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Journal articles on the topic 'Born 1907'
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1
Masurel, N., and R. A. Heijtin. "Recycling of H1N1 influenza A virus in man — a haemagglutinin antibody study." Journal of Hygiene 90, no. 3 (June 1993): 397–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022172400029028.
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SUMMARYSera from people born between 1883 and 1930 and collected in 1977 were tested for the presence of HI antibodies to A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) virus and three recently (1977 and 1978) isolated influenza A-H1N1 viruses. The highest frequency of high-titred antibody to the four H1N1 viruses was detected in sera from people born in 1903–4, i.e. 42,54,38, and 22% had antibody against A/FM/1/47, A/Hong Kong/117/77, A/Brazil/11/78, and A/Fukushima/103/78 respectively. The birthdate groups 1896–1907 showed a higher percentage of HI antibody titres ≥18, ≥50, ≥100 or ≥1600 against the four H1N1 viruses than the birthdate groups 1907–30. This indicates the existence of an era, 1908–18, in which, apart from the H3N2 virus (1900–18), the H1N1 virus was epidemic among the human population.
2
Karlsson, Peter, Boo Johansson, Ingmar Skoog, Johan Skoog, Lina Rydén, and Valgeir Thorvaldsson. "Cohort Differences in the Association of Cardiovascular Risk and Cognitive Aging." GeroPsych 31, no. 4 (December 2018): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000198.
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Abstract. Aim: To investigate birth cohort differences in associations between cardiovascular risk and fluid cognition between the age of 70 and 79. Method: Data were drawn from representative population-based cohort samples (H70), born 1901–1902, 1906–1907, and 1930, measured at ages 70, 75, and 79 on fluid cognitive measures (spatial ability and logical reasoning). The Framingham Risk Score (FRS), derived from office-based nonlaboratory predictors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, BMI, smoking, diabetes status), was used to measure cardiovascular risk. Multiple-group latent growth curve models were fitted to the data. Findings: Estimates revealed small associations between the FRS and fluid cognition. These associations were slightly reduced in the 1930 cohort. Conclusion: Findings suggest diminishing adverse effects of cardiovascular risk on cognitive aging in cohorts born later.
3
Alekseev, B. N., and A. B. Alekseev. "The teacher of red commanders By the 160th anniversary of the birth of Professor Emeritus, military geodesist V. V. Vitkovskiy." Geodesy and Cartography 921, no. 3 (April 20, 2017): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-921-3-52-56.
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By 160-th anniversary from birthday of Professor Emeritus of geodesy, honorary doctor of geodesy and astronomy of Kazan University, Lieutenant General of the Russian army Vasily Vasilyevich Vitkowski. V. Vitkowski was born on 1 Sep 1856. In 1975 he Graduated from Military engineering school, in 1885 he graduated from the geodetic division of the Academy of the General Staff. Shortly after graduating from the Academy and Pulkovo practices V. Vitkowski was assigned to shoot the North-West of the Empire, where 5 years acquired considerable practical experience useful to him in subsequent scientific and pedagogical activities in the Military-topographic College (1889–1907) and the Military-topographic school (1918–1923), in the geodesic Department of the Military Academy (1897–1918) in the geodesic Department of the Military engineering Academy (1919–1924),in addition, Vladimir Vitkowski taught in civilian institutions of higher education in Electrotechnical Institute (1893–1901), at the Polytechnic Institute (1907–1908) and in the Women’s pedagogical Institute (1914–1915), compiling printed works. Saw the light of the following publications
4
Taylor, Selwyn. "Surgery for exophthalmic goitre in Australia, 1907." Gesnerus 49, no. 2 (November 27, 1992): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-04902009.
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Thomas Dunhill 1876—1957, Australian born surgeon (Melbourne 1907—1914 and London 1920—1941) performed partial thyroidectomy for exophthalmic goitre using Th. Kocher’s method of local anaesthesia on seven consecutive severely toxic patients in 1907 with a successfull outcome in all seven. A brief outline of the life and achievements of Thomas Dunhill is appended.
5
Bruckner, Éva. "Alexander Béla (1857-1916), a magyar radiológia „nagy embere” emlékezete halála 105. évfordulóján." Kaleidoscope history 11, no. 22 (2021): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.22.343-362.
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Béla Alexander, born in the historical Upper Hungary (Slovakia today) dedicated his whole life to X-rays discovered by Conrad Röntgen. After medical school graduation, he was known as a poet and a community activist as well. For more than ten years he was treating indigent people in Késmárk (Kežmarok today) in the daylight time and experimented with X-rays during the nights. Although Alexander gained an international reputation for his X-ray images and studies, made and written about upper and lower limbs’ bones, the scientific value of his stereoscopic X-rays was argued in Hungarian academic circles. Due to his successful struggles, Alexander moved up the career ladder in the capital Budapest from 1907. Milestones of his career: director of the X-ray lab between 1906 and 1907, then the director of the University Institute for X-rays between 1907 and 1916, which was established on his former X-ray lab.) After his death caused by X-rays, directors of the Institute continued Alexander’s work between the two World Wars.
6
Armellin Secchi, Giovanna. "I non eroi di Carlo Cassola." Revista de Filología y Lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica 25, no. 1 (August 30, 2015): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rfl.v25i1.20523.
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Carlo Cassola nació en Roma en 1907 y vivió en Toscana. Esta región se convirtió en el espacio donde se desarrollan sus novelas. Además, en sus trabajos se narra sobre personas comunes y sus problemas cotidianos, en un marco de problemas sociopolíticos. Carlo Cassola was born in Rome in 1907, and lived in Toscana. This region inspired him and not only he lived there, but also Toscana became the stage of his novels. Ordinary people and their daily problems are the aim, although sociopolitical problems are usually the frame of his literary works.
7
Złotkowski, Dariusz. "Stanisław Keturakis – Litwin w służbie rosyjskiej oświaty na terenie guberni piotrkowskiej w latach 1895–1914." Biuletyn Historii Wychowania, no. 42 (March 15, 2020): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bhw.2020.42.8.
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At the end of the 19th century, the teaching profession was the aspiration of many peasant sons. The position of a teacher ensured a modest but quite stable income. A Lithuanian, born in 1989, Stanislaw Keturakis, was one of graduates of the Teachers’ College in Wejwery near Kaunas. This institution offered a state scholarship. In return for this financial help, its graduates had to accept posts in primary schools determined by educational authorities. A few graduates of this school, mostly Lithuanians, were sent to work in village schools of Piotrków province. One of them, Stanislaw Keturakis, began his first teaching job in a school in Jedlno. He was confronted with difficult living conditions, the school was only planned to be built. At this time, he married Józefa Birsztejn and they had two sons: Eugeniusz Józef (1901) and Zdzisław Aleksander (1904). Peasants perceived teachers as tsarist officials. In 1901, S. Keturakis was transferred to Mstów, to work as a teacher, then to Wancerzów, and again back to Jedlno. Taking over a position of a teacher in Zagórze (1907) was clearly a promotion. The school belonged to the private property of Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, a brother of Emperor Nicholas II. The last stage of S. Keturakis’s teaching career was his work in a school in Zagórze. Working there in the years 1907–1914, he taught Russian, Polish, Arithmetic, History and Geography. At the end of the summer 1914, he got an opportunity to take over the post of the forester’s assistant in Orłow province, but the outbreak of the war made it impossible. Lack of any sources does not allow us to determine what the further life of Stanislaw Keturakis was like.
8
Maver, Igor. "Slovene poetry in the U.S.A.: the case of Ivan Zorman." Acta Neophilologica 32 (December 1, 1999): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.32.0.77-84.
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Ivan Zorman was both a musician and a poet, born in 1889 in Šmarje near Grosuplje and died in 1957 in Cleveland (Ohio). In 1893 his family emigrated to the United States of America, first to Ely, Calumet, Cleveland and then to some other American towns. After a brief return to Slovenia in 1898/9, where Zorman attended elementary school in Velesovo near Kranj, they finally settled down in 1904 in Cleveland. In 1907 Zorman took up the study of modern languages (English, French and Italian), history and music at Western Reserve University and graduated only in music in 1912. For a number of years, during 1908 and 1956, he was chief organist and choir leader (like his father) at the parish church of Sv. Lovrenc in Newburgh near Cleveland. During 1920 and 1925 he was professional director of the "Zorman Philharmonic". Not only was he known as a musician, he was very much present in the public life of the Slovene community living in Cleveland, as the enthusiastic teacher of Slovene literature in the Slovene school of the "Slovenski narodni dom", as a poet, translator and public speaker.
9
Maver, Igor. "Slovene poetry in the U.S.A.: the case of Ivan Zorman." Acta Neophilologica 32 (December 1, 1999): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.32.1.77-84.
