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1
Wallace, James M. "A Gary School Survives: Angelo Patri and Urban Education." History of Education Quarterly 45, no. 1 (2005): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2005.tb00028.x.
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Angelo Petraglia, born in 1876 in the Salerno Province of Italy, the first child of Nicola and Carmela Petraglia, spent his first five years in Piaggine, a small mountain village, and in 1881 sailed to New York City with his mother, his uncle, and a younger sister. His father had preceded them to America to find work and a place to live. The family name was changed to Patri, perhaps by immigration authorities. The sister died shortly after their arrival in America, but three other sisters were born soon after.
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Uwera, Charlotte. "Coming out of a deep hole after a life of trials." Torture Journal 24, no. 2 (2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/torture.v24i2.111626.
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My name is Charlotte Uwera. I was born in 1969. I studied until primary six. My father was a mason and my mother a cultivator. I am one of six siblings. Three of my siblings died during the genocide and the fourth one faced a normal death. Only my big sister and I survived the genocide.
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Hepner, Gershon. "ABRAHAM'S INCESTUOUS MARRIAGE WITH SARAH: A VIOLATION OF THE HOLINESS CODE." Vetus Testamentum 53, no. 2 (2003): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853303764664580.
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AbstractVerbal resonances suggest that Abraham's claim that Sarah is his half-sister in Gen. xx 13 indicates that he violates the prohibition of sibling incest in Lev. xx 17. This observation links Abraham not only to Amnon who has an incestuous relationship with his half-sister Tamar but to David who has an incestuous relationship with his halfsister Abigail after the death of her husband Nabal. The narrative of the conception of Moab, the son born to Lot after his unwitting incestuous relationship with his younger daughter, precedes the narrative in which Abraham admits that Sarah is his half-sister and is followed by the birth of Isaac, suggesting that the Torah implies that Isaac is no less the product of an incestuous relationship that violates the Holiness Code than Moab, an ancestor of David and Perez who is born as a result of an unwitting incestuous relationship between Judah and Tamar.
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Lusek, Joanna. "Siostry Klemensy od Wniebowzięcia (Janiny Wójcik) wspomnienia z zesłania (1940–1946)." Medycyna Nowożytna 27, no. 2 (2021): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/12311960mn.21.017.15245.
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Sisters Klemensa of the Assumption (Janina Wójcik) memories of exile (1940–1946) Sister Klemensa of the Assumption, Janina Wójcik (1893–1982), was born in Nowy Sącz, to the family of Ignacy – a railwayman and Jadwiga née Zwierzyńska. She graduated from the Private Teachers’ Seminary in Tarnów, gaining qualifi cations to teach manual labor in elementary schools. She entered the Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception in 1917. She made her perpetual profession in 1925. Before the outbreak of World War II, she worked in the monasteries in Wirów, Szymanów, Jarosław, Słonim, Niżniów and Maciejów as an economist, refectory and vestress. After the outbreak of World War II, she was forced to leave the monastery in Maciejów. She stayed briefl y in Lviv. In 1940, she was deported to the Mariinsky Autonomous Socialist Republic of the USSR. She worked in the canteen in Nowa Strojka, then in the hospital in Joszkar-Oła. In the 1970s, Sister Klemensa wrote down retrospective memoirs entitled “Memoirs from Russia of Sister Klemensa of the Assumption (Janina Wójcik). My memories of the last war (1939–1946)”. They count 25 single-sided pages. They include the time of deportation, with particular emphasis on information about the work performed. Sister Klemensa returned to Poland, to Nowy Sącz in 1946.
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FLOYD, B. "HEIGHTS AND WEIGHTS OF DA-AN BOYS: DID SISTERS REALLY MAKE A DIFFERENCE?" Journal of Biosocial Science 37, no. 3 (2004): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932004006674.
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This study further examined the negative association between boys’ growth and the presence of sisters within a relatively affluent community in Taipei, Taiwan. Among 596 boys born in 1976–77, differences in height and log-transformed weight were judged using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with measurement age as a covariate, and parental education level (four levels), number of sisters (0, 1, 2 or 3+) and number of brothers (0, 1, 2+) as predictors. The relative importance of birth order and sibling sex was examined among the near majority of boys with one sibling (47%, 278/596). The sibling composition variable was defined using mutually exclusive categories representing individuals with one sibling: either one older or younger brother or sister. All boys contributed information before leaving middle school at a mean age of 14·9±0·4 years SD. The results were compared with similar analyses of data for 154 of these same boys for whom measurements were available from primary school entry at a mean age of 6·4±0·3 years SD onward. Results were also compared with data for a cohort of 153 boys who entered primary school later in 1986. Results confirm that boys from the Da-an area born in the mid-1970s who did not have sisters were significantly taller (2·2–2·5 cm, p≤0·008) and heavier (3·0–3·9 kg, p≤0·016) than those with one or two sisters. However, the 26 boys with three or more sisters, most of whom were last-born, were somewhat taller than those with one or two sisters. The same curvilinear relationships in height and weight appeared both among boys as they prepared to leave middle school and among the subset also measured just after entering primary school. When numbers of sisters were statistically controlled, the presence of two or more brothers was also significantly negatively associated with mean stature, but not weight, among middle school boys. Analyses among boys with one sibling revealed that birth order was associated with mean stature, but only if the sibling was female; an older sister was associated with a greater deficit in mean stature than a younger sister. Evidence of rising educational expectations, continued declines in family size with fewer gender-related differences in numbers of siblings, and a clear secular increase in body size in this community among children entering primary school from 1982 to 1986 suggest a possible explanatory model.
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Jagur-Grodzinski, Joseph, and Stanislaw Penczek. "Michael Szwarc. 19 June 1909 — 4 August 2000." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 52 (January 2006): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2006.0025.
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Michael Szwarc was born in Będzin, an industrial town in the south of Poland, as an only son of a Jewish family. Michael received his pre–college and college education in Warsaw and in 1932 received his degree in chemical engineering from the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute. After graduation he married in 1933 Maria Frenkel (Marysia), whose brother married his younger sister Rala. From 1933 to 1935 he worked in Poland as a chemical engineer. In 1935 he emigrated to Palestine (today's Israel) and after a year was joined there by his sister and brother–in–law. Two of his three children were born during his stay in Jerusalem, where he was engaged in research at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and from which he gained a PhD in organic chemistry. In late 1945 he went to England, where he joined the group under Professor Michael Polanyi FRS in Manchester.
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Lusek, Joanna. "A Work Built to Last…" Biografistyka Pedagogiczna 5, no. 2 (2020): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36578/bp.2020.05.23.
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Sister Wanda Garczyńska of God’s Will (1891–1954) was born in Lviv. She grew up in a home with patriotic traditions. She attended the educational institutions in Niżniów and Jazłowiec and the Wanda Niedziałkowska Women’s High School in Lviv. During World War I, as a volunteer nurse, she worked in military hospitals in Kiev and Lviv; she also helped in orphanages for children, and organized scouting activities. Her passion and life mission was teaching. In 1919, she graduated from the Teachers’ College in Krakow, and in 1925—from the Higher Courses for Teachers in Lviv. In 1926, she entered the Congregation of the Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. After that, she taught in the schools of the Immaculate Conception in Jazłowiec and Jarosław.
 In 1934, she became the head of the private primary school of the Congregation at 59 Kazimierzowska Street in Warsaw’s [Warszawa] Mokotów district. From 1940, when the facility was closed by the German authorities, until she left before it was burnt down in mid-August 1944, the school held secret classes covering the secondary school curriculum for girls and boys, and secret university lectures. At Kazimierzowska, help was provided to Jewish children from the Warsaw ghetto, displaced persons from the nearby bombed houses and refugees. In March 1983, the Yad Vashem Institute of National Remembrance awarded Sister Wanda Garczyńska posthumously with the Righteous Among the Nations Medal.
 After the end of World War II, Sister Wanda Garczyńska organized a female gymnasium and a boarding school in Wałbrzych-Sobięcin. In June 2012, the Educational Foundation named after sister Wanda Garczyńska was established there. Its task is to support the unemployed, the poor, single mothers with children and to implement programs for the promotion of professional activation and health, as well as to support educational activities.
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Guilbert, Nathalie, and Karine Marazyan. "MOTHER SINGLEHOOD AT FIRST BIRTH AND MORTALITY RISKS OF FIRST- AND LATER-BORN CHILDREN: THE CASE OF SENEGAL." Journal of Demographic Economics 84, no. 1 (2018): 41–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2018.1.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the extent to which being born to a single mother affects a child’s survival rate in Senegal, a context where girls’ premarital sexual relationships are still widely stigmatized. It also examines whether any negative effect persists up to affecting the survival rate of children of higher birth order born after the mother has married. Using data from Demographic and Health Survey, we find that the mortality rate is higher for first-born boys, but not for first-born daughters, whose mother was single at the time of their birth, and lower for second-born children whose sister, but not brother, was born out of wedlock. The latter effect is actually driven by children from older cohorts of women. Therefore, strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of the stigma associated with a premarital birth seem to exist but vary with the gender of the child born premarital in Senegal. In addition, persisting negative effects appear to have decreased over time. Potential channels through which boys born from a single mother are at a higher risk of death in the country are discussed. Overall, our findings indicate that social programs targeting single mothers, especially when they gave birth to a boy, would help avoiding dramatic events as the death of a child.
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Yamamura, Hirohei, and Shun-Ichi Nakamura. "Yasutomi Nishizuka. 12 July 1932 — 4 November 2004." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 52 (January 2006): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2006.0016.
