Academic literature on the topic 'Borobudur'

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Journal articles on the topic "Borobudur"

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Kurent, Tine. "The Om mani padme hum, the Platonic Soul, the Tao, and the Greek Cross are an Architectural Tool." Acta Neophilologica 22 (December 15, 1989): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.22.0.3-12.

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The plan of Borobuclur conforms with two concentric octagrams. The lines of the scheme, their lengths, and their intersections, determine the articulation of the Borobudur composition, i. e. the sizes of every part and of the whole as well. The sizes of Borobudur are modular. Their modular multiples are Pell numbers, the ratios of which rationally approximate the irrational proportions in octagram If Borobudur numbers are located in the Peli number-pattern and connected with a line, the syllable OM, written in Sanskrit, appears. The word octagram is only the modern European name of the symbol of OM. The prayer OM MANI PADME HUM, translated as 'the JEWEL and the LOTOS', is a good description of octagram.
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Kurent, Tine. "The Om mani padme hum, the Platonic Soul, the Tao, and the Greek Cross are an Architectural Tool." Acta Neophilologica 22 (December 15, 1989): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.22.1.3-12.

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The plan of Borobuclur conforms with two concentric octagrams. The lines of the scheme, their lengths, and their intersections, determine the articulation of the Borobudur composition, i. e. the sizes of every part and of the whole as well. The sizes of Borobudur are modular. Their modular multiples are Pell numbers, the ratios of which rationally approximate the irrational proportions in octagram If Borobudur numbers are located in the Peli number-pattern and connected with a line, the syllable OM, written in Sanskrit, appears. The word octagram is only the modern European name of the symbol of OM. The prayer OM MANI PADME HUM, translated as 'the JEWEL and the LOTOS', is a good description of octagram.
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Sofianto, Arif. "STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN PARIWISATA NASIONAL BOROBUDUR." Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah 16, no. 1 (June 5, 2018): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36762/litbangjateng.v16i1.745.

