Academic literature on the topic 'Born Globals'

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Journal articles on the topic "Born Globals"

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Moen, Øystein. "The Born Globals." International Marketing Review 19, no. 2 (2002): 156–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330210425015.

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Kim, Daekwan, Choton Basu, G. M. Naidu, and Erin Cavusgil. "The innovativeness of Born-Globals and customer orientation: Learning from Indian Born-Globals." Journal of Business Research 64, no. 8 (2011): 879–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2010.09.008.

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Andersson, Svante, Natasha Evers, and Gabriela Gliga. "Entrepreneurial marketing and born global internationalisation in China." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 21, no. 2 (2018): 202–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-11-2016-0115.

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Purpose This study aims to explore the entrepreneurial marketing (EM) behaviour of Swedish born globals entering the Chinese market through their international networks. Drawing from the network theory of small firm internationalisation, this study is positioned in the domain of EM, and thus captures the relevance of EM behaviour to explain how born globals internationalise through their networks. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study approach of two Swedish born global companies active in the Chinese market is used. The network theory helps analyse the data in the three phases
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Lin, Song, and Steven Si. "The influence of exploration and exploitation on born globals’ speed of internationalization." Management Decision 57, no. 1 (2019): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-08-2017-0735.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate exploration and exploitation as antecedents to speed of internationalization in born global firms. Design/methodology/approach By using 150 born global firms in China, the authors demonstrate that the influence of exploration and exploitation on born globals’ speed of internationalization. The statistical method in this study is hierarchical regression model. Findings The results revealed that exploration has a negative effect on the internationalization of born global firms, whereas exploration does not. The interaction between exploration a
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Wadeson, Nigel. "Internationalisation theory and Born Globals." Multinational Business Review 28, no. 4 (2020): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-10-2019-0123.

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Purpose It has been claimed that Born Globals are incompatible with the Uppsala model, which is based on the firm having a maximum tolerable risk level. This assumption was used to explain observed incremental commitments, with further commitments being made as experiential learning reduces the level of risk faced. This study aims to show that adding a consideration of the role of expected value, including the effects of resource constraints, can reconcile the Born Global and internationalisation process literatures. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical arguments are supported by mathem
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Øyna, Stine, and Ilan Alon. "A Review of Born globals." International Studies of Management & Organization 48, no. 2 (2018): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00208825.2018.1443737.

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Gabrielsson, Mika. "Branding Strategies of Born Globals." Journal of International Entrepreneurship 3, no. 3 (2005): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10843-005-0401-5.

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KRAUS, SASCHA, ALEXANDER BREM, MIRIAM SCHUESSLER, FELIX SCHUESSLER, and THOMAS NIEMAND. "INNOVATIVE BORN GLOBALS: INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF THEIR BUSINESS MODELS ON INTERNATIONAL PERFORMANCE." International Journal of Innovation Management 21, no. 01 (2017): 1750005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919617500050.

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Internationalization is a hot topic in innovation management, whereby the phenomenon of “Born Globals” is still limited to research in the domains of Entrepreneurship and International Management. As business model design plays a key role for Born Globals, we link these two concepts. For this, we propose hypotheses about the influence of efficiency-centered and novelty-centered business model design on international firm performance. To test these hypotheses, we performed a quantitative survey with 252 founders of international companies in Germany, Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Additionally,
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Przybylska, Krystyna. "Born Globals: A New Generation of Small Polish Businesses." Gospodarka Narodowa 241, no. 7-8 (2010): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/101163.

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Andersson, Svante, Gabriel Baffour Awuah, Ulf Aagerup, and Ingemar Wictor. "How do mature born globals create customer value to achieve international growth?" International Marketing Review 37, no. 2 (2020): 185–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-11-2018-0340.

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PurposeThis study aims to investigate how mature born global firms create value for customers to achieve continued international growth.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a case study approach to investigate the under-researched area of how mature born globals create value for customers and, by doing so, contribute to their continued international growth. This in-depth examination of how three born globals developed over time uses interviews, observation and secondary data.FindingsThe findings indicate that the entrepreneurs of born global firms, that continued to grow, created a cul
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Born Globals"

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Forinder, Eva, and Therese Tang. "Born Globals och inhemskt exportstöd : En kvantitativ undersökning av etablerade svenska Born Globals." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-218750.

