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1
Uphoff, Eleonora P. M. M. "Are social connections associated with health and wellbeing in a context of social disadvantage and ethnic diversity? : a study of Pakistani and White British women and infants in the 'Born in Bradford' cohort." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9341/.
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Social disadvantage extends beyond a lack of income and basic necessities, to being deprived of the material and social resources required to lead a happy, healthy and fulfilling life. The focus of this study is on the role of social connections in relation to health, in a context of social disadvantage and ethnic diversity. In this thesis I aim to study the associations between ethnic density, social capital and health for Pakistani and White British mothers and infants in the Born in Bradford study. Data from the Born in Bradford cohort were linked with area-level data to create a multilevel dataset of 4,357 Pakistani and 3,869 White British mother-infant pairs. While own ethnic density was not associated with birth weight or preterm birth, higher South Asian density was associated with lower odds of smoking for both Pakistani and White British women. Although levels of social capital seemed to be low and levels of social disadvantage were high, different indicators of social capital were associated with health outcomes for Pakistani and White British mothers and infants. There was some evidence to suggest that social capital provides health benefits especially to those in disadvantaged circumstances. Social disadvantage for Pakistani women and infants in particular proved hard to capture with measures of individual socioeconomic status and area deprivation, and social gradients in health were attenuated for Pakistani women and infants in the Born in Bradford study and the Millennium Cohort Study. The associations between social resources and health vary by ethnic group, social status, and health outcome, and there is no strong evidence that the promotion of social capital is a useful public health strategy. Greater social equality together with the social inclusion of minority groups are likely to provide the ideal context in which social capital can thrive, regardless of the social or ethnic composition of neighbourhoods.
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Edwards, Susan. "Haloacetic acids in public drinking water and risk of adverse birth outcomes in the 'Born in Bradford' cohort." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44280.
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Disinfection of drinking water is vital to protect the public against disease. However disinfectants such as chlorine react with organic matter in drinking water to produce a wide range of chemical disinfection by-products (DBPs) of potential health concern including haloacetic acids (HAAs). This thesis is an epidemiologic analysis investigating the relationship between prenatal exposure to HAAs in drinking water and adverse birth outcomes in 'Born in Bradford', a large multi-ethnic prospective birth cohort study based in Bradford, England. It focuses on the understudied and as yet unregulated HAAs which are the second most prevalent class of chlorination DBPs in UK drinking waters. To assess exposure, area-level concentrations to three select HAAs (measured in drinking water samples newly collected for this study, modelled in time and space, and weighted to each cohort woman's specific trimester of pregnancy by postcode of residence) were combined with individual water consumption information collected via questionnaire at recruitment to the cohort. Despite the benefits of state-of-the-art exposure metrics and a large sample size, this study does not find any significant patterns of association between prenatal exposure to HAAs and either birth weight, being born term low birth weight or small-for-gestational age. Water consumption over the course of late pregnancy was further studied in a subset of cohort women. A small but significant increase in water consumption was reported, bearing in mind that both behaviour change over the third trimester of pregnancy and measurement error likely contributed to this effect. This research addresses some of the limitations of previous DBP studies in terms of exposure assessment and birth outcome definitions, and uniquely evaluates the variability of individual water consumption over time. It also identifies areas for future research and examines the importance of HAAs and birth weight-based outcomes in the larger research context.
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Spilker, Cord Elmar. "Community study of multiple sclerosis in Bradford." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590283.
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The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis has informed us about the unique distribution of the disease worldwide and has helped to generate important hypotheses in order to understand more about the aetiology of the disease. Studies of the prevalence and the incidence of MS in the United Kingdom have contributed to this body of research. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of MS in the multiethnic population in the Bradford Health Authority in West Yorkshire/UK and to investigate the phenotype of MS in the South Asian population. This population based study identified 344 people with MS on prevalence day 1st July 2008. The crude prevalence was 112.3/10. The prevalence in the non-South Asian population was 135.5/10 using the non-South Asian population as the denominator. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the South Asian population was 46/10 using the South Asian population as the denominator. Using the 1961 population of Northern Ireland as the reference population the standardised prevalence was 121/10 (CI 108-134). When age-adjusted to the European and World Standard population, the prevalence was 123.7/10 (CI 110-137) and 111.1/10 (CI 99- 123) respectively. Thirty-seven people with MS of South Asian origin were clinically assessed and their Expanded Disability Status Scale scores and Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score recorded. The overall severity of MS in this cohort appeared to be similar to that of the severity of MS in the UK. However, a significant number of patients experienced a rapid disease progression at a young age. Our observations indicate a potentially more severe clinical course in the South Asian population with MS suggesting the need for future well-designed studies in order to confirm or refute these results.
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Rifet, Saima. "Exploring Hybridity in the 21st Century: The Working Lives of South Asian Ethnic Minorities from a British Born Generation in Bradford." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7721.
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This thesis explores the working lives of British Born South Asian Ethnic Minorities (BB SAEMs), critiquing the homogenous identities ascribed to them in previous research. Its methodology is life-story interviews analysed using Nvivo. This identified four hybrid categories emerging from two cultures. I fitted myself neatly into just one. However the reflexive analysis required in good qualitative research led me to realise that I fitted into not one, but all four categories, and into others not yet recognised. At this point, my thesis had to take a new turn. An auto-ethnographic, moment-by-moment study led to an ‘unhybrid categorisation of hybridities’ acknowledging ‘fuzziness and mélange, cut ‘n’ mix, and criss and crossover’ where identity is a complex-mix, always in flux. I conclude not only with this new theory of identity formation in the working lives of BB SAEMs, but also by arguing that by imposing the requirement to categorise, research methods lead to over-simplification and misunderstanding.
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Mebrahtu, Teumzghi Fisseha. "Incidence and burden of allergic conditions and the effects of birthweight and growth on wheezing disorders in the Born in Bradford cohort." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13283/.
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Past epidemiologic studies have claimed that birthweight, body mass index, and childhood growth are associated with childhood wheezing disorders although the findings are inconsistent. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of birthweight body mass index and childhood growth on wheezing disorders through meta-analyses of past epidemiologic studies and using contemporary cohort data. An online search of published papers linking childhood wheezing disorders with birthweight, BMI, and growth was carried out using EMBASE and Medline medical research databases. Risk estimates were pooled using a random-effects method. Data from 13,734 Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort children were used to investigate the incidence and burden of allergic diseases, and the effects of birthweight on wheezing disorders. Data of 1,598 BiB1000 children were used to investigate the effects of weight at the age of 3 years and childhood growth on wheezing disorders. Birthweight was categorised using the World Health Organisation and Centre for Disease Prevention and Control guidelines. Weight Standardised Scores were derived using World Health Organisation growth standards. Body mass index was categorised based on Centre for Disease Prevention and Control guideline. Based on a total of 77 studies that comprised more than 3 million children, the summary risk estimates indicated that low birthweight children have an increased risk of wheezing disorders when compared with the normal birthweight children. In addition, underweight children have a reduced risk of wheezing disorders whilst overweight and obese children have an increased risk when compared with normal body mass index children. Based on the cohort data, the results indicate that the burden of allergic conditions is higher than previously reported in earlier studies. In addition, there is an increased risk of wheezing disorders for low birthweight, slow growth during the first three months, and fast growth between 3 and 12 months.
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Solheim, Erling Magnus. "The Internationalization Process of Born Global Companies : A study of born globals without prior internationalization experience." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21148.