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DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF BOROBUDUR NATIONAL TOURISM AREAABSTRAKKawasan Borobudur dan sekitarnya termasuk salah satu Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Nasional (KSPN). Pemerintah mentargetkan kunjungan wisatawan asing ke kawasan ini sebanyak 2 juta wisatawan asing, dan 11 juta wisatawan domestik pada tahun 2019. Di sisi lain, Balai Konservasi Borobudur (BKB) yang bertanggungjawab dalam pemelihara Candi Borobudur telah menbuat kajian bahwa daya tampung Borobudur hanya 123 orang naik bersamaan di atas candi, dan 528 orang di halaman candi. Saat ini jumlah wisatawan yang naik 10 kali lipatnya, dan terdapat indikasi kerusakan. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, tujuan penelitian ini adalah; 1) bagaimana solusi pengelolaan KSPN Borobudur agar terjadi sisi kelestarian serta tercapai target kunjungan, 2) bagaimana peran yang dapat dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah daerah di sekitar Kawasan Borobudur untuk menyambut penetapan status kawasan dan proyek stretegis yang akan dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan pengamatan langsung, serta penelusuran data sekunder melalui berbagai dokumen. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan analisis interaktif sebagaimana dikembangkan oleh Miles & Huberman. Penelitian dilakukan di sekitar kawasan Borobudur, yaitu Kabupaten Magelang, Kabupaten Purworejo, dan Kota Magelang. Adapun kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) solusai pengelolaan kawasan wisata Borobudur ialah dengan mengubah mindset wisata tidak lagi berpusat pada Candi Borobudur semata, tetapi pariwisata berbasis landscape budaya dan masyarakat, dimana Borobudur menjadi salah satu bagiannya. Paradigma wisata bergeser dari monument-centric ke kawasan lebih luas dan tidak lagi terpusat, tetapi pelibatan aktif masyarakat. 2) Pemerintah daerah (Kabupaten Magelang, Kabupaten Purworejo, dan Kota Magelang) selayaknya berbenah dengan berbagai program pembangunan pendukung dalam rangka meningkatkan percepatan daya saing daerah dan menangkap peluang pengembangan ekonomi untuk meningkatkan pembangunan daerah dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Borobudur, Wisata, Kawasan wisataABSTRACTBorobudur area and its surroundings are one of the National Tourism Strategic Areas (KSPN). The government targets tourist arrivals to the Borobudur area to reach 2 million foreign tourists, and 11 million domestic tourists by 2019. On the other hand, the Borobudur Conservation Center (BKB) which is responsible for maintaining Borobudur Temple has made study that Borobudur's capacity is only 123 people rose above the temple in one time, and 528 people in the temple yard. This time, the number of tourists rose 10-fold, and there were indications of damage. In this regard, the purpose of this study is; 1) How is the solution to the management of Borobudur KSPN so that there is a sustainability side as well as the target of visits, 2) What role can the local government around the Borobudur area take to determine the status of the area and the strategic project to be implemented. This research was conducted using qualitative. Data is collected through interviews and direct observation, as well as tracking secondary data through various documents. Data analysis was performed using interactive analysis made by Miles & Huberman. The study was conducted around the Borobudur area, namely the Magelang Regency, Purworejo Regency, and Magelang City,. The conclusions of this study are: 1) the solution for managing the Borobudur tourist area is to change the mindset of tourism no longer centered on Borobudur Temple alone, the cultural and community landscape, and Borobudur making one of its parts. The tourism paradigm shifts from the monument-centric to the wider area and is no longer centralized, but the active involvement of the community. 2) Local governments (Magelang Regency, Purworejo Regency, and Magelang City) should improve with various supporting development programs in order to increase the acceleration of regional competitiveness and increase economic development opportunities to increase regional development and community welfare.
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Mulatsih, Sri, Raden Arief Nugroho, Valentina Widya Suryaningtyas, Aloysius Soerjowardhana, Ali Muqoddas, and Erika Devi Udayanti. "Testing the Budhara Digital Book Application (Borobudur Dalam Cerita)." Journal of Applied Intelligent System 7, no. 3 (December 28, 2022): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/jais.v7i3.7286.

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Borobudur Temple is one of the icons of Indonesian tourism in the world. Unfortunately, tourists, domestic and foreign, do not have knowledge of the importance of the existence of Borobudur Temple as a cultural heritage. Evidence of the lack of knowledge of domestic tourists about the conservation of Borobudur Temple is reflected in the vandalism of thousands of people who left stains on the Borobudur stone. This has the potential to damage the rock layers of the temple. Foreign tourists themselves are also seen as lacking comprehensive knowledge about Borobudur Temple. They know a lot about the history of Borobudur, but do not understand the history of the villages surrounding the supporters of Borobudur Temple. The history of the villages around Borobudur is an important element in supporting Borobudur as a cultural heritage. In addition, efforts are needed to maintain tourist interest in visiting Borobudur Temple and the surrounding villages during the limited number of visitors. For this reason, a way is needed to educate the general public about the history and conservation efforts of the Borobudur Temple and the surrounding villages which have historical and geographical links. Based on these problems, the researchers developed a digital book called Buddhara (Borobudur Dalam Cerita) and has been testing using questionnaire.
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Sutopo, Marsis, and Wiwit Kasiyati. "BALAI KONSERVASI PENINGGALAN BOROBUDUR." Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya 1, no. 1 (December 2, 2007): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v1i1.38.

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Balai Konservasi Peninggalan Borobudur merupakan UPT di lingkungan Direktorat Jenderal Sejarah dan Purbakala Departemen Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata. Berdirinya Balai Konservasi Peninggalan Borobudur tidak lepas dari Proyek Pemugaran Candi Borobudur tahun 1973-1983. Untuk menangani Candi Borobudur yang telah selesai dipugar memerlukan perawatan, pengamatan dan penelitian terus menerus. Oleh karena itu, maka pada tahun 1991 berdirilah Balai Studi dan Konservasi Peninggalan Borobudur.
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Yatno, Tri. "NILAI SIMBOL CANDI BOROBUDUR DALAM WISATA KAPITALIS GLOBAL." Sabbhata Yatra: Jurnal Pariwisata dan Budaya 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53565/sabbhatayatra.v1i2.255.