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Yasutomi Nizhizuka was born in Seido Village, Muko–gun (now City of Ashiya), Hyogo–Prefecture, on 12 July 1932, as the second son of Yasunobu and Nobuko Nishizuka. His elder brother, Yasuaki (1922–95, pathologist, President of Aichi Cancer Center), was 10 years old, his eldest sister, Hiroko, was aged 8, his elder sister, Fumiko, was 5, and he was a heterozygotic twin with his sister Junko. His mother, Nobuko, was from the Ijichi family, a huge landlord, which traced its roots back to a powerful family of the Heian Era (eleventh century). When Yasutomi was an infant, he was so weak that his parents were not sure that he would survive to adulthood. He had intussusception (ileus) when he was six months old. He barely survived after emergency surgery at Daido Hospital in Osaka. Since then, he frequently suffered from diseases associated with stomach ache. He was always weak and ailing.
10
Rickard, Ian J. "Offspring are lighter at birth and smaller in adulthood when born after a brother versus a sister in humans." Evolution and Human Behavior 29, no. 3 (2008): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.01.006.
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Owens, Kim. "The NICU Experience: A Parent’s Perspective." Neonatal Network 20, no. 4 (2001): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.20.4.67.
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MY FIRST GLIMPSE OF THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE unit was from the side of a gurney as I was being wheeled to the bedside of my newborn baby girl, Emily. It was only six hours after her birth, and already she had suffered several heart failures and required multiple chest tubes to help inflate her badly infected lungs. Born at 26 weeks gestational age, Emily and her twin sister, Brooke, had been taken immediately to the NICU, where Emily was now dying and Brooke was fighting to live.
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Majumder, A. K. "Child survival and its effect on mortality of siblings in Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 22, no. 3 (1990): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018708.
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SummaryThis study of the relationship between mortality risks of siblings born to the same mother shows that, in Bangladesh, the death of the immediately preceding sibling in its infancy has a negative influence on the survival chance of the child in question in its infancy; however, death of the preceding sibling appears to have a positive influence on the index child's survival at ages 1–5 years. Similar results are found for the survival status of the two preceding siblings. Preceding birth interval length and survival status and sex of the immediately preceding sibling are also significant predictors of child mortality between ages 1 and 5 years. Possible explanations may be that the index child faces stronger competition from its immediately preceding brother than from its immediately preceding sister, or that the index child is likely to be looked after more by its preceding sister than by its preceding brother.
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Richardson, Anne. "William Tyndale at 500 Years...and After." Moreana 37 (Number 142), no. 2 (2000): 13–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2000.37.2.4.
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The author, who in one of the editors of The Obedience of a Christian Man for the Tyndale Project, recalls first of all the begiiming of her own career at Yale, with Richard Sylvester as mentor, and Sister Anne O’Donnell as fellow student. The Tyndale Project was born in a sense from the More Project. Next she examines each of the twenty essays collected in the volume under review, using the words of its title as divisions in her text. She subdivides word into translation, hermeneutics, and pastoral applications. Church furnishes “old and new” and concerns, not the two testaments, but beliefs and the Church, and “Tyndale and More.” State is the domain where Tyndale reveals himself the most myoptic, particularly in his vision of a calculating Wolsey. Not content to extract the marrow of substance from these bones, the author engages in much close examination, enriching the work with many additions or suggestions. She does the same with communications posterior to the book she is reviewing. The approval she accords to the authors thus has ali the weight of her own expertise in the field.
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Hobbins, Peter, Anne Clarke, and Ursula K. Frederick. "Born on the voyage: Inscribing emigrant communities in the twilight of sail." International Journal of Maritime History 31, no. 4 (2019): 787–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871419874001.
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From the 1830s to the 1880s, non-stop voyages from the United Kingdom to the Australasian colonies created highly structured and insular shipboard communities. Emigrant experiences were shaped by the social spaces aboard sailing vessels, alongside layers of formal superintendence and informal communitas. While these increasingly literate travellers commonly recorded their passage in diaries and letters, other means of marking the journey are less well documented. Detailing the voyages to Sydney of sister clipper ships Samuel Plimsoll and Smyrna in 1874–83, this article explores two complementary maritime textual traditions. One practice saw newborns named after their vessel or – in a singular instance – detention in quarantine. Another enduring tradition entailed emigrants carving mementoes of their voyage into the sandstone at Sydney’s North Head Quarantine Station. In contrast with written narratives that often concluded upon arrival, we argue that these informal commemorations kept voyages and vessels alive through the ensuing decades.
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Edwards, Louise Ling. "[Book Review] Homegoing." Jurnal Humaniora 31, no. 2 (2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.45608.
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In Yaa Gyasi’s debut novel Homegoing, two sisters separated by circumstance are born in 18th-century Ghana not far from the Cape Coast Castle. One sister, Effia, marries a white officer employed at the Castle and lives a comfortable life there with her husband and son. The other sister, Esi, is captured during a raid on her village, marched to the Castle, and held in appalling conditions in its dungeons. They reside in the castle together, yet without knowledge of the other’s presence or situation. The two sisters’ stories diverge when Esi is shipped to the southern plantations of the United States as part of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. The rest of the novel follows the two branches of the family through seven generations in portrait-like chapters that alternate between describing the descendants of Effia and those of Esi. Not only does the story illustrate how the legacy of slavery impacts the two lineages generations after emancipation, but it describes an expansive scope of Black history and the relations between Africans and African-Americans through personal narrative. What is impressive about the tale is that it utilizes thorough and complex character development to move forward the histories of two nations over the span of 300 years. The shortness of each characters’ individual story builds the intensity of each chapter packing every paragraph with emotion. Understanding Gyasi’s deep personal connection to the story makes it clear why Gyasi was able to depict each character with such nuanced detail. She is telling a fictionalized version of her own family history, based off of her experience straddling Ghana’s and America’s two histories.
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Edwards, Louise Ling. "[Book Review] Homegoing." Jurnal Humaniora 31, no. 2 (2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v31i2.45608.
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In Yaa Gyasi’s debut novel Homegoing, two sisters separated by circumstance are born in 18th-century Ghana not far from the Cape Coast Castle. One sister, Effia, marries a white officer employed at the Castle and lives a comfortable life there with her husband and son. The other sister, Esi, is captured during a raid on her village, marched to the Castle, and held in appalling conditions in its dungeons. They reside in the castle together, yet without knowledge of the other’s presence or situation. The two sisters’ stories diverge when Esi is shipped to the southern plantations of the United States as part of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. The rest of the novel follows the two branches of the family through seven generations in portrait-like chapters that alternate between describing the descendants of Effia and those of Esi. Not only does the story illustrate how the legacy of slavery impacts the two lineages generations after emancipation, but it describes an expansive scope of Black history and the relations between Africans and African-Americans through personal narrative. What is impressive about the tale is that it utilizes thorough and complex character development to move forward the histories of two nations over the span of 300 years. The shortness of each characters’ individual story builds the intensity of each chapter packing every paragraph with emotion. Understanding Gyasi’s deep personal connection to the story makes it clear why Gyasi was able to depict each character with such nuanced detail. She is telling a fictionalized version of her own family history, based off of her experience straddling Ghana’s and America’s two histories.
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Van Dijk, Mathilde. "Miracles and Visions in Devotio Moderna Biographies." Studies in Church History 41 (2005): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400000243.
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Sister Liesbeth of Heenvliet (d. 1450) was a scion of a high ranking noble family in the county of Holland. Her parents had named her after Saint Elizabeth of Hungary, from whom they were descended. Liesbeth was born blind. Her mother did not dare to inform the child’s father, Johan of Heenvliet. Instead, she appealed to God and His Mother. Contrary to what she should have done, she did not vow her daughter to God’s service. Despite her mother’s laxity, Liesbeth’s eyes healed completely. She grew into a beautiful and most intelligent girl – a further sign that God and the Virgin had extended their mercy to her.
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Josipovici, Gabriel. "Egyptian Memories." European Judaism 33, no. 1 (2000): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2000.330102.
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This is an excerpt from Gabriel Josipovici's life of his mother, Rabinovitch, who died in 1996 at the age of eighty-five. Sacha and her elder sister Vera, known as Chickie, were born in Helwan, near Cairo, in 1910 and 1909 respectively. Their father, a Jewish doctor from Odessa, died when the children were five and six, their mother was carried away by the epidemic which swept Egypt when they were ten and eleven. The greatest influence on the two little girls was their English nanny, who died the following year. After a brief period with their Syrian stepfather, Max Debbane, they went to live with their maternal grandparents, and it is here that the extract starts.
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Parrilla, I., J. M. Vázquez, C. Cuello, et al. "Hoechst 33342 stain and u.v. laser exposure do not induce genotoxic effects in flow-sorted boar spermatozoa." Reproduction 128, no. 5 (2004): 615–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00288.
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Sex selection by flow cytometry/cell sorting involves the staining of spermatozoa with Hoechst 33342 in combination with the impact of a u.v. laser beam, two potentially mutagenic agents. A phenotypic and cytogenetic study of lymphocytes of piglets born after insemination with spermatozoa stained with Hoechst 33342 and from piglets obtained from stain-sorted spermatozoa was performed to evaluate the genotoxic effect of Hoechst 33342 staining and u.v. laser irradiation on the offspring. Lymphocytes from piglets born after insemination with unstained spermatozoa, but from the same ejaculate, were used as a control group. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from these piglets were cultured following a standard cell culture protocol. Cells were then collected by centrifugation, subjected to hypotonic solution and fixed and dropped onto slides. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosome aberrations (CAs: including chromosome and chromatid breaks) per cell were scored in 50-s division metaphase spreads from each donor. Reproductive parameters and litter performance of all inseminations performed were also recorded in all groups. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. No significant increase (P> 0.05) of SCE and CA frequencies were observed in piglets born from stained spermatozoa or from stain-sorted spermatozoa with respect to controls (untreated sperm). The results indicated that no mutagenic effect on spermatozoa, expressed as increases in the incidence of abnormalities in the resulting offspring and also as increases in SCE and CA frequencies on lymphocytes from these individuals, was induced by the staining of boar spermatozoa with Hoechst 33342, nor by combination of staining with laser impact during flow cytometry.