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Nya förutsättningar på marknaden har resulterat i att ett nytt globalt fenomen uppkommit. Detta fenomen benämns som Born Globals, och karaktäriseras av små och medelstora företag som expanderar på den internationella marknaden tidigt efter grundandet. Dock har inte andelen svenska Born Global-företag ökat genom åren. Det beror på problem i form av oanpassat stöd, brist på kommunikation och förståelse för nyetablerade företag vid en tidig internationell expansion. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur förekomsten och användningen av exportstöd påverkat etableringe
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Cederäng, Jesper, and Markus Norberg. "Brand Building of Born Globals." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9475.

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<p>Abstract The purpose of this thesis was to increase the understanding of two early internationalizing firms (Born Globals) brand building efforts. By performing case studies on these companies we wished to discover similarities and differences in their marketing efforts. The companies that we studied were CTEK Sweden AB, a battery charger manufacturer and POC Sweden AB, who designs advanced protective gear for the alpine ski market.</p><p>The theoretical framework was divided according to the four 4Ps (Product, Price, Promotion and Place) as previous studies had shown all four factors were
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Bergdahl, Erika, and Emma Renman. "Born Globals – Sveriges framtida exportörer." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173264.

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Hejdström, Fanny, and Johanna Hellström. "Born Globals internationaliseringsbeteende : en inkrementell process?" Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2099.

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<p>I den här uppsatsen har vi valt att studera Born Globals vilket är företag som snabbt och i ett tidigt skede expanderar till internationella marknader. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera och kritiskt granska i vilken utsträckning Born Globals kan ses som en företeelse med nya och alternativa drivkrafter och förklarande faktorer i relation till mer traditionella internationaliseringsmodeller. För att uppnå syftet har vi valt huvudproblemet, i vilken utsträckning Born Globals internationella expansion skiljer sig från den process de traditionella internationaliseringsmodellerna beskriver,
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Solheim, Erling Magnus. "The Internationalization Process of Born Global Companies : A study of born globals without prior internationalization experience." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21148.

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Background: Observations of born global firms breaking with the traditional paradigm of stage-wise internationalization processes led to the emergence of the field of International Entrepreneurship (IE), an intersection between International Business and entrepreneurship. Literature calls for stronger theoretical foundation in IE research and increased use of theory from the field of entrepreneurship. A recent research stream employs effectuation theory from the entrepreneurship domain in modeling the internationalization process, though in various ways. There is also a consensus that experien
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Cederäng, Jesper, and Peter Bingman. "Born Globals : Underlying Factors to Rapid Internationalization." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8781.

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<p>Abstract</p><p>The process of internationalization of firms has in the past been seen as something that is costly and time-consuming. For those reasons, companies took long before they started expanding internationally, growing strong in domestic markets first. However, now there are companies being started, that right from the outset start producing and selling on international markets. Companies that behave this way are a rather new phenomenon and are known as Born Globals.</p><p>The purpose of our thesis was to increase the understanding of factors that are important for explaining Born
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Qu, Jiajun, and Stefanos Avgeris. "Born Globals in China : The Reasons of Their Emergence." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27559.

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Problem - A new kind of companies was identified twenty years ago, the BornGlobals (BGs).Those companies tend to go abroad in a very early stage, sometimesright after their inception. Although the Western literature has showed much progressin studying this phenomenon and developing many theories, its Chinese counterparthas not been developed in the same degree. Meanwhile, due to the limitation ofliterature translation and different process of knowledge accumulation, the emergenceof the Chinese BGs raises many questions about its reasons, drive factors andformation mechanism. Purpose - The purp
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Huhta, Fredrik, and Henrik Huhta. "The Internationalization Process within Born Global Companies : How Swedish Born Globals Utilize Resources in the Internationalization Process." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90701.

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The purpose with this thesis is to explain and explore how born global companies utilize important resources in the internationalization process. The globalized world that we live in today has increased the information sharing and new technologies have changed the way companies approach the international market. Evidence in previous literature has revealed that companies have a faster approach to the international market and tend to skip the incremental internationalization process that the traditional Uppsala internationalization model supports. These companies have instead been defined as bo
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Jallow, Antouman, and Adam Abraha. "Born Globals and Active Online Internationalization : A closer look on the effects of active online internationalization for Swedish Born Globals." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202280.