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Candi Borobudur sebagai warisan agama Buddha menjadi simbol budaya yang memiliki nilai estetika dan spiritual. Negara memiliki peran sentral dalam mengelola Candi Borobudur sebagai bagunan cagar budaya dan pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai simbol religi pada Candi Borobudur dalam wisata kapitalis global. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dalam mengungkap permasalahan. Hasil penelitian manyatakan bahwa Candi Borobudur memiliki nilai jual sebagai material pariwisata. Simbol-simbol religi Buddha di Candi Borobudur dikomodifikasi menjadi komoditas wisata. Dampak dibukanya Candi Borobudur sebagai komoditas wisata memiliki dampak positif dan negatif bagi kehidupan beragama dan bermasyarakat
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Tri Yatno. "CANDI BOROBUDUR SEBAGAI FENOMENA SAKRAL PROFAN Agama dan Pariwisata Perspektif Strukturalisme Levi Strauss." Sabbhata Yatra: Jurnal Pariwisata dan Budaya 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53565/sabbhatayatra.v1i1.152.

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Dualisme fungsi Candi Borobudur sebagai salah satu dampak modernitas. Candi Borobudur sebagai tempat praktik keagamaan sekaligus pariwisata. Hal ini menjadi fenomena sosial budaya dalam konteks sakral profan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fenomena Candi Borobudur dalam praktik keagamaan dan pariwisata perspektif strukturalisme Levi Strauss. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis struktural. Analisis struktural Levi Strauss tidak hanya mengungkap makna yang terkandung dalam simbol, namun juga mengungkapkan logika dibalik makna. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa: lembaga keagamaan dan pariwisata dalam melihat Candi Borobudur dalam perspektif yang berbeda, baik dari segi aktor, langue, parole, mytheme, oposisi biner, order, paradigmati, sintagmatik, dan tranformasi. Dualisme fungsi Candi Borobudur yaitu candi memiliki sistem tanda masing-masing, yakni dalam ruang lingkup spiritual maupaun keduniawian. Candi Borobudur bagi umat Buddha sebagai tempat melaksanakan praktik keagamaan, seperti ritual keagamaan dan dhammayatra. Bagi wisatawan Candi Borobudur sebagai ruang rekreasi yang mengutamakan pemuasan napsu selera, dan bagi industri pariwisata Candi Borobudur sebagai ruang ekonomi.
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Ardiyansyah, Panggah. "Analisis Nilai Penting Situs-Situs di Kawasan Cagar Budaya Borobudur." Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v13i1.211.