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Urbatsch, R. "Sibling Ideological Influence: A Natural Experiment." British Journal of Political Science 41, no. 4 (2011): 693–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123411000093.
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Siblings are a potentially important source of political socialization. Influence is common, especially among younger siblings and those close in age, who tend to interact most frequently. This suggests that the positions of an individual's next-older sibling will hold particular sway. In policy questions with a gender gap, then, those whose immediately older sibling is a sister will be more likely to absorb the typically female preference; those born after a brother, the male preference. Evidence from the United States shows that this pattern holds for general left–right orientation as well as for the preferred balance between public and private sectors. Just as American women are more likely to lean left and to see government intervention positively, so are Americans whose next-older sibling is female.
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Fredheim, Siri, Jannet Svensson, Sven Pørksen, et al. "Intrafamilial Variability of Early-Onset Diabetes due to anINSMutation." Case Reports in Genetics 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/258978.
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Aim. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of two siblings and their father carrying a C95Y mutation in the insulin (INS) gene.Methods/Results. A Danish patient, his sister, and his father were identified to carry the C95Y mutation in the preproinsulin molecule causing permanent neonatal diabetes. All three were diagnosed before 29 weeks of age, were born at term with near-normal birth weight, and were negative for GAD, ICA, IA-2, and IAA autoantibodies. The daily insulin requirement the first six months after diagnosis was <0.5 U kg−1day−1for both children. The father, insulin treated for over 40 years, has bilateral preproliferative retinopathy.Conclusions. These three cases further confirm the essential features of diabetes caused byINSmutations with proteotoxic effect. We conclude that patients with similar features must be investigated for mutations ofINSgene.
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Milano, Rosanna. "C’era una volta un gufo: incanto e disincanto in The Brown Owl di Ford Madox Ford." Linguae & - Rivista di lingue e culture moderne, no. 1 (June 2013): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/ling-2013-001-mila.
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Although The Brown Owl was a successful fairy tale when first published in 1891, it has since been unjustly forgotten. The Brown Owl was Ford’s first work, written for his sister Juliet to reassure her after the saddest event of their life: their father’s death and the division of their family. The fairy story as Ford calls it, seems to follow the scheme of popular fairy tales but it was born out of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, which Ford frequented in those years and carries most of the features of the late Victorian literary aestheticism. Art for art’s sake, irony, disenchantment, longing for evasion, are among them. Ford himself later belittled his fairy tales defining them as twaddle, but fairy tale motifs peep out throughout his prose and seem to play an important role in his view of the world.
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Vollmann, Sarah Reed. "A Legacy of Loss: Stories of Replacement Dynamics and the Subsequent Child." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 69, no. 3 (2014): 219–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om69.3.a.
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This article, a qualitative exploration of the experiences of subsequent children, endeavors to clarify common issues and experiences of this population. Subsequent children, also known as subsequent siblings, are children born after the death of a brother or sister. For this study, 25 adult subsequent siblings participated in semi-structured interviews. Few researchers have written about this population, and much of what has been documented was researched from single case studies, or from very small samples. This study aims to explore the commonalities of the unique experience of being a subsequent child. Themes which emerged include various replacement child dynamics, impaired bonding with parents or altered parenting as a result of the loss, family grief and its repercussions, meaning making and spiritual questioning, fantasies about the lost sibling, disenfranchised and unresolved grief, taking on a caregiver role, and survivor guilt. The implications for clinical practice are presented.
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Arman, DM, SM Ekramullah, and SK Mukherjee. "A Giant Soft Tissue Fibrosarcoma of Posterior Head and Neck: A Case Report." Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 1, no. 2 (2017): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jninb.v1i2.29854.
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Sarcomas are malignant neoplasms originating from mesodermal tissues that constitute connective tissues of the body. This seven years old girl was born after an uncomplicated full term pregnancy. Her physical status at birth was unremarkable. Her younger sister is healthy. At age of one and a half year she developed swelling over posterior head and neck region that was gradually increasing. The rate of growth was more rapid from October 2014. She was admitted in National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital (NINS). Local examination showed a giant swelling 22X17X21 cm in size over posterior head and neck region, fixed to the sub-occipital bone, firm in consistency. Her general and neurological examination revealed no abnormalities.The authors present a case of a giant soft tissue fibrosarcoma of posterior head and neck of a seven years old girl. The case has been discussed.Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh 2015;1(2): 65-68
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Morris, J. Gareth. "Florence Gwendolen Rees. 3 July 1906—4 October 1994." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 43 (January 1997): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1997.0024.
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Gwendolen Rees was born in Abercynon, Glamorganshire, and after a brief stay in Llandaff moved to Aberdare for her schooling. She graduated from the University College of Wales, Cardiff in 1927 with Honours in zoology and, after one year of postgraduate teacher training, proceeded to postgraduate studies in parasitology in the same Department, being awarded her Ph.D. in 1930. Immediately thereafter she was appointed Assistant Lecturer in Zoology in the sister University College of Wales in Aberystwyth where she remained for the rest of her working life, formally retiring as holder of a Personal Chair in 1973. Though rather private and self–effacing she was noted for her meticulous attention to detail, the artistry of her zoological illustrations, her ability to enthuse students, and her personal elegance and charm. She was particularly distinguished for her definitive studies of the comparative functional morphology and histology of trematode and cestode worms. Her descriptions of the life history strategies of these parasitic platyhelminths threw new light on the relationships of parasites to non-vertebrate hosts and promoted enhanced interest in the evolution of host–parasite associations.
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McCormick, Kenny, Caroline King, Sara Clarke, et al. "The role of breast milk fortifier in the post-discharge nutrition of preterm infants." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 82, no. 3 (2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2021.0101.
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Infants born prematurely are often discharged from hospital before 37 weeks post-menstrual age. While breastfeeding will meet all the nutritional requirements of full-term infants, these preterm infants may need enhanced levels of protein, minerals and possibly energy to ensure optimum growth, bone mineralisation and neurological development. To meet these additional nutrient needs in the neonatal unit, it is currently recommended that multinutrient breast milk fortifier is added to maternal breast milk. There may also be benefits in continuing to provide fortified milk after discharge, potentially including improved growth and preserving breastfeeding, and this is increasingly becoming a recognised practice in some neonatal units. This article presents the discussion and consensus of a multidisciplinary panel of neonatologists, neonatal dietitians, a GP and a neonatal outreach sister. The aim is to develop guidance on providing safe and effective nutritional supplementation for preterm infants after discharge in order to maintain optimal growth. This guidance is aimed at community healthcare staff and is based on the limited evidence available, using shared best practice and expertise.
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Alzahrani, Ali S., Essa Baitei, Minging Zou, and Yufei Shi. "Thiamine transporter mutation: an example of monogenic diabetes mellitus." European Journal of Endocrinology 155, no. 6 (2006): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02305.
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Objective: Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) is a rare syndrome characterized by diabetes mellitus (DM), anemia, and sensorineural deafness. We describe the clinical course and the molecular defect of a young woman who was diagnosed to have this syndrome. Case: The patient is an 18-year-old girl whowas born to non-consanguous parents. She was noted to be deaf-mute in the first year of life. She was diagnosed with DM at the age of 9 months and with severe anemia at the age of 2 years. An extensive work up could not identify the cause. She was treated with blood transfusions every 3–4 weeks for the past 16 years. A diagnosis of TRMAwas suspected and the patient was treated with thiamine hydrochloride. Hemoglobin and platelets increased to normal values after a few weeks of thiamine therapy. Diabetic control significantly improved but she had no noticeable changes in the deafness. Methods: Peripheral blood DNAwas extracted from the patient, her mother, aunt, and a healthy sister. Exons and exon–intron boundaries of the thiamine transporter gene SLC19A2 were PCR amplified and directly sequenced. Results: A G515C homozygous mutation was identified in the SLC19A2 gene of the patient. This mutation changes Gly to Arg at codon 172 (G172R). The mother, an aunt, and a sister had a heterozygous G172R mutation. Conclusions: Mutations in thiamine transporter gene, SLC19A2, causes a rare form of monogenic diabetes, anemia, and sensorineural deafness. Thiamine induces a remarkable hematological response and improvement in the diabetic control but has no effect on deafness.
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Lacković, Zdravko, and Karlo Toljan. "Vladimir Sertić: forgotten pioneer of virology and bacteriophage therapy." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 74, no. 4 (2020): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2019.0010.
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Vladimir Sertić was a pioneer of bacteriophage research in the period between the two world wars. He was born and educated in Croatia, where he made his initial discoveries, and joined Félix d'Herelle's Laboratoire du Bactériophage in Paris in 1928. Original documents and a box with hundreds of sealed bacteriophage s samples were kept in Sertić's Zagreb home for decades. Following Vladimir's death, his sister passed this archival material to Professor Zdravko Lacković in 1989. Some years later, these artefacts were opened and studied. Additionally, we conducted a literature search using the term ‘Vladimir Sertić’ in the databases PubMed and Google Scholar. After a detailed examination of these data, we established a chronology of his work and compiled a list of his scientific publications. A complete bibliography, with the exception of those publications already cited here, is provided as an appendix. Sertić's key contributions included the exploration of the properties of phage lysins, the devising of a uniform bacteriophage classification system and, in collaboration with his protégé, Nikolai Boulgakov, the isolation of numerous bacteriophage strains, including the famous φX174. Finally it was Sertić's pioneering work in Zagreb that offered confirmation that phages are live agents.
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Collinson, D. W. "Stanley Keith Runcorn. 19 November 1922 – 5 December 1995." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 48 (January 2002): 391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2002.0023.