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Research pertaining to the role of active online internationalization (AOI) in the context of Born Globals has been shown to be an under-researched area of study. This compelled us to explore the possible benefits and challenges that may come from pursuing AOI for Swedish Born Globals. Our theoretical framework combined literature concerning Born Globals and their rapid internationalization with the notion of learning advantages of newness and literature regarding AOI into a theoretical model. Our theoretical investigation displayed a lack of research dealing with the potential challenges of A
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Wictor, Ingemar. "Born Globals : Rapid International Growth in New Ventures." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Centre for Technology, Innovation and Marketing Management (CTIM2), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19344.

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The traditional theories developed by Johanson and Vahlne (1977, 1990) and other researchers ofinternationalisation have long been questioned because of the fast-changing environment and deregulations. In particular, for Born Global firms, namely a company that has achieved a foreign sales volume of at least 25% within three years of its inception and that seeks to derive significant competitive advantage from the use of resources and the sales of outputs in multiple countries (Andersson and Wictor, 2003, p. 254), itis a question of surviving by establishing in many markets in a short period o
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Books on the topic "Born Globals"

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Pock, Michael. Born Globals. Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8959-8.

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Handbook of research on born globals. Edward Elgar, 2012.

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Sperling, Gilad. Product, operation, and market strategies of technology-intensive born globals: The case of Israeli telecommunication born globals. Helsinki School of Economics, 2005.

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Saarenketo, Sami. Born globals: Internationalizaiton of small and medium-sized knowledge-intensive firms. Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2002.

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Karthik, D. Strategic paths and performance of born globals: A study of Indian IT firms. Indian Institute of Management, 2015.

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Wurster, Simone. Born Global Standard Establishers. Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6795-4.

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Global warming: A boon to humans and other animals. Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, 1995.

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Mack, Alison, ed. Global Health Impacts of Vector-Borne Diseases. National Academies Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/21792.

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International Conference on Tick-Borne Pathogens at the Host-Vector Interface (2nd 1995 Kruger National Park, South Africa). Second International Conference on Tick-Borne Pathogens at the Host-Vector Interface: A global perspective, Aug.28 - Sept.1, 1995, Kruger National Park, South Africa : proceedings and abstracts. The Organisers, 1998.

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Martin, Carolyn A., Ph. D., ed. Managing Generation Y: Global citizens born in the late seventies and early eighties. HRD Press, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Born Globals"

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Pock, Michael. "Einführung." In Born Globals. Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8959-8_1.

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Pock, Michael. "Begriffliche Grundlagen." In Born Globals. Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8959-8_2.

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Pock, Michael. "Theoretische Grundlagen." In Born Globals. Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8959-8_3.

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Pock, Michael. "Determinaten von Born Globals." In Born Globals. Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8959-8_4.

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Pock, Michael. "Netzwerke zur Internationalisierung von Born Globals." In Born Globals. Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8959-8_5.

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Pock, Michael. "Internationalisierungsprozess von Born Globals." In Born Globals. Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8959-8_6.

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Pock, Michael. "Fallstudien." In Born Globals. Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8959-8_7.

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Pock, Michael. "Zusammenfassung und Ausblick." In Born Globals. Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8959-8_8.

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Hinterhuber, Hans H., and Michael Pock. "Born Globals – Ein neuer Typ von Pionierunternehmen." In Pionier-Regionen der Zukunft. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03565-5_7.

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Stummer, Harald, Achim Hecker, Sabine Katzdobler, and Elisabeth Nöhammer. "Medizintechnik Start-ups – die neuen Born Globals." In Internationalisierung im Gesundheitswesen. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23016-6_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Born Globals"

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Estellés Miguel, Sofía, Jose Luis Garces Bautista, Marta Peris-Ortiz, and Gladys Mireya Valero Cordoba. "Innovación en Emprendimiento: El caso de las Born Globals." In INNODOCT 2021. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2021.2021.13326.

