 573 (September 2013): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.573.61.

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A pack boriding technique was employed to obtain a hard coating on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy in this paper. The microstructure, surface appearance, hardness depth profile and the cavitation erosion behavior of the borided samples in 3.5% NaCl solution were examined. The cavitation erosion resistance of the borided samples was significantly improved as compared with the untreated samples. Increasing in the surface hardness and the compact boride layer contribute to the significantly enhanced cavitation erosion performance of Ti6Al4V alloy.
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Kartal Sireli, G., C. Yelkarasi, P. Ozkalafat, S. Timur, and M. Urgen. "Enhanced Surface Hardness by Boron Diffusion in Martensitic Stainless Steel via Cathodic Reduction and Thermal Diffusion Based Boriding (CRTD-Bor)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.25.

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In this study, a developed new boriding method called as “Cathodic Reduction and Thermal Diffusion based Boriding” (CRTD-Bor) was applied to increase the surface hardness of 400 series steels. The cross-sectional examination of borided steel revealed that the boride layers consisted of single phase Fe2B. A dense and continuously 25μm thick Fe2B layer could be formed after 20 minutes of CRTD-Bor. The grown boride layer exhibited 1500±200 HV on top, and gradually decreased to the matrix (325 ± 25 HV).
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37

Xu, Xiang Jun, Jun Pin Lin, and Yan Li Wang. "Titanium Boride in High Nb Containing TiAl Alloy: Morphology and Effect on Mechanical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 1121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.1121.

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The morphology of titanium boride in as-cast and as-forged Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W, B, Y) alloy containing 0.2at. % boron and the effect of borides on tensile and creep properties of the alloy are investigated. The results show that in as-cast alloy the morphology of boride appears mainly convoluted ribbons with some flakes and particles. With the extent of forging increases, the length of the ribbons decreases and their distribution is more uniform. The long ribbon in as-cast alloy is detrimental to tensile properties at both room temperature (RT) and high temperatures. The short ribbon in as-forged
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38

Pashechko, Mykhaylo, Krzysztof Dziedzic, and Jerzy Jozwik. "Analysis of Wear Resistance of Borided Steel C45." Materials 13, no. 23 (2020): 5529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13235529.

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The wear resistance of diffusion coatings in conditions of specific pressures of 3, 7 and 10 MPa was studied. The boride coatings were prepared by means of diffusion methods using C45 steel as the substrate material. Research on the microstructure and redistribution of chemical elements on wear surface of a borided layer was carried out. It was found that the boride coatings should be used under a specific pressure of 7 MPa. It was found that the wear of friction couple coating of steel C45 under specific pressure of 3 MPa proceeds according to the oxidation wear mechanism, while under specifi
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39

Allaoui, Omar, and Lakhdar Taleb. "Fatigue and Cyclic Behavior of 304L Stainless Steel in the Presence of Boriding Surface Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 703 (August 2016): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.703.106.

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In this work, we will study the cyclic behavior (tension-compression under strain control) and the fatigue of 304L austenitic SS after application of a boriding thermochemical treatment. 304L specimens was borided in a solid medium at 900 °C for 4 hours. The phase analysis of boride layers formed at the surface was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results show that the layers formed on 304L steel contained the following boride phases FeB, Fe2B, CrB, Cr2B, NiB and Ni2B. The fatigue tests show th
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40

Campos-Silva, Ivan, M. Ortíz-Domínguez, José Martínez-Trinidad, et al. "Properties and Characterization of Hard Coatings Obtained by Boriding: An Overview." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 1284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.1284.

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Some physicochemical and mechanical properties of surface hard coatings obtained by the paste-boriding process are summarized in this work. Different grades of borided ferrous alloys were used to develop the formation of surface layers type Fe2B or FeB/Fe2B. Furthermore, in order to characterize the nature of boride layers, some classical techniques are presented and discussed such as Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GDOES), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and estimation of residual stresses by X-Ray Diffraction method. Also, the morphology of borided interfaces was evaluated by con
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41

Liu, Jing, Guo Liang Xie, Ke Zhang, and Jing Tao Han. "Shield Performance of High Boron Alloyed Stainless Steel Composite Plate." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.651.

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The shield thermal neutron performance of two high boron alloyed stainless steel composite plates(HBASSCP) was studied by the method of neutron beam transmission of neutron source reactor. The testing results indicate that the shield performance of the composite material is heavily affected by the size and distribution of the boride. Although the radiationresistance of high boron alloyed stainless steel increases with boron content, but blocky and sparse hypereutectic boride will appear in matrix when boron content is high (more than 3%), and these borides are difficult to be broken during hot
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42

Campos-Silva, I., O. Franco-Raudales, J. A. Meda-Campaña, F. P. Espino-Cortés, and J. C. Acosta-Pavón. "Growth Kinetics of CoB–Co2B Layers Using the Powder-Pack Boriding Process Assisted by a Direct Current Field." High Temperature Materials and Processes 38, no. 2019 (2019): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp-2018-0013.