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Stanley Keith Runcorn was born in 1922 in Southport, Lancashire, the son of a monumentalmason of staunch Congregationalist persuasion. He was educated at the King George VGrammar School, where his strongest subjects were history and mathematics. When in thesixth form his headmaster persuaded him to take science subjects, and he was subsequentlyawarded a State Scholarship to study at Cambridge University. At an early age his father hadtaken him to a small local observatory, encouraging his interest in astronomy. On the sportingside, in spite of his later interest in rugby he refused to play the game at school and insteadconcentrated on swimming. Under his captaincy his house regularly won the swimming trophy. Runcorn showed an early interest in religious and cultural matters, which was to stay with him throughout his life. He attended a Methodist Sunday school and for some time provided a Sunday evening service for his sister and grandmother while his parents attended church. He read extensively and went to London on his own, visiting museums and architectural landmarks. Later, while at Cambridge, he developed a love of music. In 1940 he entered Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge to read electrical engineering. After graduating in 1943 he commenced research at the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE), remaining there until the end of the war. During his time at the RRE he was confirmed into the Church of England.
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BASHARIN, PAVEL V. "THE INSTITUTION OF ZOROASTRIAN MARRIAGE XWēDōDAH: THE PROBLEMS OF GENESIS AND THE QUESTIONS OF TYPOLOGY." Study of Religion, no. 1 (2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2072-8662.2021.1.5-14.
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This paper deals with the famous Zoroastrian marriage xwēdōdah. This form of marriage refers to the conjugal union of father and daughter, mother and son, brother and sister. Zoroastrianism of the Sassanid era made this institution a key element of religion, along with offering meal (mēzd) and seasonal holidays (gāhānbār). The question of whether this institution is a part of ancient Iranian legacy or has emerged later, is still controversial among the scholars. Careful development of xwēdōdah in the late Pahlavi works after the Arab conquest in the 9th century could have been the propagation of the priesthood who tried to protect Zoroastrian society against infiltration and destruction or sticking to archaic norms in an effort to preserve their religion in the face of extinction. The paper gives an overview of the most relevant theories about xwēdōdah. The genesis of this institution probably traces to the pre-Indo-European cultural substrate. Some modern scholars, looking for an explanation, pay attention to the works of anthropologists. The rejection of incest in all societies with exogamic regulation led to a certain taboo. This taboo is often due to the birth defects of children born out of consanguineous marriages. In the author’s opinion, the hypothesis of “ritual value” by A.R. Radcliffe-Brown seems to be the most appropriate to this case.
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Goldbloom, Richard B., Andrea C. Bracikowski, and Richard B. Goldbloom. "INDEX OF SUSPICION." Pediatrics In Review 13, no. 5 (1992): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.13.5.183.
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This section of Pediatrics in Review reminds clinicians of those conditions that can present in a misleading fashion and require suspicion for early diagnosis. Emphasis has been placed on conditions in which early diagnosis is important and that the general pediatrician might be expected to encounter, at least once in a while. The reader is encouraged to write possible diagnoses for each case before turning to the discussion, which is on the following page. We invite readers to contribute case presentations with discussions. Case 1 Presentation A 3-mo-old girl is admitted to the hospital for investigation of generalized swelling of 1 week's duration. The swelling involves her face and extremities. Her 2-y-old sister is healthy and her parents are not related. The baby was born at term following an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery and was breast fed during the first month of life. She fed eagerly but cried a lot, usually beginning 30 to 60 min after each feeding. Suspecting that she was not providing sufficient milk, her mother weaned her to a standard prepared infant formula at 1 mo of age. Although she took the formula well, the baby continued to cry excessively and had loose, foul-smelling stools. On the advice of her physician, she was changed to a soy-based formula, which she again took eagerly.
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Mango, S. E., C. J. Thorpe, P. R. Martin, S. H. Chamberlain, and B. Bowerman. "Two maternal genes, apx-1 and pie-1, are required to distinguish the fates of equivalent blastomeres in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo." Development 120, no. 8 (1994): 2305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.8.2305.
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In a 4-cell Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, two sister blastomeres called ABa and ABp are born with equivalent developmental potential, but eventually produce distinct patterns of cell fate. The different fates of ABa and ABp are specified at least in part by inductive interactions with neighboring blastomeres. Previous studies indicate that, at the 4-cell stage, a signal from the posterior-most blastomere, P2, is required for ABp to produce at least one of its unique cell types. This P2/ABp interaction depends on glp-1, a putative receptor for intercellular interactions. To investigate this early induction further, we isolated mutants in which ABp developed abnormally. We describe the effects of recessive mutations in apx-1, a maternal gene that appears to be required for P2 to signal ABp. In embryos from mothers homozygous for mutations in apx-1 (apx-1 embryos), ABp fails to produce its characteristic cell types. Instead, ABp from apx-1 embryos develops more like its sister ABa: it produces ABa-like pharyngeal cells and it recapitulates ABa-like cell lineages. Because mutations in apx-1 affect the development of only the ABp blastomere, we suggest that the wild-type gene encodes a component of the P2/ABp signalling pathway. To explain the observation that ABp in apx-1 embryos adopts an ABa-like fate, we propose a model in which the P2 signal is required to break the initial equivalence of ABa and ABp. We performed two independent tests of this model. First, we examined ABp development in pie-1 mutant embryos, in which P2 adopts the identity of another blastomere. We find that, in pie-1 embryos, APp fails to produce its characteristic cell types and instead adopts a fate similar to that of ABa. We conclude that the changed identity of P2 in pie-1 embryos prevents the P2/ABp interaction. As a second test, we examined ABp development in wild-type embryos after physically removing P2. These operated embryos produce extra pharyngeal cells, consistent with out proposal that a signal from P2 breaks the initially equivalent developmental state of ABa and ABp. We discuss the possibility that apx-1 acts as a ligand in this glp-1-dependent signalling pathway.
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Ding, Yueming, and Curt D. Sigmund. "Genetic Evidence That Loss of Intra-Renal Angiotensinogen Is not the Cause of Lethality in Angiotensinogen Deficient Mice." Hypertension 36, suppl_1 (2000): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hyp.36.suppl_1.687.
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51 Angiotensinogen (Agt) deficient mice are born in normal numbers but die before weaning presumably due to renal dysfunction caused by severe vascular lesions. Since Agt is expressed in renal proximal tubule cells, we hypothesized that its loss is responsible for the lethal phenotype. We generated two models to test this hypothesis by breeding transgenic mice expressing human renin (R+) with mice expressing human Agt either systemically (A+) or kidney-specifically (KA+). We then bred double transgenic mice (R+/A+ or R+/KA+) with Agt-/- mice to generate R+/A+ Agt+/- or R+/KA+ Agt+/-. We then intercrossed the compound heterozygotes by brother/sister mating. Each offspring of this cross was genotyped for the presence of the human transgenes and at the Agt locus. The population was then stratified into groups (double transgenic and non-double transgenic), and the data was analyzed by χ 2 . Based on Mendelian genetics, if survival is not an issue, 25% of the offspring should be Agt-/-. Of 63 R-/A- (non-double transgenic) offspring, only 3 survivors were genotyped as Agt-/-, whereas of 68 R+/A+ offspring, 17 were Agt -/- and all survived to adults. These data demonstrate that systemic expression of Agt and Ang-II can rescue the Agt deletion. On the contrary, of 65 R-/KA- and 63 R+/KA+ offspring, not a single mouse was genotyped as Agt-/- (χ 2 = 0.0001). An analysis of 159 newborns indicated that Agt-/- mice were born in normal numbers (n= 41). Collection of dead 10-day old pups (n= 27) revealed an enrichment in Agt-/- (20 of 27 mice). Importantly, using RNase protection analysis we demonstrated that the KA+ transgene was temporally expressed during renal development similar to the endogenous Agt and at comparable levels. These data strongly support the notion that the loss of intra-renal Agt is not responsible for death in the Agt-/- mouse model. Taken together with our previous results, we conclude that the intra-renal renin-angiotensin system located in the proximal tubule plays an important role in blood pressure regulation, and may cause hypertension if overexpressed, but is not required for continued development of the kidney after birth.
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Denton, Derek A., and Iain MacIntyre. "Sylvia Agnes Sophia Tait. 8 January 1917 — 28 February 2003." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 52 (January 2006): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2006.0026.
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Sylvia Agnes Sophia Tait was born on 8 January 1917 in Tumen, Siberia, Russia. She was the daughter of James Wardropper, an agronomist and trader, working in Russia. It seems that James Wardropper worked there with his elder brother, Robert (Huntford 1997). The wife of James Wardropper, Ludmilla, was a Russian who had the rare distinction of graduating in mathematics from the University of Moscow in the time of the reign of the Tsar. James and Ludmilla Wardropper adopted a Russian girl, Pasha; she became part of the family and helped to look after Sylvia. During the revolution, in 1920 the whole family, including Pasha (but not including Robert) left Russia from Vladivostok for the UK, where James Wardropper eventually became a successful civil engineer. The fate of Robert Wardropper remains a mystery. The other Wardroppers first stayed in the UK in Ealing, London, where Sylvia attended the local secondary school, the Ealing County School for Girls. In her senior years there, she mainly studied languages, particularly German but also French and Latin. The Wardroppers had relatives in Germany and, before World War II, Sylvia spent some time in Germany, including Berlin, which improved her German. In addition, of course, at that time she spoke fairly fluent Russian with her mother and step-sister, Pasha. Sylvia had considerable trouble in establishing her citizenship because of her birthplace but eventually was officially declared British. Because of the nature of the father's history as a Scottish engineer in Russia and also the effects of the revolution, Sylvia never met her maternal grandparents and knew little about them.
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Pankhurst, Richard. "Ethiopian Dynastic Marriage and the Bétä Esra'él." Aethiopica 1 (September 13, 2013): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/aethiopica.1.1.616.