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Ivan Zorman was both a musician and a poet, born in 1889 in Šmarje near Grosuplje and died in 1957 in Cleveland (Ohio). In 1893 his family emigrated to the United States of America, first to Ely, Calumet, Cleveland and then to some other American towns. After a brief return to Slovenia in 1898/9, where Zorman attended elementary school in Velesovo near Kranj, they finally settled down in 1904 in Cleveland. In 1907 Zorman took up the study of modern languages (English, French and Italian), history and music at Western Reserve University and graduated only in music in 1912. For a number of years, during 1908 and 1956, he was chief organist and choir leader (like his father) at the parish church of Sv. Lovrenc in Newburgh near Cleveland. During 1920 and 1925 he was professional director of the "Zorman Philharmonic". Not only was he known as a musician, he was very much present in the public life of the Slovene community living in Cleveland, as the enthusiastic teacher of Slovene literature in the Slovene school of the "Slovenski narodni dom", as a poet, translator and public speaker.
10
Lee, Sabine. "Rudolf Ernst Peierls. 5 June 1907 — 19 September 1995." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 53 (January 2007): 265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2007.0003.
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Born into an assimilated Jewish family in Berlin in the early twentieth century, Rudolf Peierls studied theoretical physics with many of the greatest minds within the physics community, including Sommerfeld, Heisenberg, Pauli and Bohr. His Jewish background made a career in Germany all but impossible, and Rudolf Peierls and his Russian–born wife, Genia, settled in the UK, where Peierls took up a professorship in mathematical physics at Birmingham in 1937. Peierls's discovery, together with his Birmingham colleague Otto Frisch, of the theoretical feasibility of an atomic weapon based on a self–sustaining nuclear chain reaction was instrumental in the setting up of the UK government committee studying the possibility of manufacturing nuclear weapons. Peierls continued to contribute to the British and later to the British–American–Canadian effort to produce an atomic bomb, and he became group leader of the implosion group at Los Alamos. After the war Peierls returned to the UK and he built a world–class school of theoretical physics at Birmingham before moving on to Oxford in 1963. Like many of his colleagues who had contributed to the development of nuclear weapons, Peierls devoted much of his time and energy to the control of these weapons, to nuclear disarmament and to the promotion of greater understanding between East and West, most notably through his activities within the framework of the Pugwash Movement.
11
Mestel, Leon, and Bernard E. J. Pagel. "William Hunter McCrea. 13 December 1904 — 25 April 1999." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 53 (January 2007): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2007.0005.
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Sir William Hunter (‘Bill’) McCrea (1904–99), astrophysicist and relativist, was born on 13 December 1904 in Dublin, the elder son and eldest child of Robert Hunter McCrea (1877–1956), a schoolmaster, and Margaret née Hutton (1879–1962). His parents, of Irish stock, were brought up as strict nonconformists, but by the age of 18 years, while at Cambridge, Bill had become a confirmed Anglican, a faith he retained all his life. By 1907 the family had moved to Chesterfield, Derbyshire, where Bill attended first the Central (elementary) School and then the Grammar School, from which he won an entrance scholarship in mathematics to Trinity College, Cambridge. He read for the Mathematics Tripos, becoming a Wrangler in 1926. He specialized in those branches of mathematical physics that were stimulating exciting research at Cambridge, and after graduating he began research as one of the many pupils of R. H. (later Sir Ralph) Fowler FRS (to whom he paid warm tribute on his centenary in 1989).
12
Pierpoint, W. S. "Norman Wingate Pirie. 1 July 1907 — 29 March 1997." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 45 (January 1999): 397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1999.0027.
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Norman Wingate (Bill) Pirie was the third and youngest child of George (later Sir George) Pirie, and his wife Jean. His brother, George Harvey, was five years older than he was and his sister, Jean, was two years older. He spent most of his early, formative years in their company in a spacious family house at Wardend, near Torrance in Stirlingshire. From this industrious and closely knit family and the rather isolated rural background he derived many of his characteristics: his robust independence and self-reliance, his frugality and unacquisitiveness and his critical curiosity about the natural world. He was, however, born in Midhurst, Sussex,during a visit south in July 1907.
13
Lunacharsky, Anatoly. "‘The Last Great Bourgeois’: on the Plays of Henrik Ibsen." New Theatre Quarterly 10, no. 39 (August 1994): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00000531.
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The death of Ibsen in 1906 prompted a number of appraisals of the dramatist by Marxist critics, notably Clara Zetkin, Henrietta Roland-Holst, and George Plekhanov. The most extended of these was Anatoly Lunacharsky's article, ‘Ibsen and the Petty Bourgeoisie’, published in three parts in Obrazovanie, St. Petersburg, Nos. 5–7 (June-August 1907). The central section, ‘Ibsen's Dramas’, is printed below. Born in the Ukraine in 1875, Lunacharsky became a Marxist in his teens and joined the Moscow Social Democrat group in 1899. Arrested for his political activities, he was exiled to Northern Russia, where he wrote his first theoretical treatise, An Essay in Positive Aesthetics. In 1903 he joined the Bolsheviks, but broke with Lenin after 1905, having identified himself with the so-called ‘God-seeking’ tendency. Following the fall of Tsarism in 1917 Lunacharsky rejoined the Bolsheviks, and after the October Revolution he was appointed to Lenin's first ‘Cabinet’ as Commissar for Enlightenment, a post embracing the arts and education. Exceptionally, he retained this position up until 1930, when he became one of the Soviet Union's two representatives to the League of Nations. He died in 1933, shortly before he was due to become Soviet ambassador to Spain. Lunacharsky's published output runs to some 1,500 articles, embracing philosophy, aesthetics, and theoretical and critical writings on all the arts. He also wrote a number of plays, including Faust and the City (1918) and Oliver Cromwell (1920). He was an intellectual of wide erudition and acute critical perception, balancing respect for the old and the traditional with encouragement for the new and the inconoclastic. As Commissar for Enlightenment, he did much to defend the early avant garde's freedom to experiment, making the Soviet Union a power-house of artistic innovation.
14
Prijac, Lukian. "Déborah Lifszyc (1907–1942): Ethnologue et linguiste (de Gondär à Auschwitz)." Aethiopica 11 (April 26, 2012): 148–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.11.1.153.
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Déborah Lifszyc, a Polish Jewish born in Russia, French naturalized in 1937, was ethnologist and linguist, an one of those least known figures ignored of the 30’s in Ethiopian Studies. A member of the Dakar–Djibouti mission in 1932, she follows Marcel Griaule in a 1935 mission in Sudan. Michel Leiris’s friend, she worked with him on the zars and the interpretation of amulets. A founding member of the Musée de l’Homme in Trocadéro, she joins the French resistance in the network of the same name. Arrested by the French police in 1942, she was deported to Auschwitz where she died.
15
Alexeevich, Andreev Alexander, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Andrey Gavrilovic Rusanov – the first Chairman of the Voronezh medical surgical society (to the 145th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 12, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-3-207-207.
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Andrew G. Rusanov (03.02.1874–9.10.1949) was born on 3 February 1874 in the city of Ostrogozhsk of the Voronezh province. Andrey Gavrilovich graduated from the 1st Voronezh classical gymnasium with a silver medal and the medical faculty of Moscow University (1989). In 1900 he passed the test for a senior doctor of medicine and in 1902 became a Zemstvo doctor and then head of hospitals in the Penza and Ekaterinoslav provinces. Andrey Gavrilovich Rusanov moved to Voronezh in January 1907 and took the position of senior doctor of the provincial Department and surgeon of the provincial hospital (1907-1919), organized and headed the Voronezh medical surgical society, created a paramedic and obstetric school. In 1912, Rusanov prepared and defended his doctoral thesis. In 1918, Rusanov Was elected head of the hospital surgical clinic of the Voronezh state medical Institute. During the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945 he worked in the hospitals of Voronezh, Tambov and Ulyanovsk. In December 1943 he returned to Voronezh and again headed the Department of hospital surgery. In Voronezh, he was the first to do an appendectomy, the surgery to children about brain herniation, successfully produced orthopedic intervention, first in the USSR made a successful resection of the stomach about a perforated ulcer. One of the first to apply bestmoney method of treatment of wounds. A. G. Rusanov the author of over 70 scientific papers, 3 monographs, under his leadership were defended 3 doctor's and 19 candidate's theses. Rusanov was awarded the Order of the red banner of labor and medals. In 1946 he was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In 1949, Andrey Gavrilovich died. A. G. Rusanov named lane in Voronezh (1962). In the state archive of the Voronezh region there is a personal Fund of Rusanov (P-2980). Memorial plaques are devoted to it: on buildings of the 2nd and 3rd city hospitals of the city of Voronezh.
16
Cho, Jinmyoung, Peter Martin, Jennifer Margrett, Maurice MacDonald, Leonard W. Poon, and Mary Ann Johnson. "Cohort comparisons in resources and functioning among centenarians: Findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study." International Journal of Behavioral Development 36, no. 4 (June 7, 2012): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025412439967.