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Penetapan kawasan Borobudur sebagai Cagar Budaya Peringkat Nasional melalui Keputusan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 286/M/2014 tentang Satuan Ruang Geografis Borobudur sebagai Kawasan Cagar Budaya Peringkat Nasional sayangnya masih belum didahului dengan kajian yang mendalam tentang situs-situs selain Candi Borobudur, Candi Mendut dan Candi Pawon yang termasuk didalam zonasi yang telah ditetapkan sebagai Kawasan Cagar Budaya (KCB) Borobudur. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mendiskusikan nilai penting situs-situs di KCB dengan ruang lingkupnya adalah Lokasi Yoni Brongsongan, Lokasi Candi Dipan, Lokasi Candi Bowongan, Lokasi Candi Samberan, Lokasi Yoni di Plandi, dan Lokasi Makam Belanda (Kerkhoff) Bojong di Mendut. Metode pengkajian dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data historis dan arkeologis, penempatan data-data tersebut dalam konteksnya masing-masing, dan komparasi dengan situs serupa apabila diperlukan. Hasil analisis menunjukan kehadiran nilai penting bagi sejarah, ilmu pengetahuan, agama dan kebudayaan. Keberadaan nilai penting ini memberikan keterkaitan antara nilai penting kawasan Borobudur dalam level internasioal, nasional dan lokal, sehingga pelestariannya perlu memperhatikan suara masyarakat lokal di kawasan Borobudur. The designation of Borobudur landscape as a National Cultural Area by the Decree of Minister of Education and Culture Number 286/M/2014 regarding Geographical Boundaries of Borobudur as National Cultural Area (hereafter KCB Borobudur) was not preceded by in-depth study on sites other than Borobudur Temple, Mendut Temple and Pawon Temple. The objective of this paper is to discuss and analyze the significance of each site within KCB Borobudur. The paper’s scope includes Yoni Brongsongan, Dipan Temple, Bowongan Temple, Samberan Temple, Yoni Plandi, and Dutch Cemeteries (Kerkhoff) Bojong in Mendut, which are included in KCB Borobudur. The methodology includes collecting data, giving contexts to each data set, and comparing to other similar sites if required. The analysis shows the significance of the sites for history, sciences, religions, and culture. These statements correlate the significance of Borobudur area in international, national, dan local levels, thus giving emphasis on the need to include local voices in the preservation of KCB Borobudur.
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Widayat, Rahmanu, and Anung B. Studyanto. "Prototype Komersial Kursi Borobudur Menuju Hilirisasi Dengan Pendekatan Eklektektik." Mudra Jurnal Seni Budaya 36, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v36i1.1313.

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Artikel ini berlatar belakang eksplorasi hasil rekonstruksi Kursi Borobudur berupa replika yang mengacu pada kursi yang terdapat pada relief Karmawibangga Candi Borobudur (tahun 2015) untuk menuju hilirisasi tahap 2 tahun 2020. Persoalannya adalah 1) Apa itu prototype Kursi Borobudur yang dapat menuju hilirisasi? 2) Mengapa prototype Kursi Borobudur menuju hilirisasi? 3) Bagaimana wujud Kursi Borobudur yang dapat menuju hilirisasi? Untuk mendapatkan jawaban dari persoalaan ini dilakukan penelitian secara kualitatif, dengan proses redesain (penciptaan) dengan pertimbangan aspek desain (pendekatan eklektik) dalam konteks budaya, dan industri kreatif yang harapannya dapat dirasakan manfaatnya bagi masyarakat dan dunia usaha (hilirisasi). Hasil dan pembahasannya adalah berbagai prototype komersial kursi Borobudur yang siap diproduksi dalam jumlah banyak dalam bidang industri kerajinan furniture. Keunggulannya terletak pada kombinasi berbagai jenis kayu, stacking chair (dapat ditumpuk), multi fungsi (kursi samping meja, kursi tamu, kursi makan, kursi pertemuan). Kesimpulannya kursi yang dikembangkan dari relief Candi Borobudur dapat disesuaikan dengan perkembangan zaman sekarang. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya bekerjasamasama dengan industri furniture dalam memproduksi kursi Borobudur menuju hilirisasi.
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Primadewi, Ardhin, Tulkhah Mubasyir Anwar, Yustin Yustin, Afan Hafara Sani, and Miftakhul Fauzi. "PENGUATAN PEMASARAN PRODUK UMKM ASHFA MADU BOROBUDUR MELALUI STRATEGI PRODUCT BRANDING." JURNAL PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT 26, no. 3 (June 3, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jpkm.v26i3.17683.