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Significant contacts between the Ethiopian State and the Bétä Esraʾél began in the late sixteenth century with the move of the imperial capital to the Lake Ṭana area, which was relatively near to Fälaša settlements in or around the Sämén mountains.At about this time Ḥarägo, an apparently high-born Fälaša woman, supposedly the sister of Gedéwon, the Bétä Esraʾél ruler of Sämén, and reportedly a recent convert to Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, became the consort, or as the Jesuits preferred to say a “concubine” of the redoubtable Emperor Särṣä Dengel. She bore him four sons. One, Zä-Maryam, was chosen as heir to the throne, but died before he could succeed. The second, Yaʿqob, actually ascended the imperial throne, but was too young to make any significant achievement. Two others, Keflä Maryam, and Mätäko, threw in their lot with their kinsman Gedéwon, and thus played a notable role in imperial and/or Fälaša local politics.There is no evidence whatsoever to suggest that Ethiopian Christians regarded Ḥarägo, or her children, as in any way different from the rest of the royal family, or that they were in any way discriminated against on account of their non-Christian, or Bétä Esraʾél, origin.The idea of a dynastic alliance with the Bétä Esraʾél was subsequently revived by Emperor Susneyos’s rebel brother Ras Yämanä Krestos. He proposed giving his daughter, the Emperor’s niece, to the Sämén ruler Gedéwon’s son and heir Walay. Ras Yämanä Krestos’ rebellion was, however, crushed, after which Susneyos exiled his brother to Gojjam, and forbade the proposed Bétä Esraʾél dynastic alliance. As a Roman Catholic, seeking military support from the Portuguese, and an adherent of the Jesuits, who wished to cleanse Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity of “Judaic” elements, he would moreover have been predisposed against playing the Fälaša card.The subsequent decline of Bétä Esraʾél power, the disappearance of the Fälaša ruling dynasty, and the growing importance of fire-arms, which the Fälaša lacked, created a new strategic and political climate in which dynastic alliances between the Ethiopian monarchy and the Bétä Esraʾél no longer had any place.
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ZALIYEVA, Leyla. "THE DRAMATURGİCAL ROLE OF CHORAL SCENES İN VASİF ADİGOZALOV’S OPERA “DEAD”." IEDSR Association 6, no. 12 (2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.268.
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Vasif Adigozalov was one of the artists who attracted attention during the brilliant development of the Azerbaijani composition school in the 70 s of the XX century. Born in Karabakh, a fascinating sorner of Azerbaijan, in the family of the famous and talented singer Zulfu Adigozalov’s works reflected the priceless pages of the national music culture. The story-based opera “The Dead”, which entered the history of literature as a comedy, is also regarded as the first comedy opera in our music history. However, every Azerbaijani who knows the work realizes what a great tragedy is actually happening here. V.Adigozalov began writing this work after graduating from the conservatory. The play was performed at the Azerbaijan State Opera and Ballet Theater named after M.F.Akhundof, in 1963. In V.Adigozalov’s opera, the choir acts as one of the main characters in the dramatic development of the work. Each choral stage server as a driving force within, as well as conditioning the course of events. The choir also represents the image of the public and character that expresses the main idea of the work. In this respect, particular attention should be paid to women’s choir. Because women who are victims of this ignorance. Therefore, the screams, deep tragedies and dramas of the women’s choir are reflected. Another concrete example of the women’s theme is seen in the scenes with Nazli and her mother. In particular, choral scenes, which express Nazli’s belief in the return of his dead sister, eventually lost all hope, and the moaning of traumatized young girls, are the dramatic culmination of the tragedy in opera. When we look at the musical language of the choirs, national intonation and rhythmic features draw attention. The intonations of folk music, characteristic of the composer’s musical language, are clearly felt in all stages of the opera and in the choir. Considering the unique melodies of V.Adigozalov’s vocal music in the vocal and choral performance is important. This direction is also reflevted in other music and stage work, including the composer’s vocal music.
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Kuraeva, T. L., O. V. Remizov, B. A. Arkhipov, and I. I. Dedov. "Telangiectasia, ataxia, hypermobility syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and diabetes - a new syndrome?" Problems of Endocrinology 42, no. 2 (1996): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12027.
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The proportion of people with genetic syndromes accompanied by diabetes mellitus or impaired tolerance to carbohydrates is less than 1% among all patients with diabetes mellitus. Currently, more than 70 such syndromes are described, in the clinical manifestation of which impaired tolerance to carbohydrates or diabetes mellitus is important. Examples include ataxia - telangiectasia, myotonic dystrophy, generalized or partial lipodystrophy. In the available literature, we have not seen any observations of the combination of diabetes mellitus with telangiectasias, ataxia, hypermobility of the joints, hyper-stretch of the skin, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We give an observation. Patient A., 15 years old, was admitted to the children's department of the Institute of Diabetes of the Endocrinology Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences with complaints of sharp weakness in the legs, inability to move independently, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, thirst, polyuria. Mother 39 years old, father 43 years old, sister 12 years old, all are healthy. A patient from the 3rd pregnancy, which proceeded with the threat of interruption throughout pregnancy. Two previous pregnancies in the patient's mother ended in miscarriages. Childbirth at the 8th month in the buttock presentation, with placental abruption. Body weight at birth 1800 g, body length 44 cm. The patient was born in asphyxia, with hemorrhages in the skin of the face. At the age of 2 years, 3 months after ARVI, the child developed shortness of breath, liver enlargement up to 6 cm from under the edge of the costal arch along the midclavicular line, and an increase in systolic blood pressure to 130 mm Hg. Art. At 3 years 4 months old, the diagnosis was established: idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. From this age, the patient was periodically disturbed by severe abdominal pain, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, which were regarded as an exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis. The last attack at 15 years (urine amylase within normal limits). At 6 years of age, due to frequent nosebleeds observed from the age of 5, as well as telangiectasia of the skin vessels, he was diagnosed with OslerWeberRendu syndrome disease. In connection with the persisting hepatomegaly, a glucose tolerance test was performed at the age of 15 to exclude glycogenosis. A violation of tolerance to carbohydrates was revealed. After 1 month, symptoms of diabetes appeared. After another 1 month in a precomatous state, the patient was hospitalized in the regional children's hospital at the place of residence. At discharge, the daily dose of insulin was 44 units. 3 months after the manifestation of diabetes mellitus appeared weakness in the legs, which progressed rapidly. After 5 months, the patient was hospitalized at the Endocrinology Research Centre of RAMS.
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Sasa, Ghadir S., M. Tarek Elghetany, Katie Bergstrom, et al. "Adenosine Deaminase 2 Deficiency As a Cause of Pure Red Cell Aplasia Mimicking Diamond Blackfan Anemia." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3615.3615.
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Abstract Diamond Blackfan anemia (DBA) is an inherited pure red cell aplasia. Most cases present in the first year of life with elevation in erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (eADA) and frequently with increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and hemoglobin F (hgb F). Approximately 70 percent of cases are due to a mutation in one of several ribosomal protein (RP) genes or in GATA1, whereas the remaining cases are genetically uncharacterized. Here we report a child born with severe anemia and diagnosed with DBA at 2 months of age. His bone marrow was normocellular with a paucity of erythroid progenitors and scattered lymphocytes. An eADA level was not obtained prior to the first red cell transfusion. He was red cell transfusion dependent and his anemia did not respond to a steroid trial. His 4 year old sister, who had normal hemoglobin, MCV, hgb F, and eADA measurements, served as his HLA identical donor for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). HSCT resulted in 100% donor chimerism, but red cell engraftment was not achieved. He subsequently underwent a mismatched unrelated HSCT with trilineage engraftment. Ten years later, at the age of 14 years, the sister presented with profound hypoproductive normocytic anemia. The bone marrow showed absence of erythroid precursors and presence of lymphoid aggregates. Findings of immunodeficiency included numerous cutaneous warts, recurrent aphthous ulcers, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) reactivation, low IgM, and low numbers and percentages of CD19+ and CD3-56+16+ lymphocytes. The anemia and reticulocytopenia persisted despite resolution of EBV reactivation. Upon her presentation, levels of iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and liver transaminases were elevated. A liver biopsy obtained after transfusion of a total of 60 ml/kg packed red blood cells demonstrated 4.8 mg Fe/g dry liver weight with stage 2 portal fibrosis. Targeted DNA sequencing studies performed on the affected sister were negative for single nucleotide variants in any of 12 RP genes previously implicated in DBA and a genome wide chromosome microarray was normal. Whole exome analysis of her and her parents demonstrated that she carried compound heterozygous variants in CECR1 (cat eye syndrome chromosome region, candidate 1). The variant p.R169Q had been previously reported as pathogenic, while the p.G358R variant was of uncertain significance. These variants are present at frequencies of 4.9X10-4 and 2.6X10-5 in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, respectively. Analysis of buccal swab DNA of the proband showed the same biallelic variants. An unaffected 16-year-old sibling had a normal genotype. CECR1 encodes adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) and ADA2 levels in the plasma of the affected sister were markedly low, consistent with a deficiency state. CECR1 is highly expressed in cells of myeloid origin and ADA2 is a secreted protein implicated in macrophage differentiation and proliferation. Deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2) results in aberrant monocyte differentiation favoring M1 over M2 macrophages, thereby resulting in a proinflammatory state. Recent descriptions of patients with DADA2 due to CECR1 mutations reported a spectrum of phenotypes including intermittent fevers, lacunar stroke in childhood, livedoid rash, polyarteritis nodosa, and immunodeficiency with B lymphopenia and low IgM levels. Our cases are similar to the report of one of two brothers, homozygous for CECR1 p.R169Q, described by van Montfrans, et al,. (NEJM, 2014). The eldest was given a diagnosis of atypical DBA (refractory pure red cell aplasia) in infancy and underwent a HSCT from his asymptomatic, HLA identical brother. This HSCT resulted in non-engraftment, necessitating a subsequent unrelated donor HSCT. The younger sibling donor later developed hepatosplenomegaly, profound lymphopenia, and evidence of an inflammatory state. Together, these three cases support pure red cell aplasia as a presentation of DADA2 and that this may be confused with DBA, particularly when manifest in infancy. We propose DADA2 should be considered in patients with genetically uncharacterized DBA. Differentiating features to suggest DADA2 may include normal eADA, MCV, and hgb F levels and findings of associated immunodeficiency. Additionally, the macrophage activation due to DADA2 may have played a role in the iron overload observed in our second patient prior to any red cell transfusion. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hart, D. Bentley. "The ‘Whole Humanity’: Gregory of Nyssa's Critique of Slavery in Light of His Eschatology." Scottish Journal of Theology 54, no. 1 (2001): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600051188.