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The purpose of this study was to examine cohort comparisons in levels of resources (e.g., mental health, physical functioning, economic and social resources, and cognitive functioning) for 211 community-dwelling centenarians (whose Mini-Mental Status Examination score was 23 or higher) of phases I and III of the Georgia Centenarian Study. The earlier cohort was defined as those born between 1881 and 1895 (part of phase I) and the later cohort included persons born between 1901 and 1907 (part of phase III). Five specific domains were compared: mental health; mental status; physical functioning; social resources; and economic resources. Results showed that there were significant cohort comparisons in five domains: mental health; mental status; physical functioning; social networks; and economic resources. Findings suggest that the later centenarian cohort was more satisfied with life, felt less depressed, showed less positive or negative emotion, had higher scores on perceived economic status, and higher levels of physical and cognitive functioning when compared to the earlier cohort. In conclusion, our findings suggest that recent cohorts of centenarians may be better off than previous ones with respect to several areas of individual resources. This study suggests that, even as the number of centenarians increases and some proportion of centenarians experience severe deterioration at the end of their life, there are improvements of functioning, health, and overall life quality among advanced older adults.
17
Harpiah, Desi, Eva Syarifah Wardah, and Siti Fauziyah. "Peran Raden Ayu Lasminingrat dalam Mengembangkan Sekolah Keutamaan Istri Tahun 1907-1948." Tsaqofah 16, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/tsaqofah.v16i2.3158.
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In the field of education, ethical politics has opened the way for indigenous people to make changes. However, the implementation of ethical politics has not fully given women the freedom to get formal education, especially in the Priangan area especially in the Limbangan area, Garut, West Java. The situation of women after the implementation of the Ethical Politics, especially in the Priangan area, most of the women were still bound by ignorance. Therefore, there were women who were concerned about education for women during the Dutch Colonial period. one of the characters namely Raden Ayu Lasminingrat born in 1843 in Limbangan Garut Regency is Princess Hoofd Penghulu Limbangan Garut namely Raden Haji Muhammad Musa.
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Ludwig, Jörg. "New Sources for German Colonial History in Dresden." History in Africa 27 (January 2000): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172129.
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The Central state Archive in Dresden has recently acquired new archival material relating to Africa. Although of modest proportions, this material would certainly be of interest for specialized studies. It consists of two parts: records of the firm Hermann Schubert, and the papers of the German colonial politician Oskar Wilhelmn Stübel.Hermann Schubert's firm was established in 1862 as a small textile factory in Zittau. It grew rapidly and in the first third of the twentieth century assumed a leading role in the world market for sewing thread. In 1907, in collaboration with the colonial authorities of the German Reich, it established a cotton plantation in the Rufiji District of German East Africa (today southern Tanzania) known as Schuberthof. Partly due to a lack of experience in growing cotton, the plantation sustained considerable losses and was abandoned after World War I.Records concerning Schuberthof form part of the papers of the firm Hermann Schubert/VEB Textilwerke Zittau. They are of a fragmentary nature; all that has survived are reports of the plantation to the firm's headquarters for 1909, and documents relating to a visit of the firm's head to German East Africa in 1907. The latter includes travel notes, reports on conversations with Walter Rathenau and the secretary of State for Colonies, as well as glass plates with snapshots of a tourist nature.Oskar Wilhelm Stübel was born in Dresden in 1846. He studied at the universities of Leipzig, Berlin, and Heidelberg, obtained his doctorate in Leipzig, and entered the Saxon civil service.
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Catháin, Máirtin Ó. "‘No longer clad in corduroy’? The Glasgow University Irish National Club, 1907–1917." Scottish Historical Review 99, no. 2 (October 2020): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2020.0464.
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Unique among university clubs in Britain, the Glasgow University Irish National Club emerged before the first world war among mainly second generation, Scots-born Irish students to assist in the campaign for Irish home rule. It was a useful adjunct to the home rule movement and helped the Irish and mainly catholic students at the university carve out a niche for themselves firstly within the institution and thereafter in wider society. This reflected a growing Irish catholic middle class desirous of playing a greater role in Scottish public life during a time of great transition for the Irish in Scotland.
20
Padfield, G. D., and B. Lawrence. "The birth of the practical aeroplane: An appraisal of the Wright brothers' achievements in 1905." Aeronautical Journal 109, no. 1100 (October 2005): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000086474.
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Abstract In this second Aeronautical Journal paper providing a technical appraisal of the Wright brothers' achievements, the authors use modelling and simulation and associated flight dynamics analysis to present the development of the first practical aeroplane. The aircraft in question, the Wright Flyer III, was deemed fit for service by the Wrights in October 1905, and had evolved significantly from the first powered aircraft of 17 December 1903. The appraisal tries to shed light on many of the flight handling problems that the Wright brothers faced during this, their third phase of aeronautical endeavour, in 1904 and 1905. They retained their unstable configuration born in the 1901 and 1902 gliders, gradually refining the performance and handling until they considered the aircraft was ready for market. Their process of refinement has been reconstructed in simulation within the Liverpool Wright project, highlighting the many important developments during a period when Wilbur and Orville's own documentation was limited. Apart from their engineering excellence, the Wright brothers are to be acknowledged for their perseverance and resolve in overcoming setbacks, for their ability to innovate and to recover and learn from their mistakes. In many ways the Wright brothers represent a model for the modern aeronautical engineer, and it is hoped that their legacy will be better preserved through the documentation of this project.
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Padfield, G. D., and B. Lawrence. "The birth of the practical aeroplane: An appraisal of the Wright brothers’ achievements in 1905." Aeronautical Journal 109, no. 1098 (August 2005): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000192400000083x.
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Abstract In this second Aeronautical Journal paper providing a technical appraisal of the Wright brothers’ achievements, the authors use modelling and simulation and associated flight dynamics analysis to present the development of the first practical aeroplane. The aircraft in question, the Wright Flyer III, was deemed fit for service by the Wrights in October 1905, and had evolved significantly from the first powered aircraft of 17 December 1903. The appraisal tries to shed light on many of the flight handling problems that the Wright brothers faced during this, their third phase of aeronautical endeavour, in 1904 and 1905. They retained their unstable configuration born in the 1901 and 1902 gliders, gradually refining the performance and handling until they considered the aircraft was ready for market. Their process of refinement has been reconstructed in simulation within the Liverpool Wright project, highlighting the many important developments during a period when Wilbur and Orville’s own documentation was limited. Apart from their engineering excellence, the Wright brothers are to be acknowledged for their perseverance and resolve in overcoming setbacks, for their ability to innovate and to recover and learn from their mistakes. In many ways the Wright brothers represent a model for the modern aeronautical engineer, and it is hoped that their legacy will be better preserved through the documentation of this project.
22
Sainsbury, R. M. "Bertrand Arthur William Russell." Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 20 (March 1986): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00004144.
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Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), born in Trelleck, Wales, was the grandson of the first Earl Russell, who introduced the Reform Bill of 1832 and served as prime minister under Queen Victoria. He studied mathematics and philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, 1890–1894, was a Fellow of Trinity College, 1895–1901, a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1908, and was a lecturer in philosophy, 1910–1916. Among his publications in philosophy in this period were An Essay on the Foundations of Geometry (1897), A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz (1900), The Principles of Mathematics (1903), Principia Mathematica (with A. N. Whitehead, 1910–1913), The Problems of Philosophy (1912) and Our Knowledge of the External World (1914).
23
Dorigo, Jasmine Annette. "The first schoolbook for the Ladin schools: historical background and didactic description." Rivista di Storia dell’Educazione 7, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rse-9393.
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This article presents the first known schoolbook printed especially for the elementary schools in the Badia valley (Ladinia, South Tyrol). It is a bilingual textbook for the parallel teaching of the languages Italian and German, realized at the end of the 19th century, printed in two volumes in 1906 and 1907. Above all, the article examines the historical context, in which the book was born, deepening the so-called «Enneberger Schulstreit», the virulent conflict between 1870 and 1895 regarding the use and teaching of languages in the schools of the Badia valley. Then the two authors, the teachers Peter Detomaso and Remigio Antoniolli, are presented. The central part of the article consists in a comparison of the «Ladin» book with the declared model of the work, the «Metodo pratico» of Giovanni Dolinar. Linguistic aspects (e.g.: grammar, spelling, characters/writing types, readings, writing compositions) and didactic aspects (e.g.: aims and objectives, suggestions for the teacher, proposed didactic methodologies), as well as contents (e.g.: religious texts, civics texts and historical, geographical, scientific texts) and the global structure of the book, are studied in depth.
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Sidorov, Anatol. "Petro Stojan." Language Problems and Language Planning 35, no. 3 (December 31, 2011): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.35.3.04sid.