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Background: Observations of born global firms breaking with the traditional paradigm of stage-wise internationalization processes led to the emergence of the field of International Entrepreneurship (IE), an intersection between International Business and entrepreneurship. Literature calls for stronger theoretical foundation in IE research and increased use of theory from the field of entrepreneurship. A recent research stream employs effectuation theory from the entrepreneurship domain in modeling the internationalization process, though in various ways. There is also a consensus that experience is necessary to found born global companies and to do it using effectual logic. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of the internationalization process and the role of experience in born global firms. It aims to contribute to the recent stream of research employing effectuation theory on internationalization processes. For practitioners, it aims to increase the knowledge of effectuation as viable internationalization logic and the role of experience to born globals. Method: An empirical case study has been conducted using two case companies which recently have gone through an internationalization process, both without prior internationalization experience. Transcribed and coded interviews with founders from both firms were analyzed using a theoretical framework developed from a literature review. Results: The results show that both case companies, despite lack of prior internationalization experience, comply with the definitions of being born globals and their internationalization processes seem to follow an effectual logic. Both firms show tendencies to rely on key resources within their network for knowledge and confidence. Theoretical Implications: This thesis firstly shows that prior internationalization experience is not necessarily required for founding born globals using effectual logic. Effectuation is also shown to be a viable theoretical framework for understanding the early internationalization process of born global firms, also those without prior internationalization experience. This thesis suggests that a possible substitute for experience among inexperienced born globals is knowledgeable key resources within their network. Practical Implications: Entrepreneurs and stakeholders of born global firms in an early internationalization process are recommended to acknowledge the likely effectual character of the process, for example by focusing on exploiting contingent opportunities rather than making detailed plans of the process ahead. It is also recommended to be attentive to the importance of key knowledge resources in the network for firms without prior internationalization experience. Originality / value: Few studies have employed effectuation theory to understand the early stages of the internationalization process of born global firms, and especially on firms without prior internationalization experience. This thesis increases the generalizability of effectuation as theoretical framework to understand internationalization, and develops the understanding of experience’s role in born global firms. Limitations and future research: The thesis had a limited time frame, and future research is recommended to incorporate a temporal perspective through for example longitudinal studies of born global firms from inception toward successful internationalization. By including firms with and without prior internationalization experience in the sample, knowledge could also be gained as to how this influences their behavior and potential success. Keywords: International Entrepreneurship, Born Globals, Effectuation
7
Rafiq, M. "Asian businesses in Bradford, West Yorkshire : A study of ethnic entrepreneurship in retailing, manufacturing and the service industries." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381009.
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Jackson, John Charles. "Elementary School Attendance in Bradford 1863-1903: A Study Using School Log Books." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14253.
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This thesis examines the issue of elementary school attendance in later nineteenth century Bradford. It seeks to do this by means of a little used source: the school log book.
The focus of the study is on the experiences of head teachers who faced a constant struggle to achieve and maintain an acceptable level of attendance in Bradford where child employment in the flourishing textile industry had long been an inherent feature of working class life. It investigates broader issues affecting attendance in the context of prevailing social, cultural, religious, and economic factors.
While the significant and influential pressures on attendance in Bradford were to be found elsewhere (for example, parental apathy; hostility to compulsory attendance; child labour; health and welfare), this investigation discovers that the town’s problems were compounded and made difficult by its phenomenal growth and rapid emergence by the middle of the nineteenth century as the undisputed capital of the world’s worsted manufacturing trade.
It concludes that in the study of Victorian elementary school attendance Bradford deserves greater recognition in consideration of the tension between the demands of the most prolific half-time system of employment in the country, and prevailing attitudes to the introduction of universal elementary education in England and Wales.
9
Malmgren, Erik, and David Shacham. "A Study of the Entrepreneur’s Perceptions of the Born Global Phenomenon." Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1074.
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<p>This dissertation sets out to explore the phenomenon of Born Globals, a small, international entrepreneurial firm. The study aims at exploring how the entrepreneur perceives the factors that influence the creation of a Born Global. This topic has been chosen since little research has been carried out in order to investigate what the entrepreneurs find important in the creation of a Born Global. This fact has been the basis in developing our study’s aim to investigate the factors’ relative importance. </p><p>The first step in the investigation is the literature review which is carried out in order to gain significant knowledge about the phenomenon before collecting empirical data of our own, the deductive approach. The literature review revolves around the conceptual framework created by Andersson & Wictor (2003), which has been used to summarise other findings by other authors into the four subcategories that our found to facilitate the creation of a Born Global. In addition to these factors we have found that nation specific characteristics and company specific advantages, as well as entry modes are feasible facilitators to discuss further.</p><p>When considering methodology a qualitative design has been found the most suitable. The approach used is influenced by Phenomenography which aims to describe people’s perceptions and experiences of different phenomena. In order to investigate this phenomenon we have used open interviews with two different entrepreneurs that were found through careful sampling. The companies chosen are located on two different continents and in two different businesses.</p><p>The interviews have been transcribed and categorised and the empirical data have been divided into the same categories used in the literature review. This has been done in order to make it easier to read but also easier to analyse. After the summary of the empirical data we have conducted a cross analysis. In analysing the data we have looked for similarities and differences in order to draw conclusions regarding the issues set out to investigate. </p><p>The empirical results and the analysis revolve around the six areas outlined in the theory, i.e. Globalisation, Entrepreneur, Networks, Industry, Entry Modes, and A fit between nation specific characteristics and company specific advantages. The two entrepreneurs consider the same factors to have had the biggest influence for the biggest part. However they disagree regarding the importance of Networks and Market Entry. These factors have both had an impact on the companies but their relative importance is disputed. </p><p>We would like to stress that the investigated attitudes are subjective. It is the interviewees’ attitudes and opinions the study has been aiming at investigating and therefore it is important to identify the individual as a factor when discussing the investigation’s credibility. It is rather unlikely that we would have reached the same conclusions with different interviewees but since it is attitudes that have been investigated it is only natural and does therefore not clash with the purpose of the study.</p>
10
Hamza, Aziz, and Salman Zulfiqar. "Challenges to Born Global SMEs : A study on overcoming the challenges that are faced by born global SMEs." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-47872.
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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to explore the challenges that are faced by born global SMEs and how they overcome these challenges. Method: For literature review and secondary research, data and information has been gathered from disciplines of international entrepreneurship. Primary research has been done on four born global firms; two from Sweden and two from Pakistan. Qualitative research and analysis has been used in the study. Originality: This study contributes to literature by covering some missing portions in born global discipline. In this research, effort is made to compile various challenges that are faced by born global firms, through literature review. The report further has focused on overcoming these challenges by gathering information through primary research. Conclusion: The research has concluded that there are certain challenges that are faced by born global firms in their international business development. These challenges are internal as well as external. Despite these challenges and problems, born global firms are able to achieve their position in international market by overcoming these challenges through building networks and competency alliances with partners situated internationally.
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Drennan, Jace, Ahmar Arshad Khan, and Theresa Winter. "Seizing Born Global Potential : A Resource-Based Comparative Study on the Impact of Incubators on Born Global Internationalization." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96189.
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The Scandinavian country of Sweden is a huge facilitator of startups through its’ large network of incubators where Born Global residents are becoming a more frequent sight. The Born Global firm is a novel type of company that contradicts the traditional means of internationalization. In order to realize startup potential, the obtainment of resources of varying amounts and scope is essential. But for a Born Global startup, achievement of its internationalization prospects requires making use of a unique set of resources that facilitate and enables the fulfillment of such global capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the resources that are crucial for a Born Global in an internationalization context and whether or not Swedish incubators can provide these crucial resources to Born Globals. The analysis is based on the findings from semi-structured interviews with members from 3 Incubators and 4 Born Global companies in the incubation process within their respective incubators. Using a comparative study, alignments and gaps have been identified between what incubators have provided and what Born Globals consider crucial for internationalization. The conclusion of this study leads to an addition to the theory of the Incubator Best Practice Model, elaborated by Bergek and Norrman where the facilitation of the unique resources required by Born Global companies is emphasized. Additionally, the authors provide suggestions on managerial implementations for Born Global managers. These suggestions concern thorough assessments of their individual resource needs, and policy recommendations to incubators about the facilitation of the specific resources required for a Born Global and its effort to internationalize.
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Orrebrant, Richard, and Oscar Meivert. "The Networking Born Globals : An Exploratory Study of how Swedish Born Global Software Firms use Networks when Internationalizing." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30284.
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Purpose – The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how networking is influenced by the choice of internationalization strategy of software firms with a born global mindset. To achieve this purpose, the following research questions were answered: How applicable is previous research on traditional internationalization strategies to born global software firms? How does networking vary between the different choices of internationalization strategy for born global software firms? Method – The research philosophy of this thesis was interpretivistic, supported by an abductive qualitative multi-method approach of exploratory character. Additionally, the data collection methods were literature studies, interviews and documentation conducted from six case companies. The collected data form the base of the developed networking and internationalization model which serves to support the general understanding of how born global software firms can internationalize and use networks to benefit their operations. Findings – By forming clusters and looking into how networking varies between the different choices of internationalization strategy, several types of internationalization strategies of born global software firms were identified, these being referred to as Nascent Global, Cautiously Global, Regionally Global and Instantly Global. Additionally, the results show that it is the choice of internationalization strategy that influences the choice of the networking activity. Nascent Global firms are firms who has not yet launched their service or decided upon internationalization strategy, they mostly network in order to strategize and plan; Cautiously Global firms operates nationally or have recently internationalized into another country, for them the networking focus lies on the process of learning to minimize the risk of mistakes or failure; Regionally Global firms are internationalizing incrementally with a regional focus and networking to access sources of knowledge; Instantly Global firms are those who are global right from inception where the focus is targeted at growth opportunities. Moreover, the findings show that Instantly Global firms are the ones that truly contradict traditional theory on internationalization strategies. Research limitations – The first limitation of this study is that we have solely focused on networking from the firm’s perspective and have not gone into the actual external network of each firm. Additionally, it would be appropriate to include a larger amount of case companies, in order to increase the level of generalizability. Nevertheless, due to limitations concerning the scale of work and time-constraints, six case companies were included. Further research – If practitioners would conduct a similar investigation of born global software firms, it would be interesting to conduct a quantitative study, analyzing potential linkages between the use of networks and internationalization. Also, since this study was cross-sectional, opportunities exist of conducting a longitudinal study, looking into how born global software firms change over time.