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Nowhere in the literary remains of antiquity is there another document quite comparable to Gregory of Nyssa's fourth homily on the book of Ecclesiastes: certainly no other ancient text still known to us—Christian, Jewish, or Pagan—contains so fierce, unequivocal, and indignant a condemnation of the institution of slavery. Not that it constitutes a particularly lengthy treatise: it is only a part of the sermon itself, a brief exegedeal excursus on Ecclesiastes 2:7 (‘I got me male and female slaves, and had my home-born slaves as well’), but it is a passage of remarkable rhetorical intensity. In it Gregory treats slavery not as a luxury that should be indulged in only temperately (as might an Epicurean), nor as a necessary domestic economy too often abused by arrogant or brutal slave-owners (as might a Stoic like Seneca or a Christian like John Chrysostom), but as intrinsically sinful, opposed to God's actions in creation, salvation, and the church, and essentially incompatible with the Gospel. Of course, in an age when an economy sustained otherwise than by chattel slavery was all but unimaginable, the question of abolition was simply never raised, and so the apparent uniqueness of Gregory's sermon is, in one sense, entirely unsurprising. Gregory lived at a time, after all, when the response of Christian theologians to slavery ranged from—at best—resigned acceptance to—at worst—vigorous advocacy. But, then, this makes all the more perplexing the question of how one is to account for Gregory's eccentricity. Various influences on his thinking could of course be cited— most notably, perhaps, that of his revered teacher and sister Macrina, who had prevailed upon Gregory's mother to live a common life with her servants—but this could at best help to explain only Gregory's general distaste for the institution; it would still not account for the sheer uncompromising vehemence of his denunciations.
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Georgiana, Dinu Lorena, Toma Ruxandra, Ionuţ Popa, and Simona Trifu. "MULTIPLE PERSONALITY. DISSOCIATION MECHANISM OPPOSITE TO SCHIZOPHRENIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 4 (2021): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i4.2021.3896.
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Motivation: identity disorder is a mental disorder with a major impact on all aspects of a person's life, affecting in many cases most of its functional areas. The patient in this case study is 40 years old and appears to have good functionality at work, but his personal life is affected. As co-morbid disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and substance use can be mentioned. On the other hand, making a differential diagnosis between identity disorder and schizophrenia is difficult for this patient, because he has symptoms with elements specific for both disorders. Objectives: This paper aims to assess the current profile and longitudinal dynamics of a identity disorder in the case of a 40-year-old patient. He was brought to the psychiatrist by his sister, who found some quirks in his brother's behavior and insisted that he consult a specialist to help him. Also, considering the stress-vulnerability model, the factors that contributed to the onset of the pathology will be captured. Simultaneously with the symptoms of this disorder, we will also consider the effects that substance use has on the patient's condition. Methods: Psychological evaluation, interview, case study, management of the therapeutic alliance and proposal of a long-term treatment, in the absence of which the symptoms may worsen, with the risk of significantly affecting functionality and even suicide. Results: The study outlines a profile based on the fragility of the ego and personal boundaries, going as far as the splitting of the ego, the patient declares that there are different people in it: &quot;authority, accountant, good will&quot;, &quot;Half of the things I say I hear for the first time&quot;), the fragility of the boundaries of reality (&quot;life is not reality&quot;, &quot;to stay away from reality and stay in my mind for a while&quot;), confusion between the material area and the immaterial one (&quot;the bottom step of the safety pyramid&quot;, &quot;I don't clean the house because it costs; at first it costs detergents and then it costs the mind to force itself to clean it too&quot;), dissociation between body, mind and soul (&quot;I speak with my desires&quot;, &quot;the body was born first, I was born after; the desires are his&quot;), chain of ideas and flight of thoughts, to which are added behaviors from the obsessive-compulsive spectrum (&quot; mistakes are a kind of death &quot;,&quot; I am not allowed to spend, not for me either ”,“ 10 pairs of socks. Do you have? We are not talking”)
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REYNOLDS, M., D. CALDERINI, A. CONDON, and M. VARGAS. "PAPER PRESENTED AT INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INCREASING WHEAT YIELD POTENTIAL, CIMMYT, OBREGON, MEXICO, 20–24 MARCH 2006 Association of source/sink traits with yield, biomass and radiation use efficiency among random sister lines from three wheat crosses in a high-yield environment." Journal of Agricultural Science 145, no. 1 (2007): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859607006831.
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For many years yield improvement reported in wheat was associated with increased dry matter partitioning to grain, but more recently increases in above-ground biomass have indicated a different mechanism for achieving yield potential. The most likely way of increasing crop biomass is by improving radiation use efficiency (RUE); however there is evidence that sink strength is still a critical yield limiting factor in wheat, suggesting that improving the balance between source and sink (source/sink (SS)) is currently the most promising approach for increasing yield, biomass, and RUE. Experiments were designed to establish a more definitive link of SS traits with yield, biomass and RUE in high-yield environments using progeny deriving from parents contrasting in some of those traits. The SS traits formed three main groups relating to (i) phenological pattern of the crop, (ii) assimilation capacity up until shortly after anthesis, and (iii) partitioning of assimilates to reproductive structures shortly after anthesis. The largest genetic gains in performance traits were associated with the second group; however, traits from the other groups were also identified as being genetically linked to improvement in performance parameters. Because many of these traits are interrelated, principal component analysis (PCA) multiple regression and path analysis were used to expose these relationships more clearly. The trait most consistently associated with performance traits was biomass at anthesis (BMA). The PCA indicated a fairly close association among traits within this group (i.e. assimilation-related traits) while those from the other two groups of SS traits (i.e. phenological and partitioning) appeared to have secondary but independent effects. These conclusions were partially born out by stepwise multiple regression for individual crosses where BMA was often complemented by traits from the two other groups. Taken together, the data suggest that the assimilation traits biomass in vegetative stage (BMV) and BMA have partially independent genetic effects in this germplasm and were complementary to achieving improved performance. The identification of a number of SS traits associated with yield and biomass, which both PCA and multiple regression suggest as being at least partially independent of one another, support the idea that additive gene action could be achieved by adopting a physiological trait based breeding approach where traits from different groups are combined in a single background. A second breeding intervention based on these results would be in selecting progeny for BMA and BMV using spectral reflectance approaches since those traits that lend themselves to large-scale screening. Path analysis confirmed the importance of the spike primordial stage in the genotype by environment interaction for these traits.
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Lingam, Hima B., Roberto H. Nussenveig, Qiqing Zhu, Naijie Jing, and Josef T. Prchal. "The First Indian Mutation of NADH-Cytochrome b5 Reductase as a Cause for Type 1 Methemoglobinemia." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 1677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1677.1677.
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Abstract Congenital methemoglobinemia caused by cytochrome b5 reductase(b5R) deficiency is sporadic worldwide, although clusters of this disorder have been identified in certain ethnic groups. Several case reports of congenital methemoglobinemia have been reported from India, most with cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency. However, as of yet, no cytochrome b5 reductase Indian mutation has been identified. Here we describe the first molecular basis of b5R deficiency to cause methemoglobinemia in India. The propositus is a 22 year old Indian male who was born from a consanguineous union in Southern India. He was cyanotic since birth. He had no neurologic deficits and no known exposures to drugs or toxins. Congenital methemoglobinemia was suspected after an extensive cardiopulmonary workup was unrevealing. He had an elevated methemoglobin level of 16%. Hemoglobin M was not present. Spectrophotometric assay of b5R activity in erythrocytes was 4% of normal mean, while his father had normal enzyme activity and his mother and sister had 35 and 45% of normal, respectively. b5R activity in the propositus’ platelets and granulocytes was normal, consistent with a diagnosis of type 1 methemoglobinemia. Genomic DNA was PCR amplified and sequenced. A mutation was found in exon 8 in the second position of codon 217 which is a T to C transversion at position 25985 in the gene which changes the amino acid at that position from leucine to proline(L217P). The propositus was homozygous for the mutation, while both parents and sister were heterozygous for this mutation, confirming the autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance of type 1 methemoglobinemia. b5R mRNA levels were elevated in all family members, a finding not previously reported with any b5R mutation. We also show that measurement of enzyme activity is not reliable for detection of heterozygosity of b5R deficiency as his father had normal enzyme activity. The L217P mutation, located in the NADH binding domain, lies in a region of the sequence that is highly conserved throughout evolution from yeast to man, suggesting its essential importance in enzyme function. We examined the effect of this mutation by replacing the wild-type residue with the mutant one in the human b5R structure(PDB:1UMK) using the program Insight II. As residue 217 lies at the base of alpha helix Nα3, the L217P mutation causes steric hindrance with contacts between the proline side-chain and the main chain before energy minimization. Following energy minimization, no major changes in main-chain path were observed. However, contact alterations with residues within 3.0A radius of residue 217 were recorded. Since residue 217 is located within a hydrophobic pocket we also examined the effect of the mutation on solvent accessibility. Our model predicts that glutamate 220, a polar amino acid, is buried deeper in the hydrophobic pocket in the mutant protein. Assuming our model is accurate, the mutation is predicted to result in enzyme instability, thus explaining the type 1 phenotype of the propositus. Biochemical studies are underway to test the validity of our model. It remains to be seen if this disorder is endemic in India as it is in other ethnic groups. Figure Figure
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Setyaputri, Khairina Eka, Abdul Fadlil, and Sunardi Sunardi. "Analisis Metode Certainty Factor pada Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit THT." Jurnal Teknik Elektro 10, no. 1 (2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jte.v10i1.14031.