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The lexicographer and linguist Petro Evstafyevich Stojan was born in 1884 and began learning Esperanto in 1903. After studying in Odessa and a year’s stay in Paris, he took up residence in Saint Petersburg in 1907, where he became active in the Esperanto movement. In 1916, he and various other well-known linguists (including Jan Baudouin de Courtenay) established Kosmoglot, a group that explored various approaches to an international language and examined several planned languages, some of them created by members of the group, Stojan among them. At the time of the Russian Revolution, Stojan moved first to the Balkans, then to Switzerland, and finally to France. In Switzerland, with financial assistance from Alice Vanderbilt Morris, he compiled his Bibliography of International Language, the most complete such bibliography, still consulted today. In France he continued his study of Indo-European languages and peoples, developing his so-called Vindiana theory, which was rejected by scholars. He began to lead the life of a hermit, finally dying by his own hand in Nice in 1961.
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Schufle, Joseph A. "DUNCAN ARTHUR MACINNES, FOREMOST AMERICAN ELECTROCHEMIST." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 4, no. 4 (December 20, 1996): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v4.n4.1996.98_1996.pdf.
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Duncan Arthur Macinnes, one of the worlds outstanding electrochemists, was born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on Marah 3l, l885, and died on September 23, 1965. He graduated from the University of Utah with a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering in 1907 and obtained a Ph.D. degree in chemistry from the University of Illinois in 1911. He held positions mainly at M.I.T and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. His most important contributions deal with the determination of transference numbers by the moving boundary method, development of the glass electrode, and experimental confirmation of the Debye-Hllakel Theory.
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Hiralal, Kalpana. "JOSEPH DEVASAYAGEM ROYEPPEN (1871-1960): THE ANGLICAN, COLONIAL BORN POLITICAL ACTIVIST." Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae 42, no. 2 (December 8, 2016): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2412-4265/1083.
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This article documents the contributions of Joseph Royeppen, a colonial born Christian activist in South Africa at the turn of the century. Royeppen was a barrister, passive resister and a devout Christian. He was the first colonial born Indian to study law at Cambridge and played an important role in mobilising support for Indian grievances whilst in England. He participated in the first satyagraha campaign in South Africa and endured imprisonment. Yet in the vast corpus of historical literature on South Africans of Indian descent he is given minimal recognition. This paper seeks to rectify this omission by documenting his contributions to the first satyagraha campaign that occurred in the Transvaal between 1907-1911. Royeppen, in his fight against oppression and inequality, embraced multiple roles: an eloquent student, barrister, devout Christian, hawker, passive resister and labourer. He mediated among these varying roles and in the process highlighted not only strength in character but dignity in protest action. A colonial born Indian, he was highly critical of the colonial and British governments and challenged their attempts to deny citizenship rights to South Africans of Indian descent. Joseph Royeppen’s narrative is significant because it highlights the role and contributions of colonial born Indians, in particular the educated elite, to the early political struggles in South Africa. In many ways, they were an important, influential and active constituency in South Africa’s road to democracy.
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Mchedlov-Petrossyan, Nikolay O. "Nikolai Izmailov (1907-1961): An appreciation." Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, no. 7 (January 1, 2008): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20088007v.
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The International Conference on Modern Physical Chemistry for Advanced Materials was organized primarily to commemorate the centenary of the birth of Prof. Nikolai Izmailov and to pay tribute to his scientific achievements and legacy. Nikolai Arkadievich Izmailov was born in Sukhumi, in the southern region of the Russian Empire, on 22 June 1907. After his family moved to Kharkov (in Ukrainian: Kharkiv), he developed an early interest in chemistry and eventually enrolled as a Ph.D. student at Kharkov State University (at that time, it was called the Kharkov Institute of Public Education) in 1928. He initially conducted research into sorption of gases, under the guidance of Prof. Kosakevitch. Thereafter, he investigated the influence of salts on adsorption of organic molecules on water/air interface. He received his Ph.D. in 1937.From 1934, conducting his research at the University, he started a joint appointment at Kharkov Pharmaceutical Research Institute, and his independent scientific interests developed along two main directions, namely, static and dynamic properties of sorption from solutions and the influence of the solvent on dissociation of electrolytes. It was here that he collaborated with Maria Shraiber to introduce the "drop-chromatographic method" in 1938, which later became known as thin layer chromatography (TLC). This finding is widely recognized and acclaimed, and continues to play an essential role in everyday laboratory practice. At a time when one of the most promising methods of drug analysis was titrimetry, and in the course of his work at the Pharmaceutical Institute, Izmailov also became interested in using nonaqueous solvents for this purpose. He recognized that water is the most atypical of solvents, and tried to rationalize the origin of the then-novel concept of the differentiating influence of organic solvents on acid-base properties. Throughout the 1930s, Izmailov investigated the possibility of employing indicator electrodes, especially glass electrodes, in organic solvents.In 1944, Izmailov headed the Department of Physical Chemistry at the University. In his Sc.D. dissertation presented in 1948, as well as in his publications during the 1950s, he proposed a scheme of dissociation of electrolytes in solutions, which is recognized as probably the most complete. The main point, in respect to acids, was based on the idea of improving the fundamental but somewhat schematic Brønsted's theory, by considering solvation of all the equilibrium species. Just this viewpoint rationalized the differentiating action of solvents on the strength of acids (i.e., unequal changes in their dissociation constants). A seminal review published in 1950 bore the title of his dissertation, "The influence of solvents on the strength of acids", and presented a comprehensive and lucid classification of nonaqueous solvents according to the character of their levelling and differentiating influence on acids strength. He proposed the following groupings of solvents: (i) amphoteric, such as water and alcohols; (ii) mixtures of alcohols and dioxane with water; (iii) acidic solvents, such as formic, acetic, propionic acids, sulfuric acid and its mixtures with water, and liquid hydrogen halides; (iv) basic solvents, such as ammonia, hydrazine, pyridine, etc.; (v) aprotic solvents: benzene, chlorobenzene, etc.; (vi) "differentiating" solvents. The latter category, exemplified by nitriles, nitro compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and amides, had by then been known to differentiate strength of salts due to Walden's papers. Izmailov significantly elaborated this concept and adapted it to acids and bases, taking into consideration solvation effects. In fact, this significant group of solvents (vi) is now known as dipolar aprotic (A. Parker) or dipolar non-hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) solvents (F. Bordwell).In order to interpret the pKa shifts, the transfer activity coefficients of ions were divided into two parts. As a result, a general equation was proposed for the difference between the pKa in the organic solvent and in water, which included both the so-called Born term, already used by Brønsted, and the item reflecting other solvation effects. Actually, this was a unification of electrostatic approaches (Brønsted, Wynne-Jones, Gurney) and "chemical" theory of solvation (in the spirit of Mendeleyev and Kablukov).This was a decisive step toward the understanding of the multiplicity of solvent effects. In order to reveal the peculiarities of solvation of molecules, Izmailov compared interaction between acids (carboxylic acids and phenols) and alcohols on the one hand and ketones, nitriles, etc., on the other, using the "inert" solvents as media. Besides, Izmailov underlined the significance of degree of charge delocalization in conjugated anions (i.e., carboxylate and phenolate) with respect to alterations in the strength of corresponding acids in organic solvents; later, such ideas grew very popular. These concepts enabled the different changes in dissociation constants of acids belonging to the same "charge type" to be rationalized, but to different "chemical types" on going from water to organic solvents, despite Brønsted's theory, a general effect that had already been stressed by Verhoek. In Izmailov's scheme of electrolytic dissociation, the possibility of the existence of ion pairs between solvated proton and anion of the acid was foreseen. Indeed, he had even alluded to this in his dissertation completed in 1947. Accordingly, for dissociation of salts CA, the scheme not only took into account solvated species (C+A-)solv, free solvated ions C+solv, and Asolv, but postulated also associates of solvated ions, C+solvAsolv. The latter can be considered as a prototype of the so-called solvent-separated, or loose, or long ion pairs C+//A-.Izmailov and his associates continued studying acids, bases, and salts in alcohols, polar and nonpolar aprotic (non-HBD) solvents, acidic and basic solvents, mainly by potentiometry; the results of their exhaustive research were presented in a vast series of papers under the title "Thermodynamic properties of electrolytes in nonaqueous solutions" published in the Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, as well as in other publications. Izmailov proposed several new methods for estimating activity coefficients of ion transfer from water to nonaqueous solvents and Gibbs energy of ion solvation and generalized the concept of unique (unified) acidity scale in different solvents. The most monumental of Izmailov's contributions was the treatise "Electrochemistry of solvents", which was published in Russian in 1959. Most of the original sections of this voluminous 958-page work, devoted to the detailed scheme of electrolytic dissociation, differentiating action of solvents, solvation, etc., were completely reviewed in the excellent monograph of Shatenshtein, which was translated into English and thus became available to international readership. This major contribution is well known to those working in the field of solution chemistry and is still frequently cited.Izmailov also continued his early studies on the behavior of glass electrode in different solvents. He made a considerable contribution to the theory of physicochemical analysis. In Ukraine, Izmailov was one of the pioneers in the application of radioactive indicators to physical chemistry. The latter were used by him both for studying solubility and solvation of salts and to gain understanding of the response mechanism of glass electrodes. Izmailov was among the first who used Volta cells for determination of real solvation energies and activity coefficients of single ions. At the end of the 1950s, he applied quantum chemistry to estimate proton affinities and ionic solvation energies.The untimely death of Nikolai Izmailov in 1961 was a loss to science, but his prolific output of over 280 publications ensures his place in the records of modern physical chemistry. This appreciation introduces a collection of works that would surely have captured his interest and will serve to honor his memory. A more detailed and personalized account of the man and the times in which he lived and achieved will be published in the September 2008 issue of Chemistry International and furnishes a link to a short bibliography listing some of his seminal publications.Nikolay O. Mchedlov-PetrossyanV. N. Karazin National University
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Fuchs, Brigitte, and Husref Tahirović. "Rosa Einhorn (1872–1950): A Woman Pioneer in Medicine between Bosnia (1902–1913), New York, and Palestine." Acta Medica Academica 49, no. 3 (March 12, 2021): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.318.