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Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) sejak tahun 1997 hingga saat ini berdiri kokoh di Indonesia. Dalam perkembangan UMKM di Indonesia, perlu inovasi dan strategi dalam pemasaran produk untuk mencapai keberhasilan dan kestabilan UMKM dalam menghadapi Revolusi Industri 4.0. Ashfa Madu Borobudur sebagai UMKM peternak lebah dan penghasil madu yang terletak di Desa Wisata Tanjungsari, Kecamatan Borobudur, Kabupaten Magelang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Ashfa Madu Borobudur belum sepenuhnya menjadi bagian dalam Branding Borobudur yang ditetapkan Pemerintah Pusat sebagai kawasan cagar budaya Internasional dan tingkat penjualan produk masih rata-rata. Pengabdian ini bertujuan agar penjualan produk madu meningkat dengan konsumen melakukan repeat order serta menjadi salah satu merek dan tujuan wisata yang dikenal sebagai penghasil madu dan peternak lebah di sekitar kawasan Borobudur. Beberapa potensi yang dimaksimalkan dalam strategi product branding seperti perancangan ulang logo, brosur, kemasan produk dan x-banner serta optimalisasi website Ashfa Madu Borobudur. Dengan implementasi strategi product branding oleh dosen dan mahasiswa KKN PPMT Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, kontribusi penjualan online meningkat menjadi sebanyak 28 %.Kata kunci: Borobudur; Branding; Digital Marketing; Madu; UMKM.AbstractMicro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) from 1997 until now stands firmly in Indonesia. In the development of MSMEs in Indonesia, it is necessary to innovate and strategy in marketing products to achieve the success and stability of MSMEs in the face of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Ashfa Madu Borobudur as MSMEs beekeeper and honey producer located in Tanjungsari Tourism Village, Borobudur District. Ashfa Madu Borobudur has not yet fully become part of the Borobudur Branding that has been established by the Central Government as an international cultural heritage area and the level of product sales is still average. This dedication aims to increase the sale of honey products by consumers making repeat orders and becoming one of the brands and tourist destinations around the Borobudur area. Some of the potentials are maximized in product branding strategies such as redesigning logos, brochures, product packaging, and x-banners as well as optimizing the Ashfa Madu Borobudur website. With the implementation of the product branding strategy by lecturers and students of KKN PPMT University of Muhammadiyah Magelang, the contribution of online sales increased to as much as 28%.Keywords: Borobudur; Branding; Digital Marketing; Honey; Micro Small And Medium Enterprises.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Borobudur"

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Lestari, Dwi Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "GPS study for resolving the stability of Borobudur temple site." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39994.

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The maintenance of the world???s important cultural monuments is a complex task embracing many disciplines. One important aspect of individual management plans is the stability of the monument. Borobudur, in Central Java, uncovered in a state of dilapidation in the early nineteenth century and finally restored in the second half of the twentieth century was restored using internal beams and injection technology with the view of providing a stable foundation for the foreseeable future. In the past, classical surveying separated the vertical and horizontal components. This separation often resulted in different stations having different information. Moreover, one technique was not generally able to add constraints to the other. Today's surveyors and Cultural Heritage managers use the Global Positioning System which is able to provide precise and reliable information for both the horizontal and vertical components, thereby unifying the networks and maximizing individual strengths, especially the underground marks associated with precise leveling, which are significantly less prone to local erratic movement than surface marks. Of necessity, any measurement of change involves at least two observation epochs. In general the precision is tied to the number of epochs and the span between the epochs. Since this study has had only two observation epochs, the results can only be described as preliminary or indicative. Never the less, there are a number of clear trends that are apparent. The first important point is that GPS is able to deliver precisions that are near 1 mm in the horizontal and 2-3 mm in the vertical relative to a regional fiducial control network. This is comparable to terrestrial surveying techniques. Moreover, it is accomplished in 10 to 14 days compared to many weeks for leveling. The second is that the level of redundancy and spatial coherence is very high enabling errors and outliers to be readily detected. This was used extensively as part of the quality assurance program adopted in this study. The third point is that no alarming deformation of the temple has been detected. At this stage of the study, the 95% confidence levels are quite large due mainly to only 2 epochs being observed but also in part to the way the models, especially the GLOBK model, has been implemented due to the limited number of epochs and the limited time span. It is expected that the model of tectonic motion which connects one epoch to the next will improve dramatically with a third epoch, and this will significantly improve the precision of the observation stations on the temple at the stupa level and on the buttress level. However, there is already clear evidence that some of the buttress level stations are in an unstable environment compared with stupa level stations and this is primarily due to their location. Finally, GPS offers the prospect of fast and hence repeatable work. Kinematic GPS techniques can certainly be used to densify stations and to increase our knowledge of the structural effects of deformation. However, much needs to be done to ensure that satellite tracking is of high quality and able to successfully resolve the ambiguities on an epoch by epoch basis.
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Jean, Jane-Amanda. "An architectural comparative analysis of Borobudur, Indonesia and the Kumbum, Gyantse, Tibet." Thesis, Faculty of Architecture, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5457.