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Antony, Richard. "British-born Tamils : a study of young Tamil Londoners." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560501.
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The present study concentrates on the lifestyles and experie~ces of British-born young Tamils, and explores various components of their identities. Not many sociological studies have been condu~ted on the Tamil community in Britain. The study approaches its subject area through combining detailed ethnographic and interview research on young British Tamils with a consideration of wider arguments relating to ethnicity, migration, diaspora and youth. The findings are organised in terms of the four key themes of traditional culture, friendship, media, and politics, each one combined with relevant conceptual and empirical theorisations. Diasporic theories help to understand broader trends relating to various aspects of identity and these contribute towards the development of theories on minority youth inter-culture and newethnicities. Specifically, the study focuses on British-born young Tamils based in London, aged between 16 - 29. The ethnography focuses on their cohesiveness as a group, their relationship with parents and traditional Tamil culture and with other elements of British society, including White British youth culture and ethnic minority youth cultures. This qualitative study deploys research techniques together with interviews and ethnographic observations to examine current understanding of cultural identities, ethnicity and community. The analysis highlights the complex and dynamic nature of the identities of the young respondents and their experiences of being British-Tamils. The notion of hybridisation starts to figure quite strongly with the development of intercultural forms of mixed identities relating to the maintenance of traditional culture, friendship patterns and media interests. Interestingly however, young Tamils' political engagement with recent political events has developed a greater awareness of their Tamil identity and politicised youth ethnicity than before. The implications may be observed in terms of a greater impact upon their future cultural orientations - an increase In Tamil media usage, more interest in their mother tongue and the development of connections with the transnational Tamil community. ii.
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Kalsi, Sewa Singh. "The Sikhs and caste : a study of the Sikh community in Leeds and Bradford." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/517/.
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This thesis examines the persistence of caste among the Sikh community in Leeds and, to some extent, in the neighbouring city of Bradford. The notion that the Sikhs are a casteless brotherhood is challenged in the context of a brief discussion of the Indian caste system, the function of caste in Punjabi society, and a comprehensive review of the writings by Sikh and non-Sikh authors concerning caste practices among the Sikhs. The data for this study were collected by means of participant observation during the years 1980-1984. Their analysis demonstrates that caste continues to exist among Sikh migrants despite its rejection by the Sikh gurus. The Sikh community in Leeds and Bradford is found to be comprised of several caste groups such as Jats, Ramgarhias, Bhatras, Jhirs, Julahas and others. The significance of the arrival of Sikh families and children from India and East Africa is examined in order to understand the rapid development of caste-based gurdwaras and associations in Britain. A detailed study of two Sikh castes, i.e. the Ramgarhias and the Ravidasis, highlights that members of these caste groups take great pride in their caste identity manifested in the establishment of their own biradari institutions in Britain. The practice of caste endogamy and exogamy by the Sikhs is examined by analysing what role arranged marriage plays in perpetuating caste consciousness and caste solidarity. The capacity of caste for adaptation is demonstrated through the powers of the institution of biradari to modify traditional rules of got exogamy for the smooth functioning of the institution of arranged marriage in Britain. Analysis of the life-cycle rituals provides new insights into the workings of caste, religion and the kinship system among the Sikhs. The role of the Sikh holy men is discussed to understand the quest for a living guru among the Sikhs. Comments are made on the role played by the gurdwaras in perpetuating Punjabi cultural traditions among Sikh migrants, including the teaching of Punjabi to Sikh children. A detailed examination of the existence and practices of caste institutions among the Sikhs in Leeds and Bradford leads to the conclusion that caste differences will persist in the internal organisation of the Sikhs in Britain.
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Dastgiri, Saeed. "Survival of children born with congenital anomalies : an epidemiological study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418380.
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Bruce, Matthew F. "A comparison and study of the Born and Rytov expansions." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11102009-020128/.
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ALDEA, CLAUDIO GOMES. "BORN TRULY GLOBAL: A CASE STUDY OF COMPANIES WITHOUT FRONTIERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=19191@1.
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Enquanto, nas últimas três décadas, as empresas chamadas de Nascidas
Globais (Born Globals) têm se destacado na literatura, um outro fenômeno,
também atrelado ao processo de internacionalização de empresas, parece estar
ocorrendo, muito embora, tenha sido pouco comentado. Trata-se das Empresas
sem Fronteiras (ESF). Estas são as empresas que verdadeiramente teriam nascido
globais, assemelhando-se assim às Born Globals, porém, diferenciando delas
porque, desde do momento em que foram concebidas, iniciaram suas atividades
internacionais, sob um amplo escopo geográfico, psíquico e organizacional,
possuindo indícios de cultivarem uma mentalidade global que as faz ver o mundo
sem fronteiras. As nuances do processo de internacionalização de uma empresa
classificada como sem fronteira foram analisadas por meio de um estudo de caso
em profundidade. Da mesma forma, os fatores que tenderiam a levar a este padrão
peculiar de internacionalização também são investigados no presente estudo.<br>While the last three decades, born global companies have distinguished
themselves in literature, another phenomenon, also linked to the
internationalization process of companies, seems to be happening but has been
little discussed. These are bordless companies. Ones that resemble the born
global, however, differ from them because, started its international activities from
the moment they are conceived, over a wide geographic, organizational and
psychological scopes, having evidence to cultivate a global mindset that makes
them see the world without borders. The nuances of the process of
internationalization of a company classified as a Borderless Company were
analyzed using a case study in depth. Likewise, the factors that tend to lead to this
peculiar pattern of internationalization are also investigated in this study.
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Dietz, Sarah. "Bradford Mills at Marki, Warsaw: A Case Study of British Entrepreneurship in Russian Poland 1883 – 1914." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/13700.
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This thesis explores the late-nineteenth century partnership between Bradford worsted manufacturers the Briggs brothers and the German merchant Ernst Posselt, and their subsequent foreign direct investment in a modern factory and workers’ community at Marki, near Warsaw, in Russian Poland. Protectionism and increasing foreign competition are discussed, among many complex economic pressures on British industry, as likely catalysts for this enterprise and the general historiography of the Polish lands is explored to reveal a climate of extraordinary opportunity for well-capitalised foreign industrialists in this period. This thesis provides fresh perspective on the role of the consular service in facilitating British foreign enterprise and, in context of the Bradford partners’ strategy for local integration through social networking and religious affiliation, presents unique findings regarding the character and operations of Warsaw’s elite commercial community in the late-nineteenth century. Through the development and domination of market and raw materials sources, this venture is shown to have monopolised worsted manufacture in the Russian Empire, using state of the art technology to create, and modern marketing techniques to promote, its product range and evolving image. Aspects of British and Polish social history are compared to assess the efficacy of introducing the model-community concept, in combination with a radical employment policy, to less industrially-developed Russian Poland. The instrumentality of an expatriate community of skilled Yorkshire foremen in diffusing British industrial technology throughout the Russian Empire is described, against a backdrop of political instability and social upheaval which dramatically impacted on business behaviour after 1905.
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Tinnion, Robert John. "Growth and metabolic outcomes in children born preterm : the Growmore Study." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3249.