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<p>This short biography details the life and medical activities of Rosa Einhorn, mariée Bloch (1872–1950), who practised as an Austro-Hungarian (AH) official female physician in Travnik in occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) from 1902 to 1904, and as a semi-official private physician from 1905 to 1912/13. Born in Hrodna district in the Russian Pale of Crescent, Einhorn had qualified and practised as a “<em>feldsheritsa</em>” in Russia and went to Switzerland to study medicine in 1896. Upon receiving her medical doctorate from the University of Lausanne in 1901, she became recommended as a particularly adequate candidate for the not-yet-created position of an AH official female physician in BH. After Einhorn functioned as a general practitioner for women and children in Travnik and the adjacent districts for two years, the AH public health authorities officially dismissed her due to her engagement and marriage to the AH judiciary Sigismund Bloch (1850–1927). However, she obtained a right to private practice in 1905 and was employed as a private physician in AH anti-syphilis campaigning. Struggling for her reinstatement as an official female physician in Travnik, she also strove for the accreditation of her Swiss diploma in Austria, though in vain. After two attempts to emigrate to the United States in 1904 and 1913, Rosa Einhorn finally left Europe to work as a physician in the United States and Mandatory Palestine/Eretz Israel in 1923. She died in New York on May 27, 1950.</p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>Rosa Einhorn was employed as a provisory official female physician in Travnik in 1903/1904, the AH authorities accepting her only as a local private female physician after her marriage in 1905. Struggling in vain for her reinstatement, she finally left Bosnia in 1913.</p>
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Greenfield, A. D. M., and I. C. Roddie. "Henry Barcroft. 18 October 1904 – 11 January 1998." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 46 (January 2000): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1999.0069.
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Henry Barcroft (H.B.) was born on 18 October 1904 at 92 Chesterton Road, Cambridge. He was the first son of Joseph Barcroft (J.B.), later Professor Sir Joseph Barcroft, C.B.E., F.R.S., and Mary Agnetta (Minnie) Ball (M.A.B.), whom he had married in 1903. He had one brother, Lt.-Col. Robert Ball Barcroft, born in 1909, and no sisters. Both of his parents had distinguished ancestors.
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Avrutina, A. S., and A. S. Ryzhenkov. "Emigration to Germany in Turkish literature of the XX–XXI centuries." Minbar. Islamic Studies 12, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 601–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31162/2618-9569-2019-12-2-601-613.
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The article deals with the history of Turkish emigration to Germany in the 20th-21st Cent. This is in a way a novelty both in the modern Turkish literature as well as in the studies, which analyze the reflection of this process in modern Turkish literature. For the first time, this topic was raised in the 1940s, in the novel by Sabahattin Ali (1907–1948), who had been studying in pre-war Germany for some time/ Based on his personal impressions and recollections he wrote a love/political novel “Madonna clade in a fur coat” (1943). Subsequently this topic was also raised in the works by Füruzan (born 1932) and the Turkish Nobel Prize winner Orhan Pamuk (born 1952). The present article discusses the phenomenon of transformation of either personal or somebody else’s experience as reflected by a number of Turkish authors. This fact has ultimately shaped the acute problems as discussed in the Turkish literature and was instrumental for the formation of a whole trend in the modern Turkish literature, i.e. the Turkish émigré literature (Emine Sevgi Özdamar, (born 1946)). The aim of the article is to show the trends in the modern Turkish literature, which preceded the making of the literature of the Turkish diaspora abroad.
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Vandervoort, Frances S. "Oscar Riddle’s Science, a Special Bird, & the Founding of the NABT." American Biology Teacher 75, no. 9 (November 1, 2013): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2013.75.9.9.
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Oscar Riddle, born in Indiana in 1877, was an ardent evolutionist and a key player in the founding of the National Association of Biology Teachers in 1938. He studied heredity and behavior in domestic pigeons and doves with Charles O. Whitman of the University of Chicago, received his Ph.D. in zoology in 1907, and in 1912 began a long career at the Carnegie Institution. He is best known for his 1932 discovery of prolactin, the “mother love” hormone. Whitman founded and directed the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole and cared for Martha, the world’s last passenger pigeon, who died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1914.
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Feilden, G. B. R., and William Hawthorne. "Sir Frank Whittle, O. M., K. B. E.. 1 June 1907–9 August 1996." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 44 (January 1998): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1998.0028.
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Sir Frank Whittle has a permanent place in history as the original inventor of the turbo–jet engine, as described in his first patent published in January 1930, when he was only 22 years old. His invention has revolutionized both civil and military air transport all over the world. Frank Whittle, the first child of Moses and Sara Alice Whittle, was born on 1 June 1907, at 72 Newcombe Road in the Earlsdon district of Coventry, and was educated at Earlsdon and Milverton Council schools. He learned much from his father, who, although he was virtually uneducated, having started work in a Lancashire cotton mill at the age of 11, had become a skilful mechanic and was a prolific inventor. Whittle wrote (2)*:
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Katz, Elaine N. "The Underground Route to Mining: Afrikaners and the Witwatersrand Gold Mining Industry from 1902 to the 1907 Miners' Strike." Journal of African History 36, no. 3 (November 1995): 467–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700034502.
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This paper challenges the conventional view that the 1907 miners' strike constituted a landmark in the history of Afrikaner employment in the Witwatersrand gold mining industry. According to this view, the participation of Afrikaners during the dispute, as first-time miners and strike-breakers, gained them a permanent and proportionally large niche in the industry, for the first time. In sharp contrast, this paper demonstrates that Afrikaners already constituted a substantial percentage of white underground workers, particularly as a discrete category of workmen, the miners, well before the strike had even begunThe Afrikaner miners lacked training and mining skills. Yet, like the overseas professional miners, most of whom were British-born, they were classed as skilled workmen, eligible for skilled wages. This anomaly occurred because the so-called skills of the overseas professional miners were fragmented by the labour practices peculiar to the Rand. The expertise of the foreign miner derived from his all-round capabilities and experience. These were exclusively defined to constitute his so-called skill, and hence his skilled wage. But on the Witwatersrand, the overseas professional miners were required to draw on only one of their numerous accomplishments in a ‘specialized’, but only semi-skilled, capacity. They were employed either as supervisors of Africans, who performed drilling tasks, or as specialist pit men doing a single pit task among many: pump minding, pipe fitting, timbering or plate laying. Such fragmentation of the foreign miners' a11-round skills facilitated the entry of lesser trained men as miners, notably the Afrikaners.To become a miner, more specifically a supervisor, the Afrikaner needed only a brief period of specific instruction, which he acquired in one of several ways: through mine-sponsored experiments with unskilled white labour, rather than black; through the informal assistance of qualified miners; and through management-sponsored learner schemes intended to provide a core of compliant Afrikaner miners who would break the monopoly of skills and collective strength of the overseas professional miners. Such training enabled the Afrikaner to earn the compulsory, but readily available, blasting certificate, the award of which was confined to whites. Although most Afrikaners possessed this certificate, the hallmark of a skilled miner, they could not earn the customary white skilled wage because they were obliged to work under a System of contracts and not on day's pay.The incompetent Afrikaner miners nevertheless obtained billets easily, partly because of the industry's growth, but mainly because the overseas pioneer miners were decimated by the preventable occupational mining disease, silicosis: the locally born simply filled their places. The Afrikaners, of course, were also vulnerable to silicosis; but it was only from 1911 onwards that this gradually developing disease claimed them in significant numbers too.The overseas miners shunned the Afrikaners not only for ethnic reasons but also for material ones: they feared that the local miners, who were inefficient and had not been trained in the lengthy apprenticeships traditional in the industry, would undercut skilled wage rates. Management also scorned them because of their incompetence. Despite their relatively large numbers – they comprised at least one-third of the miners – the Afrikaners, who were unsuccessful, isolated and spurned, made little impact on the socio-economic and cultural fabric of the industry's work-force, either at the time of the 1907 strike or during its immediate aftermath.