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There are two factors that cause a disease, called Congenital and Acquired. Congenital refers to a disease a person is born with, while Acquired refers to a disease acquired after a person was born such as infection, trauma, and neoplasm. The infected person will sometimes require information on the disease before going to the doctor or a hospital. Such information may be found from a system which receives input on the symptoms and gives a clear information on the corresponding disease. This may be achieved via a system of experts, in which the expert refers to an ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) specialist. Such information is hoped to provide a solution on the disease. The system of ENT specialists designed and research in this paper used the certainty factor method. The method will overcome the uncertainty in decision making depending on the symptoms described by the user. This paper is successfully applied certainty factor method used as an instrument of decision making in the system of ENT specialists. The system is web-based, enabling the user to access and choose the symptoms of the disease as well as acquiring information on ENT diseases easly.
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Nazir, Hanan, Murtadha K. Al-Khabori, Naschla Kohistani, Jacek Puchalka, and Christoph Klein. "A Rare Case of Congenital Atransferrinemia: International Collaboration for Genetic Diagnosis." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 4883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4883.4883.
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Abstract Congenital atransferrinemia is an extremely rare hematologic disease caused by transferrin deficiency, and characterized by microcytic hypochromic anemia with iron overload, and that can be fatal if left untreated. The prevalence is unknown. To date, there have been 16 reported cases from 14 families, with few cases confirmed genetically. Here, we report a new case from the Middle East that was diagnosed on clinical ground, and then confirmed by genetic testing through international collaboration. M.T is a 32 months old Egyptian boy, 2nd child of a consanguineous couple, with a healthy 5.5 years older sister. He was born at full term by SVD, suffered physiological jaundice as a newborn. He also had Talipes equinovarus and hypospadias. He was first brought to medical attention at a local hospital at the age of 8 months because of a febrile illness, when he was accidentally discovered to be very pale with Hb of 4.8 g/dl. He received packed RBC transfusion followed by oral iron therapy for 2 weeks, and then another assessment revealed Hb 6.9 g/dl, so he received another transfusion, and then referred to the University Hospital for further assessment. Examined at the age of 20 months, he had marked pallor, tachycardia, and mild hepatosplenomegaly, otherwise the child was normal with average anthropometric measurements. CBC revealed severe microcytic hypochromic anemia (Hb 4.8, MCV 54 fl, MCH 18 pg), MCHC 30 g/dl). Hb electrophoresis: normal Screening for Alfa and Beta thalassemia: normal wild type. Iron profile revealed hypoferremia (Serum iron: 6 ug/dl), TIBC: below assay range, and high serum ferritin: 669 ng/ml. Based on these results, atransferrinemia was suspected, so he was tested for serum transferrin, and reported as very low (8 mg/dl). Bone marrow aspirate was normocellular for age, showing normal granulopoiesis, normoblastic erythropoiesis, and normal megakaryopoiesis, no evidence of dysplasia or abnormal or malignant cells. Prussian blue stain showed depleted iron stores. Serum lead, bilirubin, liver and kidney function tests were normal Both parents had normal blood picture and iron profile. Human apotransferrin was not available in Egypt, so, plasma transfusion was instituted every 2-4 weeks, through which regimen he is maintaining Hb level between 7-12 gm/dl. As molecular diagnosis for that very rare disease was not feasible in Egypt, after parental consent, blood samples from patient and both parents were sent to Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Munich, and a novel transferrin genemutation was detected by NGS(TF, NM_001063.3, c.1247A>G, p.Y416C) that is currently being validated by Sanger sequencing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first atransferrinemia report from the Middle East, where prevalence of thalassaemia and iron deficiency anemia is high. However, this rare anemia case underlines the importance of considering rare hereditary disorders like atransferrinemia as the cause for unexplained hypochromic microcytic anemia associated with iron overload, in order to initiate appropriate treatment and avoid iron overload related complications. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ujvári, Hedvig. "Balancing between different careers - The starting career of Max Nordau as physician and journalist in Budapest." Kaleidoscope history 11, no. 22 (2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17107/kh.2021.22.156-166.
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The doctor, journalist, Zionist, and essayist of cultural criticism Max Nordau (born as Simon Maximilian Südfeld 1849 Pest – died in Paris 1923), after high school graduation 1867 enrolled in Medical School at the University of Pest. Aged 37, he became famous at once for his book of cultural criticism titled Conventional Lies of Human Culture (Die conventionellen Lügen der Kulturmenschheit) and later he ruled the narrative and the set of definitions of Fin de Siècle by his main work Degeneration (Entartung). The year 1867 was also an important year in Nordau’s career as a journalist when he was hired to write for Pester Lloyd, a prestigious German-language journal. Prior to World War 1, he submitted Feuilletons to numerous newspapers of Europe and Northern America and was engaged among others for 35 years by the Vossische Zeitung. His works are in 17 languages available and his bestseller Degeneration had e.g. in England seven editions within four months. Between 1873 and 1876 Nordau travelled across Germany and parts of Northern Europe and in 1874, he finally began his long-awaited European tour he earned financially himself. He returned to Budapest only in Dezember 1875 and completed his medical exams. However, he did not stay in Budapest for long. He moved to Paris with his younger sister and mother, where he worked as a doctor and the correspondent of several European journals and in 1880 settled there permanently. When Nordau arrived in Paris, the opportunities he was presented with as a freelance journalist and the international fame of the Parisian medical circles were definitely a positive experiences to him. Nordau’s main achievement was complying with his two professional activities. As a physician, he endeavoured to analyse the contemporary culture by available means of psychopathology. Nevertheless, his diagnosis turned out as a total failure. He denied the creational capabilities of mainstream artists like novelists (Baudelaire, Zola, Verlaine, Tolstoi etc.), componists (e.g. Richard Wagner) and Philosophers (e.g. Nietzsche) and stigmatized them simply as insane and degenerated. However, his significant merits survived in the history of literature since he was a pioneer of modern cultural criticism thus his later impact e.g. on Georg Lukacs was obvious. Concerning Nordau’s works beyond novels, dramas and letters, medical and Zionistic documents, there are prevailing works of cultural criticism. They testify clearly that he was an icon of cultural criticism of Friedrich Nietsche’s significance and one of the leading intellectuals of Europe at the time of the Fin de Siècle. The aim of this paper is to show the years Nordau spent in Pest/ Budapest in terms of polyglottism and national identity. We discuss his linguistic and cultural paradigm shift since 1861 which forced Nordau first into defence and then into isolation both socio-culturally and professionally. He planned to write a dissertation about medical anthropology, a field for which there were no Hungarian specialists at that time.
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Więch, Arkadiusz S. "Z Mościsk do Jugowa - relacje Józefy Wójcik i Marii Kocur repatriantek z Kresów Wschodnich." Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe 10 (November 30, 2018): 205–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/kpk.10.2018.10.07.
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From Mościska to Jugów. Testimonies of Józefa Wójcik and Maria Kocur, repatriates from the Eastern Polish BorderlandsThe history of the inhabitants of the former Polish Eastern Borderlands is an interesting research topic, especially when connected to everyday life issues. Oral testimonies are important historical sources which help explore the subject better. This paper presents transcriptions of two conversations with sisters Józefa Wójcik (born in 1930) and Maria Kocór (born in 1928). Both of them were born and spent their prime years around Mościska near Lviv, and after World War II were re-settled to Jugów in Lower Silesia. The interviews were conducted in 2014 as part of a research project in the field of oral history entitled “Everyday life of inhabitants of the Owl Mountains in 1945-1970”.
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Cantine, Anne Touhill. "The Birth of Joseph Gabriel." Journal of Perinatal Education 22, no. 4 (2013): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.22.4.186.
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In this column, a mother shares the story of the birth of her first child. With confidence in the process of birth and in her ability to give birth, and with the support, confidence, and encouragement of her mother and sisters, Anne manages to cope with strong contractions through a busy day. Finally, her husband realizes how fast labor is progressing. Baby Joseph was born less than 2 hours after arrival at the hospital.
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Havens, Hilary. "Memorializing Sorrow in Frances Burney’s “Consolatory Extracts”." Eighteenth-Century Life 43, no. 3 (2019): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-7725716.
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After her beloved sister Susan died on 6 January 1800, Frances Burney wrote several grieving letters, but her ordinarily voluminous journals and letters were markedly scant during the year 1800. Burney expressed her grief later and elsewhere, particularly in her little-known commonplace book, “Consolatory Extracts occasioned by the tragic death of her sister Susan Phillips in January 1800,” which reveals her protracted process of mourning through her appropriation of extracts from A Series of Letters Between Mrs. Elizabeth Carter and Miss Catherine Talbot, from the year 1741 to 1770 (1809) and its composition following her mastectomy in 1811. Many of the themes in “Consolatory Extracts” suggest that Burney’s memorializing of Susan is similarly borne out in her fictional works, particularly her unfinished tragedy Elberta (1785–1814) and her novel The Wanderer (1814).
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SARTIKA, ERWANI MERRY, RUDI SARJONO, and REINALDO STEVEN RESTIANTO. "Simulasi Sistem Otomasi Load Shedding menggunakan Prediksi Beban." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 7, no. 1 (2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v7i1.180.