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Fatimah, Titin. "A Study on Community-based Cultural Landscape Conservation in Borobudur, Indonesia." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157566.

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NISHIMURA, Yoshihiko, Yoshiaki NISHIKAWA, and Devi Roza KAUSAR. "How could Management of Borobudur World Heritage Site be Enhanced for Improving Tourism Impact for the Community ? : A Preliminary Comparison with Angkor World Heritage Site." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14541.

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Kim, Bo-Young. "Indefinite boundaries reconsidering the relationship between Borobudur and Loro Jonggrong in Central Java /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1467888511&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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KAUSAR, Devi Roza. "Socio-economic Impacts of Heritage Tourism on Its Locality : A Case Study of Borobudur Temple Compounds World Heritage Site, Central Java." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14547.

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Chi, Tsao Dhe, and 曹德啟. "The Eternal Return of Mandala--Borobudur." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73154586469764513079.

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碩士
輔仁大學
宗教學系
87
The mandala which represents the mysterious level of achievement in religious practice with complex diagrams is the assembly of mystery and symbolism. What is the concept that mandala would like to deliver after all? Generally speaking, mandala contains the conception of cosmic pattern. By means of investigating the development of history, instruction of practice, analyzing of structure, and objects, etc., it is able to realize various internal and external phenomenon of mandala. Afterwards, we would gain the implication that most of the mandalas are collectively expressing. As to the methodology here in the thesis, not only the accomplishment of the literature about Buddhist Esoterism and theory of mandala-practice is inherited, but also the viewpoint of the study of religion is applied as well to search the basement of various elements of mandala. In order to achieve the exploration, it is not possible for lacking the united effort of iconography. Through the investigation of the development of history of mandala in chapter one, and the analysis of structure in chapter two, there something comes to us that taking the "enlightenment" as the center would be the fundamental principle of mandala. At last, the chapter three, by the means of realizing all the aspects about the fundamental principle, the essence of enlightenment, that mandala derives from, and basing on the understanding, we intend to interpret the mysterious solid mandala, Borobudur. Facing the strange form that Borubudur presents, scholars suggest various hypothesis by diametrically different approaches. In this thesis, it is thought, returning to the facts that the monument presents and hold them as clues, would be the foundation to lead us to achieve the reasonable ratiocination. By investigating the background, the monument Borobudur is related to Gandavyuha-sutra and main sutras of Yoga-tantra. As a clue, this conclusion suggests the monument is closely relevant to the Buddhist thought widely spreading in the time of Pala dynasty that located in eastern India. On the identification of buddha statues in Borobudur, the 72 buddhas in Dharma-cakra mudra on the three round terraces convey the central personality , Vairocana, who is described in Tattvasamgraha . As to the buddhas having Vitarka mudra on the fifth balustrade would be Sambhogakaya of Sakyamuni who has his first sermon at Akanistha as described in Avatamsaka. Further, the buddha who shows the demeanor of "Victory over Mara" with Bhumisparsa mudra was flourishing in Pala dynasty in eastern India. On the viewpoint of the inheritance of the thought and architectural design, it would certainly bring Borobudur some effects, so that, the buddha in the great stupa with Bhumisparsa mudra may be possibly the buddha in the demeanor of "Victory over Mara". The image of "Victory over Mara" is imitating from the moment of Sakyamuni''s enlightenment at Bodhgaya, and that means quite much to the doctrines in Avatamsaka and Yoga-tantra; for they''re both deducing their doctrines basing on that particular moment. However, it can not be ignored that, Sakyamuni being depicted as "Victory over Mara" doesn''t mean the historical one, but the one who shuffles off historical veins and arteries. Further more, with the transcendental enlightenment superior to mortal universe, such a Sakyamuni?is transformed to the Cosmic Buddha, and as a symbol of personalization of enlightenment, he is settled down into the center of mandala. Indeed, merely via such a Cosmic Buddha, can the essence of Avatamsaka and Buddhism Esoterism be symbolized entirely . So that, the sutras of two groups as mentioned above, were able to be combined and compatibly exist in Borobudur. Finally, the image of "Victory over Mara" in great stupa symbolizes the essence of enlightenment, and it is the eternal return of mandala.
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Chen, Yu-Tun, and 陳璵惇. "The Style Research on Indonesia's Borobudur Reliefs of Corridors." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54852445403977842978.