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AbstractNew results about the growth kinetics of CoB–Co2B layers developed at the surface of CoCrMo alloy using the powder-pack boriding process assisted by a direct current field (PBDCF) were estimated in this work. The PBDCF was conducted at temperatures of 1048 – 1148 K with different exposure times for each temperature, whereas the growth kinetics of the cobalt boride layers was modelled using a system of two differential equations. In addition, indentation properties such as hardness, Young’s modulus and residual stresses were estimated along the depth of the borided CoCrMo surface. The g
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43

Mascioto, María de los Ángeles. "Borges as editor." Anclajes 22, no. 2 (2018): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/anclajes-2018-2224.

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44

Alshammari, Aiyad. "أمن الحدود". Security Policy Paper 2, № 1 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/mnce2621.

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45

Turkoglu, Turker, and Irfan Ay. "Analysis of boride layer thickness of borided AISI 430 by response surface methodology." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 9, no. 3 (2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2019.00660.

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The boriding process is a thermochemical surface treatment which can be applied to many iron and non-ferrous materials and improves the properties of the material such as hardness, wear resistance. In the present study, the layer thickness values of the boronized AISI 430 material were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology. Mathematical model was constructed using parameters such as temperature and time and the results were analyzed comparatively. As a result of the analysis, the optimum layer thickness value for AISI 430 material was obtained as 39.0183 µm for 1000 ºC and 5.9h and
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46

Campos-Silva, Ivan, M. Ortíz-Domínguez, E. Hernández-Sánchez, et al. "Fracture Indentation on AISI 1018 Borided Steels." Key Engineering Materials 449 (September 2010): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.449.9.

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Fracture indentation was applied to estimate the fracture toughness of AISI 1018 borided steels. The Fe2B hard layers were formed using the powder-pack boriding process for two temperatures with 4 and 8 h of exposure times. The fracture toughness of the iron boride layer of the AISI 1018 borided steels was estimated using a Vickers microindentation induced-fracture testing at distances of 15 and 30 m from the surface, applying four loads (0.49, 0.98, 1.96 and 2.9 N). The microcracks generated at the corners of the Vickers microindentation were considered as experimental parameters, which are
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47

Gulevsky, V. A., S. N. Tsurikhin, S. V. Barabanov, Yu V. Blinov, and M. I. Popov. "BORIDE HARDENING OF FOAM METAL BASED ON ALUMINUM." IZVESTIA VOLGOGRAD STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 4(239) (April 22, 2020): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35211/1990-5297-2020-4-239-75-79.

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The possibility of additional hardening of foam aluminum by metal borides, hardening phases, which create an additional hardening frame in the matrix of cast aluminum, is shown. The increase in the strength of the aluminum frame and the entire composite material as a whole with the introduction of the boride component increases by 1.4 times.
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48

Lopez-Perrusquia, N., M. A. Doñu-Ruiz, Victor Cortes Suarez, D. Sánchez-Huitron, E. Y. Vargas-Oliva, and I. J. Perez Montes De Oca. "Evaluation Hard Layers in Steel AISI 8620." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2055–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2055.

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In the present study, identify the fracture toughness and strength adhesion of borided layers in Steel AISI 8620 by boriding dehydrated paste. The formation of the borided at a temperature range of 1173, 1223 and 1273 K for 4, 6 and 8 h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed peak of FeB, Fe2B, MoB and CrB and The distribution of alloying elements was detected by means of energy dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), the Fracture toughness of the layers is estimated at 15 and 30 um from surface using different loads indentation Vickers, using Palmqvist crack model, the adherence of the layer/substrate wa
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49

Li, Z. X., Xia Huang, L. C. Qi та Chun Xiao Cao. "Beneficial Effects of Boron Addition into γ-TiAl Alloys". Materials Science Forum 539-543 (березень 2007): 1451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1451.

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The beneficial effects of boron addition on microstructure transformations and mechanical properties of γ-TiAl alloys were investigated. Two growth mechanisms of boride (TiB2) in γ-TiAl alloy were confirmed, the curved flaky borides are products of irregular eutectic reaction growing coupled with matrix, while some faceted blocky borides in boron-rich alloy are primary TiB2 phase growing directly in melt. The core of flaky TiB2 is ultra-fine B2 phase and there has an orientation relationship [1210] TiB2//[001]B2, (1010) //(010)B2. In addition to the well-known grain refinement effect, boron ad
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50

Ortiz-Domínguez, Martin, Mourad Keddam, Milton Elias-Espinosa, et al. "Characterization and boriding kinetics of AISI T1 steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 1 (2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018081.

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The AISI T1 steel was hardened by the solid boriding process in the temperature range 1123–1273 K for a time duration of 2 to 8 h. A kinetic model, based on the integral method, was applied to the growth of a single boride layer (Fe2B) at the surface of AISI T1 steel. This diffusion model has been validated experimentally by considering two additional boriding conditions. A numerical solution was then obtained after solving the set of differential algebraic equations in order to compare the experimental thicknesses of Fe2B layers with the predicted values. The activation energy for boron diffu
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