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Bignami, Giovanni. "Giuseppe Paolo Stanislao Occhialini. 5 December 1907 – 30 December 1993." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 48 (January 2002): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2002.0019.
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Giuseppe (Beppo) Occhialini was born in Fossombrone (Umbria) on 5 December 1907. He spent his childhood and adolescence following his father, Raffaele Augusto, around Italy from one university appointment to the next. Together with (Lord) Patrick Blackett, F.R.S. (P.R.S. 1965–70), his father was to be one of the people who most influenced Occhialini's life and way of thinking. Between 1911 and 1917 the family lived in Pisa; then Beppo (who was at that time still called Peppino) moved to Florence, where he lived with his mother, Etra, until he graduated from university in 1929. In the years that followed he worked at the Institute of Physics of the University of Florence, first as a temporary research assistant and later in a permanent appointment. The seat of the institute was then in Arcetri, very near the observatory and the ‘Gioiello’, the villa of Galileo's last years. The physics course had been established in Florence only a short time before, thanks to the influence of Antonio Garbasso and Enrico Persico, two charismatic figures in the incredible scientific ferment that was running through the Italy of the 1920s and 1930s. Years later, Beppo's romantic temperament was to recall, of the Physics Institute, that ‘the view from those windows made one forget the scantiness of the equipment, the lack of functionality of the convent-like structure and the difficulty of access’. To get to Arcetri, of course, he had to pedal up the hill on his bicycle from Florence.
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Andreev, Alexander Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Sergey Petrovich FEDOROV - founder of the largest Russian surgical school, "father of Russian urology» (to the 150th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 12, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-4-294-294.
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Sergey Petrovich Fedorov was born in Moscow in 1869. In 1886 he graduated with honors from the gymnasium, and in 1891 - the medical faculty of Moscow University. In 1892, he was the first in Russia to manufacture and put into practice cholera and tetanus antitoxins, in 1893 - tetanus toxoid serum. In 1895, he defended his doctoral dissertation and was appointed as an assistant, and in 1896 - as a privat-docent of the faculty surgical clinic of Moscow University. In 1899 S.P. For the first time, Fedorov performed a single-step trans-vesicular prostatectomy, in 1901 a laparotomy for purulent peritonitis, in 1902 a gastrectomy with resection of the esophagus, resection of the colon. From 1903 to 1936, Sergei Petrovich headed the department of the hospital surgical clinic of the Military Medical Academy. In 1907, on his initiative, the Russian Urological Society was organized in Russia, the chairman of which he was elected (now bearing his name), the Urological Institute was established at the Military Medical Academy. In 1909 S.P. For the first time in the world, Fedorov performed the operation under intravenous hedonal anesthesia, which was the beginning of the widespread use of inhalation anesthesia. In 1909 he was awarded the title of honorary life-surgeon, and at the end of 1912 he was confirmed as a life-surgeon of the imperial family, which he combined with work in the Military Medical Academy. At this time, he wrote "Atlas of Cystoscopy and Rectoscopy" (1911), the monograph "Gallstones and surgery of the biliary tract" (1918). May 2, 1920 S.P. Fedorov was detained and put in prison. September 9, 1920, he was sentenced to a suspended five-year prison term. September 14, 1921 S.P. Fedorov was arrested again and at the end of November under escort sent to Moscow for a free settlement. In 1921 S.P. Fedorov took part in the creation of the first Soviet surgical journal "New Surgical Archive". From 1926 to 1933, he headed the Institute of Surgical Neuropathology (now the Leningrad Research Neurosurgical Institute named after A.L. Polenov, M3 of the RSFSR). S.P. Fedorov proposed new methods and modifications of operations on the nervous system, kidneys, intestines, biliary tract, new tools for their implementation. Under his leadership, the development of blood transfusion problems began for the first time in the USSR. He created the largest surgical school (N.N. Elansky, I.S. Kolesnikov, P.A. Kupriyanov, V.N. Shamov, etc.). In 1928, S. P. Fedorov was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR. In 1933, he was the first of the surgeons to be awarded the Order of Lenin.Died S.P. Fedorov in Leningrad in 1936 and was buried at the Communist site (now the Cossack cemetery) of the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. He has published over 120 scientific papers, including 11 manuals and monographs. Memorial plaque in memory of SP Fedorov installed on the building of the Faculty Surgery Clinic of the Military Medical Academy. CM. Kirov.
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Lewis, Michael. "Access to Saloons, Wet Voter Turnout, and Statewide Prohibition Referenda, 1907–1919." Social Science History 32, no. 3 (2008): 373–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013997.
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When explaining the success of the Prohibition movement in the United States between 1900 and 1920, scholars argue that prohibitionists were able both to tap into the distrust of many rural, native-born, evangelical Protestants toward modern urban life and to bring together disparate groups of reformers around one goal: the elimination of the saloon. Furthermore, localized campaigns resulting in the elimination of saloons from many rural areas kept this base of voters energized, ultimately leading to impressive dry turnouts in statewide Prohibition referenda. This study extends and amplifies these findings through an analysis of three sets of factors on voting outcomes: the percentage of various demographic groups (urban, immigrant, and ritualistic religious populations) residing in a county; the distance of each county to saloons; the presence or absence of producers of alcohol in a county. Results of ordinary least-squares regression demonstrate that access to saloons and the percentage of immigrant and ritualistic church members in a county are the variables that most influence the results of Prohibition referenda. Furthermore, unlike what previous research has demonstrated, these variables have their greatest influence by affecting wet turnout rates.
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Sorokin, P. A. "on Sorokin." Science in Context 3, no. 1 (1989): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988970000082x.
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Sorokin, Pitirim Alexandrovich, born January 21,1889, in the small village of Turia in Russia [died 1968]. Student at the Teachers' Seminary in the province of Kostroma in Russia (1903–6), at the evening school in St. Petersburg (1907–9), at the Psycho- Neurological Institute in St. Petersburg (1910–14); Magistrant of Criminal Law (1915); Ph.D in Sociology (1922); Privatdozent at the Psycho-Neurological Institute (1914–16), at the University of St. Petersburg (1916–17); Professor of Sociology at the same university (1919–22); Professor of Sociology at the Agricultural Academy (1919–22), at the University of Minnesota (1924–30); Chairman of the Department of Sociology at Harvard University from 1930. Member of the Executive Committee of the All-Russian Peasant's Soviet (1917); Secretary to the Prime Minister [ Kerensky ] (1917); member of the Russian Constitutional Assembly (1918); sentenced to death and finally exiled by the communist administration (1922); emigrated to the United States (1923), naturalized (1930). Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Sociological Association; honorary member of the International Institute of Sociology of the Czechoslovakian Academy for Agriculture, of the German Sociological Society, and of the Ukrainian Sociological Society; President of the International Institute for Sociology (1936–37). Member of the Greek-Orthodox Church.
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Branagan, David. "Earth, Sky and Prayer in Harmony. Aspects of the Interesting Life of Father Edward Pigot, SJ, BA, MB, BCH (1858-1929), a Jesuit Seismologist: Part 1." Earth Sciences History 29, no. 1 (June 8, 2010): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.29.1.j1014m0u3352425u.
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Edward Francis Pigot (1858-1929) spent the last twenty-four years of his life as Director of the Observatory of the Jesuit ‘Riverview’ College, Sydney, Australia. Specialising in seismology and earth deformation, he established a worldwide reputation for his work in this field. In the years to 1911 he also participated in two eclipse expeditions. Irish-born Pigot, a fine musician from his youth, graduated first in arts and medicine and became a medical missionary in China until ill health forced his move into scientific work at Zi-Ka-Wei near Shanghai before moving finally to Riverview in 1907. Pigot's personality gained him many friends in the international seismology field. They included the Japanese F. Omori, the German G. Angenheister, and the Russian Count B. Galitsin.
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Calder, Dale R. "Axel Elof Jäderholm (1868–1927) of Sweden: educator, hydrozoan zoologist and botanist." Archives of Natural History 41, no. 2 (October 2014): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2014.0245.
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Axel Elof Jäderholm was born in Söderhamn, Sweden, on 24 July 1868. In 1888 he entered Uppsala Universitet, earning undergraduate (1892) and doctorate (1898) degrees. His doctoral dissertation was based on an anatomical study of South American Peperomia (Piperaceae). While a graduate student he commenced research on hydroids in collections at the university's natural history museum. A science teacher by profession, he served schools in Uppsala (1900–1901), Norrköping (1901–1905; 1913–1927), Örebro (1905) and Västervik (1905–1913). In addition to teaching, he undertook research in botany (especially mosses) and zoology (hydroids). A focus of work between 1903 and 1905 involved examination of hydroid collections at the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm) and the Imperial St Petersburg Academy of Sciences (Russia). Jäderholm's field work dealt largely with bryophytes, although his scientific publications (21 of 28) were mostly on taxonomy of hydroids. His hydroid work was mainly on species from northern Europe, the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic, southern regions of South America, and the western Pacific (especially Japan). He established two new genera and 69 new species of hydroids, a majority of the latter still being recognized as valid. Jäderholm was created a knight of the Order of the Polar Star (Riddare av Nordstjärneorden) in Sweden for accomplishments in science and education. After suffering a series of acute illnesses over the last two years of his life, he died in Norrköping on 5 March 1927 and was buried in Uppsala. Five species of hydroids have been named in his honour.