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Abstract:
碩士
國立暨南國際大學
東南亞研究所
100
After Borobudur Pagoda was found and restored in middle of Java, This very important world heritage has become a major research target for archaeology、religious studies and art research fields. The reliefs of corridors and Buddhist statues inside the architecture can be referred as one of the greatest masterpiece in the world. This thesis mainly focused on the research of the first to forth floor of Borobudur Reliefs of Corridors, and analysis of its style. In order to high light the particularity of Borobudur Reliefs of Corridors, the author also compared it with other important reliefs of corridors, such as Sanchi Stupa in India and Angkor Wat in East Cambodia.
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Jean, Jane-Amanda. "An architectural comparative analysis of Borobudur, Indonesia and the Kumbum, Gyantse, Tibet." 2002. http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/5457.

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KAUSAR, Devi Roza Krisnandhi. "Socio-Economic Impacts of Tourism on a World Heritage Site : Case Study of Rural Borobudur, Indonesia." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14040.

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Books on the topic "Borobudur"

1

Nou, Jean Louis. Borobudur. Edited by Louis-Frédéric 1923- and Kretschmar Marit. München: Hirmer, 1995.

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Nou, Jean Louis. Borobudur. Paris: Impr. nationale, 1994.

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1923-, Louis-Frédéric, ed. Borobudur. New York: Abbeville Press, 1996.

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1933-2021, Heraty Toeti, ed. Borobudur. 4th ed. [Jakarta]: Djambatan, 1989.

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Joesoef, Daoed. Borobudur. Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kompas, 2004.

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Dumarçay, Jacques. Borobudur. 2nd ed. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1991.

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Rudolf, Schmidt. Borobudur meditation. Jakarta: Hexart Pub., 2010.

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Rudolf, Schmidt. Borobudur meditation. Jakarta: Hexart Pub., 2010.

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Prager, Heinz-Günter. Borobudur Projekt. Heidelberg: Edition Braus, 1997.

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Panyadewa, Seno. Misteri Borobudur: Candi Borobudur bukan peninggalan Nabi Sulaiman. Kebagusan, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta: Dolphin, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Borobudur"

1

Nagaoka, Masanori. "Historical Setting of Borobudur." In Cultural Landscape Management at Borobudur, Indonesia, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42046-2_1.

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Nagaoka, Masanori. "Concept of Landscape Management at Borobudur in the 1970s." In Cultural Landscape Management at Borobudur, Indonesia, 13–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42046-2_2.

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Nagaoka, Masanori. "Buffering Borobudur for Socioeconomic Development in the 1980s: An Approach Distinct from European Value-Based Heritage Management." In Cultural Landscape Management at Borobudur, Indonesia, 49–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42046-2_3.

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Nagaoka, Masanori. "Evolution of Heritage Discourse and Community Involvement at Borobudur: Post-Implementation Phase of JICA Master Plan from the 1990s Until the Twenty First Century." In Cultural Landscape Management at Borobudur, Indonesia, 71–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42046-2_4.

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Nagaoka, Masanori. "Conclusions." In Cultural Landscape Management at Borobudur, Indonesia, 107–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42046-2_5.