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Background: The Growmore Study was an observational cohort study of adolescents born preterm, in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The cohort were born between 1993 and 1998: mean gestation at birth was 31 weeks (range 24+5d to 36+2d) and birthweight 1392g (690-2200g). Individuals were originally recruited into one of two randomised, controlled trials (‘growth’, n=113; and ‘protein’, n=134). As separate groups they were followed up at intervals, undergoing assessment of growth and development. From 247 children originally recruited, 220 completed assessments to 24 months of age. At age 10 underwent cognitive assessment. Between 9 and 13 years old, the two cohorts were amalgamated to a single cohort and underwent further auxological and metabolic testing (n=153/247) including DEXA scan (n=109) and bloods (n=139). The current study revisited the cohort, aged between 12 and 18 years old. Aims: The study aimed to explore relationships between: growth in early life; body fat deposition; mitochondrial oxidative capacity; and quantitatively assessed diet and activity in ex-preterms. Methods: 60 of the 235 traceable members of the original cohort were recruited into this study. They underwent multimodal assessment, including: auxological measures; body composition measurement by air-displacement plethysmography and skinfold thickness; magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), using a 3-Tesla scanner, custom-built coils and a tailored scanning routine to quantify skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity, lipid content of the liver, and fat-containing tissue at the L2/3 vertebral level; a standard OGTT (bloods taken at 0 and 120minutes); and serum insulin, glucose, lipid profile, liver function and Vitamin D measurement. Dietary intake was assessed using a computer-based recall diary and physical activity by wearing of accelerometers. Data was analysed by using a variety of statistical methods including comparative, correlation and regression analysis. Results: The 60 adolescents recruited for this study had a mean gestation at birth of 31 weeks (range 26+1d to 34+4d) with birthweight of 1370g (range 840-1870g). Their mean age at study was 15.5 years and M:F ratio was 1:1.4. Analysis showed they were not significantly different from their peers at the previous cohort assessment and both of the two original RCTs were almost equally represented (‘growth’: ‘protein’ = 1:1.07). The current study showed that amongst this cohort subgroup, vitamin D status iii correlated with time of year (p=0.046) and current weight SDS (p= 0.039). Skeletal muscle oxidative function was significantly related to vitamin D status (p=0.021) and gestational age at birth (p=0.005); combined r2:0.31; p=0.002). Earlier gestational age (GA) at birth and lower serum vitamin D was associated with reduced oxidative capacity. Physical activity was not associated with oxidative capacity. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT), circulating triglyceride (TG) and waist circumference were strongly associated with hepatic lipid content (all p<0.001); dietary intake was not. VAT and TG were highly significant when the model was adjusted for Tanner Stage (r2: 0.4; p=0.0002). GA and birthweight were not related to hepatic lipid deposition. Insulin sensitivity by two different measures was predicted by triglyceride levels (p<0.001), light activity (P<0.05) and vitamin D levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: Environment and early life both have an influence on adolescent physiology. The strength of association between vitamin D and muscle oxidative capacity has been observed in other conditions, but the contribution of gestation at birth in those born preterm is a novel finding. This may reflect either a variance in muscle fibre type or mitochondrial density directly related to developmental arrest or delay as a result of preterm birth. Vitamin D status also influences insulin sensitivity, as seen in other populations: Vitamin D status is an obvious target for dietary advice. Absence of an association between gestation and adiposity, and correlation between VAT and hepatic lipid deposition suggests that there are opportunities for children born preterm to improve their health in adolescence, and by implication, their future adult health.
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Astbury, Marc, and Marius Lux. "Foreign Market Entry Strategies: A Study of Born Global B2B SME’s." Thesis, KTH, Industriell Marknadsföring och Entreprenörskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209561.
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The global market place is becoming ever more accessible. Internet and communication technologies are opening up new opportunities for firms of all configurations. Based on that, this research will focus on Born Global business-to-business (B2B small, medium enterprises (SME) entering in the German market. The aim is to answer the following two research questions: ‘What does a Born Global B2B SME’s internationalization process look like?’ and ‘Which adaptations should a Born Global B2B SME make to acquire customers in the German market?’ A review of internationalization literature, complemented by company participation and interviews furthers the body of academic research in this subject area. Qualitative research is applied through a company case study and primary interviews are conducted. A case study is employed to further understand and practically apply adaptations a firm can make to increase its chance of success in a foreign market environment, once internationalizing. The conclusions drawn that a Born Global B2B SME entering a foreign market should make adaptations in its online presence to cater to the new market. Specifically, language adaptations are required to the native tongue. This research concludes with both practical and theoretical suggestions. The key findings from the interviews show that the Born Global B2B SME’s studied have taken an ‘accidental’ internationalization process.
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Boberg, Rebecka, and Sofia Wallström. "A study of twins born preterm : Functional lateralization, cognition, and brain volumes in twin and single-born children at early school ages." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103869.
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Earlier research has found that preterm birth with low gestational age (GA) and low birth weight (BW) is associated with an increased risk of long-term effects such as atypical lateralization, cognitive deficits and smaller brain volume. Similar consequences have been found in twins. This study compares twins born preterm (n=22, Mean GA=32.1, Mean BW=1781) with GA and BW matched singletons (n=24) and singletons born full term (n=22) on functional laterality, cognition (WISC-IV) and brain volume (SyMRI) at early school ages (M=7.8 years). The result showed that twins had a higher prevalence of left-handedness than both singleton groups. The preterm (PT) singletons show less right ear preference on the Dichotic Listening test than full term (FT) singletons. It was found that the FT-group performed higher than both PT-groups on cognition. Smaller brain volumes were associated with lower performances on WISC-IV in the group of twins. Furthermore it was found that the PT-singletons had smaller Total Brain volume as well as smaller Grey Matter than FT-singletons. No differences were found between the twins and the PT-singletons on intra pair comparisons. Combined with the associations found between GA, BW and cognitive performance and brain volumes the results indicate that low GA and BW are greater risk factors for long-term effects on development than twin-ship per se.
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Wallström, Sofia, and Rebecka Boberg. "A study of twins born preterm : Functional lateralization, cognition, and brain volumes in twin and single-born children at early school ages." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-103913.
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Earlier research has found that preterm birth with low gestational age (GA) and low birth weight (BW) is associated with an increased risk of long-term effects such as atypical lateralization, cognitive deficits and smaller brain volume. Similar consequences have been found in twins. This study compares twins born preterm (n=22, Mean GA=32.1, Mean BW=1781) with GA and BW matched singletons (n=24) and singletons born full term (n=22) on functional laterality, cognition (WISC-IV) and brain volume (SyMRI) at early school ages (M=7.8 years). The result showed that twins had a higher prevalence of left-handedness than both singleton groups. The preterm (PT) singletons show less right ear preference on the Dichotic Listening test than full term (FT) singletons. It was found that the FT-group performed higher than both PT-groups on cognition. Smaller brain volumes were associated with lower performances on WISC-IV in the group of twins. Furthermore it was found that the PT-singletons had smaller Total Brain volume as well as smaller Grey Matter than FT-singletons. No differences were found between the twins and the PT-singletons on intra pair comparisons. Combined with the associations found between GA, BW and cognitive performance and brain volumes the results indicate that low GA and BW are greater risk factors for long-term effects on development than twin-ship per se.
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Tunca, Burak, and Evgenia Yuditskaya. "Born Global Challenges and Performance - A Study on Competences, Routines, and Corporate Governance Structure of Born Global Software Companies in Sweden and Norway." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7305.
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<p><strong>Problem:</strong> How do the born global firms overcome challenges and sustain performance in international markets through their competences, routines, and corporate governance structure?</p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this thesis is to explore the competences, routines, and corporate governance structure of born global companies, and understand their role in overcoming challenges of early internationalization and sustaining performance in international markets from early days.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> This research is conducted as multi-disciplinary, consisting of literature from International Business and Strategic Management. Relevant data is collected through six in-depth interviews with executives of born global companies from Sweden and Norway. Qualitative analysis has been used at data analysis stage.</p><p><strong>Originality: </strong>This study contributes to literature by examining relatively neglected areas of born global companies; competences, routines, and corporate governance structure. It is also original in distilling a wide literature to explore challenges of born globals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our research reveals that despite their small size and limited resources, born global companies engage in competence building and leveraging activities, establish early international routines, and construct flexible governance structures to overcome challenges and achieve performance in the global arena.</p>
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Meurders, Daan. "On the emergence of born globals An empirical study of European gazelles /." St. Gallen, 2009. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/07603137001/$FILE/07603137001.pdf.
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Coriolano, Lindelia Sobreira. "Infant Mortality in Fortaleza: a Study of a Cohort of Born Alive." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4703.
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Infant mortality has shown, recently, a significant reduction of its magnitude, however is still
characterized as a serious public health problem. The component of neonatal and post
neonatal analysis, permit define appropriate specific strategies of action with the objective to
reduce these deaths. The main objective of this study was to analyze the cohort of newborns
living in Fortaleza, in the year 2004 to 2006, and identify areas of risk factors and components
of infant mortality. We used the technique of linkage of records contained in the Mortality
Information System (MIS), Hospital Information System of the SUS (SIH / SUS) and the
Information System on Live Births (Sinasc). It is estimated the coefficients of post-neonatal
mortality and neonatal variables of the main vital systems. We identified risk factors for the
components of infant mortality, with use of bi variety analysis and calculation of relative risk.