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Murgia, Camilla. "Les premières années du Salon des Humoristes à Alger (1924-1930) :." Manazir Journal 2 (April 1, 2021): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/manazir.2020.2.3.
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My contribution focuses on the early years of the Salon des Humoristes held in Algiers in the 1920s. This event contributed to the development of caricature in Algeria in the wake of the First World War. Although it is difficult to trace the careers of all the caricaturists because of a lack of biographical information, we shall see that those present in the first editions of the Salon des Humoristes in Algiers were most often born in Europe where they trained before settling in Algeria, while some others were born in the French departments of Algeria. The first edition of the Salon des Humoristes d'Alger took place in 1924 and was hailed with success by the Algerian press. This initiative had a precedent in Paris, notably with the Salon des Humoristes held in the French capital in 1907. My paper aims to explore this echo between the Algerian and the Parisian Salon and to discuss the impact of caricature in the early years of this event. My objective is to understand to what extent the training and artistic background of the exhibitors determined and/or allowed the development of Algerian caricature and what its relationship with the Parisian exhibition was.
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Segurado, R., A. M. Sellers, J. Briody, J. McCalman, and C. C. Kelleher. "Epidemiological Transition: Patterns Of Temporal Association Between Foreign-Born Immigration (1891-1986) And Cardiovascular Disease In Australia (1907-2016)." Atherosclerosis 287 (August 2019): e31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.091.
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Moore, P. G., and R. B. Williams. "Charles Livesey Walton (1881–1953): from marine to veterinary to agricultural zoology." Archives of Natural History 48, no. 1 (April 2021): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2021.0693.
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Charles Livesey Walton (1881–1953) was born on the Isle of Man, but moved in childhood via Yorkshire to the south coast of Pembrokeshire (Wales). Later, having become a man of private means, he relocated to Devon. He was associated with the Marine Biological Laboratory of the United Kingdom in Plymouth from 1907 until 1912, where he developed expertise on sea anemones. His first publication was on these animals, in 1907 with Professor Herbert John Fleure of the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, where he eventually gained employment in 1912. There, he changed course to work on various aspects of veterinary and agricultural zoology, themes he pursued at the University College of North Wales, Bangor. He considered his major contribution to have been his work there on “liver rot” (fasciolosis) in sheep, carried out from 1919 and during the economic depression of the 1920s. As a marine zoologist, he is probably best known for his co-authorship of The biology of the sea-shore (1922) with Frederick William Flattely. He moved from Bangor in 1927 to the Long Ashton Research Station, University of Bristol, as an agricultural entomologist. As part of a multidisciplinary team there, he developed and tested chemical treatments against a wide variety of plant pests and diseases. Retiring to St David's, Pembrokeshire, he catalogued plants of the peninsula. Walton apparently never married. The comprehensive bibliography presented here constitutes an appropriate memorial alongside his influential final book, Farmers' warfare (1947).
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Sulyak, S. G. "I.P. Filevich and Carpathian Rus Part 1. Biography." Rusin, no. 62 (2020): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/3.
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Ivan Porfirevich Filevich (August 20 (September 1), 1856 – January 7 (20), 1913) – a Russian historian, publicist, and public figure, born in Chełm Land to the family of a Uniate priest, a native of Galicia, Orthodox. He graduated from St. Petersburg University, later taught Russian language, literature, and history at the First Realschule and at the Gymnasium of the Imperial Philanthropic Society in St. Petersburg. Since 1890, he worked at the Department of Russian History at the Imperial Warsaw University, first as an extra-ordinary professor, and since 1897 as an ordinary professor. His origin predetermined his interest in the history of Carpathian Rus, in particular Galicia and Chełm Land, and its population. In 1890, he received a Master’s degree for his work “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galician-Vladimir Legacy”. In 1897, he defended his doctoral degree at Kazan University on “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population”. He frequently travelled across Carpathian Rus. Having retired in 1908, he devoted himself to journalistic and social activities. Ivan Filevich authored monographs: “The Struggle of Poland and Lithuania-Rus for the Galicia-Vladimir Legacy. Historical Sketches” (1890) and “History of Ancient Rus. Territory and Population” (1896), as well as numerous studies, among which were: “A Forgotten Corner” (1881), “Ugric Rus and Related Issues and Tasks of Russian Historical Science” (1894), “Sketch of the Carpathian Territory and Population” (1895), “On the development of geographical nomenclature” (1899), “Concerning the theory of two Russian nationalities” (1902), “The question of two Russian nationalities and ‘Kievan Antiquity’” (1902), “Carpathian Rus on the eve of the 20th century” (1905), “From the History of Carpathian Rus. Essays on Galician-Russian Life Since 1772 (1848–1866)” (1907) etc. Many of his minor materials (criticism and bibliographies) were published in Izvestia of the St. Petersburg Slavic Charitable Society, Slavic Review, Journal of the Ministry of Public Education, Warsaw University News, etc. In his last years, Filevich was actively involved in social and journalistic activities, popularizing scientific knowledge and informing readers about Western Russian, especially Chełm and Polish issues. His articles were published mainly in Novoye Vremya. He drew up notes and historical references for the development of legislative proposals on the Chełm and presented historical, statistical, and economic materials in the Duma commission on the separation of Chełm. Filevich managed to see the results of his work. The law “On the formation of Chełm province from the eastern parts of the Lublin and Sedletsk provinces, with its removal from the administration of the Warsaw Governor-General” was approved on June 23 (July 6) 1912. However, in fact, the province was officially opened on September 8, 1913, after I.P. Filevich’s death.
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Szamet, Miriam. "Before the “War of Languages”: Locals, Immigrants and Philanthropists at the Hilfsverein’s Teachers’ Seminar in Jerusalem 1907–1910." Naharaim 12, no. 1-2 (December 19, 2018): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/naha-2018-0009.
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Abstract Established in Jerusalem by the Hilfsverein der deutschen Juden, the first Teacher Training Seminar is a fascinating case study of the rapid change within the Jewish communities in late Ottoman Palestine. This essay focuses on the 1907 conflict between the Seminar’s management and its Eastern-European students concerning training and teaching in the modern Hebrew, a development which would later nourish the so-called “War of Languages” in 1913. These conflicts reflected the gap between immigrants who had fled anti-Semitic riots in Eastern Europe and witnessed Socialist revolutions, and the experiences of Jerusalem-born students familiar with the activity of philanthropic Jewish organizations within the local children’s education system. The chasm between the nationalist educational goals of the Hebrew yishuv and the Hilfsverein’s aims of modernization and professionalization led to mutual radicalization and the establishment of a separate Zionist education system by Zionist Organisations. The staunch position in favor of teaching in Hebrew expressed the Hebrew and secular national consciousness of the immigrant student, and was evidence of their professional pedagogical goals.
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Mbakop, Lili R., Parfait H. Awono-Ambene, Stanislas E. Mandeng, Wolfgang E. Ekoko, Betrand N. Fesuh, Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Jean-Claude Toto, Philippe Nwane, Abraham Fomena, and Josiane Etang. "Malaria Transmission around the Memve’ele Hydroelectric Dam in South Cameroon: A Combined Retrospective and Prospective Study, 2000–2016." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16091618.
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Dam constructions are considered a great concern for public health. The current study aimed to investigate malaria transmission in the Nyabessan village around the Memve’ele dam in South Cameroon. Adult mosquitoes were captured by human landing catches in Nyabessan before and during dam construction in 2000–2006 and 2014–2016 respectively, as well as in the Olama village, which was selected as a control. Malaria vectors were morphologically identified and analyzed for Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein detection and molecular identification of Anopheles (A.) gambiae species. Overall, ten malaria vector species were identified among 12,189 Anopheles specimens from Nyabessan (N = 6127) and Olama (N = 6062), including A. gambiae Giles (1902), A. coluzzii Coetzee (2013), A. moucheti Evans (1925), A. ovengensis Awono (2004), A. nili Theobald (1903), A. paludis Theobald (1900), A. zieanni, A. marshallii Theobald (1903), A. coustani Laveran (1900), and A. obscurus Grünberg (1905). In Nyabessan, A. moucheti and A. ovengensis were the main vector species before dam construction (16–50 bites/person/night-b/p/n, 0.26–0.71 infective bites/person/night-ib/p/n) that experienced a reduction of their role in disease transmission in 2016 (3–35 b/p/n, 0–0.5 ib/p/n) (p < 0.005). By contrast, the role of A. gambiae s.l. and A. paludis increased (11–38 b/p/n, 0.75–1.2 ib/p/n) (p < 0.01). In Olama, A. moucheti remained the main malaria vector species throughout the study period (p = 0.5). These findings highlight the need for a strong vector-borne disease surveillance and control system around the Memve’ele dam.