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Mustika, A., F. H. Habibie, D. Z. Nasution, and H. Brahmantyo. "Homestay management based on local wisdom in the Borobudur area, Indonesia." In Current Issues in Tourism, Gastronomy, and Tourist Destination Research, 280–86. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003248002-38.

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Shivanee, Nikhil Kumar Rajput, and Ajay Jaiswal. "A Machine Learning Approach for the Classification of the Buddha Statues of Borobudur (Indonesia)." In Data Analytics and Management, 891–900. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8335-3_67.

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Bloembergen, Marieke, and Martijn Eickhoff. "Save Borobudur! The Moral Dynamics of Heritage Formation in Indonesia across Orders and Borders, 1930s–1980s." In Transcultural Research – Heidelberg Studies on Asia and Europe in a Global Context, 83–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13638-7_5.

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Sulistyowati. "Application of General Principles of Good Governance in Tourism Policy: Case Study of Borobudur Temple Tariff Increase." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Business Law and Local Wisdom in Tourism (ICBLT 2022), 27–34. Paris: Atlantis Press SARL, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-93-0_5.

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Koyama, Tomofumi, Ichita Shimoda, and Yoshinori Iwasaki. "Measurement of the Joint Displacement Along Masonry Wall Using Digital Photogrammetry for the Structural Stability of the Borobudur Temple, Indonesia." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 8, 53–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09408-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Borobudur"

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Suryaningtyas, Annis Azhar, and Lintang Muliawanti. "Intercultural Communication in Borobudur Homestay Village." In 1st Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities, Economics and Social Sciences (BIS-HESS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.219.

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Widayat, Rahmanu, Anung Studyanto, and Lu’lu Purwaningrum. "Commercial Prototype of Borobudur Chair Towards Hilirisasi." In Proceedings of the 1st Conference of Visual Art, Design, and Social Humanities by Faculty of Art and Design, CONVASH 2019, 2 November 2019, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.2-11-2019.2294943.

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Sulistiawati, Turmudi, Samsul Arifin, and Indra Bayu Muktyas. "Ethnomathematics in Borobudur temple based on cellular automata perspective." In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON FRONTIERS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102457.

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Rus, Annisa Marlin Masbar, Rossi Annisa, Isti Surjandari, and Zulkarnain. "Measuring Hotel Service Quality in Borobudur Temple Using Opinion Mining." In 2019 16th International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2019.8887650.

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Lutfiyana, Ulfa, and Kusrini Kusrini. "Temple Rock Damage Detection System in Digital Image at Borobudur Conservation Center." In 2019 International Conference on Information and Communications Technology (ICOIACT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoiact46704.2019.8938504.

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Widayat, Rahmanu, and Anung B. Studyanto. "Exploration of Design Development Borobudur Chair with The Ašng Method (strange)." In 4th Bandung Creative Movement International Conference on Creative Industries 2017 (4th BCM 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bcm-17.2018.29.

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Agustina, Candra, Sardiarinto, Diah Ayu Ambarsari, Eka Rahmawati, and Ahmad Fauzi. "Optimization of Tourism Route “Balkondes Tour” in Borobudur using the Greedy Algorithm." In 2019 7th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citsm47753.2019.8965397.

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Widayat, Rahmanu, Anung B. Studyanto, and If Bambang Sulistyono. "Exploration Design Development Borobudur Chair Based on Perspectional of Industrial Furniture in Surakarta." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Creative Media, Design and Technology (REKA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/reka-18.2018.26.

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Muliawanti, Lintang, Moch Imron Rosyidi, Annis A. Suryaningtyas, and Prihatin Dwihantoro. "Sinergity of Actors Role for the Development of Tourism Sub-System in Borobudur." In Proceedings of the 2nd Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities and Social Sciences, BIS-HSS 2020, 18 November 2020, Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.18-11-2020.2311738.

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Martyastiadi, Yusup Sigit. "From Spiritual to Virtual: An Interactive Digital Art Creation of Virtual Reality Borobudur." In 2020 Nicograph International (NicoInt). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nicoint50878.2020.00011.

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