A spatial statistical analysis was performed using the empirical Bayesian method. The results
obtained using the procedure of linkage allowed the improvement of the information
contained in the SIM. The recovery of the records of deaths notified the SIM, through SIH /
SUS has achieved an increase in infant mortality in 3.9%, and can retrieve information of
deaths in 40 districts. The infant mortality rates, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality in
Fortaleza were respectively 18.5, 12.2 and 6.3 per thousand live births. As to the
characterization of neonatal death and post-neonatal period, there was a higher proportion of
birth and death of men. The coefficients of neonatal and post-neonatal mortality showed a
higher magnitude in children born premature, respectively, 115.4 and 23.8 per thousand live
births. The risk factors that showed a higher association with neonatal mortality were
prematurity, low birth weight and births occurring outside the hospital. For post-neonatal
mortality, the variables were more strongly related birth outside the hospital and prematurity.
As the spatial distribution of infant mortality, it is perceived contrasts between relevant areas
of worst and best conditions. In several areas of worse socioeconomic conditions were found
low mortality rates, on the other hand, areas of better conditions showed high mortality rates.
It was the existence of heterogeneous spatial pattern for neonatal mortality and post-neonatal,
seeing is districts with high rates near the neighborhood of low rates.<br>A mortalidade infantil tem apresentado, ultimamente, uma significativa reduÃÃo da sua
magnitude, no entanto ainda se caracteriza como grave problema de saÃde pÃblica. As
anÃlises de componente neonatal e pÃs-neonatal permitem definir estratÃgias especÃficas de
atuaÃÃo mais adequadas com o objetivo de reduzir esses Ãbitos. O principal objetivo deste
estudo foi analisar a coorte de nascidos vivos residentes em Fortaleza, do ano de 2004 a 2006,
e identificar os fatores e Ãreas de risco dos componentes da mortalidade infantil. Foi utilizada
a tÃcnica de linkage dos registros contidos no Sistema de InformaÃÃo sobre Mortalidade
(SIM), Sistema de InformaÃÃes Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS) e Sistema de InformaÃÃo
sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Calcularam-se os coeficientes de mortalidade neonatal e pÃsneonatal
das principais variÃveis dos sistemas vitais. Foram identificados os fatores de risco
para os componentes da mortalidade infantil, com utilizaÃÃo da anÃlise bivariada e cÃlculo do
risco relativo. A anÃlise estatÃstica espacial foi realizada utilizando-se o mÃtodo Bayesiano
empÃrico. Os resultados obtidos com o uso do procedimento do linkage possibilitaram a
melhoria das informaÃÃes contidas no SIM. A recuperaÃÃo dos registros de Ãbitos
subnotificados no SIM, por meio do SIH/SUS atingiu um aumento da mortalidade infantil em
3,9%, sendo possÃvel recuperar informaÃÃes de Ãbitos em 40 bairros. Os coeficientes de
mortalidade infantil, neonatal e pÃs-neonatal em Fortaleza foram, respectivamente, de 18,5;
12,2 e 6,3 por mil nascidos vivos. Quanto à caracterizaÃÃo do Ãbito neonatal e pÃs-neonatal,
observou-se uma maior proporÃÃo de nascimento e Ãbito do sexo masculino. Os coeficientes
de mortalidade neonatal e pÃs-neonatal apresentaram maior magnitude nas crianÃas nascidas
prematuras, respectivamente, 115,4 e 23,8 por mil nascidos vivos. Os fatores de risco que
apresentaram maior associaÃÃo com a mortalidade neonatal foram a prematuridade, o baixo
peso ao nascer e os nascimentos ocorridos fora do hospital. Para a mortalidade pÃs-neonatal,
as variÃveis mais fortemente relacionadas foram nascer fora do hospital e a prematuridade.
Quanto à distribuiÃÃo espacial da mortalidade infantil, percebem-se contrastes relevantes entre
Ãreas de piores e melhores condiÃÃes de vida. Em diversas Ãreas de piores condiÃÃes
socioeconÃmicas foram detectadas baixas taxas de mortalidade, por outro lado, Ãreas de
melhores condiÃÃes apresentaram altas taxas de mortalidade. Verificou-se a existÃncia de
padrÃo espacial heterogÃneo para a mortalidade neonatal e pÃs-neonatal, visualizando-se
bairros com taxas elevadas prÃximos a bairro de taxas baixas.
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Sutcliffe, Alastair Gordon. "A study of children born after novel types of in vitro fertilisation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406494.
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Chung, Yee-har Ida, and 鍾綺霞. "An exploratory study of marital adjustment of mothers with a first born child." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31249206.
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Chung, Yee-har Ida. "An exploratory study of marital adjustment of mothers with a first born child /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13418075.
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Mesaros, Noémi, and Forsbäck Adriana Turunen. "A process of internationalization by digital born globals : ‘Case study on fintech companies’." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388472.
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Digital services have immeasurably transformed the world economy, and so people’s lives, over the past two decades. One industry where digitalization has been slower is the financial services. Nevertheless, this has changed in the past years with the emergence of fintech companies disrupting the traditional banks and payment solutions. Several studies have researched the internationalization process of digital born globals across different industries. However, due to how recent and emerging the fintech industry is, the area is understudied. To gain insight on the internationalization process of digital born globals within the fintech industry this study was based on an empirical multiple-case study including 4 fintech companies from Sweden and Finland. The main finding of this study is that fintech firms do not expand like other digital born globals but instead follow a more traditional, incremental internationalization process. We also observed that fintech companies used an online entry strategy initially allowing a fast entry process. In some cases, they also established offline presence. Overall, we hope to contribute to theory by giving insight on which factors that cause fintech companies to expand, how the internationalization process looks, how external partnerships might influence, and which challenges they might face.
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Börjesson, Hanna, and Katarina Tiberg. "How to characterize internationalization speed : A qualitative study of Born digitals’ internationalization processes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447809.
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During the last few years, there has been a shift from a physical to a digital focus within companies. In line with the digital transformation, the number of born digitals has increased in the market. Born digitals often exclude stages in the traditional internationalization theories and use different strategies to reach new markets rapidly. The aim of this thesis is to widen the understanding of born digital internationalization and identify characteristics of the speed. To investigate characteristics we conducted semi-structured interviews with managers of born digital firms. The Gioia method was used to analyze the empirical data and three aggregated dimensions were characterized; an aligned growth strategy, level of digital presence and network capacity, and the ability to change. The internationalization strategy and speed varied between the companies depending on different barriers in terms of e.g. culture or legal circumstances. The digital transformation has also entailed companies to have a digital presence in all countries worldwide and tailor their business models digitally. Some companies can leverage their business model to foreign countries to accelerate the internationalization without having a local office in that particular country, while other firms are in greater need of establishing a local presence to manage e.g. their network with authorities in order to internationalize to particular countries. The ability to perform changes in the business model of a born digital company might be another characteristic, to meet customer demands in different foreign countries. In conclusion, digital business models could result in new opportunities which could affect the speed of internationalization in different ways. Keywords: Born digitals, Internationalization speed, the Uppsala model, Digital presence, Network.
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Elwood, Edith Lynnette Pratt. "Identity negotiation and first birth : a study of social process /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Penn, Rosemarie. "Manumalo: a study of factors which facilitate success for New Zealand-born Samoan students at university." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/862.
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This thesis is about factors which aid and hinder successful completions for New Zealand-born Samoans. The thesis explores the proposition that educational marginalisation of minority students will be perpetuated until AUT adopts policies and procedures which enable culturally responsive educational pedagogies and practices which honour indigenous minorities. The thesis asked New Zealand-born Samoan students, what is the nature of their aiga (family) and cultural support frameworks (structures), and, further, to what extent and how and why do these students engage with such networks (processes)? This study used a qualitative approach within which six New Zealand-born Samoan students were interviewed using a semi-structured approach to gathering data. The interview data were transcribed and a thematic analysis was manually completed both within and across the six cases. The turnaround time in gaining ethics approval impacted upon the capacity of the investigator to conduct this research in what she considered to be a culturally appropriate manner and the cautious vigilance of the final ethics committee approval was perceived as a barrier to making culturally appropriate contact. It was discovered that Samoan structures, especially family, are paramount in supporting educational success because of the Fa’a Samoa processes which they engender. A further discovery was that New Zealand-born Samoans retain cultural affiliations so their lifestyle shows deep regard for Fa’a Samoa identity. Through these affiliations, meaningful life metaphors become applied. It was concluded that transforming staff so that they understand Pasifika peoples is crucial to growing Pasifika educational success. Staff development must, therefore, be planned so that meaningful understandings of Pasifika concepts and frameworks become nurtured and that is a challenge which AUT must embrace and action.
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Crane, Denise. "BradICS : Bradford Infant Care Study : a qualitative study of infant care practices and unexpected infant death in an urban multi-cultural UK population." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10683/.