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El emprendimiento con innovación permite a las empresas nacientes satisfacer una necesidad de mercado en cuanto a insertar productos y servicios regionales a un mercado más global, siendo las Empresas Nacidas Globales una nueva perspectiva de emprendimiento e innovación. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión de literatura, donde se evidencie la correlación entre las Born Globals y la Innovación empresarial. Se realizó como metodología una búsqueda de términos en Googlescholar, bases de datos académicas Scielo, Scopus y Redalyc, con enfoque cualitativo y correlacional. Los resu
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Reková, Eliška. "The “born globals” phenomenon in Czech Republic." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.43.

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The aim of this article is to analyse the “born globals” phenomenon in Czech Republic from history until present and to critically evaluate available definitions and their comparison in worldwide context. The scientific aim of this paper focuses on finding out at which level is the general knowledge about the “born globals” topic amongst both younger generation of future entrepreneurs and already established SME companies in Czech Republic. This paper also aims to define foreign market entry barriers. This paper uses the analysis of both primary and secondary data, it focuses on questionnaire
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Sasi, Viveca. "Resource scarce intensive strategies in the early internationalization of born globals." In 16th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2008. University of Twente, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268579840.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore how Born Globals solve the resource scarcity problem typical for them. In this paper we will discuss how International New Ventures or Born Globals can increase their internationalization pace with the selection of resource scarce strategies. Our underlying assumption is that with the selection of suitable strategy, the Born Global can contribute to a decreased liability of foreignness and resource scarcity, and to an increased speed of internationalization. Based on the literature we are reviewing resource acquisition strategies, and three different res
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Estelles-Miguel, Sofía, Jose Luis Garces Bautista, Marta Peris-Ortiz, and Gladys Mireya Valero Cordoba. "Evolutionary Process of the “Born Globals” – A Literature Review." In 3rd International Conference. Business Meets Technology. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/bmt2021.2021.13501.

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New theories of internationalization and their methodologies propose the union of two or more companies to satisfy requirements in international markets. Joint ventures, international licenses, foreign investors or even the basic operation of exporting and importing are a clear example of these. Furthermore, these theories aim to carry out processes to insert regions in a more global context. As a result, productivity and competitiveness level indicators are expected to improve. The present work presents a bibliographic review of companies known as “Born Global”. A study of this concept has be
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Ghani, Nazifa, Poh-Chuin Teo, and Nomahaza Mahadi. "The Internationalization of Born Globals Business Schools: A Conceptual Framework." In 2021 International Conference on Data Analytics for Business and Industry (ICDABI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdabi53623.2021.9655823.

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Mitkus, Tomas, and Dimitrios I. Maditinos. "The Born-Global Phenomenon in Creative Industries: the Case of Lithuanian Animation Industry." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Education. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cbme.2017.031.

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The born-global phenomenon has been studied for over a two decades, but theory and practice are still evolving, therefore understanding how the phenomenon operates in different countries and industries is crucial. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the born-global phenomenon in context of creative industries. A literature review was conducted in order to identify the nature of creative profile enterprises and international process characteristics in creative industries. Authors conducted a quantitative questionnaire with seventeen enterprises from Lithuanian animation i
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Koporcic, Nikolina. "BORN GLOBALS IN INTERACTIVE BRANDING ENVIRONMENT: A CASE OF THE BONALIVE." In 3rd Business & Management Conference, Lisbon. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/bmc.2016.003.011.

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Zhou, Ying, Chang Li, and Songting Pan. "Research on the driving forces of Born globals’ internationalization: Cases from developing country." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2008.4737967.

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Ekers, Ronald D. "The History of the SKA - born global." In Resolving The Sky - Radio Interferometry: Past, Present and Future. Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.163.0007.

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Krajčík, Daniel. "The Born Global Phenomenon - Case Study from Slovakia." In Central and Eastern Europe in the Changing Business Environment 2022. Prague University of Economics and Business, Oeconomica Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2022.kre.2454.6.

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Reports on the topic "Born Globals"

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Kerwin, Donald, Mike Nicholson, Daniela Alulema, and Robert Warren. US Foreign-Born Essential Workers by Status and State, and the Global Pandemic. Center for Migration Studies of New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14240/cmsrpt0520.