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ABSTRAKSimulator penggunaan energi listrik sangat membantu dalam perencanaan pasokan listrik secara terus menerus atau perlu pemadaman bila terjadi gangguan. Agar kinerja pembangkit dapat kembali normal, bertahap, dan terencana akibat mengalami gangguan, maka digunakan metoda Load Shedding. Sistem otomasi dibutuhkan untuk merealisasikan metoda Load Shedding, dan melalui simulator dapat mengurangi resiko terhadap kerusakan bila langsung diimplementasikan. PLC digunakan untuk memprediksi beban saat load shedding, sedangkan SCADA digunakan untuk menampilkan prioritas dan status beban. Load shedding 1 adalah tindakan pelepasan beban bila pada salah satu genset mengalami gangguan, sedangkan Load shedding 2 bila pada kedua genset mengalami gangguan. Simulasi sistem load shedding 1 dan 2 berhasil dilakukan pelepasan beban secara otomatis. Setelah pelepasan beban, kapasitas beban yang ditanggung genset sesuai dengan prediksi dari PLC. Terdapat perbedaan hasil antara daya yang diprediksi secara perhitungan dan daya terukur, kemungkinan disebabkan beban masih belum steady saat data diambil.Kata kunci: Otomasi, Simulator, Sistem Load shedding, SCADA, PLC ABSTRACTSimulator of the use of electrical energy is very helpful in planning electricity supply continuously or needs to be suppressed if a disturbance occurs. In order for the generator performance to return to normal, gradual, and planned due to interference, the Load Shedding method is used. Automation systems are needed to realize the Load Shedding method, and through simulators can reduce the risk of damage if implemented immediately. PLC was used to predict load during load shedding, while SCADA was used to display priority and load status. Load shedding 1 was a load release action if one of the generator sets was disrupted, while Load shedding 2 if in both gensets were disrupted. Load system simulation of shedding 1 and 2 was successfully released by load automatically. After the load was released, the load capacity borne by the generator was in accordance with the predictions of the PLC., the load capacity borne by the generator was in accordance with the predictions of the PLC. There was a difference in results between the predicted power and measured power, possibly because the load was stillnot steady when the data was taken. Keywords: Automation, Simulator, Load Shedding System, SCADA, PLC
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Van Bueren, Truus. "Gegevens over enkele epitafen uit het Sint Jansklooster te Haarlem." Oud Holland - Quarterly for Dutch Art History 103, no. 3 (1989): 121–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187501789x00103.
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AbstractIn 1625 the Monastery of St. John's in Haarlem, which housed the local Order of the Knights of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (Hospitallers), was dissolved. The property, including a large collection of paintings, passed to the City of Haarlem, which claimed all the monasteries in the district of Haarlen as compensation for damage sustairted during the siege and rebellion against Spain. In the monastery's archives, now in the Haarlem Municipal Archives, memorial panels are menizoned fourteen times. Nine of thern occur in three inventories of 1573, one in a testament of 1574 and the rest in the Commander's accounts of 1572, 1573 and 1574. In the case of six of the thirteen items there is no description of the representation at all; one is simply said to depict a number of persons. Four of the six other items are Passion representations. Like The Last Judgment, such themes are in keeping with the functiort of a memorial panel. The description of one epitaph as 'in laudem artis musiccs' is not sufficiently clear to give an idea of the representation. More information is available as to the patrons or commemorated persons. All of them seem to have been members of the Order of St. John: four panels were memorials to commanders, three to ordinary hospitallers and one painting commemorated the founder of the monastery. All were priests. Nothing in the archives suggests that the church contained memorials to non-members of the order. This must nonetheless have been the case: a 'Liber- memoriarum' compiled in 1570 indicates that numerous memorial services were held for the laity, many of whom apparently chose St. John's as their last resting-place. It is thus highly likely that memorials for these worshippers were placed in the church. A 1572 inventory of St. John's Monastery makes no mention of memorial panels, probably because the contents of the church were not listed. After the monastery had been destroyed during the siege of Haarlem, three inventories were drawn up: one of the ruined monastery, one of the items - mainly paintings which were moved to Utrecht, and one of the property taken to the Sint Adriaansdoelen, the temporary home of the order after the destruction of the monastery. Only in these three inventories are epitaphs mentioned. The inventories of 1580 and 1606 were drawn up by order of the City, the claimant to the mortastery's propery. They make no mention of private possessions, not even those of the members of the Order. The 1625 inventory, drawn up after the death of the last inmate, only mentiorts the painting that was bought by the convent to be placed on the grave of its founder. Epitaphs which were not orderend by the convent were probably regarded as private property, and passed to the heirs prior to 1625. Exact dates cannot be ascertained. The author has identified two epitaphs and a painting coming from St. John's. It is not clear whether the small painting of Mary, her cousin Elizabeth and Commander Jan Willem Jansz. (1484-1514) (Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Weimar) is (part of) an epitaph or a devotional painting (ill. 2). The 1572 inventory mentions a picture of Jan Willem. It is not described, but the painting in Weimar is a likely candidate because of its small size (72 x 50). The 1573 inventory of the property in the Adriaansdoelen lists a wing of the epitaph of 'Heer Jan', but again, the representation is not described. The 17thcentury genealogist Opt Straeten van der Moelen described the four family coats of arms on the painting, but said nothing about the representation or where he saw it. It was possible to identify the Hospitaller in the Weimar work because of the armorial shield hanging on a tree behind the kneeling figure. The arms correspond with what Opt Straeten van der Moelen described as the arms of the Hospitaller's father, and with a wax impression of Jan Willem Jansz.'s arms (ill. 1) on a document of 1494, now in the Haarlem Municipal Archive. The date and painter of the picture are not known. In the series of portraits of the Commanders of St. John's Monastery in Haarlem (Frans Hals Museum) is a second portrait of Jan Willem. In this, the seventeenth portrait in the series (ill. 3), he is grey-haired, in contrast to the Weimar painting, in which he is depicted with black hair. Jan Willem Jansz. was born in about 1450. In 1484 he was elected Commander of the order, a function which he held until his death in 1514. The Bowes Museum, Durham, owns a triptych of an Entombment (ills. 4 and 5). On the middle panel is a kneeling Knight Hospitaller; on each of the side panels are four persons, arranged in pairs. One of them, on the right wing, is another member of the Order. Coats of arms can be seen on the prie-dieu's behind which three of the four couples kneel, and on the back of the panels (ill. 6). Comparison of these arms with the one on the seal of Philips van Hogesteyn, Commander of the Order frorn 1571 to 1574, suggests that this is his epitaph (ill. 7). The memorial panel is mentioned in the 1573 inventory of property in the Adriaansdoelen. In 1570, before becoming prior of the monastery, Philips had a 'Liber memoriarum' compiled which contained the names of his grandparents and parents. His grandmother came from the Van Arkel family, whose arms bore two opposing embattled bars. This coal of arms facilitated identification of the couples on the left wing. The grandparents are kneeling behind the last prie-dieu - the Van Arkel arms are on the heraldic left of the shield. In front of them are Philips van Hogesteyn's parents. It is harder to establish the identity of the people on the right wing, but the couple kneeling behind the prie-dieu are very likely Philips' brother and sister-in-law. The woman behind them could be his sister. The brother and sister are mentioned in his will, which he made in 1568. However, it is not clear who the Hospitaller on this panel is. It could be an unknown member of the family, but it is also possible that Philips van Hogesteyn was depicted in the triplych twice, first simply as a member of the family on one wing and again, later on in life, on the middle panel as the most important patron. Besides this painted epitaph, an elegy on Philips van Hogesteyn, written bij Cornelys Schonaeus, headmaster of the Latin school in Haarlem, has been preserved. This poem only mentions the effigy of the late Philips in front of the 'worthy reader' - not a word about his family. The 1572 inventory lists two separate portraits of Philips. It is not known where he was buried, nor has it been possible to establish whether his epitaph, with or without the elegy, or a portrait plus an elegy were ever placed on his grave. The painter is not mentioned by name anywhere either. Philips van Hogesteyn took holy orders in 1553. Assuming that he was 17 years old when he joined the Order of St. John, he would have entered the monastery in 1544. If this assumption is correct and he is portrayed twice on the triplych, it could have been painted any time from 1544 on. The reason for the commission must remain unanswered. In the Catharijneconvent Museum in Utrechl is a triptych with a Crucifixion. On the left wing is a kneeling man in a chasuble and stole, and on the right wing a Hospitaller (ill. 8). Today the outsides of the panels are empty. In the catalogue of an exhibition of North-Netherlandish painting and sculpture before 1575, held in 1913, however, the vestiges of the armorial shields -- four on each panel - are mentioned. Apparently this is an epitaph for a member of the Oem van Wijngaarden family, brought to Utrecht in 1573. The Hospitaller is Tieleman Oem van Wijngaarden, who was living in St. John's Monastery in Haarlem at the beginning of the 16th century and died in 1518 person on the right-hand panel appears to be Dirk van Raaphorst -- also known as Dirk van Noordwijk. The Utrecht triptych is identified here as the Van Wijngaarden epitaph from St. John's Monastery despite the fact that the description of shield I on the right-hand panel does not point towards the Oem van Wijngaarden family. Thanks to the fourth shield on the same panel, still in fairly good condition in 1913, it was possible, by dint of invenstigating Tieleman's family, to establish him as the person portrayed on the right-hand panel (see Appendix II). Dirk van Raaphorst of Noordwijk was a canon of St. Pancras' Church in Leiden. He probably owed the name 'van Raaphorst of Noordwijk' to the fact that he was called after his maternal grandfather. For the same reason, the armorial shields on the back of the lefthand panel are not arranged in the usual manner but inverted, i being the mother's arms, II the father's (see also Appendix III). Dirk van Noordwijk was a nephew of Tieleman Oem van Wijngaarden (see Appendix IV). He died in 1502. In 15 18 Tieleman was buried in the same grave in the church of St. John's Monastery. This memorial panel, too, prompts several questions. It is not clear why distant relatives, whose deaths moreover were sixteen years apart, were commemorated on the same panel. Neither the painter nor the dale of the triptych is known. However, perhaps the source of Tieleman's portrait can be established (fig.9). The features in this portrait bear a marked resemblance to those in the portrait of the Hospitaller on the Van Wijngaarden epitaph in Utrecht. Despite publications on individual North-Netherlandish memorial panels, no scholarly examination of the total number of known pieces has yet been initiated. The author is preparing such an examination, which may yield more insight into the customs pertaining to the corramemoration of the dead and the place accupied by memorial panels.