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This study is conducted in collaboration with the Born in Bradford study and is a qualitative follow-up investigation to the BradICS quantitative study. The BradICS study explored the variability between white British and South Asian families (the vast majority were of Pakistani origin) in Bradford, West Yorkshire in the UK focusing on well-known Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) related infant care behaviours. Utilising an evolutionary perspective this research qualitatively explores the infant care practices in relation to SIDS between white British and Pakistani mothers in Bradford. It is considered important to recognise the social and cultural environment where infant care is performed together with people’s perceptions of motherhood and infancy to fully understand infant care practices adopted in the family micro-environment. Methods This study employed the method of focused narrative interviews with 25 white British and 21 Pakistani mothers (n=46). In addition all quantitative socio-demographic information regarding the participants was obtained direct from the mothers and from the main Born in Bradford database. Results Several differences were noted between the white British and Pakistani families regarding parental smoking, alcohol consumption and the overall family network and environment. Variations were noted between the two groups for infant night and day time sleep locations, sleep positions and the overall sleep environment as well as infant care practices of sofa sharing, bathing and pacifier use. Differences were also noted between the white British and Pakistani families for parental concerns regarding infant temperature together with the use of infant temperature monitors and baby intercom monitors. Additionally, perceptions of motherhood and infancy showed variation between the white British and Pakistani mothers which influenced certain aspects of infant care. Conclusions The social and cultural ecology together with a mother’s perceptions of motherhood and infancy influence how mothers negotiate the SIDS prevention guidelines; either adopting, dismissing or adapting the health care advice regarding infant care in relation to SIDS.
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Cox, Elaine Rosalie Jane. "Mentors - born or made? : a study of mentor development in a community mentoring context." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484206.
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Mentoring is a burgeoning activity, occurring in a large variety of organisational settings. Although the gains for all parties are well recognised the emphasis in much of the mentoring literature is on benefits for recipients. This study highlights the lack of attention paid to mentor development and through a qualitative study of a community mentoring project, draws out a number of important aspects aimed at informing future training and support for mentors. A multi-method approach, incorporating documentary and experiential analysis, together with focus groups and interviews, provides details of recruitment and selection, training and matching, and reveals mentors' responses to different aspects of their role. In particular a tension is detected between the voluntary nature of mentoring and the recruitment requirement for `mentor readiness' in order to meet mentees' needs. The potential for enhancing mentor development through role-play during training is emphasised, and exposes the need for contextual understanding. The crucial need for an understanding of the mentoring context is discussed alongside the ongoing modification of that understanding through interaction with the mentee during mentoring practice. This process of practice-based learning is considered vital in the development of mentors and mechanisms for enhancing and capturing learning through self-reflection are described. The need for mentor networks in which mentors can share good practice and begin to build communities of practice is also stressed. Another important aspect which is accented in this study is the definition of mentoring itself. The term `transactional mentoring' is introduced in order to distinguish between spontaneous mentoring and formal mentoring which is usually time constrained and reliant upon a negotiated scheme definition and agreements made between the mentor and mentee
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Sunzel, William. "“No one is born a terrorist” : A study of Securitization, Human Rights and Terrorism." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352151.
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Securitization is the move in which an issue is argued to pose an existential threat to a referent object. Speech acts are considered to be the starting point for the securitization of an issue. This thesis viewed governmental counter-terrorism strategies as potential carriers of speech acts - hence the strategies could constitute the start of terrorism becoming securitized by a government. By using a generic speech act typology created by Stritzel, which combines critical discourse analysis with the securitization theory on Swedish and British counter-terrorism strategies, the thesis identifies a speech act in the most recent British strategy. The second finding is that in the case where the speech act occurred, the human rights discourse was significantly lower, compared to the cases where no speech act occurred. The thesis also provides suggestions for future research on the topic of speech acts.
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Martins, Octhavio de Freitas. "A qualitative study of the internationalization of born-global technology start-ups in Brazil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15071.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-17<br>O fenômeno das empresas born globals e a internacionalização de empresas brasileiras de base tecnológica são tópicos recentes na literatura acadêmica, devido também ao fenômeno ser recente. Não existem muitos estudados feitos com foco no mercado brasileiro, e os poucos que foram feitos, possuem um viés quantitativo. Esse estudo, entretanto, tem como objetivo analisar startups de maneira qualitativa. Uma extensa revisão de literatura foi desenvolvida a fim de melhor analisar as fundações nas quais o estudo seria desenvolvido, revisando os métodos de internacionalização, empreendedorismo no Brasil, e o fenômeno born global no geral. Entrevistas foram conduzidas com empreendedores no Brasil, que passaram pelo processo de internacionalização de seus modelos de negócios, a fim de reunir introspecções a respeito das peculiaridades do mercado brasileiro. Foram também analisados os fatores de escalabilidade de modelos de negócios dependentes de tecnologia, motivadores para a internacionalização, critério de seleção de mercados, programas governamentais, e o papel das startups brasileiras em uma perspectiva global.<br>The born-global phenomenon and the internationalization of Brazilian technology-based start-ups are very recent topics in the academic literature due to the phenomenon itself also being relatively recent. Not many studies have been made focusing on the Brazilian market, and the few ones that do focus on Brazil, have been made from a quantitative perspective. This study, on the other hand, aims to analyze start-ups qualitatively. An extensive literature review was developed to better analyze the foundations on which the study would be built on, reviewing internationalization methods, entrepreneurship in Brazil, and the born-global phenomenon in general. In addition, interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs in Brazil who have been through internationalizing their business models, in order to gather in-depth insights regarding the nuances of the Brazilian reality. The scalability of technology-dependent business models, internationalization triggers, criteria for selecting target markets, governmental programs, and the role of Brazilian start-ups in a global perspective, were also factors analyzed.
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Do, Amaral Eduardo, and Kevin Walther. "An explorative study on small-sized game development firms from a born global perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324883.
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The existing literature provides a variety of drivers enabling rapid internationalization of born global firms. This explorative study with its inductive approach attempts to analyze to what extent born global theory can be used to understand internationalization in the context of small-sized game development firms. Five interviews of a qualitative nature are used to collect data from founders of firms in this under-researched context. The data collection process is based on an operationalization of concepts based on the three categories of founder, organizational and macro-environmental drivers. The findings show that the firms can be aligned to three different stages of their business development, from subcontracting, to game development, to self-publishing. Subcontractors are not born global, but game developers must develop games with global market potential. These firms are pushed to be international by the heavily globalized nature of their industry and digital nature of both the products and the distribution platforms. Founder and organizational factors do not drive the born global approach as much as the environment, but still play a role in explaining the business of these firms. Overall, the findings of this thesis may provide a guiding point for further research in this specific context of firms acting in an industry with immediate internationalization.
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Penn, Rosemarie. "Manumalo:a study of factors which facilitate success for New Zealand - born Samoan students at university." AUT University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/889.
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This thesis is about factors which aid and hinder successful completions for New Zealand-born Samoans. The thesis explores the proposition that educational marginalisation of minority students will be perpetuated until AUT adopts policies and procedures which enable culturally responsive educational pedagogies and practices which honour indigenous minorities. The thesis asked New Zealand-born Samoan students, what is the nature of their aiga (family) and cultural support frameworks (structures), and, further, to what extent and how and why do these students engage with such networks (processes)? This study used a qualitative approach within which six New Zealand-born Samoan students were interviewed using a semi-structured approach to gathering data. The interview data were transcribed and a thematic analysis was manually completed both within and across the six cases. The turnaround time in gaining ethics approval impacted upon the capacity of the investigator to conduct this research in what she considered to be a culturally appropriate manner and the cautious vigilance of the final ethics committee approval was perceived as a barrier to making culturally appropriate contact. It was discovered that Samoan structures, especially family, are paramount in supporting educational success because of the Fa’a Samoa processes which they engender. A further discovery was that New Zealand-born Samoans retain cultural affiliations so their lifestyle shows deep regard for Fa’a Samoa identity. Through these affiliations, meaningful life metaphors become applied. It was concluded that transforming staff so that they understand Pasifika peoples is crucial to growing Pasifika educational success. Staff development must, therefore, be planned so that meaningful understandings of Pasifika concepts and frameworks become nurtured and that is a challenge which AUT must embrace and action.
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Jackson, Mark Andrew. "New-born child murder : a study of suspicion, evidence, and proof in eighteenth-century England." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431892.
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Vollmer, B. "The neural basis of epilepsy and cognitive impairment in children born preterm : a neuroimaging study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446148/.