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CRIBIER, FRANÇOISE. "25th volume celebration paper Changes in the experiences of life between two cohorts of Parisian pensioners, born in circa 1907 and 1921." Ageing and Society 25, no. 5 (August 23, 2005): 637–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x05004009.
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The experience of retirement and old age of two cohorts of the residents of Paris, born successively around 1907 and 1921, have been studied through prospective longitudinal studies, each of which comprised several waves of interviews. The two cohorts were first interviewed as they approached retirement and old age, in respectively 1972 and 1984. Moulded by the strong contemporaneous social change, the principal life experiences of the two cohorts have been quite different – from the social and geographic settings of their birth, their childhood and education, through their occupations and career advancement, parenting and family lives, housing conditions and residential mobility, earned incomes and pensions, longevity, and utilisation of medical care. Above all, their long lives have been strongly conditioned by rapid and radical socio-economic changes, particularly in the occupational structure, the rising standard of living, and improvements in urban housing standards, social protection, personal services and average life span. In contrast to their rising material standards, the cohorts have faced the gradual spread of less sympathetic attitudes towards older people, particularly those who lose their autonomy. As the number of people in advanced old age has relentlessly increased, they have in several respects become more distant from the rest of society. Maintaining the continued ‘inclusion’ and full citizenship of frail older people is not only a growing moral and practical problem, but also a major political problem in a democracy.
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Snell, Rupert. "A Hindi Poet from Allahabad: Translating Harivansh Rai Bachchan's Autobiography." Modern Asian Studies 34, no. 2 (April 2000): 425–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00003516.
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The poet known to the Hindi literary world as ‘Bachchan’ was born as ‘Harivansh Rai’ in 1907 to an Allahabad Kāyasth family. His given name derived from a prescribed recitation of the Harivamśa Purāna that had broken his parents' much-lamented childlessness; the pandit's honorarium for the recitation was 1001 rupees, paid off in monthly instalments over the first ten years of the boy's childhood. The roman spelling of the name varies, the Sanskritic ‘Harivansh’ standing in contrast to the form ‘Harbans’ with which the author's Ph.D. thesis is signed. Such a distinction is not without significance, for underlying the author's cosmopolitan exterior lies an intimately provincial Allahabadi character more fully caught by the ‘Harbans’ spelling than its somehow sanitized, all-India tatsama equivalent. It is a feature that one longs in vain to recapture in English translation many a time, for example to resonate with the semi-tatsama phrase pūrab-pacchim, for ‘East and West’, so much more redolent of the vernacular scene than its Sanskritic parent pūrva-paścim. But in English, East is ‘East’ and West is ‘West’.
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Andreev, Alex Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "Nikolai Sergeevich Korotkov - Russian surgeon, pioneer of modern vascular surgery (to the 145th of birthday)." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 12, no. 1 (March 2, 2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2019-12-1-83-83.
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N.S. Korotkov was born in 1874 in the city of Kursk. In 1893, after graduating from high school, he entered the medical faculty of Kharkov University, transferred to the medical faculty of Moscow University, which he graduated in 1898 with a degree in medicine with honors. In 1900, N.S. Korotkov became a supernumerary order of a surgical clinic for a term. Further N.S. Korotkov became a doctor of the sanitary unit of the Iberian Red Cross community. For participation in this trip N.S. Korotkov was granted the right to wear the honorary sign of the Red Cross, and in 1902 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne of the III degree. Nikolai Korotkov again works as a supernumerary, since 1903 - a regular intern at the surgical clinic of Professor A.A. Bobrov, then a supernumerary resident at the surgical clinic of Professor SPPedorov of the Imperial Military Medical Academy.In 1904, in the St. George community of the sisters of mercy of the Red Cross Society, a sanitary squad was formed to be sent to the Russian-Japanese war, NS was appointed as the senior physician. Korotkov. Systematically listening to the vessels in the wounded, the young surgeon discovered five regular phases of changes in sounds during compression of the brachial artery with a Riva-Rocci cuff, which later formed the basis of his proposed method for determining blood pressure (Korotkov method). November 8, 1905 N.S. Korotkov for the first time made a historical report “On the issue of blood pressure research methods”. At the end of 1905, he left Petersburg for his parents in the city of Kursk. In 1908, N.S. Korotkov successfully passes the examinations for the degree of doctor of medicine and leaves for Siberia in the mines of the Lena gold mining association for the position of doctor at the Andreevsky hospital. In 1910, N.S. Korotkov defends his doctoral thesis on the topic: "The experience of determining the strength of arterial collaterals." Since 1914, N.S. Korotkov worked as a senior physician at the Petersburg Clinical Hospital. Peter the Great, and with the outbreak of World War I, a surgeon in the Charity House for Wounded Soldiers in Tsarskoe Selo. After the Great October Revolution until the death of N.S. Korotkov served as chief physician at the Mechnikovsky hospital in Petrograd. Nikolai Sergeevich died on March 14, 1920 and was buried in the Theological Cemetery of St. Petersburg. The exact burial place of N.S. Korotkova has not been established, in 2011 a cenotaph was installed on the site of the Military Medical Academy. The Korotkov method was the only official non-invasive blood pressure measurement method approved by WHO in 1935. In honor of N.S. Korotkova is named the street in St. Petersburg, the city hospital of Kursk, the Memorial Society in St. Petersburg.
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Brown, Daniel M., and Hans Kornberg. "Alexander Robertus Todd, O.M., Baron Todd of Trumpington. 2 October 1907 — 10 January 1997." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 46 (January 2000): 515–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1999.0099.
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Alexander Robertus Todd (Alex to his friends), was born in October 1907 in Cathcart, to the south of Glasgow. His father, Alexander Todd, of southern Scottish descent, was at first a clerk in the Glasgow Subway Railway Company and later its Secretary; subsequently he was the Managing Director of the Drapery and Furnishing Co–operative Society Ltd in Glasgow. He was ambitious to better himself and his family and although his formal teaching had ended at thirteen he held a strong regard for education and was determined, as was his wife Jane (née Lowry) that it should not be denied to their children. As their affluence increased they moved to the village of Clarkston, whence Alex had to trudge one and a half miles each day to the public school in Cathcart. One should recall that this was during wartime: life was hard and boots were of poor quality. At the age of eleven he passed the entrance examination to Allan Glen's school, the Glasgow High School of Science in the centre of the city. Among the teachers was Robert Gillespie, who taught chemistry and fostered Alex's growing interest in that subject. This gave him the impetus, after passing the Higher Leaving Certificate examination in 1924, to enter the University of Glasgow to read for an honours degree in chemistry. Once there, he was recognized by his teachers as a highly talented student, taking the James Black Medal and the Roger Muirhead Prize in his first year, which also gave him a scholarship for the rest of his course. Alex graduated BSc with first class honours in 1928 and was awarded a Carnegie Research Scholarship of €100 a year to work with Professor T.S. Patterson. He and his predecessor, G.G. Henderson, F.R.S., had strong interests in alchemy and the history of chemistry. The latter subject was even compulsory in the final year. Alex was interested in this and, much later in life, spoke and wrote knowledgeably on several aspects of the history of organic chemistry. Patterson's research interest was optical rotatory dispersion and, although Todd's first two papers were published jointly with Patterson in 1929 (1, 2)*, it was clear that a subject in which theory and practice made little contact was not for him. With encouragement from Patterson, Alex transferred to the University of Frankfurt to work in the laboratory of W. Borsche.
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Hung, Tzu-hui Celina. "“There Are No Chinamen in Singapore”: Creolization and Self-Fashioning of the Straits Chinese in the Colonial Contact Zone." Journal of Chinese Overseas 5, no. 2 (2009): 257–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/179303909x12489373182975.
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AbstractThis article studies the self-making process of colonial Straits Chinese at the turn of the 20th century under the converging forces of British colonial power, plantation economy, mass labor migration from Qing-China, and everyday interracial contacts. Along the theoretical line of creolization, a term historically characteristic of the multiethnic diversity of Caribbean coloniality, the article examines how the late 19th-century changing colonial relations among the British, the localized Straits Chinese, the China-born newcomers, and the Malay indigenes together incited a sense of existential crisis on the part of Straits Chinese elites, who launched the Straits Chinese Magazine (1897-1907) in colonial Singapore to address the need to make use of local nexus of hybrid affinities to re-form and remake the meanings of being Chinese. Focusing on selected writings in the SCM dedicated respectively to topics of reform, education, morality, and nationality, this article regards the SCM as a distinctive cultural space, in which conscious discursive efforts were made to fashion the model Straits Chinese public images — as modern youth, as rightful descendants of Chinese cultures, as loyal British subjects, as fallible but educable people, and finally as deserved protégés of the Empire.