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Ibáñez, Ana María, Juliana Quigua, Jimena Romero, and Andrea Velásquez. Responses to Temperature Shocks: Labor Markets and Migration Decisions in El Salvador. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004237.

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By 2017, one-quarter of people born in El Salvador were estimated to be living in the U.S. We show that extreme temperatures have negatively aected agricultural production and increased international migration from El Salvador. We nd that labor markets act as a transmission mechanism of the negative eects of weather shocks on agricultural workers, who react by migrating internationally or reallocating within local labor markets. However, these responses dier by landownership status and access to risk-coping mechanisms. Our results suggest that, despite the current anti-immigrant political clim
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Johansen, Richard A., Christina L. Saltus, Molly K. Reif, and Kaytee L. Pokrzywinski. A Review of Empirical Algorithms for the Detection and Quantification of Harmful Algal Blooms Using Satellite-Borne Remote Sensing. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44523.

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Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) continue to be a global concern, especially since predicting bloom events including the intensity, extent, and geographic location, remain difficult. However, remote sensing platforms are useful tools for monitoring HABs across space and time. The main objective of this review was to explore the scientific literature to develop a near-comprehensive list of spectrally derived empirical algorithms for satellite imagers commonly utilized for the detection and quantification HABs and water quality indicators. This review identified the 29 WorldView-2 MSI algorithms, 25
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Isaacs, Robert. A Lifelong Journey in Aboriginal Affairs and Community: Nulungu Reconciliation Lecture 2021. Edited by Melissa Marshall, Gillian Kennedy, Anna Dwyer, Kathryn Thorburn, and Sandra Wooltorton. Nulungu Research Institute, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/ni/2021.6.

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In this 2021 Nulungu Reconciliation lecture, Dr Robert Isaacs AM OAM will explore the meaning of reconciliation and the lessons of his personal journey in two worlds. As part of the Stolen Generation, and born at the dawn of the formal Aboriginal Rights Movement, this lecture outlines the changing social attitudes through the eyes of the lived experience and the evolving national policy framework that has sought to manage, then heal, the wounds that divided a nation. Aspirations of self-determination, assimilation and reconciliation are investigated to unpack the intent versus the outcome, and
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Dudley, Lynn M., Uri Shani, and Moshe Shenker. Modeling Plant Response to Deficit Irrigation with Saline Water: Separating the Effects of Water and Salt Stress in the Root Uptake Function. United States Department of Agriculture, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586468.bard.

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Standard salinity management theory, derived from blending thermodynamic and semi- empirical considerations leads to an erroneous perception regarding compensative interaction among salinity stress factors. The current approach treats matric and osmotic components of soil water potential separately and then combines their effects to compute overall response. With deficit water a severe yield decrease is expected under high salinity, yet little or no reduction is predicted for excess irrigation, irrespective of salinity level. Similarly, considerations of competition between chloride and nitrat
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Knowles, Donald, and Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz. Transfected Babesia bovis expressing the anti-tick Bm86 antigen as a vaccine to limit tick infestation and protect against virulent challenge. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598160.bard.

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Bovine babesiosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasites Babesiabovisand B. bigemina, is a major tick borne disease of cattle with significant economic importance globally. The vectors of Babesia parasites are R. (Boophilus) annulatusand R. microplus. In Israel these parasites are transmitted manly by R. annulatus. The main goal of the proposal was developing and testing a novel B. bovisvaccine based on stably transfected attenuated B. bovisexpressing the anti-tick Bm86 antigen. This required generating a transfected- attenuated B. bovisparasite containing a bidirectional promoter expressing bo
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Adebayo, Oliver, Joanna Aldoori, William Allum, et al. Future of Surgery: Technology Enhanced Surgical Training: Report of the FOS:TEST Commission. The Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/fos2.2022.

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Over the past 50 years the capability of technology to improve surgical care has been realised and while surgical trainees and trainers strive to deliver care and train; the technological ‘solutions’ market continues to expand. However, there remains no coordinated process to assess these technologies. The FOS:TEST Report aimed to (1) define the current, unmet needs in surgical training, (2) assess the current evidence-base of technologies that may be beneficial to training and map these onto both the patient and trainee pathway and (3) make recommendations on the development, assessment, and
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