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The work described in this thesis aimed to investigate the characteristics and neural correlates of epilepsy and cognitive impairment in preterm children. From a large cohort of preterm children (born at gestational age < 33 weeks), those who had developed epilepsy by age eight years were included in the study. Since the main hypothesis was that in those children with epilepsy and/or cognitive impairment additional undetected grey matter abnormalities are present, preterm control children without epilepsy from the same cohort were selected such that balance was achieved with respect to white matter abnormalities identified on neonatal cranial ultrasound. Conventional structural magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data were analysed qualitatively (visual inspection) for white and grey matter abnormalities. In addition, a quantitative MR imaging analysis method, voxel-based morphometry (VBM), was used for detection of more subtle grey matter abnormalities that may not be detected by purely visual analysis of MR images. Perinatal and neonatal data, data from neurological and psychometric assessments, from the medical history and data obtained from electroencephalography (EEG) were analysed and related to neuroimaging findings. Visual analysis of MR images identified brain abnormalities that had gone undetected on neonatal ultrasound. VBM analysis identified subtle grey matter abnormalities that had not been detected on visual analysis of MR images. VBM-detected grey matter abnormalities were associated with periventricular white matter reduction identified on visual inspection of MR images. The analyses provide evidence for epilepsy and/or cognitive impairment to be related to both reduction of periventricular white matter and subtle VBM-detected grey matter abnormalities. The data suggest that using combined information from visual inspection of MR images and VBM analysis of grey matter improves significantly the prediction of epilepsy and cognitive outcome compared to using findings from clinical variables alone. The data also indicate that in this study group, the extent of brain injury had a stronger effect on cognitive outcome than the presence of epilepsy.
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Grey, Charlotte Jane. "Ethnobiology, ethnic cuisines, and provision of health care among Ukrainian and Sikh migrants in Bradford, UK. A comparative study of plant-based food and drink used for maintaining health, tradition and cultural identity amongst Sikh and Ukrainian migrant communities in Bradford." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5396.
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Using ethnobotanical, anthropological and social science theory and methods this
work illustrates significance of studying traditional foods and their medicinal qualities
for maintaining health. Set in the background of the communities¿ practises and
rituals specific plant-based items, used by Sikh and Ukrainian migrant communities,
are a central focus to understanding the significance of practises and related
knowledge for maintaining health and the broader concept of ¿well-being¿. Literature
review, participant observation and in-depth interviewing techniques were used to
identify 126 species of plants mentioned. These illustrate what was a primarily
female domain of knowledge now becoming superficial and spread over domains of
both men and women. This study notes convenience in terms of time and transport,
changes in markets in the UK, importation of goods and the use of machinery and
techniques such as freezing, and intervention by healthcare professionals have all
affected the way traditional foods and remedies are perceived and practised. There
are key foods which will remain important for generations to come whilst the domains
are changing. Specific community structures support maintenance of food practises,
including langar within the Sikh community and the regular OAP Ukrainian
lunchtime club and numerous food events where foods with particular religious and
cultural significance are made by at least two generations. These events involve
transmission of knowledge related to foods and their health qualities, including
images of strength as a ¿people¿. By questioning the significance of emic perspectives
healthcare professionals and policymakers could learn much from practises developed
over centuries or millennia.
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Banerjee, I. "Outcome studies of effects of interventions in early life : 1. Outcome of children born to mothers with renal disease in pregnancy-PORD study ; 2. Outcome of children born after preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening- PGD/S study." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1310140/.
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Objectives: To assess two cohorts of children exposed to adverse/atypical in utero environments. The first group was born to mothers with chronic renal disease in pregnancy (PORD). The second group was born after pre implantation genetic diagnosis/screening (PGD/PGS). The aim was to describe the health of these two groups of children in terms of physical/neurodevelopmental and behavioural well being (in relation to a matched control group of children born to healthy mothers). To assess any impact from having a child whilst undergoing treatment for chronic renal disease on the psychological health of the mother and/or maternal child bonding/relationships. To consider specific factors in the management of maternal renal disease which may have deleterious effects on the child's outcome (e.g. fetal drug exposure) To assess any impact of the difficulties of having a child after PGD/PGS, which can often be stressful for couples, on the psychological health of the parents / or parent-child bonding/ relationships. Methods: Two population based case control studies of 176 children (and their families): One of 24 children born to mothers with chronic renal disease in pregnancy and one of 49 children born after preimplantation genetic diagnosis/screening.Controls were 37 children born to well mothers without renal disease and 66 children born after natural conception. Outcome measures included: A full physical examination of the child, which included assessment of growth and general health. An assessment of development using Griffiths Mental Development Scales. Questionnaire-based to assessment of parent child relationships. Results: Study and control children in both cohort studies were comparable for growth parameters and neurodevelopmental scores as assessed by the Griffiths Scales of Mental Development. The children showed no between group differences in the temperamental characteristics perceived by mothers. There was no evidence of more stress amongst study group mothers or evidence of impaired bonding between mother and child in comparison with controls. The PGD group had a significantly higher score on the warmth-affection subscale, and significantly lower score on the aggression-hostility and rejection sub-scales than the control group. The PORD group demonstrated more externalising behavioural difficulties. although the study reported that families (with renal disease) were more likely to be from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Significantly fewer vaginal deliveries were reported for mothers with renal disease and their infants were more likely to experience neonatal morbidity. Summary of findings from the PORD and PGD/S studies. PORD study The results of this study were generally reassuring for the families where the mother have chronic renal disease and have had children. Study and control children were comparable for growth parameters and neurodevelopmental scores as assessed by the Griffiths scales of mental development. Numbers were small. However the data does provide reassurance to a group of mothers with a variety of renal disease that there was no effect related to maternal disease or medications used on growth and development of the children. The study highlights significant differences in externalising behaviour (e.g. rule breaking and aggressive behaviour) between the study and the control groups. The numbers involved were small and further studies would be needed to establish this. The result might relate to the comparative social disadvantage (as assessed by the social class classification) seen in a higher proportion of PORD mothers than control mothers. There was no difference in the temperamental characteristics perceived by mothers in study and control groups. There was no evidence of more stress amongst mothers with renal disease or evidence of impaired bonding between mother and child in comparison with controls. The number of cases in the study was insignificant to provide strong evidence about the relation of severity of renal failure and outcome of the children. This was further compounded by difficulties in gathering maternal data from case notes. Even though there were only eight mothers post transplant and the study provided some preliminary data to suggest that the well-being of these children were comparable with that of children born to well mothers. However, further larger studies are needed in the future. PGD study This study is the first detailed study of children born after PGD world wide who were over a year of age and provides provisional reassurance that these children are healthy in comparison to naturally conceived children. Growth parameters and neurodevelopmental scores were comparable in the study and the control group, providing reassuring information for couples who have undergone the procedure and also future couples who will be undergoing the procedure. The children studied did not show any temperamental, behavioural or emotional difficulties. The PGD group had significantly higher scores on the warmth-affection sub-scale, and significantly lower scores on the aggression-hostility and rejection sub-scales than the control group. There was also no indication of increased levels of stress related to parenting. Conclusion: The studies in this thesis are reassuring in terms of physical and neurodevelopmental health of children born to mothers after chronic renal disease in pregnancy and of children conceived following pre implantation genetic diagnosis/screening and their family relationships.
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Wirén, Eva. "Women's varying life careers and shifting life-patterns : a study of Swedish women born in 1948 /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/ibv79s.htm.
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Chan, Wai-hong John, and 陳偉康. "An exploratory study on the characteristics on the non-locally-born juvenile offenders in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3124807X.
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Haeri, Mazanderani Fawzia. "Navigating the 'new South Africa' : an ethnographic study of the 'born free' generation in Mpumalanga province." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/79748/.
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This thesis explores the aspirations of black South Africans who were born after the end of apartheid. These young people are controversially referred to as the ‘born free' generation. They were born into a democracy that officially offers them equal opportunities but continues to grapple with a legacy of racial discrimination, spatial segregation and unequal educational provision. Despite the majority of ‘born frees' experiencing poor educational attainment and high levels of unemployment, existing research indicates that those in this category hold ambitious future aspirations, although these rarely come to fruition. The focus of my work is the aspirations of rural youth and draws upon ten months of ethnographic data collected within a township in Mpumalanga province. It analyses selected curriculum content, observations, focus groups and interviews with two groups of young people – those in their last year of schooling and those two years out of school. Through ethnographic observations in one secondary school in particular, I elucidate how students' schooling environments relay particular discourses concerning what constitutes a ‘good education' and what it means to aspire towards a ‘good life.' Integrating insights from feminist, poststructural and postcolonial theories, I consider how the discourses of the ‘new South Africa' are transmitted within the schooling environments, homes and wider social and political arenas which these young people occupy, thereby creating and structuring ways for them to speak and think about their futures. My analysis engages with the shifting attachments that shape how South Africans living in a rural area construct their narratives of the future and demonstrates how these young people's performances of identity are both spatially constructed and affectively negotiated. By considering the silences and contradictions in their imaginaries, this thesis shows how the discourses through which these imaginaries are constructed create boundaries around ways of being and becoming that are deemed valuable and those that are not. In problematising an understanding of aspiration as an individual disposition, my research demonstrates that the hopes of young, black South Africans are rooted in social and spatial inequalities.
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Moore, Sally. "Exploring the experiences of women who were born with cleft lip and palate : an IPA study." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21728/.
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Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CL/P) is characterised as a birth defect or congenital anomaly which occurs in one in every 500-700 births globally. This research study explores the subjective, phenomenological experiences of eight women with CL/P using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to determine how women experience and manage living with CL/P and to consider implications for counselling psychology. Quantitative and qualitative studies indicate the overall low psychological impact of being born with CL/P, but also show disparities and contradictions. This author was born with CL/P. Method: Ethical approval was obtained. Semi-structured interviews and open-ended questions were used. Eight women born with CL/P were recruited using purposive sampling. Participant accounts of their lived experiences were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interviews took 73 to 120 minutes, (mean 90 minutes). Analysis Four themes were identified: 'The threatened self' explores the complexity inherent in the development of identity; 'being different to others' explores interpersonal experiences of participants; 'facing challenges' explores challenges and 'wishing things had been better' explores experiences which participants share as a means of acting as advocates for others. Discussion: My research supports existing CL/P literature. 'Wishing things had been better' has not been explored previously. I found that meaning-making is important for individuals with CL/P. I consider that it would be beneficial for CL/P to be conceptualised as a long-term condition requiring psychological support, and if adult CL/P should have improved access to support, including psychological, for key life events. I designed a check-list of issues to consider when working with a client with CL/P. This research has demonstrated that women's experiences of living with CL/P are multi-faceted and demonstrates a duality of experience in which being born with and living with CL/P throughout life may be thought of as both 'not a problem' and 'a problem' at different stages of life.
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Kurniadi, Muhammad Ardi, and Hamid Mohamed. "Green and Global: Internationalization of eco-innovated Born Global firms : Case Study of biocomposite plastic industry." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446822.
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Sustainability and eco-innovation trends in business are increasingly diffused globally. The quest for sustainable materials to overcome the alarming global tendency of plastic ubiquity is one of the main reasons for such trends. It draws the attention of international actors in the business ranging from a big incumbent multinational company to a small but international firm. The phenomenon of a small firm that quickly becomes global is pervasive and contributes crucially to the global economy. Due to the born global (BG) novelty, internationalization in BG firms has been elaborated primarily in a general context, excluding the firms and industry-particular characteristics. The study aims to understand the internationalization process of a BG firm equipped with an eco-innovation context at the early stage in the biocomposite industry, using an effectual approach as conceptual lenses. The conceptual lens creates interplay among the combined international business area, international entrepreneurship, and emerging eco-innovation field through the embedded effectuation principles. The study embraces an inductive case study approach which involves 12 participants from international actors and members of BG firms in semi-structured interviews. Furthermore, the industrial context of the study revolves around the biocomposite industry and its network to view eco-innovation nuance. The research found that Eco-innovation technology competence becomes the available means to internationalize for BG firm. Moreover, it is concluded that the effectuation theory is reliable both to be used by researchers in analyzing the phenomenon and dominantly used by the entrepreneur in internationalizing their business in uncertain time such as the early stage of internationalization. BG firm utilizes the contingencies through a learning process iteratively but at a quick pace due to their alliance with the network, but the business form is more effectually transformed instead of incrementally changing and well-planned. The use of a formal causation approach was present yet limited during the process. The findings of this study add to the existing literature of internationalization by incorporating eco-innovation, as well as bridging the gap between eco-innovation, international business, and entrepreneurship literature.
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Davidson, Gabrielle. "First and second born twins: a comparative study utilizing the Graffiths mental development scales - extended revised." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/669.
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Despite the concept of twins and twinning being a highly explored area of research for many years, limited research has been conducted on the comparison of first and second born twin development. The nature of twins leads people to believe that twins will present with similar characteristics, however, this study explores the possibility that due to their ordinal position they could in fact present with differing characteristics and could differ developmentally. The early holistic development of a child influences the rest of their lives. Concerning twins, the development of individuality and self-knowledge is especially important. Theorists, such as Piaget (1950), propose that child development takes place in stages and that although the order in which children proceed through these stages is the same, the pace at which this takes place can vary. The necessity of monitoring the child’s journey through these stages highlights the value of child developmental assessment. This form of assessment needs to be holistic, needs to involve a multidisciplinary team of professionals and needs to utilize assessment measures that are valid, reliable, culture-fair and standardized. The Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) is one such measure. This study, focusing on twin development, aimed to contribute and provide valuable information to a larger research project that is currently under way aiming to increase the applicability of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales-Extended Revised (GMDS-ER) in the South African context. The primary aim of the study, however, was to explore and compare the performance of normal first born and second born twins, aged between 2 and 8 years 4 months old, on the GMDS-ER. The purpose of the study was to generate information on the relationship between first born twins’ general development and second born twins’ general development. An exploratory, descriptive quantitative design was used. Participants were selected through a combination of non-probability purposive, convenience and snowball sampling. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and dependent sample t-tests were employed to compare the General Quotients (GQ’s) of the first and second born twins in the sample. Results showed that no significant differences were found between the first and second born twins’ general development. Information generated from this study contributed to 1) child development research; 2) twin developmental research within a South African context; and 3) a greater group of studies on the GMDS-ER, currently underway in the United Kingdom and South Africa, aiming to contribute to the international credibility of this measure
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Zolobova, Julia, Helena Björk, and Anastasia Sysoeva. "Rise of a Global Start-Up : A Study of the Internationalization Process of a Born Global Firm." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16232.
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Purpose This study explores the internationalization pathway of the Born Global, The Company, when entering the Mexican market. Background Companies have recently started realizing the importance of “being green” for their customers. Market demand shifts towards more natural and renewable materials that can prevent damage and enhance the well-being of individuals and societies. Therefore, the market for biodegradable materials is growing and is full of possibilities. Today, many additives suppliers operate globally. Born Global firms stand out with their approach to the internationalization process. It is interesting to find out the uniqueness of the Born Global firm’s internationalization pathway, their motivation and behavior. Method Qualitative data was collected through two in-depth semi-structured interviews with two top management team members of The Company behind the case study. Before the two main interviews, 4 pre-interviews took place, which helped the authors to become familiar with the environment and operations of the company. This data was complemented with secondary data obtained though literature reviews. Conclusion The authors were able to find several gaps in the Integrative Model of Small Firms Internationalization, by Bell et al. (2003). Firstly, they found that not all Born Global firms have a Home market to return to. Secondly, it was clear that the model was too rigid in its segmentation of types of Born Global firms. According to the research done by the authors, a firm can act as both an innovator and adopter, as a “Knowledge-intensive” and “Knowledge-based” firm, and can target both a niche and a mass market simultaneously.
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Lockyer, Bridget. "Women's paid and unpaid work in the UK voluntary sector since 1978 : a qualitative study of small and medium size organisations in Bradford." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7415/.
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Since the publication of the Wolfenden Report The Future of Voluntary Organisations in 1978, the UK voluntary sector has grown exponentially and become an important actor in the delivery of welfare services. In this thesis, I examine women’s reported experiences of paid and unpaid work within this sector. I investigate why women continue to outnumber men in the sector’s workforce, and identify the ways in which voluntary-sector work is gendered. To do this, I draw on twenty-eight semi-structured ‘work history’ interviews with women who were volunteers, paid staff or both within voluntary organisations in Bradford, West Yorkshire. The analysis is split into three chapters. The first explores women’s initial engagements with the voluntary sector and pinpoints the times in women’s lives when they are more likely to enter into either paid or unpaid work in the sector. The second focuses on working conditions in the sector, and examines what factors make voluntary-sector work both desirable and possible for women. The third discusses how the voluntary sector has developed since 1978 and how these changes have impacted on its predominantly female workforce, with a particular focus on changes since the 2008 financial crash. Unlike previous research, this thesis focuses on women’s work in the voluntary sector specifically. My findings demonstrate that voluntary-sector work is particularly accessible to women and more aligned to their work prioritisations, career trajectories and lifestyles. I also discuss what the persistence of gender segregation in the sector means for the women who work within it.